CN110604003A - Citrus large seedling cultivation management method for improving fruiting quality and yield - Google Patents
Citrus large seedling cultivation management method for improving fruiting quality and yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN110604003A CN110604003A CN201911027362.9A CN201911027362A CN110604003A CN 110604003 A CN110604003 A CN 110604003A CN 201911027362 A CN201911027362 A CN 201911027362A CN 110604003 A CN110604003 A CN 110604003A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/04—Cloches, i.e. protective full coverings for individual plants
- A01G13/043—Cloches, i.e. protective full coverings for individual plants with flexible coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large citrus seedling cultivation management method for improving fruiting quality and yield, which comprises the following aspects of preparation of an anti-freezing cover, seedling planting and field planting time selection, management after field planting, tree vigor recovery, freezing damage prevention after field planting and the like. By adopting the method, the fruit quality and yield are greatly improved by combining other conventional technologies in the field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of citrus cultivation, in particular to a citrus large seedling cultivation management method for improving fruiting quality and yield.
Background
Citrus is a name card of Shimen, and when 60 years of establishment of new China, Shimen's citrus feeds back its Huajia Hua Christmas with abundant results, and Shimen's honor titles such as "county of Mandarin orange", "first county of early-maturing tangerine of China" and "standardized demonstration district of Mandarin orange of China" are provided. However, the northern part of Shimen county transversely spans a Huqin mountain with an altitude of 2098.7 m, and the southeast part is a Dongting lake plain with an altitude of only about 100 m, so that the southern warm air is easy to enter and difficult to exit, the rainfall is abundant, and the day and night temperature difference of hilly mountain is large, so that the illumination is sufficient. The fruits produced in the special geographical climate environment have high sugar content, are more than 10 days earlier than the same latitude variety, and have high competitiveness; however, due to the influence of the region, cold air flow in the north is difficult to enter and easy to exit, and the winter is severe cold. In the cultivation management of citrus trees, overwintering management is extremely important, and if improper management of the overwintering management is easy to cause weak sprouting capability of trees after beginning of spring, serious adverse effects are caused on later flowering and fruiting, and the trees die in serious cases. According to incomplete statistics, a large amount of citrus adult trees are frozen to death (the freezing death rate is over 50%) in Shimen county due to the cold weather at the end of 2018 years, so that serious economic loss is caused to fruit growers, and the main reason is that anti-freezing measures cannot be performed in place.
In addition, the existing citrus trees generally bear fruits for more than three years, the fruit bearing time is long, and the investment risk of fruit growers is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cultivation and management method for large citrus seedlings, which can improve the fruiting quality and yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for cultivating and managing large citrus seedlings for improving fruit bearing quality and yield comprises the following aspects:
(1) preparation of an anti-freezing cover: manufacturing an anti-freezing cover, wherein the anti-freezing cover comprises a stainless steel supporting framework and transparent tarpaulin, the stainless steel supporting framework comprises an upper framework, a plurality of telescopic supporting rods and a bottom lantern ring, the upper framework comprises two or more arc pipes which are enclosed into a whole circle, and a stainless steel annular corrugated pipe which penetrates through the two or more arc pipes and connects all the arc pipes in series, and the arc pipes slide in an annular shape relative to the annular corrugated pipe; a stainless steel telescopic supporting rod is hinged to the lower part of the outer side of each section of arc-shaped pipe, and a lantern ring is fixedly welded to the bottom of each stainless steel telescopic supporting rod; the round or square transparent tarpaulin is sewed with rubber bands at the position close to the top, the corresponding parts of the transparent tarpaulin at the outer sides of the rubber bands are respectively fixed on the corresponding arc-shaped tubes, the corresponding parts of the transparent tarpaulin are detachably connected with the outer sides of the tops and the outer sides of the middle parts of the stainless steel telescopic support rods, the allowance of the transparent tarpaulin surrounded in the rubber bands is enough to meet the maximum deformation of the annular corrugated tube, stainless steel nails are fixed on the outer edges of the transparent tarpaulin and the positions of lantern rings corresponding to the stainless steel support rods, the stainless steel nails penetrate through the corresponding lantern rings from top to bottom and then are inserted into soil to fix an anti-freezing cover, an opening is arranged at one side of the transparent tarpaulin, the opening is fully opened from top to the outer side of the rubber and from bottom to bottom, and the opening of the transparent tarpaulin is connected together by adopting a connecting band or a;
