CN110637669A - Interplanting method for fast-growing eucalyptus and pine trees - Google Patents
Interplanting method for fast-growing eucalyptus and pine trees Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110637669A CN110637669A CN201911106251.7A CN201911106251A CN110637669A CN 110637669 A CN110637669 A CN 110637669A CN 201911106251 A CN201911106251 A CN 201911106251A CN 110637669 A CN110637669 A CN 110637669A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fast
- growing eucalyptus
- pine
- trees
- fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
An interplanting method of fast-growing eucalyptus and pine trees comprises the following planting steps: (1) selecting a land block with a deep soil layer and no water accumulation; (2) transplanting: digging holes according to plant row spacing (1.5-2) mx (5-8) m to plant fast-growing eucalyptus in the month of 2-5, digging holes according to plant row spacing 2-3m to plant a row of pine trees in the middle of the row spacing of the fast-growing eucalyptus; (3) topdressing fast-growing eucalyptus in 2-4 months per year; pruning parts of the fast-growing eucalyptus tree below 1m after the fast-growing eucalyptus tree grows to 2 m height; applying decomposed fertilizer to pine trees once a year, wherein each pine tree is 20-50 kg, when the fertilizer is applied, a ditch is formed at a position 0.5-1m away from a trunk, the fertilizer is applied to the ditch, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied; (4) the fast growing eucalyptus trees can be felled after being planted for the fourth year according to the requirements, and the roots with poor sprouts are dug to implant the seedlings according to the sprouting conditions after being continuously felled for two years. The method can effectively solve the problem of water and soil loss caused by planting the fast-growing eucalyptus, and can also reduce the manual input of weeding and reduce the pest and disease damage of pine trees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest planting, in particular to a method for interplanting fast-growing eucalyptus and pine.
Background
Fast-growing eucalyptus, the academic name: eucalyptus (Eucalyptusrobusta Smith) And alias: white diesel tree (Chaoshan), shikimic tree (south Australia), Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus robusta (Puning), Eucalyptus robusta, California, and Eucalyptus robusta (Huiyang).
The fast-growing eucalyptus refers to the hybrid species of eucalyptus grandis, eucalyptus urophylla, eucalyptus grandis, eucalyptus globulus, eucalyptus salicifolius, eucalyptus urophylla, and eucalyptus urophylla, eucalyptus tenuifolius, etc., and the strains are more and named after serial numbers. The characteristics of each strain are different: the quick growth can reach up to ten meters in one year, and the cold-resistant seed can resist second-degree low temperature and also resist diseases compared with the original seed. The seedling propagation mainly comprises two modes of tissue culture and cutting, and a preferred plant is selected regularly as a seed source. The condition of the field is good, the seeds can be harvested in five years, the yield per mu is eight cubic meters, and the economic return (economic maturity) rate exceeds 20 percent per year. The wood is mainly used as plywood, and the secondary wood is used for manufacturing high-grade copperplate paper or copy paper.
The average annual accumulation per mu is more than 3 cubic meters, the average annual accumulation per mu is a little larger than that of the common forest, and the annual accumulation per mu also reaches 2 cubic meters. The yield per mu of the 4-year fast-growing eucalyptus is 6-8 cubic meters, and the benefit is considerable. The average yield per mu of the eucalyptus tenuissima and the eucalyptus robusta planted in the last sixties of the world in the eastern forest farm of Guangxi is 6-8 cubic meters after being harvested 20-25 years. Therefore, the benefit of the fast-growing eucalyptus is 5-6 times that of the local eucalyptus elaphus. According to the principle of being suitable for trees, the development of the fast-growing eucalyptus has very important significance for relieving the situation of wood shortage in China, promoting forest farmers to become rich, protecting natural forests and public welfare ecological forests and improving the ecological environment in China. However, while the eucalyptus planting industry is developing, some obstacles are encountered, and some scholars and some places in academia consider that: the low utilization rate of the land for planting the eucalyptus, the excessive consumption of the soil water, the poor soil quality of the places where the eucalyptus is planted, the inscriptions in the eucalyptus forest and the like restrict the development of the eucalyptus industry.
