CN115606430A

CN115606430A - Cold-proof rain-sheltering and sun-burning-preventing pomegranate cultivation cold shed and process

Info

Publication number: CN115606430A
Application number: CN202211408547.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侯乐峰; 郝兆祥; 罗华; 毕润霞; 赵丽娜; 陈颖; 王艳芹; 颜廷峰; 沈伟; 李体松; 褚莉; 刘浩然
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-11-10
Filing date: 2022-11-10
Publication date: 2023-01-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a cold-proof rain-sheltering and sun-burning-preventing pomegranate cultivation cold shed and a process, which comprise a frame body, upright posts, cross beams, arch rods, a base, connecting rods, a main rolling rod, an auxiliary rolling rod, a tension spring, a film rolling device, a clamping groove, a main film rolling rod, a retractable arch film, an auxiliary film rolling rod, a fixed arch film, a skirt film, a greenhouse film and a binding part, wherein the frame body is composed of the upright posts, the cross beams and the arch rods, the bottom of each upright post is respectively fixed with the base, each frame body is connected through a plurality of connecting rods, and the front part and the rear part of the outermost side of the frame body are respectively hinged with the main rolling rod. According to the invention, the functions of cold protection, rain protection and sun burning prevention can be realized by timely winding and unwinding the retractable arch film and the skirt film, the lower support rod can be rotated by meshing the worm wheel and the worm through manually rotating the rocking handle, so that the film pressing line can be tensioned or loosened by using the stranded wire rod, and the film pressing line during tensioning can compress the greenhouse film, thereby preventing the greenhouse film from being separated from the frame body.

Description

Cold-proof rain-sheltering and sun-burning-preventing pomegranate cultivation cold shed and process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of pomegranate cultivation, in particular to a cold-proof, rain-proof and sun burning proof pomegranate cultivation cold shed and a process.

Background

Pomegranate is a good fruit tree which integrates economic, ecological and social benefits, fresh eating, processing, viewing, eating, health care and medical functions. With the development of modern medicine, the understanding of human on the nutrition, health care and medical value of pomegranate is gradually improved, and the pomegranate is recognized as 'functional fruit' and 'super fruit' at home and abroad and is known as 'natural medicine in the 21 st century'. Therefore, the demand of consumers for the pomegranate is increasing day by day, and the pomegranate planting industry is developing rapidly.

Although the pomegranate has strong adaptability, the requirements on climate, soil and the like are strict. In the world, the suitable places for planting the pomegranate are few. China has a very limited development space due to various reasons such as climate, soil, moisture and the like, and the pomegranate is still a rare and rare fruit in short supply in a long period in the future.

The pomegranate originally produced in Balgan peninsula to Iran and Afghanistan and the adjacent areas thereof are fond of heat and aversion to cold, dry and wet, sand and sticky. In northern pomegranate production areas of China (including all of Longnan of Gansu, guanzhong of Shaanxi, southern of Shanxi and Henan, southern of yellow river of Shandong, and traditional pomegranate production areas in northern China such as Anhui, qinling of Jiangsu and Huaihe of Qinling of China) most of the pomegranate production areas are cultivated in open fields, are greatly influenced by natural factors, particularly are easy to cause pomegranate freezing injury when the temperature suddenly changes or is abnormally low in three seasons of autumn, winter and spring, and become the largest barrier factor for pomegranate production in northern China. Meanwhile, due to the increase of abnormal climate, various diseases and sunburn of pomegranate fruits also become prominent problems in the healthy development of pomegranate planting industry in northern China. Therefore, effective measures are taken in the vast northern pomegranate production areas in China to reduce the occurrence of freeze injury, diseases and the like, and the method is an important problem to be researched and solved urgently in pomegranate production.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pomegranate cold-proof, rain-proof and sun burning prevention cultivation cold shed and a process, which aim to solve the technical problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a pomegranate winter protection is kept out rain and is prevented sun burning cultivation cold shed, includes support body, stand, crossbeam, arch bar, base, connecting rod, main roll-up pole, vice roll-up pole, extension spring, film rolling device, draw-in groove, main roll-up membrane pole, can receive and release arched film, vice roll-up membrane pole, fixed arched film, skirt membrane, big-arch shelter film, constraint part, the support body comprises stand, crossbeam and arch bar, and each stand bottom is fixed with the base respectively, and each support body is connected through a plurality of connecting rods, two parts are respectively articulated to have main roll-up pole around the support body outside, and each main roll-up pole sliding connection has vice roll-up pole respectively, and each vice roll-up pole end is fixed with the extension spring respectively, and the other end of each extension spring is fixed with the main roll-up pole inner wall, and two parts are fixed with the draw-in groove around each support body top respectively, install main roll-up membrane pole between two film rolling devices in the front portion of support body and between two film rolling devices at support body rear portion, two arch film rolling device outer walls are fixed with the retractable arch film rolling device around the skirt membrane end respectively, two fixed with the common fixed the front and two fixed the front and back the corner of the support body are installed the corner of the skirt membrane respectively, the frame body, the support body is installed the common the arch bar and the common the front and is installed the two is fixed with the thin-up membrane clamping groove, the front and is installed the corner of the arch bar, the corner of the side, the two is installed the arch film rolling up the corner of each is installed respectively, the arch bar, the common.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the binding part comprises a main bearing seat, auxiliary bearing seats, lower supporting rods, limiting strips, stranded wire rods, tightening bolts, turbines, a box body, worms, rocking handles, upper supporting rods and wire binding rods, the top ends of the bases at the forefront part and the rearmost part of the frame body are respectively fixed with the main bearing seat and the auxiliary bearing seats, the two main bearing seats are symmetrically arranged in the front and back direction, each auxiliary bearing seat is symmetrically arranged in the front and back direction and in the left and right direction, the lower supporting rods are respectively and rotatably connected between the two main bearing seats and the auxiliary bearing seats, the middle parts of the outer walls of the lower supporting rods are respectively fixed with the limiting strips, each lower supporting rod is respectively and axially and slidably connected with the plurality of stranded wire rods through the limiting strips, the bottom of each stranded wire rod is respectively and threadedly connected with the tightening bolts, each lower supporting rod is respectively and fixedly provided with the turbines, each auxiliary bearing seat is respectively and fixedly provided with the box body, the upper part of each box body is respectively and rotatably connected with the worms, each worm is respectively and fixedly provided with the rocking handle, the top end of each frame body is jointly and fixedly provided with the upper supporting rods.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the puller bolt can contact with the outer wall of the lower support rod, the stranded wire rod can be limited at different positions of the lower support rod by screwing the puller bolt, each the stranded wire rod is respectively connected with the film pressing line, each the end part of the film pressing line is respectively connected with the stranded wire rod, two the main film rolling rod is always in contact with the outer wall of the frame body under the action of the elastic tension of the tension spring, each film pressing line is located the main film rolling rod, the retractable arch film, the auxiliary film rolling rod, the fixed arch film and the skirt film outer side, and the turbine is meshed with the worm.