(2) and (3) field planting and field planting timing selection: selecting large citrus seedlings to be transplanted and fixedly planted in spring for 2-3 months and before and after spring tip sprouting, wherein soil is brought to roots during transplanting, and more fibrous roots are guaranteed;
(3) managing after planting: if no rain falls after the field planting, the soil is drenched once on day 2 to keep the soil moist, then drenched once every 2-3 days according to the soil humidity condition to prevent the soil from drying, and the soil is watered once per week after the field planting for one month; when the new tips are extracted to a certain length, 8-10 leaves are kept to be pinched in time so as to avoid the situation that the long branches are extracted to be unfavorable for compacting and plump the section bars of the tree crown, and the buds of the young trees are removed in time; after the first batch of buds of the citrus seedlings germinate, the diluted decomposed organic fertilizer is applied, and generally, the fertilizer is not applied until the first batch of buds of the citrus seedlings germinate and the branches and tips are aged, so that fertilizer damage is avoided; in addition, attention needs to be paid to the anti-freezing work of late spring coldness;
(4) recovering the tree vigor: after the branch tips of the first batch of buds after field planting are aged, applying fertilizers regularly, wherein the fertilizers are applied by taking water as fertilizer and taking quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers as main materials, and are applied in a frequently-applied thin mode, wherein the fertilizer is firstly applied in a thin mode and then applied in a thick mode, the phenomenon that the fertilizers are too applied in a thick mode is avoided, and foliage dressing is carried out timely to supplement trace elements;
(5) preventing freeze injury after planting:
a. preventing freezing after planting in late spring:
adopting a combination mode of ridging and ground cloth paving, wherein the height of the ridging is preferably 35cm higher than the grafting opening and higher than the ground, and the ridging needs to be opened when the air temperature is heated to more than 18 ℃ so as to prevent root necks from mildewing and rotting; then paving a breathable and moisture-preserving ground cloth on the surface of the soil around the lower part of the citrus tree, wherein a gap is reserved between the ground cloth and the ground cloth;
b. freezing prevention in winter:
regularly checking weather forecast, before a cold flow arrives, adopting an anti-freezing cover to prevent freezing of citrus trees, during operation, opening an opening of the transparent tarpaulin, adaptively adjusting the height of the telescopic support rods according to the height of the trees, fixing the positions of the two telescopic support rods far away from the opening of the transparent tarpaulin, driving stainless steel nails on the corresponding transparent tarpaulin into soil, fixing the positions of the two telescopic support rods close to the opening of the transparent tarpaulin, driving the corresponding stainless steel nails on the transparent tarpaulin into the soil after the stainless steel nails penetrate through the lantern ring, and finally closing the opening of the transparent tarpaulin; in addition, the opening of the transparent tarpaulin is opened when the tree is clear after freezing, and particularly water is sprayed to the tree crown in time at 10-11 am after frost after snow occurs, 1 time per day and 2-3 times continuously, clean water is sprayed for the first time, and thin foliar fertilizer is sprayed for the second time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the large seedlings are selected and transplanted in spring, so that the period required by fruit bearing can be reduced, and fruit bearing can be realized in the first year generally;
2. management after planting and restoration of the tree vigor after transplanting are carried out, so that the survival rate of transplanting is effectively improved, the growth vigor of the large-seedling citrus trees is stabilized, and a foundation is laid for later fruiting;
3. the survival rate of the citrus trees is effectively improved by the anti-freezing treatment in late spring and winter after planting;
4. the anti-freezing cover is specially made, so that the anti-freezing cover is convenient to operate, is suitable for uneven ground, and plays a good role in preventing freezing.