The pine tree is Pinaceae (Pinaceae) The plants are collectively called as firm and long-lived, in Chinese, pine trees are called as "yew", and in some places (e.g., Europe and the like) with less hot climate, more than 40 degrees to 60 degrees north latitude, the plants are common. Pine trees are generally characterized by leaves shaped like a needle (to prevent evaporation of a large amount of water), flat linear or needle shaped leaves, spiral reciprocal growth, or clustering on short branches; a normally male and female isogenic plant; the stamens of the ball flowers and the seed scales with ovules are also in spiral intergrowth; the stamen of the male cone has 2 anther sacs, the seed scale of the female cone has 2 ovules, and the back of the seed scaleSeparating the bract scales and the seed scales. In the case of pine needle shapes, pine needles are an impression of most people, but it is noted that pine needles do not grow directly on the branches, but rather on nodal leaf pillows at the junctions of branches and leaves.
Rosin is a resin flowing out after cutting the body of a pine tree, also called rosin, pine cream, pine gum, pine liquid and pine fat, is a product of physiological activities of trees, contains rosin and turpentine, mainly consists of resin acid and terpene, and also contains a small amount of impurities and moisture. The resins can be classified into natural resins and synthetic resins. The natural resin is the only one, but with the development of chemical engineering, many of the polymers are produced by artificial synthesis, and the chemical properties and physical properties of some of the polymers are similar to those of the natural resin, so the polymers are called synthetic resins. Turpentine is widely distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan and the like, is a mixture of various high molecular compounds, has different melting points and special chemical structures, can be used as materials such as emulsion paint, adhesive and the like, and has high commercial value. The processing method of rosin in China mainly comprises a steam method and a direct fire method.
The oleoresin flows out after the pine tree body is cut by the pine resin. The product of the physiological activities of trees mainly consists of terpenoids. The rosin which just flows out is colorless transparent oily liquid, becomes thick along with the gradual volatilization of the products after terpene alkylation after being exposed in the air, and finally becomes white or yellow solid substance, namely crude rosin. Turpentine is a raw material for producing rosin and turpentine.
The sugars produced by the photosynthesis of pine needles undergo complex biochemical changes to form turpentine in the parenchyma cells of wood, which penetrates into the resin tracts through the secretory cell wall. The resin tract is a pine-tree-specific structure that forms 3 independent systems in the xylem, conifer and primary cortex. The resin channels of the xylem include longitudinal and transverse channels, which are interconnected in the wood to form a resin channel system. When the pine resin is harvested, as long as the xylem on the outer edge of the trunk is cut, the pine resin flows out through the resin channel system.
Turpentine is resin secreted by a pine tree, is colorless and transparent when flowing out of a trunk, has the turpentine content of more than 30 percent, and gradually volatilizes after contacting with air, and is added with the invasion of external moisture, so that part of resin acid in the turpentine is separated out in a crystalline state, and the turpentine is gradually changed into honey-shaped semifluid. Turpentine is composed mainly of resin acids and terpene hydrocarbons, and in addition contains a small amount of impurities and moisture.
Researches show that the pine trees are excellent tree species for beautifying the environment, storing water and preserving soil, and the pine trees are easy to have diseases and insect pests, and the fast-growing eucalyptus and the pine trees are interplanted mutually, so that the water and soil loss of forest lands can be reduced, the ecological sustainability is maintained, and the diseases and insect pests are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mutual interplanting method of fast-growing eucalyptus and pine trees, which effectively solves the problem of water and soil loss caused by planting the fast-growing eucalyptus, and can reduce the manual input of weeding for planting the fast-growing eucalyptus and reduce the pest and disease damage of the pine trees.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an interplanting method of fast-growing eucalyptus and pine trees comprises the following planting steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a land block with a deep soil layer and no water accumulation as a planting area, removing weeds and miscellaneous trees on the land block, and ploughing and loosening the soil layer.