The pomegranate cultivation method for preventing cold, rain and sun burn comprises the following steps: building a garden, selecting a garden: the garden should be built in a place with high topography, convenient drainage, convenient irrigation, permeable soil and good ventilation;

planning a garden: the field road is perfected before the garden is built, the irrigation and drainage system is perfected, and the garden can be built by planting along contour lines in the land with the gradient below 15 degrees; constructing terraced fields and then constructing a garden with the gradient of 15-25 degrees; variety selection: selecting varieties which are suitable for local conditions and have good quality, paying attention to the collocation of pollinated varieties and varieties in different maturation periods; land preparation: before planting, ploughing and leveling the garden, applying 4000kg of organic fertilizer every 666.7 square meters in combination with soil preparation, and if the soil is heavy, doping sand and additionally applying the organic fertilizer so as to improve the soil; planting: the method includes advocating spring planting, building a garden with large seedlings with height of 1.8m and ground diameter of more than 1.5cm, operating pure forest, planting rows with row spacing of 2-2.5 m multiplied by 4-5 m, digging ditches among rows, forming ridges in rows, determining depth and height according to terrain, planting densely and thinning, reforming the garden step by step, digging 1m square planting holes during planting, spreading root systems during planting, filling surface soil and bottom soil, stepping up in layers, planting depth being proper when the seedlings are out of the garden, watering root water after planting, keeping soil moist, paying attention to intertillage and weeding in growing seasons, reducing influence of weeds on young pomegranate trees, and promoting robust growth of the young pomegranate trees.

Soil, fertilizer and water management and soil management: in an orchard with poor soil structure, soil is deeply turned over except soil replacement and a large amount of organic fertilizers, the deep turning is performed by combining organic fertilizers applied in autumn, roots are damaged as few as possible during deep turning, water is fully irrigated after turning, tree tray ridging is performed, the tree tray ridging can thicken a live soil layer, root growth is facilitated, root distribution is deepened, and meanwhile the cold resistance and the freezing resistance of the root system can be improved. Generally, clay is preferably cultivated in the sandy beach land and loam is preferably cultivated in the hilly land in the late autumn and early winter, and the soil is regularly ploughed after the hilly land is cultivated, so that the effect of improving the soil structure is also achieved;

intertillage weeding: the growth period of the pomegranate trees needs to be carried out for multiple times, so that the soil is loosened, the ventilation condition of the soil is improved, the evaporation of the water in the soil is prevented, the intertillage is shallow and 5-8 cm deep, the intertillage is carried out in time after raining, the soil is prevented from hardening, and the water storage and retention capacity is enhanced;

intercropping and covering: intercropping in a howitzer; in thin planting gardeners, especially young trees and initial bearing gardeners, idle land is utilized for reasonable intercropping, land and light energy can be fully utilized, the effects of maintaining water and soil, inhibiting weeds, preventing wind and fixing sand and cultivating the gardeners can be achieved, crops suitable for intercropping in the gardeners comprise shallow-rooted short-stalk crops such as beans and melons, sufficient base fertilizer is applied during intercropping, and management is enhanced. Cheng Ling the howitzer is best for intercropping green manure crops such as vetch, alfalfa, mung bean and the like, so that the organic matter content of the howitzer soil is increased, the soil structure is improved, and the soil fertility is improved;

covering the grenade garden: the covering of the durian garden has the functions of water retention, temperature increase and weeding, and the method comprises the steps of gardening ground cloth covering, grass covering and grass growing covering;

fertilizer management: the fertilizer application principle uses organic fertilizer as main, inorganic fertilizer as supplementary, and the fertilizer that fertilizies does not reply orchard environment, fruit quality production harmful effects, fertilization kind and quantity: the base fertilizer is a basic fertilizer for supplying tree nutrients for a long period of one year, mainly delayed organic fertilizer is used, a small amount of quick-acting chemical fertilizer is mixed to increase the fertilizer efficiency and avoid nutrient loss, the organic fertilizer such as crop straws, compost, green manure, ring fertilizer and the like can increase the content of organic matters in soil, improve the soil structure and improve the soil fertility, and the square meter of every 666.7 is not less than 1500kg;

topdressing: applying a proper amount of inorganic fertilizer in the growing season, determining the time, frequency and quantity of topdressing according to the growth condition of pomegranate trees, and topdressing 3 times in a general pomegranate orchard in 1 year, namely: pre-flowering fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer; the young fruit expanding fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are mixed and applied; in the later growth period of the fruits, the potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and the fertilizing amount is applied according to the yield of 1/10-2/10 on the basis of applying enough base fertilizer; topdressing outside roots: 4-5 times per year, 2 times in the early stage of growth generally, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer; in the later period of 2-3 times, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are taken as main fertilizers, and trace elements are applied according to the situation; the types and the use concentrations of the common fertilizers are as follows: 0.5 percent of urea, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of borax and 20 days before fruit harvest, stopping topdressing outside roots;