By adopting the method, the fruit bearing quality and the yield are greatly improved by combining other conventional technologies in the field (under the same conditions, the yield can be improved by about 15 percent).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention and the structure of the transparent tarpaulin
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the stainless steel support frame of the present invention
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the upper frame of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further elucidated with reference to specific embodiments.
Example one
The method for cultivating and managing the large citrus seedlings for improving the fruit bearing quality and the yield comprises the following aspects:
(1) preparation of an anti-freezing cover: preparing materials such as transparent plastic tarpaulin 4 and stainless steel telescopic support rods, and manufacturing an anti-freezing cover, wherein the anti-freezing cover comprises a stainless steel support framework and transparent tarpaulin covered outside the stainless steel support framework as shown in figures 1-3, the stainless steel support framework comprises an upper framework 1, four telescopic support rods 2 and a bottom lantern ring 3, the upper framework 1 is a four-section arc-shaped pipe 1.1 which is enclosed into a whole circle, and a stainless steel annular corrugated pipe 1.2 which penetrates through the four-section arc-shaped pipe 1.1 and connects the four-section arc-shaped pipe 1.1 in series, and the arc-shaped pipe 1.1 slides annularly relative to the annular corrugated pipe 1.2; a stainless steel telescopic support rod 2 is hinged to the lower part of the outer side of each section of arc-shaped pipe 1.1, and a lantern ring 3 is welded and fixed at the bottom of each stainless steel telescopic support rod 2; a rubber band 5 is sewed on the position of the round or square transparent tarpaulin 4 close to the top, the corresponding parts of the transparent tarpaulin 4 positioned at the outer side of the rubber band 5 are respectively fixed on the four sections of arc-shaped tubes 1.1, the corresponding parts of the transparent tarpaulin 4 are connected with the outer sides of the top and the middle of the four stainless steel telescopic supporting rods 2, the allowance of the transparent tarpaulin surrounded in the rubber band 5 is enough to meet the maximum deformation of the annular corrugated pipe 1.2, stainless steel nails 6 are fixed on the outer edge of the transparent tarpaulin 4 and the positions corresponding to the lantern rings 3 of the four stainless steel support rods 2, the stainless steel nails 6 penetrate through the corresponding lantern rings 3 from top to bottom and then are inserted into the soil to fix the anti-freezing cover, one side of the transparent tarpaulin 4 is provided with an opening, the opening is arranged from the upper part to the outer side of the rubber band 5, and the lower part of the opening is fully opened, and the opening of the transparent tarpaulin 4 adopts a connecting belt or a zipper 7 to connect the transparent tarpaulin parts at the two sides of the opening together;
(2) and (3) field planting and field planting timing selection: selecting large citrus seedlings to be transplanted and fixedly planted in spring for 2-3 months and before and after spring tip sprouting, wherein soil is brought to roots during transplanting, and more fibrous roots are guaranteed;
(3) managing after planting: if no rain falls after the field planting, the soil is drenched once on day 2 to keep the soil moist, then drenched once every 2-3 days according to the soil humidity condition to prevent the soil from drying, and the soil is watered once per week after the field planting for one month; when the new tips are extracted to a certain length, 8-10 leaves are kept to be pinched in time so as to avoid the situation that the long branches are extracted to be unfavorable for compacting and plump the section bars of the tree crown, and the buds of the young trees are removed in time; after the first batch of buds of the citrus seedlings germinate, the diluted decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied, and the fertilizer is not suitable to be applied before the first batch of buds of the general seedlings germinate to the mature branch tips so as to avoid fertilizer damage; in addition, attention needs to be paid to the anti-freezing work of late spring coldness;
