CN110896826A - Begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate and cultivation method adopting substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of begonia planting, and discloses a begonia greenhouse field planting substrate, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of broken wood chips, 3 parts of pine hair humus, 2 parts of rice hulls and 1 part of broken stone particles; the invention also discloses a method for cultivating the begonia by adopting the greenhouse field cultivation matrix, the matrix can provide rich iron nutrition and nitrogen nutrition for begonia plants, the survival rate of the begonia is greatly improved, and the plant height, the leaf stalk thickness and the leaf area of the begonia plants cultivated by adopting the matrix are all superior to those of the begonia cultivated by other matrixes; in addition, the cultivation method adopts potassium permanganate solution to spray the light substrate, and adopts carbendazim soaking treatment on the begonia seedlings, so that the plant diseases and insect pests are effectively prevented.

Description

Begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate and cultivation method adopting substrate

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of begonia planting, in particular to a begonia greenhouse field planting substrate and a planting method adopting the substrate.

Background

The Begonia (Begonia grandis) is a general name of the Begonia of the begonian, and the begonian has high ornamental value, wherein most varieties have high medicinal value, and the begonian plant resources in China are rich and are the countries which are second to Brazil and have the most varieties in global distribution. The utilization of the begonia on the garden landscape mainly shows the following aspects: 1 the begonia in urban garden is commonly used for arranging flower beds and lawn edges in summer and autumn. 2 potted begonia is commonly used to decorate living rooms, show windows or house windowsills, balconies and tea tables. 3. The cultivation in the courtyard is mainly arranged at the corner of the courtyard or in the artificial rain forest landscape.

Along with the value of the begonia, the resource amount of the wild begonia is sharply reduced, and the introduction and cultivation of the plants are more and more important. Most of the existing introduction and cultivation researches of wild begonia are limited to be carried out in a laboratory, and the commonly used substrates are mainly bark and peat soil; although begonia balls are commercialized, the common substrate is turf, etc. Although the matrixes such as turfy soil, peat soil and bark are suitable for the growth of the begonia, the matrixes have the characteristics of high cost, no water retention, high management difficulty and the like, the defects of poor seedling nutrient absorption, low survival rate of seedlings and instability in the process of planting the begonia by common people exist, local green sustainable utilization resources are wasted invisibly by adopting the matrixes, the bottleneck of limiting the cultivation and utilization of the begonia is not only expressed in the selection of the cultivation matrix, and the corresponding cultivation technology cannot be systematic, so that the begonia cultivation matrix and the cultivation technology suitable for the begonia cultivation matrix are urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the problems, the invention provides the begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate which can provide rich iron nutrition and nitrogen nutrition for begonia seedlings and can greatly improve the survival rate and the growth quality of the begonia seedlings and the method for cultivating begonia by using the begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of broken wood chips, 3 parts of pine hair humus, 2 parts of rice hulls and 1 part of broken stone particles.

Furthermore, the wood chips are plant residual branches discarded in agricultural and forestry production, and the wood chips are soaked in humus to form medicine residue. The decomposed wood chips can simulate the wild environment for the growth of the begonia, and provide humic acid and beneficial flora for the begonia.

Further, the rice hull is carbonized. The carbonized rice hulls have good air permeability and can adsorb harmful metabolites generated in the growth process of the begonia.

Furthermore, the crushed stone particles adopt calcium carbonate rock crushed particles with the diameter of 2 cm. The crushed stone particles have the function of fixing the root system of the plant, and the slow released calcium protein provides calcium nutrition for the calcium-philic plants such as the begonia, and the like.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a preparation method of the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate, which comprises the following steps:

s1: crushing dead branches of trees into wood chips with the length of 2cm-3cm and the diameter of 0.8cm-1 cm;

s2: piling the crushed sawdust in the S1 into a fermentation tank, tamping, adding clear water to immerse the crushed sawdust, sequentially applying a mixed bacterial agent of actinomycetes, lactobacillus and bacillus in a weight ratio of 3:3:5, sealing by plastic cloth, and turning over the crushed sawdust once every 10 days until the crushed sawdust is completely softened and thoroughly decomposed;

s3: drying the decomposed wood chips in the S2 in the sun;

s4: mixing broken stone particles, rice hulls, pine hair humus and broken wood chips in S3 according to the proportion in any one of claims 1 to 4 to prepare the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate.