water content management: the method is characterized in that proper irrigation is carried out in good time according to different soil conditions, weather and variety characteristics, the irrigation is generally carried out for 3 times every year, the irrigation is carried out at the stage mainly before and after germination, the irrigation is favorable for root system water absorption, the germination of trees and the rapid growth of young shoots are promoted, the fruit setting rate is improved, if the drought is serious, after the germination water is irrigated, the water is preferably preserved in a mode of covering a plastic film, the pomegranate is long in flowering phase, and the first-crop flowers, the second-crop flowers and the third-crop flowers consume more water, so that the fruit setting is promoted, the normal development of young fruits is promoted, the irrigation can be carried out when the first-crop fruits and the second-crop fruits start to expand, and the method is very important for promoting the development of pomegranate fruits. Irrigation is carried out before soil is frozen, so that the growth of root systems can be promoted, the absorption and utilization of the root systems to fertilizers can be enhanced, and the cold resistance, the freezing resistance and the spring drought resistance of the tree body can be improved;

shaping and pruning, changing a multi-trunk tree form into a single-trunk tree form, and according to the growth fruiting habit of pomegranate trees, using a method for planting and shaping fruit trees such as apples, pears, chinese dates and the like for reference, planting and shaping by adopting single-trunk tree forms such as a trunk sparse layer form, a small-crown sparse layer form, a spindle form and the like, wherein the method is simple to operate, can be shaped in three years, can realize high yield in five years, has good ventilation and light transmission of a pomegranate orchard, and is convenient to manage; the method changes a pyramid tree form into an inverted pyramid or umbrella tree form, pomegranate seedlings are fixed to be dry at 80-100 cm after being planted, branches sprouting in spring at cut parts are reserved in principle, then the inverted pyramid tree form is developed and cultured in a light-shearing and labor-saving direction, the most ideal tree form after single plant forming is the inverted pyramid or umbrella shape no matter what tree form is formed, the tree form is favorable for shading pomegranate fruits and can effectively prevent pomegranate sunscald, four-season pruning is changed into the mode that summer pruning is mainly performed and spring pruning is assisted, due to the fact that pomegranate trees are sensitive to pruning reaction, sprouts at cut parts are increased after winter and spring pruning, contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the pomegranate trees are aggravated, fruit setting is influenced, illumination is deteriorated, quality is reduced, labor pruning in spring, summer and autumn is increased, and modern pomegranate production is more focused on summer pruning control. Therefore, the traditional winter and spring pruning is completely abandoned, branches such as crossing, overlapping and opposite growing are properly thinned and removed in spring, branches such as drooping, diseases and insects, withering and growing are properly cut or retracted, nutrition is concentrated, the flower thinning and fruit thinning effects can be achieved, and summer pruning mainly based on branch thinning, branch rolling and sprout removing is mainly performed once from the early 8 months after the physiological fruit dropping of the pomegranate; the method changes 'bracing, pulling and twisting ring, cutting, stripping, binding, twisting and picking' into 'stripping branch, thinning branch and sprout removal', fully utilizes the advantages of 'good toughness and strong plasticity' of pomegranate branches, adjusts the angle and direction of branches to be kept according to the 'stripping branch' according to the shaping requirement at the early lignification stage of the pomegranate branches, thins redundant branches, and ensures that pomegranate fruits are in a 'dense-top-thin-bottom-dense-inside-thin' state in the whole growth period by shaping and trimming so as to prevent 'pomegranate sunscald disease';

the management of flowers and fruits of pomegranate trees has large flower quantity, and more flowers, flowers and flowers are generated, so that the phenomena of fruits with two flowers, three flowers and more fruits are common, and the adjustment of fruit load in production is mainly completed by two ways: firstly, flower and fruit retention is realized; secondly, flower and fruit thinning. Flower and fruit retention: the pomegranate tree has large flower quantity, when the flower season is rainy and the temperature is lower than 29 ℃, serious flower and fruit dropping can occur, and the main measures for improving the fruit setting rate of the pomegranate tree are that the vegetative growth is inhibited: before pomegranate blooms, measures such as pinching, bud removal, tip twisting and the like are mainly implemented to promote the growth of pomegranate flower organs, improve the rate of complete flowers and promote fruit setting; topdressing before flowers and watering: in the peak period of growth of the young shoots, a tree body needs a large amount of nutrients and needs to be supplemented in time to promote the vegetative growth, enhance the photosynthesis and increase the number of normal flowers. In the period, the additional fertilization of nitrogen fertilizer is mainly performed in combination with the application of phosphate fertilizer, and the additional fertilization amount is increased for the aged trees and the big trees with excessive fruits; little or no nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to over-vigorous growing saplings and vigorous trees during top dressing so as to avoid the excessive growth of branches and leaves and aggravation of flower and fruit dropping, and watering is carried out in time after top dressing;

spraying trace elements: spraying 0.2% of borax or boric acid in the flowering period, and spraying 0.2% of organic quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in cooperation, so that pollen germination and pollen tube elongation can be promoted, full fertilization can be facilitated, and fruit setting rate can be obviously improved; artificial supplementary pollination is adopted, under the condition of bad weather, the activity of insects is limited, and the artificial supplementary pollination can be adopted to promote pollination and increase fruit setting; bee is put in the orchard: honeybees are good media for pollination, and bee releasing in the pomegranate flowering phase can promote pollination and increase fruit setting;