(4) recovering the tree vigor: after the branch tips of the first batch of buds after field planting are aged, applying fertilizers regularly, wherein the fertilizers are applied by taking water as fertilizer and taking quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers as main materials, and are applied in a frequently-applied thin mode, wherein the fertilizer is firstly applied in a thin mode and then applied in a thick mode, the phenomenon that the fertilizers are too applied in a thick mode is avoided, and foliage dressing is carried out timely to supplement trace elements;
(5) preventing freeze injury after planting:
1. preventing freezing after planting in late spring:
adopting a combination mode of ridging and ground cloth paving, wherein the height of the ridging is preferably 35cm higher than the grafting opening and higher than the ground, and the ridging needs to be opened when the air temperature is heated to more than 18 ℃ so as to prevent root necks from mildewing and rotting; then paving a breathable and moisture-preserving ground cloth on the surface of the soil around the lower part of the citrus tree, wherein a gap is reserved between the ground cloth and the ground cloth;
2. freezing prevention in winter:
regularly checking weather forecast, before a cold flow arrives, adopting an anti-freezing cover to prevent freezing of citrus trees, during operation, opening an opening of the transparent tarpaulin, adaptively adjusting the height of the telescopic support rods according to the height of the trees, fixing the positions of the two telescopic support rods far away from the opening of the transparent tarpaulin, driving stainless steel nails on the corresponding transparent tarpaulin into soil, fixing the positions of the two telescopic support rods close to the opening of the transparent tarpaulin, driving the corresponding stainless steel nails on the transparent tarpaulin into the soil after the stainless steel nails penetrate through the lantern ring, and finally closing the opening of the transparent tarpaulin; in addition, the opening of the transparent tarpaulin is opened when the water is clear after freezing, and particularly, the water is sprayed to the tree crowns in time at 10-11 am after frost after snow occurs, 1 time per day and 2-3 times continuously, clean water is sprayed for the first time, fresh urine with the concentration of 3-5 percent and thin leaf fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate leaching solution with the concentration of 0.2-0.5 percent are sprayed for the second time.
Example two
The following differences are the same as in the first embodiment:
the telescopic support rods 2 of the embodiment are three, the bottom lantern ring 3 is three, the arc-shaped tube is three, and the stainless steel nails are also three. And when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃ in winter, the anti-freezing cover can be used, and the opening is opened periodically for fertilizing or spraying water.
Claims (2)
1. A method for cultivating and managing large citrus seedlings for improving fruit bearing quality and yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of an anti-freezing cover: manufacturing an anti-freezing cover, wherein the anti-freezing cover comprises a stainless steel supporting framework and transparent tarpaulin, the stainless steel supporting framework comprises an upper framework, a plurality of telescopic supporting rods and a bottom lantern ring, the upper framework comprises two or more arc pipes which are enclosed into a whole circle, and a stainless steel annular corrugated pipe which penetrates through the two or more arc pipes and connects all the arc pipes in series, and the arc pipes slide in an annular shape relative to the annular corrugated pipe; a stainless steel telescopic supporting rod is hinged to the lower part of the outer side of each section of arc-shaped pipe, and a lantern ring is fixedly welded to the bottom of each stainless steel telescopic supporting rod; the round or square transparent tarpaulin is sewed with rubber bands at the position close to the top, the corresponding parts of the transparent tarpaulin at the outer sides of the rubber bands are respectively fixed on the corresponding arc-shaped tubes, the corresponding parts of the transparent tarpaulin are detachably connected with the outer sides of the tops and the outer sides of the middle parts of the stainless steel telescopic support rods, the allowance of the transparent tarpaulin surrounded in the rubber bands is enough to meet the maximum deformation of the annular corrugated tube, stainless steel nails are fixed on the outer edges of the transparent tarpaulin and the positions of lantern rings corresponding to the stainless steel support rods, the stainless steel nails penetrate through the corresponding lantern rings from top to bottom and then are inserted into soil to fix an anti-freezing cover, an opening is arranged at one side of the transparent tarpaulin, the opening is fully opened from top to the outer side of the rubber and from bottom to bottom, and the opening of the transparent tarpaulin is connected together by adopting a connecting band or a;