Further, adding 1 kg of mixed bacteria agent into every 60 kg of the wood chips and uniformly mixing.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a cultivation method of begonia, which comprises the following steps:

s102, soil is leveled and surface fluctuation is set up in a greenhouse, then the surface soil is loosened and shallow grooves with the height of 10cm, the width of 20cm and the length of 1.5m are cut, the bottom of each shallow groove is filled with the begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate in the claims 1-4, and a sprinkling irrigation system is arranged in a cultivation area;

s104, before field planting, spraying a potassium permanganate solution on the culture medium, and soaking roots of the begonia plants in a carbendazim solution for 30 seconds for later use; watering the well spread begonia greenhouse field planting matrix in the S102 thoroughly to ensure that the water content is 70-80%, and watering thoroughly after field planting;

s106, performing post-planting management on the seedling roots of the begonia in the S104:

illumination management: after planting, shading treatment is needed, and the shading degree is about 40-60% of normal illumination;

humidity management: maintaining the ambient humidity of the greenhouse at 80% under ventilation conditions;

and (3) nutrition management: spraying Hoagland complete nutrient solution every other month until the surface of the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate is soaked;

and (3) pest and disease management: the carbendazim is sprayed to the rhizosphere of soil and the surrounding environment once every week.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the light substrate is suitable for cultivating the begonia, is particularly suitable for cultivating the crazy begonia and the discolored begonia, can provide rich calcium nutrition and humic acid nutrition for the crazy begonia and the discolored begonia, and greatly improves the survival rate of the crazy begonia and the discolored begonia, wherein the survival rate of the crazy begonia seedlings can reach more than 96 percent, the survival rate of the discolored begonia seedlings can reach 93 percent, and the seedling height, the leaf stalk thickness, the leaf area and the like of each begonia are have larger differences with the begonia cultivated by other substrates; in addition, the cultivation method adopts potassium permanganate solution to spray the light substrate, and adopts carbendazim soaking treatment on the begonia seedlings, so that the plant diseases and insect pests are effectively prevented.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.

Example 1

Firstly, preparing a begonia greenhouse field culture substrate for begonia culture, comprising the following steps:

s1: smashing dead branches of waste trees in agricultural and forestry production into: wood chips with length of 2cm-3cm and diameter of 0.8cm-1 cm;

s2: the method comprises the steps of piling and tamping the crushed wood chips in the S1 in a fermentation tank, injecting clear water into the fermentation tank to immerse the crushed wood chips, sequentially applying mixed bacteria of actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus in a weight ratio of 3:3:5, sealing an opening of the fermentation tank by using plastic cloth, turning the crushed wood chips in the fermentation tank once every 10 days until the crushed wood chips are completely softened and thoroughly decomposed, wherein the decomposed crushed wood chips are in the shape of decoction dregs, 1 kg of mixed bacteria prepared by mixing the actinomycetes, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus is required to be added into each 60 kg of the crushed wood chips in the S1, and the bacillus added in the embodiment adopts fungus-bacillus subtilis powder produced by Shandong Junde Biotech limited company.

S3: naturally airing the decomposed wood chips in the S2 until the wood chips are dried in the sun;

s4: preparing broken stone particles, rice hulls, pine humus and broken wood chips in S3 according to the following weight ratio: 40% of broken wood chips, 30% of pine humus, 20% of rice hulls and 10% of broken stone particles, so as to prepare the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate; wherein the broken stone particles are calcium carbonate rock broken particles with the diameter of 2cm, and the rice hulls are carbonized.

The method for cultivating the begonia by using the begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate prepared by the method comprises the following steps:

s102, carrying out cuttage on the begonia, and paving a mixture of perlite and vermiculite with a quantity ratio of 3:1 on soil for splicing; soil at the bottom of the mixture is turned loose before cuttage so as to be drained, and the mixture is covered with a begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate with the thickness of 5 cm;

s104, cutting one leaf of the Changxiang begonia or the discolored begonia into three parts, cutting the three parts until the leaf is rooted, soaking the rooted leaves of the begonia plant in a carbendazim solution for 30S (the carbendazim solution is Guoguo-brand carbendazim produced by Sichuan agricultural chemical Limited company, and when in use, diluting the concentration of the carbendazim solution to be 0.1 percent of the original concentration), and finally inserting the begonia plant on the surface of a substrate; and after cuttage, spraying water until the substrate is thoroughly wetted, then spraying water every 3 days, and properly spraying a carbendazim solution. When the seedling age reaches about 60 days, 3-4 pieces of begonia plants are grown for field planting.