(2) Transplanting: digging holes according to plant row spacing (1.5-2) mx (5-8) m to plant fast-growing eucalyptus in the month of 2-5, digging holes according to plant row spacing 2-3m to plant a row of pine trees in the middle of the row spacing of the fast-growing eucalyptus; and (3) selecting pine seedlings growing for 2-3 years to plant. After planting, watering enough planting water, applying 20-25 kg of a mixture of decomposed fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer around the fast-growing eucalyptus plants and pine plants, and covering the fast-growing eucalyptus plants and the pine plants with weeds or plant straws to keep the soil moist, wherein the weight ratio of the decomposed fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is (20-25): 1 kg.
(3) Planting management: after the planting, the seedlings are inspected regularly, the seedlings are found to be short, the plants are replanted in time, weeds near the roots are eradicated after 2 months of planting, the weeds in the rows do not need to be cleared up, and the weeds in the rows and the roots are gradually eliminated after the fast-growing eucalyptus and the pine grow high, so that the weeding is avoided; after planting for the second year, topdressing is carried out 2-3 months per year, special fertilizer for eucalyptus is applied to the parts, near the roots, of each fast-growing eucalyptus tree in a hole digging manner, 0.5-1kg of fertilizer is applied to the parts, and the fertilizer is applied to the holes and covered with soil; after the fast-growing eucalyptus grows to 2 m high, pruning and trimming parts below 1m, cutting a cutter edge along the trunk from top to bottom during trimming, and leaving 2-4 cm of stubbles to avoid damaging the trunk. Before topdressing for fast-growing eucalyptus, soil near the root is loosened, and then hole fertilization is performed after the soil is loosened, so that the dissolved oxygen amount of the soil at the root is increased, and the growth of the fast-growing eucalyptus is facilitated.
Applying decomposed fertilizer to pine tree in 20-50 kg each year, digging ditch 0.5-1m away from the trunk, applying fertilizer into the ditch and covering with soil. Before fertilizing the pine trees, soil at the roots of the trees is loosened, and then hole fertilization is performed after the soil is loosened, so that the dissolved oxygen of the soil at the roots is increased, and the nutrient absorption of the trees is facilitated.
(4) Cutting: the fast growing eucalyptus trees can be felled after being planted for the fourth year according to the requirements, and the roots with poor sprouts are dug to implant the seedlings according to the sprouting conditions after being continuously felled for two years. When the tree seedling newly grows to 1-1.5 m, the tree seedling is removed and can be used as seedling.
The method for interplanting the fast-growing eucalyptus and the pine trees has the advantages that the fast-growing eucalyptus and the pine trees are not required to be planted in the fast-growing tree;
1. digging holes for planting fast-growing eucalyptus according to the row spacing (1.5-2) mx (5-8) m, and digging holes for planting pine trees according to the row spacing 2-3m in the middle of the row spacing of the fast-growing eucalyptus; the problem of soil erosion caused by planting fast-growing eucalyptus can be effectively solved, the sustainable development of the eucalyptus industry can be guaranteed, artificial weeding is not needed after the eucalyptus is planted for the second year, weeds between rows and at roots can be gradually eliminated, and the investment of artificial weeding is avoided.
2. Pine trees are planted among fast-growing eucalyptus rows, so that the pine tree pest damage is less, and the pine tree gum yield can be improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, which are only a part of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
The interplanting of the fast-growing eucalyptus and the pine can be completed by adopting the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a land block with a deep soil layer and no water accumulation as a planting area, removing weeds and miscellaneous trees on the land block, and ploughing and loosening the soil layer.
(2) Transplanting: digging holes according to plant row spacing (1.5-2) mx (5-8) m to plant fast-growing eucalyptus in the month of 2-5, digging holes according to plant row spacing 2-3m to plant a row of pine trees in the middle of the row spacing of the fast-growing eucalyptus; and (3) selecting pine seedlings growing for 2-3 years to plant. After planting, watering enough planting water, applying 20-25 kg of a mixture of decomposed fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer around the fast-growing eucalyptus plants and pine plants, and covering the fast-growing eucalyptus plants and the pine plants with weeds or plant straws to keep the soil moist, wherein the weight ratio of the decomposed fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is (20-25): 1 kg.