and (3) pest control: the method is an important measure for protecting flowers and fruits by preventing and treating dichocrocis punctiferalis in the young fruit expansion period in time; flower and fruit thinning: reasonable flower thinning and fruit thinning can ensure high yield and stable yield in successive years, improve the fruit quality, ensure the robust growth of trees, improve the nutrient storage level of the trees, enhance the cold resistance and disease resistance of the trees, carry out flower thinning, fruit thinning and fruit setting in several times, lead the early maturing variety to be early maturing, lead the middle and late maturing variety to be delayed for several days, lead the variety with high fruit setting rate to be sparse, lead the variety with low fruit setting rate to be sparse less or lead the fruit thinning to be not thinning, lead the fruit thinning to be better removed manually, can consider other methods for flower thinning and fruit thinning when the labor is extremely deficient, lead the strong trees and the strong branches to be more remained, lead the weak trees and the weak branches to be less remained, lead the temporary branches to be more remained, lead the permanent bone branches to be less remained, and lead the weight of the single fruit to be averaged, uniformly reserving fruits on fruit branches according to a certain distance, generally 1 fruit can be reserved on the average of 30cm, the spacing between large-sized fruits can be slightly larger, the spacing between medium-sized fruits is properly smaller, young trees are reserved less, grown trees are reserved more, aged trees are reserved less, flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out earlier, more stored nutrients are saved, the growth of trees and fruits is more beneficial, the buds can be thinned and flower thinned from the moment when normal buds and degraded buds can be distinguished by naked eyes to the end of a full-bloom period, after young fruits are stable, fruit thinning is carried out according to the number of fruit setting and fruit setting positions, the fruit reserving amount is 15-20% more than the theoretical fruit reserving amount, and finally, fruit setting is carried out according to the distribution condition of fruits on tree crowns;

flower and fruit thinning: firstly, removing degraded buds and flowers with smaller shapes, keeping normal flowers, particularly removing flowers and fruits on the upper part and the periphery of a crown, and keeping more buds, flowers and young fruits on the lower part of the crown and an inner bore of the crown so as to save the nutrition of a tree body; fruit management: after flower thinning and fruit thinning are finished, fruit fixing is carried out when the fruit turns green from a calyx tube and the fruit begins to swell, when the fruit fixing is carried out, firstly, insect-resistant fruits and malformed fruits are thinned, first-stubble fruits are selected and remained, second-stubble fruits are remained, third-stubble fruits and last-stubble fruits are thinned, and finally, the number of the fruits to be fixed is reasonably distributed according to the size and the strength of main branches, so that fruit dropping caused by plant diseases and insect pests, mechanical damage and natural disaster is avoided, the number of the fruits to be left is more than the theoretical number, and the calculation is not carried out on each plant, and as long as a plurality of plants are made, the number of the fruits is the number, the whole garden can be paved, and a reflective film is laid: the reflective film is laid under the tree, so that the lighting conditions of the lower part of the crown and the inner chamber are improved except for the effects of inhibiting weeds and keeping moisture, and the full red and high-quality fresh pomegranate fruits are produced.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the invention, the functions of cold protection, rain protection and sun burning prevention can be realized by timely winding and unwinding the retractable arch film and the skirt film, the lower support rod can be rotated by meshing the worm wheel and the worm through manually rotating the rocking handle, so that the film pressing line can be tensioned or loosened by using the stranded wire rod, the greenhouse film can be compressed by the stretched film pressing line, the greenhouse film is prevented from being separated from the frame body, the friction force between the retractable arch film and the film pressing line when the retractable arch film is wound and unwound can be reduced by the loosened film pressing line, the winding and unwinding of the retractable arch film are facilitated, the abrasion to the retractable arch film can be reduced, and the service life of the retractable arch film is prolonged.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the matching of the auxiliary film rolling rod and the clamping groove.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the auxiliary winding rod and the main winding rod of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the combination of the cable bar and the lower support bar according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. the greenhouse film winding frame comprises a frame body, 101, columns, 102, beams, 103, arch rods, 104, a base, 105, connecting rods, 5, main winding rods, 6, auxiliary winding rods, 7, tension springs, 8, film winders, 9, clamping grooves, 10, main winding rods, 11, retractable arch films, 12, auxiliary winding rods, 13, fixed arch films, 14, skirt films, 15, greenhouse films, 16, binding parts, 17, main bearing seats, 18, auxiliary bearing seats, 19, lower supporting rods, 20, limiting strips, 21, stranded wire rods, 22, tightening bolts, 23, turbines, 24, a box body, 25, worms, 26, rocking handles, 27, upper supporting rods, 28, stranded wire rods, 29 and film pressing wires.

Detailed Description

The invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1-4, a pomegranate cold shed for cultivating pomegranate for keeping out cold, rain and sun burning comprises a frame body 1, upright posts 101, a beam 102, arch bars 103, a base 104, connecting rods 105, a main rolling rod 5, auxiliary rolling rods 6, tension springs 7, film rolling devices 8, a clamping groove 9, a main film rolling rod 10, a retractable arch film 11, an auxiliary film rolling rod 12, a fixed arch film 13, a skirt film 14, a greenhouse film 15 and a binding part 16, wherein the frame body 1 is composed of upright posts 101, beams 102 and arch bars 103, the bottom of each upright post 101 is respectively fixed with the base 104, each frame body 1 is connected with the connecting rods 105, the front part and the rear part of the outermost side of the frame body 1 are respectively hinged with the main rolling rods 5, each main rolling rod 5 is respectively connected with the auxiliary rolling rods 6 in a sliding manner, the tension springs 7 are respectively fixed at the tail ends of the auxiliary rolling rods 6, and the film rolling devices 8 are respectively fixed at the other ends, the tail end of each tension spring 7 is fixed with the inner wall of a main winding rod 5, the front part and the rear part of the top end of each frame body 1 are respectively fixed with a clamping groove 9, a main winding rod 10 is respectively arranged between two winding devices 8 at the front part of the frame body 1 and between two winding devices 8 at the rear part of the frame body 1, the outer wall of each main winding rod 10 is respectively wound with a retractable arch membrane 11, the tail end of each retractable arch membrane 11 is respectively fixed with an auxiliary winding rod 12, the two auxiliary winding rods 12 are respectively buckled with the clamping grooves 9, the top end of each frame body 1 is jointly fixed with a fixed arch membrane 13, the front end and the rear end of each frame body 1 and the outermost side of the frame body 1 are respectively provided with a skirt membrane 14, the retractable arch membrane 11, the fixed arch membrane 13 and the skirt membrane 14 jointly form a greenhouse membrane 15, and the front end and the rear end of each frame body 1 are jointly provided with a binding part 16.