(2) and (3) field planting and field planting timing selection: selecting large citrus seedlings to be transplanted and fixedly planted in spring for 2-3 months and before and after spring tip sprouting, wherein soil is brought to roots during transplanting, and more fibrous roots are guaranteed;
(3) managing after planting: if no rain falls after the field planting, the soil is drenched once on day 2 to keep the soil moist, then drenched once every 2-3 days according to the soil humidity condition to prevent the soil from drying, and the soil is watered once per week after the field planting for one month; when the new tips are extracted to a certain length, 8-10 leaves are kept to be pinched in time so as to avoid the situation that the long branches are extracted to be unfavorable for compacting and plump the section bars of the tree crown, and the buds of the young trees are removed in time; after the first batch of buds of the citrus seedlings germinate, the diluted decomposed organic fertilizer is applied, and generally, the fertilizer is not applied until the first batch of buds of the citrus seedlings germinate and the branches and tips are aged, so that fertilizer damage is avoided; in addition, attention needs to be paid to the anti-freezing work of late spring coldness;
(4) recovering the tree vigor: after the branch tips of the first batch of buds after field planting are aged, applying fertilizers regularly, wherein the fertilizers are applied by taking water as fertilizer and taking quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers as main materials, and are applied in a frequently-applied thin mode, wherein the fertilizer is firstly applied in a thin mode and then applied in a thick mode, the phenomenon that the fertilizers are too applied in a thick mode is avoided, and foliage dressing is carried out timely to supplement trace elements;
(5) preventing freeze injury after planting:
a. preventing freezing after planting in late spring:
adopting a combination mode of ridging and ground cloth paving, wherein the height of the ridging is preferably 35cm higher than the grafting opening and higher than the ground, and the ridging needs to be opened when the air temperature is heated to more than 18 ℃ so as to prevent root necks from mildewing and rotting; then paving a breathable and moisture-preserving ground cloth on the surface of the soil around the lower part of the citrus tree, wherein a gap is reserved between the ground cloth and the ground cloth;
b. freezing prevention in winter:
regularly checking weather forecast, before a cold flow arrives, adopting an anti-freezing cover to prevent freezing of citrus trees, during operation, opening an opening of the transparent tarpaulin, adaptively adjusting the height of the telescopic support rods according to the height of the trees, fixing the positions of the two telescopic support rods far away from the opening of the transparent tarpaulin, driving stainless steel nails on the corresponding transparent tarpaulin into soil, fixing the positions of the two telescopic support rods close to the opening of the transparent tarpaulin, driving the corresponding stainless steel nails on the transparent tarpaulin into the soil after the stainless steel nails penetrate through the lantern ring, and finally closing the opening of the transparent tarpaulin; in addition, the opening of the transparent tarpaulin is opened when the tree is clear after freezing, and particularly water is sprayed to the tree crown in time at 10-11 am after frost after snow occurs, 1 time per day and 2-3 times continuously, clean water is sprayed for the first time, and thin foliar fertilizer is sprayed for the second time.
2. The method for cultivating and managing the large citrus seedlings with the improved fruiting quality and yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anti-freezing cover is covered on the citrus trees for use when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃ in winter, and the opening is opened periodically for fertilizing or spraying water.
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| 张天柱 著: "《南果北种技术》", 30 June 2016 * |
| 曾令达 著: "《春甜橘优质丰产栽培彩色图说》", 31 May 2017 * |
| 蒋迎春等: "《柑橘标准化生产技术》", 28 February 2010, 武汉理工大学出版社 * |
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