S106, arranging planting cells in the greenhouse, leveling land in the cells with flat terrain and consistent illumination, loosening surface soil, making planting slots with the height of 10cm, the width of 20cm and the length of 1.5m, and arranging a sprinkling irrigation system at fixed points in the planting areas.

S108, filling the begonia cultivation medium into the planting slots of the S106, spraying a carbendazim solution into each planting slot, further uniformly mixing the begonia cultivation medium, distributing stone grains at the tops of the slots as much as possible, and using planting stones for pressing roots of begonia plants.

S110, planting the begonia plants with 4 leaves in the S106 in the morning with sufficient yangguan, spraying a potassium permanganate solution on the surface of a culture medium before planting, and then soaking roots of the begonia plants in a carbendazim solution for 30 seconds for later use; then watering the paved begonia cultivation matrix thoroughly until the water content is 70% -80%, then planting the standby begonia plants on the begonia cultivation matrix, watering the reserved begonia plants thoroughly after planting, spraying carbendazim on each begonia plant, and performing single-groove single-row cultivation during planting.

S112, managing after planting:

illumination management: shading treatment is needed after planting, the Changsheng begonia and the discolored begonia are resistant to shade, shading is needed in the growth period, the shading degree is about 40% -60% of normal illumination, and the begonia needs to be prevented from direct sunlight.

Humidity management: the begonia is pleased with wet, the environment humidity in the greenhouse is guaranteed to grow at 80% under the ventilation condition, the begonia is watered thoroughly once every week, water cannot be accumulated in the watering process, the environment air humidity in the greenhouse is guaranteed after 1 hour of water mist spraying every day under the condition of fine weather, and a plurality of humidifiers are installed in the greenhouse to realize real-time monitoring of the environment air humidity in the greenhouse.

And (3) nutrition management: the begonia cultivation medium is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, the begonia after planting does not need to be additionally applied for a long time, in order to avoid the condition that the nitrogen fertilizer is properly controlled for the vain, the diluted Hoagland whole nutrient solution (the Hoagland whole nutrient solution used in the embodiment is the Hoagland whole nutrient solution which is provided by Qingdao Haibo and has the purity of analytically pure) can be properly sprayed every 1 month or so until the surface of the begonia greenhouse cultivation medium is wetted, and the Hoagland whole nutrient solution is sprayed from the rhizosphere during spraying, so that the condition that the begonia leaves are burnt due to the fact that the begonia is sprayed on the tender leaves is avoided.

And (3) pest and disease management: the method is characterized in that the Begonia in a greenhouse is likely to cause fungal infection, under the condition of ensuring ventilation, carbendazim (the carbendazim solution in the greenhouse is Guoguang carbendazim produced by Sichuan agro-chemical Limited company, and the concentration of the carbendazim solution is diluted to 10% of the original concentration when the carbendazim solution is used) is sprayed to the rhizosphere and the surrounding environment of soil, the carbendazim solution is sprayed once every other week, watering is not needed in cold weather or rainy weather, the watering water amount cannot be too much, a small amount of repeated principle is always followed, and when the air humidity is high after the watering is finished, proper ventilation is needed, so that the breeding of plant diseases and insect pests in a humid environment.

Comparative example 2

This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: the raw materials used in the preparation of the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate in the embodiment are different, and the raw materials used in the embodiment are 40% by weight of bark (bark used in the comparative example is commercially decomposed bark particles with the diameter of 12mm-18mm), 30% of pine humus, 20% of rice husk and 10% of crushed stone.

Comparative example 3

This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: the raw materials adopted in the preparation of the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate in the embodiment are different, and the raw materials in the embodiment adopt 40% of wood chips, 30% of grass carbon (the grass carbon in the comparative example adopts Danish imported commodity type general grass carbon with the particle size of 5mm-20 mm), 20% of rice hulls and 10% of broken stone particles in percentage by weight.

Comparative example 4

This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: the raw materials used in the preparation of the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate in the embodiment are different, and the raw materials used in the embodiment are 40% by weight of bark (bark used in the comparative example is commercially decomposed bark particles with the diameter of 12mm-18mm), 30% of grass carbon (grass carbon in the comparative example is Danish imported pin-type general grass carbon with the particle size of 5mm-20 mm), 20% of rice husk and 10% of crushed stone.

Comparative example 5

This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: the raw materials adopted in the preparation of the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate in the embodiment are different, and the raw materials in the embodiment adopt 45% of wood chips, 45% of pine humus and 10% of broken stone particles by weight.