The binding part 16 comprises a main bearing seat 17, an auxiliary bearing seat 18, a lower support rod 19, a limiting strip 20, a twisted wire rod 21, a tightening bolt 22, a worm wheel 23, a box body 24, a worm 25, a rocking handle 26, an upper support rod 27 and a wire bundling rod 28, the main bearing seat 17 and the auxiliary bearing seat 18 are respectively fixed at the top ends of the most front and the most rear bases 104 of the frame body 1, the two main bearing seats 17 are symmetrically arranged in front and back, each auxiliary bearing seat 18 is symmetrically arranged in front and back and left and right, the lower support rod 19 is respectively and rotatably connected between the two main bearing seats 17 and the auxiliary bearing seat 18, the limiting strip 20 is respectively fixed at the middle part of the outer wall of each lower support rod 19, each lower support rod 19 is respectively and rotatably connected with a plurality of twisted wire rods 21 through the limiting strip 20, the tightening bolt 22 is respectively and threadedly connected to the bottom of each twisted wire rod 21, the worm wheel 23 is respectively and fixed to each lower support rod 19, the box body 24 is respectively and the upper support rod 27 and the upper support rod 28 are respectively and rotatably connected to the worm 25, the rocking handle 26, the top ends of the frame body 1 and the upper support rod 27 are jointly and the wire bundling rod 28.

The puller bolt 22 can contact with 19 outer walls of lower support bar, the stranded conductor pole 21 can restrict different positions department at 19 lower support bar through screwing up the puller bolt 22, each the stranded conductor pole 21 is connected with press mold line 29 respectively, each press mold line 29 tip is connected with bunch pole 28 respectively, two main roll of diaphragm rod 10 contacts with 1 outer wall of support body all the time under the effect of the elastic tension of extension spring 7, and each press mold line 29 all is located main roll of diaphragm rod 10, can receive and release arched film 11, vice roll of diaphragm rod 12, fixed arched film 13 and the skirt membrane 14 outside, turbine 23 meshes with worm 25 mutually.

The producers should master the use knowledge of the steel pipe plastic greenhouse and pay attention to the local weather change; flammable and explosive articles cannot be stored inside and outside the steel pipe plastic greenhouse; the greenhouse film 15 is often in a taut state; accumulated water and accumulated snow can be removed in time after rain and snow; regularly checking the fastening fittings of the steel pipe greenhouse; the related fasteners are timely reinforced before strong wind, snow and rainstorm come, and the film pressing line 29 is tensioned; and repairing the damaged greenhouse film 15 in time.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: adjusting the temperature, namely installing the retractable arch membrane 11 before winter, and installing the skirt membrane 14 when winter begins; the greenhouse is ventilated and cooled in sunny days, so that pomegranate trees in the greenhouse do not sprout before spring festival, and the season of flowers and fruits is consistent with that of outdoor cultivation. When the valley rain occurs in spring of the next year, the skirt film 14 and the retractable arch film 11 are gradually rolled up from bottom to top according to the change condition of the local air temperature. When the rain falls to winter, the skirt film 14 is always in a rolled state. Moisture adjustment, namely, rolling up the retractable arch membrane 11 when the rain in the valley reaches the winter season and no rain or light rain, so that the rainwater can remove dust on the leaves, thereby being beneficial to photosynthesis; the retractable arch film 11 is closed before the heavy and medium rains to prevent rainwater from entering the shed, and the retractable arch film 11 is rolled up in time after the heavy and medium rains to receive sunlight; irrigation is carried out in due time according to soil moisture content in the greenhouse. And (3) adjusting illumination, namely closing the retractable arch membrane 11 at a proper time when the sunlight is strongest at the noon of a young fruit period and three-volt day so as to prevent strong light from damaging the pericarp and the seed of the pomegranate and reduce the occurrence of sunscald of the pomegranate. And can utilize the meshing of turbine 23 and worm 25 to make the lower support rod 19 rotate through manual rotation rocking handle 26, thereby can utilize hank line 21 to strain or relax press mold line 29, and press mold line 29 when taut can compress tightly greenhouse film 15, thereby prevent greenhouse film 15 and support body 1 separation, press mold line 29 when relaxing can reduce the frictional force of retractable arch membrane 11 when receive and release with press mold line 29, not only be convenient for receive and release the receiving and releasing of arch membrane 11, can reduce the wearing and tearing to retractable arch membrane 11 simultaneously, thereby the life of extension retractable arch membrane 11.

The pomegranate cultivation method for keeping out cold, rain and sun includes: building a garden, selecting a garden: the garden should be built in a place with high terrain, convenient drainage, convenient irrigation, permeable soil and good ventilation. The environment meets the environmental requirement of GB/T18407.4-2001 agricultural product safety quality nuisance-free fruit producing area, and meanwhile, the transportation is smooth and relatively centralized and connected;

planning a garden: the field road is perfected before the garden is built, and the irrigation and drainage system is perfected. The land with the slope of below 15 degrees can be planted along contour lines to build a garden; constructing terraced fields and then constructing a garden with the gradient of 15-25 degrees; variety selection: selecting varieties which are suitable for local conditions and have good quality, paying attention to the collocation of pollinated varieties and varieties in different maturation periods; land preparation: before planting, ploughing and leveling the garden, applying 4000kg of organic fertilizer per 666.7 square meters in combination with soil preparation, and if the soil is heavy, doping sand and applying additional organic fertilizer so as to improve the soil; planting: the method comprises the steps of advocating spring planting, building a garden with large seedlings (the height of each seedling is 1.8m and the ground diameter is more than 1.5 cm), operating pure forests, setting the row spacing (2-2.5 m) × (4-5 m), ditching among rows, forming ridges in rows, setting the depth and height according to the terrain, planting densely and thinly firstly, and then transforming the seedlings into the garden step by step, digging 1m long, wide and deep planting holes during planting, spreading root systems during planting, filling surface soil firstly, filling bottom soil later, compacting the planting depth is proper when the seedlings are planted, sufficiently watering the root water after planting, keeping the soil moist, paying attention to intertillage and weeding in a growing season, reducing the influence of weeds on young pomegranate trees, and promoting the growth of young pomegranate trees.