(3) Planting management: after the planting, the seedlings are inspected regularly, the seedlings are found to be short, the plants are replanted in time, weeds near the roots are eradicated after 2 months of planting, the weeds in the rows do not need to be cleared up, and the weeds in the rows and the roots are gradually eliminated after the fast-growing eucalyptus and the pine grow high, so that the weeding is avoided; after planting for the second year, topdressing is carried out 2-3 months per year, special fertilizer for eucalyptus is applied to the parts, near the roots, of each fast-growing eucalyptus tree in a hole digging manner, 0.5-1kg of fertilizer is applied to the parts, and the fertilizer is applied to the holes and covered with soil; after the fast-growing eucalyptus grows to 2 m high, pruning and trimming parts below 1m, cutting a cutter edge along the trunk from top to bottom during trimming, and leaving 2-4 cm of stubbles to avoid damaging the trunk. Before topdressing for fast-growing eucalyptus, soil near the root is loosened, and then hole fertilization is performed after the soil is loosened, so that the dissolved oxygen amount of the soil at the root is increased, and the growth of the fast-growing eucalyptus is facilitated.
Applying decomposed fertilizer to pine tree in 20-50 kg each year, digging ditch 0.5-1m away from the trunk, applying fertilizer into the ditch and covering with soil. Before fertilizing the pine trees, soil at the roots of the trees is loosened, and then hole fertilization is performed after the soil is loosened, so that the dissolved oxygen of the soil at the roots is increased, and the nutrient absorption of the trees is facilitated.
(4) Cutting: the fast growing eucalyptus trees can be felled after being planted for the fourth year according to the requirements, and the roots with poor sprouts are dug to implant the seedlings according to the sprouting conditions after being continuously felled for two years.
Claims (4)
1. The interplanting method of the fast-growing eucalyptus and the pine trees is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the planting steps are as follows:
(1) selecting land: selecting a land block with a deep soil layer and no water accumulation as a planting area, removing weeds and miscellaneous trees on the land block, and ploughing and loosening the soil layer;
(2) transplanting: digging holes according to plant row spacing (1.5-2) mx (5-8) m to plant fast-growing eucalyptus in the month of 2-5, digging holes according to plant row spacing 2-3m to plant a row of pine trees in the middle of the row spacing of the fast-growing eucalyptus; after planting, watering enough planting water, applying 20-25 kg of a mixture of decomposed fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer around the fast-growing eucalyptus plants and pine plants, and covering the fast-growing eucalyptus plants and the pine plants with weeds or plant straws to keep the soil moist, wherein the weight ratio of the decomposed fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is (20-25): 1 kg;
(3) planting management: after the planting, the seedlings are inspected regularly, the seedlings are found to be short, the plants are replanted in time, weeds near the roots are eradicated after 2 months of planting, the weeds in the rows do not need to be cleared up, and the weeds in the rows and the roots are gradually eliminated after the fast-growing eucalyptus and the pine grow high, so that the weeding is avoided; after planting for the second year, topdressing is carried out 2-3 months per year, special fertilizer for eucalyptus is applied to the parts, near the roots, of each fast-growing eucalyptus tree in a hole digging manner, 0.5-1kg of fertilizer is applied to the parts, and the fertilizer is applied to the holes and covered with soil; after the fast-growing eucalyptus grows to 2 m high, pruning and trimming parts below 1m, cutting a cutter edge along the trunk from top to bottom during trimming, and leaving 2-4 cm of stubbles to avoid damaging the trunk;
applying decomposed fertilizer to pine trees once a year, wherein each pine tree is 20-50 kg, when the fertilizer is applied, a ditch is formed at a position 0.5-1m away from a trunk, the fertilizer is applied to the ditch, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied;
(4) cutting: the fast growing eucalyptus trees can be felled after being planted for the fourth year according to the requirements, and the roots with poor sprouts are dug to implant the seedlings according to the sprouting conditions after being continuously felled for two years.
2. The method for interplanting fast-growing eucalyptus trees and pine trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before fertilizing the pine trees, soil at the roots of the trees is loosened, and then hole fertilization is performed after the soil is loosened, so that the dissolved oxygen of the soil at the roots is increased, and the nutrient absorption of the trees is facilitated.