Comparative example 6

This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: in the embodiment, the raw materials used in the preparation of the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate are different, and in the embodiment, the raw materials are grass peat (the grass peat in the comparative example is Danish imported commodity-type universal grass peat, and the particle size of the grass peat is between 5mm and 20 mm).

Comparative example 7

This comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: the raw materials used in the preparation of the begonia greenhouse field planting substrate in the present example are different, and bark is used as the raw material in the present example (the bark used in the present example is commercially decomposed bark particles with a diameter of 12mm-18 mm).

After the permanent planting is respectively carried out on the example 1 and the comparative examples 2-7 for 90 days, the survival rate of each group of begonia is shown in the following table 1, and the growth condition of each group of begonia is shown in the following table 2:

table 1:

table 2:

as can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the begonia leaves with the chang feeling and the begonia leaves with the color change in the example 1 are superior to any one of the comparative examples 2-7 in the survival rate or the growth condition, so that the advantage of the begonia greenhouse cultivation matrix in the example 1 is fully embodied.

After the same amount of water is poured into each group of the begonia greenhouse field-cultivation substrates, the water content (weight after removing broken stone particles) of the begonia greenhouse field-cultivation substrates in each group is measured by weighing by a drying method at the same time every day, and the water content is obtained by recording for seven consecutive days as shown in the following table 3:

table 3:

as can be seen from table 3, the water loss is the fastest in comparative example 6, the water content of the begonia greenhouse ground-cultivated matrix in the group is only 78.89% in the second day, and the water content is 20.12% in the seventh day, the water content of the begonia greenhouse ground-cultivated matrix in the group of example 1 is 89.68% in the second day of watering, and the water content of the begonia greenhouse ground-cultivated matrix in the group of example 1 is 30.45% in the seventh day, and therefore the begonia greenhouse ground-cultivated matrix has the highest water content in each of the seven groups, and therefore has better water retention property.

The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the process of verifying the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all the equivalent structural changes made by applying the content of the specification of the invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of broken wood chips, 3 parts of pine hair humus, 2 parts of rice hulls and 1 part of broken stone particles.

2. The begonia greenhouse field planting substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the wood chips are plant residual branches discarded in agricultural and forestry production, and are in a medicine residue shape after being soaked and humated.

3. The begonia greenhouse field planting substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the rice hull is carbonized.

4. The begonia greenhouse field planting substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the broken stone particles are calcium carbonate rock broken particles with the diameter of 2 cm.

5. A preparation method of a begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: crushing dead branches of trees into wood chips with the length of 2cm-3cm and the diameter of 0.8cm-1 cm;

s2: piling the crushed sawdust in the S1 into a fermentation tank, tamping, adding clear water to immerse the crushed sawdust, sequentially applying a mixed bacterial agent of actinomycetes, lactobacillus and bacillus in a weight ratio of 3:3:5, sealing by plastic cloth, and turning over the crushed sawdust once every 10 days until the crushed sawdust is completely softened and thoroughly decomposed;

s3: drying the decomposed wood chips in the S2 in the sun;

s4: mixing broken stone particles, rice hulls, pine hair humus and broken wood chips in S3 according to the proportion in any one of claims 1 to 4 to prepare the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate.

6. The method for cultivating begonia by using the begonia greenhouse ground culture medium according to the claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and adding 1 kg of mixed bacteria agent into every 60 kg of the wood chips and uniformly mixing.

7. A cultivation method of begonia, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s102, soil is leveled and surface fluctuation is set up in a greenhouse, then the surface soil is loosened and shallow grooves with the height of 10cm, the width of 20cm and the length of 1.5m are cut, the bottom of each shallow groove is filled with the begonia greenhouse field cultivation substrate in the claims 1-4, and a sprinkling irrigation system is arranged in a cultivation area;

s104, before field planting, spraying a potassium permanganate solution on the culture medium, and soaking roots of the begonia plants in a carbendazim solution for 30 seconds for later use; watering the well spread begonia greenhouse field planting matrix in the S102 thoroughly to ensure that the water content is 70-80%, and watering thoroughly after field planting;

s106, performing post-planting management on the seedling roots of the begonia in the S104:

illumination management: after planting, shading treatment is needed, and the shading degree is about 40-60% of normal illumination;

humidity management: maintaining the ambient humidity of the greenhouse at 80% under ventilation conditions;

and (3) nutrition management: spraying Hoagland complete nutrient solution every other month until the surface of the begonia greenhouse field culture substrate is soaked;

and (3) pest and disease management: the carbendazim is sprayed to the rhizosphere of soil and the surrounding environment once every week.