intertillage weeding: the growth period of the pomegranate trees needs to be carried out for multiple times, so that the soil is loosened, the ventilation condition of the soil is improved, and the water evaporation of the soil is prevented. The cultivation should be shallow, generally 5-8 cm deep. The cultivation should be carried out in time after raining, so that the soil is prevented from hardening, and the water storage and retention capacity is enhanced;

intercropping and covering: intercropping in a howitzer; in thin planting gardeners, especially young trees and initial bearing gardeners, idle land is utilized for reasonable intercropping, so that land and light energy can be fully utilized, and the effects of maintaining water and soil, inhibiting weeds, preventing wind and fixing sand and cultivating the gardeners are achieved. The crops suitable for the intercropping of the pomegranate orchard comprise shallow-rooted short-stalk crops such as beans, melons and the like, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied during the intercropping to strengthen the management. Cheng Ling the howitzer preferably intercrops green manure crops such as vetch, alfalfa, mung bean and the like so as to increase the organic matter content of the howitzer soil, improve the soil structure and improve the soil fertility;

covering the grenade garden: the covering of the pomegranate orchard has the functions of water retention, temperature increase, weeding and the like. The method comprises covering garden ground cloth, covering grass, and covering grass;

fertilizer management: the fertilization principle is implemented by taking an organic fertilizer as a main fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer as an auxiliary fertilizer according to the general rule of NY/T496-2010 fertilizer reasonable use, and the applied fertilizer does not have adverse effects on the orchard environment and the fruit quality. Fertilization type and quantity: the base fertilizer is a basic fertilizer for supplying nutrients to trees for a long time in one year, and is mainly a slow-acting organic fertilizer which is mixed with a small amount of quick-acting chemical fertilizer to increase the fertilizer efficiency and avoid nutrient loss. Organic fertilizers such as crop straws, compost, green manure, ring manure and the like can increase the content of organic matters in soil, improve the soil structure and improve the soil fertility by decomposing, wherein the square meter per 666.7 is not less than 1500kg;

topdressing: the proper amount of inorganic fertilizer is applied mainly in the growing season. And (4) determining the fertilizing time, frequency and quantity according to the growth condition of the pomegranate trees. The general pomegranate orchard topdresses for 3 times in 1 year, namely: pre-flowering fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer; the young fruit expanding fertilizer is mixed with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for application; in the later growth stage of fruits, potash fertilizer is mainly used. The fertilizing amount is applied according to the yield of 1/10-2/10 on the basis of applying enough base fertilizer; topdressing outside roots: 4-5 times per year, 2 times in the early stage of growth generally, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer; in the later period of 2-3 times, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are taken as main fertilizers, and trace elements are applied according to the situation; the types and the use concentrations of the common fertilizers are as follows: 0.5 percent of urea, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 to 0.5 percent of borax. Stopping topdressing outside roots 20 days before fruit harvest;

water content management: irrigation water meets the GB/T5084 water quality standard for farmland irrigation, and irrigation is carried out in a proper time and quantity according to different soil conditions, weather and variety characteristics. Irrigation is generally carried out 3 times per year. Mainly before and after germination. Irrigation is performed at the stage, so that the water absorption of root systems is facilitated, the tree germination and the rapid growth of young shoots are promoted, and the fruit setting rate is improved. If the drought is serious, after the water is sprouted, the water is preferably kept in a form of covering a plastic film. The pomegranate blooming period is long, the first-crop flowers, the second-crop flowers and the third-crop flowers consume more water, and in order to promote fruit setting and promote normal development of young fruits, irrigation can be carried out when the first-crop fruits and the second-crop fruits begin to swell, so that the method is very important for promoting development of pomegranate fruits. Irrigation is carried out before soil is frozen, so that the growth of root systems can be promoted, the absorption and utilization of the root systems to fertilizers can be enhanced, and the cold resistance, the freezing resistance and the spring drought resistance of the tree body can be improved.

And (3) shaping and pruning, namely changing a multi-trunk tree form into a single-trunk tree form, and planting and shaping by using the single-trunk tree forms such as a trunk sparse layer form, a small-crown sparse layer form, a spindle form and the like according to the growth fruiting habit of the pomegranate trees by using a method for planting and shaping fruit trees such as apples, pears, chinese dates and the like for reference. The method is simple to operate, can be formed in three years, can realize high yield in five years, and is good in ventilation and light transmission of the howitzer, and convenient to manage; changing the pyramid tree form into an inverted pyramid or umbrella tree form, fixing the pomegranate seedlings at 80-100 cm after field planting, reserving branches germinated in spring at the cut in principle, and then developing and culturing the pomegranate seedlings into the inverted pyramid tree form in the direction of light cutting and labor saving. No matter what kind of tree form is formed, the most ideal tree form after single plant forming is in an inverted pyramid shape or an umbrella shape, the tree form is favorable for shading pomegranate fruits and can effectively prevent pomegranate sunscald, four-season pruning is changed into the mode that summer pruning is mainly used and spring pruning is used as auxiliary, because pomegranate trees are sensitive to pruning reaction, sprouts at the cut parts are increased after winter and spring pruning, the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the pomegranate trees is aggravated, fruit setting is influenced, illumination is deteriorated, quality is reduced, the labor for pruning in spring, summer and autumn is increased, and modern pomegranate pruning production is more focused on summer control. Therefore, the traditional winter and spring pruning is completely abandoned, branches such as crossing, overlapping, opposite growing and the like are properly thinned and removed in spring, the branches such as drooping, insect pests, withering, long and the like are properly cut or retracted, nutrition is concentrated, and the effects of thinning flowers and fruits can be achieved. During the early 8 months after the physiological fruit drop of the pomegranate, pruning mainly in summer by thinning branches, stripping branches and removing sprouts; the method changes ' bracing, pulling, twisting and picking ' into ' stripping branch, thinning branch and removing sprout ', fully utilizes the advantages of good toughness and strong plasticity ' of pomegranate branches, adjusts the angle and direction of branches to be reserved and thins redundant branches according to the requirements of reshaping in the early stage of pomegranate branch lignification, intensively cultivates the tree form, controls the nutritional growth and tree vigor of the tree, promotes the nutrient of the tree to change towards the direction favorable for flowering and fruiting, changes ' two-thin two-dense ' into ' two-dense two-dilute ', and ensures that pomegranate fruits are in shade in the whole growth period so as to prevent the occurrence of ' pomegranate sunscalking '.