3. The method for interplanting fast-growing eucalyptus trees and pine trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before topdressing for fast-growing eucalyptus, soil near the root is loosened, and then hole fertilization is performed after the soil is loosened, so that the dissolved oxygen amount of the soil at the root is increased, and the growth of the fast-growing eucalyptus is facilitated.
4. The method for interplanting fast-growing eucalyptus trees and pine trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pine tree is planted by selecting seedling of 2-3 years.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911106251.7A CN110637669A (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Interplanting method for fast-growing eucalyptus and pine trees |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911106251.7A CN110637669A (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Interplanting method for fast-growing eucalyptus and pine trees |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110637669A true CN110637669A (en) | 2020-01-03 |
Family
ID=69014634
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911106251.7A Withdrawn CN110637669A (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Interplanting method for fast-growing eucalyptus and pine trees |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110637669A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2014338866A1 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2016-06-09 | Green Digit Limited | A protective packaging delivery and growing system for seeds |
| CN106034945A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-10-26 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Method for highly efficient use of southern woodland |
| CN106577111A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 刘智聪 | Dendrolimus punctatus walker preventing and control method in artificial masson pine forest planting process |
| CN107873354A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-04-06 | 广西壮族自治区金秀瑶族自治县科学技术情报研究所 | A kind of method of forestation of high yield fast-growing Chinese fir |
-
2019
- 2019-11-13 CN CN201911106251.7A patent/CN110637669A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2014338866A1 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2016-06-09 | Green Digit Limited | A protective packaging delivery and growing system for seeds |
| CN106034945A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-10-26 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Method for highly efficient use of southern woodland |
| CN106577111A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 刘智聪 | Dendrolimus punctatus walker preventing and control method in artificial masson pine forest planting process |
| CN107873354A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-04-06 | 广西壮族自治区金秀瑶族自治县科学技术情报研究所 | A kind of method of forestation of high yield fast-growing Chinese fir |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 杨卫星: "《松桉混交种植的林木生长效应》", 《园林生态》 * |
| 颜权等: "《尾巨桉与马尾松混交林生长效应调查分析》", 《桉树科技》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103704031B (en) | Cultivation method for quick forming of top positioning grafting trellis pears | |
| CN101796911B (en) | Mulberry panicle-sprout grafting-cuttage seedling raising method | |
| CN102771273B (en) | Dwarf ulmus pumila cv.jinye ball grafting and cultivating method | |
| Maoyi et al. | Bamboo production systems and their management | |
| CN105918059A (en) | Hazelnut planting method | |
| CN104871897A (en) | Direct-inserting cultivation method of fast-growing bamboo willow | |
| CN105145231A (en) | Excellent and labor-saving train-culturing method for fruit mulberry | |
| CN103718816B (en) | Method for planting oleaster afforestation forest in saline and alkaline land | |
| CN108668754A (en) | A kind of tealeaves, passion fruit stereo cultivating method | |
| CN109757274B (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency transplanting method for momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings | |
| CN109247174B (en) | Cultivation method for mulberry fruit bearing in three seasons | |
| CN104885842A (en) | Method for cutting and breeding Taxus baccata | |
| CN107232012B (en) | Method for cultivating walnut and fruit material dual-purpose forest | |
| CN113439598A (en) | Efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and harvesting of apocarya | |
| CN111108996A (en) | Cultivation method for layering clonal tea seedlings into high-density planted tea garden twice | |
| CN106305269A (en) | Planting method for citruses | |
| CN108925330A (en) | A kind of leaf mulberry cultural method | |
| CN104488679A (en) | Acerpalmatum thunbf cuttage sapling cultivation method and formula | |
| CN111713369B (en) | Method for updating slash pine under forest stand | |
| CN110637669A (en) | Interplanting method for fast-growing eucalyptus and pine trees | |
| CN103782745A (en) | High-yield cultivation technique for southern fresh edible red jujube | |
| CN110679376A (en) | Method for planting and propagating hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou | |
| CN115024150B (en) | Cultivation method of wax Mei Qie flowers capable of being picked and cut every year | |
| CN104145726A (en) | Method for cultivating and planting Mongolia dragon spruce in Sinkiang plain terrain | |
| Ranatunga et al. | Cultivation and management of cinnamon |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20200103 |