In the management of flowers and fruits, the pomegranate trees have large flower quantity, and have more flowers, three flowers and more flowers, so that the phenomena of two fruits, three fruits and more fruits are common. Meanwhile, the flower period is long, and the flower period is divided into first, second and third, so the flower and fruit dropping phenomenon is serious. At present, many fruit growers in pomegranate production keep flowers and fruits and maintain high yield, so that the high-quality fruit rate is not high, and the quality and the selling price of fruits are directly influenced. The modern pomegranate cultivation significance lies in that flowers can be bloomed and fruits can be well fruited. Management of flowers and fruits is an important measure in modern pomegranate cultivation. The adoption of a proper flower and fruit management technology ensures the good, stable and high-quality pomegranate in successive years. In pomegranate production, reasonable load is the premise of high quality of fruits. The accumulated nutrients of the tree are certain, and if the tree is loaded too much, the fruit size is small and the selling price is low; if the load is small, the fruit size is large and the quality is good, but the final yield is low, so that the benefit is not high. The regulation of fruit load in production is mainly completed by two ways: firstly, flower and fruit retention is realized; secondly, flower and fruit thinning. Flower and fruit retention: the pomegranate flowers are large in quantity, and when the temperature is lower than 29 ℃ in the flowering phase, serious flower and fruit dropping phenomena can occur. The main measures for improving the fruit setting rate of the pomegranate tree are to inhibit the vegetative growth: before pomegranate blooms, measures such as pinching, bud removal, tip twisting and the like are mainly implemented to promote the growth of pomegranate flower organs, improve the rate of complete flowers and promote fruit setting; topdressing before flowers and watering: in the peak period of growth of the young shoots, a tree body needs a large amount of nutrients and needs to be supplemented in time to promote the vegetative growth, enhance the photosynthesis and increase the number of normal flowers. In this period, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in combination with phosphate fertilizer. For old trees and big trees with excessive fruiting, the top dressing amount should be increased; for over-vigorous growing saplings and vigorous trees, little or no nitrogen fertilizer can be applied during top dressing so as to avoid overgrowth of branches and leaves and aggravation of flower and fruit dropping. Watering in time after topdressing;

spraying trace elements: spraying 0.2% of borax or boric acid in the flowering period, and spraying 0.2% of organic quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in cooperation, so that pollen germination and pollen tube elongation can be promoted, full fertilization can be facilitated, and fruit setting rate can be obviously improved; artificial supplementary pollination is adopted, under the condition of bad weather, the activity of insects is limited, and the artificial supplementary pollination can be adopted to promote pollination and increase fruit setting; bee releasing in an orchard: honeybees are good media for pollination, and bee releasing in the pomegranate flowering phase can promote pollination and increase fruit setting;

and (3) pest control: the method is an important measure for protecting flowers and fruits by preventing and treating dichocrocis punctiferalis in the young fruit expansion period in time; flower and fruit thinning: reasonable flower thinning and fruit thinning can ensure high and stable yield in successive years, improve fruit quality, ensure robust growth of trees, improve nutrient storage level of the trees and enhance cold and disease resistance of the trees. Thinning flowers, thinning fruits and fixing fruits are preferably carried out in a plurality of times, early maturing varieties are preferably early maturing varieties, middle maturing varieties and late maturing varieties can be delayed for several days properly, varieties with high fruit setting rate are thinned more, varieties with low fruit setting rate are thinned less or only fruits are thinned without thinning flowers, manual thinning is preferred, other methods for thinning flowers and thinning fruits can be considered when labor is extremely deficient, strong trees, strong branches are left more, weak trees and weak branches are left less, temporary branches are left more, permanent skeleton branches are left less, fruits are left on fruit branches uniformly according to a certain distance according to the average single fruit weight, 1 fruit can be left on the average of 30cm generally, the large fruit interval can be slightly larger, the medium fruit interval is smaller properly, young trees are left less, grown trees are left more, and aged trees are left less. The earlier the flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out, the more the stored nutrients are saved, and the more the growth of trees and fruits is facilitated. The buds can be thinned and the flowers can be thinned from the time when the normal buds and the degraded buds can be distinguished by naked eyes to the end of the full-bloom stage. And after the young fruits are stably set, thinning the fruits according to the number and the positions of the fruits. The fruit retention amount is 15-20% more than the theoretical fruit retention amount, and finally, the fruits are determined according to the distribution condition of the fruits in the tree crowns;

the flower and fruit thinning method comprises the following steps: firstly, removing degenerated buds and flowers with smaller shapes, keeping normal flowers, particularly, removing flowers and fruits on the upper part and the periphery of a crown, and keeping more buds, flowers and young fruits on the lower part of the crown and in an inner bore of the crown. On the premise of 'leaving fruit under leaves and evenly leaving fruit' as much as possible, in principle 'removing more leaves and leaving single, removing double leaves and leaving single, removing deformity and leaving positive, removing small leaves and leaving large, removing upper leaves, removing side leaves and leaving top, and removing outer leaves and inner leaves', so that the nutrition of the tree body is saved; fruit management: after the flower thinning and fruit thinning are finished, in order to improve the high-quality and high-grade fruit rate of the pomegranate, various measures are required to be taken as much as possible to improve the fruit quality, and the fruit setting work is further carried out to set the yield of the fruit by trees so as to produce the set fruit. On the premise of a certain fruit setting rate, the fruit thinning and fixing in the later period are adopted, the fruit quantity is strictly controlled, and the quality of single fruit is ensured to be improved. The fruit setting work can be carried out when the calyx becomes green and the fruit begins to swell. During fruit setting, firstly, diseased and diseased fruits and malformed fruits are removed, first-crop fruits are selected and remained, second-crop fruits are remained, and third-crop and last-crop fruits are removed. In fruit setting, in order to ensure that the quantity of the fruit left is moderate, the principle of 'setting the yield according to the plant, setting the fruit and branching burden' is applied. And finally, reasonably distributing the fixed fruit number according to the size and the strength of the main branches. In order to avoid fruit drop caused by diseases and insect pests, mechanical damage, natural disasters and the like, the number of the reserved fruits can be properly more than the theoretical number. The calculation is not carried out on every plant, and the whole garden can be spread by only making a plurality of plants in the heart. The quantity of the fruits left can be determined according to the conditions of leaf-fruit ratio, the section area of a trunk, young sprout growth and the like; paving a reflective film: the reflective film is laid under the tree, which not only has the functions of inhibiting weeds and keeping moisture, but also can obviously improve the illumination conditions of the lower part of the crown and the bore of the tree, and produce full red and high-quality fresh pomegranate fruits.

Controlling diseases, pests and weeds, wherein the control principle is as follows: the prevention is mainly and comprehensively prevented. The prevention and control measures are based on agriculture and physical prevention and control, take biological prevention and control as a core, scientifically use chemical prevention and control technology according to the occurrence rule and economic threshold of plant diseases and insect pests, and effectively control the harm of the diseases and the insect pests; agricultural control: maintaining a strong tree vigor, pruning branches with diseases and pests, eliminating dead branches and fallen leaves, scraping the upwarping and cracked bark of a trunk, deeply turning over a tree disc, scientifically fertilizing, and inhibiting the occurrence of diseases and pests;

physical control: according to the biological habits of pests, trapping and killing the pests by adopting methods of a frequency vibration type pest killing lamp, sugar-vinegar liquid, trunk grass winding and the like; biological control: the natural enemies of insects such as trichogramma, lacewing, predatory ladybug, predatory mite and the like are released artificially. Beneficial microorganisms and metabolites thereof are applied to control plant diseases and insect pests. Trapping or interfering adult mating by using insect sex pheromone; chemical control: biological pesticide, mineral pesticide and low-toxicity organic synthetic pesticide are advocated, toxic pesticide is used in a limited way, and virulent, high-toxicity, high-residue, teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic pesticide is forbidden to be used. The prediction and forecast of plant diseases and insect pests are enhanced, and the pesticide is used in a targeted and proper manner without reaching the prevention and control index or under the condition of reasonable ratio of beneficial insects to pests; attention is paid to the alternative use and reasonable mixing use of pesticides with different action mechanisms so as to delay the generation of drug resistance of germs and pests and improve the control effect. The medicine is applied according to GB/T8321 reasonable use criteria of pesticide strictly;

controlling the weeds: mainly using utilization and secondarily removing. If the weeds are removed, field management of the howitzer is combined, mechanical weeding is mainly used, and artificial weeding is used as an auxiliary. The method for preventing and controlling the weeds in the pomegranate orchard mainly comprises the following steps: tillage weeding, grass mulching weeding, grass growing weeding, mulching film weeding, ground cloth weeding, poultry weeding, drug weeding, flame weeding and the like.

And (4) harvesting the fruits, namely harvesting the pomegranate after reaching the harvesting maturity. Avoiding mechanical damage when harvesting. After harvesting, the seeds are packaged in grades, and the packaging box and the storage condition meet the pollution-free requirement.

The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiment without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A pomegranate cold shed for cultivating, keeping out the weather and sun and preventing burning comprises a frame body (1), upright posts (101), a beam (102), arch rods (103), a base (104), a connecting rod (105), a main rolling rod (5), an auxiliary rolling rod (6), a tension spring (7), a film rolling device (8), a clamping groove (9), a main film rolling rod (10), a retractable arch film (11), an auxiliary film rolling rod (12), a fixed arch film (13), a skirt film (14), a shed film (15) and a binding part (16), and is characterized in that the frame body (1) is composed of the upright posts (101), the beam (102) and the arch rods (103), the bottoms of the upright posts (101) are respectively fixed with the base (104), each support body (1) is connected through a plurality of connecting rods (105), the front part and the rear part of the outermost side of the support body (1) are respectively hinged with a main winding rod (5), each main winding rod (5) is respectively connected with an auxiliary winding rod (6) in a sliding manner, the tail end of each auxiliary winding rod (6) is respectively fixed with a tension spring (7), the other end of each auxiliary winding rod is respectively fixed with a film rolling device (8), the tail end of each tension spring (7) is fixed with the inner wall of the main winding rod (5), the front part and the rear part of the top end of the support body (1) are respectively fixed with a clamping groove (9), and a clamping groove (9) is respectively arranged between the two film rolling devices (8) at the front part of the support body (1) and at the rear part of the support body (1) Install main roll of film pole (10) between two roll of membrane ware (8) respectively, two main roll of film pole (10) outer wall twines respectively and has retractable arch membrane (11), two retractable arch membrane (11) end is fixed with vice roll of film pole (12) respectively, two vice roll of film pole (12) are buckled joint with draw-in groove (9) mutually respectively, each support body (1) top is fixed with fixed arch membrane (13) jointly, each the skirt membrane (14) are installed respectively to both ends around support body (1) and the outside of support body (1), retractable arch membrane (11), fixed arch membrane (13) and skirt membrane (14) constitute big-arch shelter film (15) jointly, each two install constraint part (16) jointly around support body (1).

2. The pomegranate cold-proof, rain-sheltering and sun-burning prevention cultivation cold shed as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the binding part (16) comprises a main bearing seat (17), an auxiliary bearing seat (18), a lower support rod (19), a limiting strip (20), a stranded wire rod (21), a tightening bolt (22), a worm wheel (23), a box body (24), a worm (25), rocking handles (26), an upper support rod (27) and a stranded wire rod (28), the top ends of the foremost part and the rearmost part of a base (104) of the frame body (1) are respectively fixed with the main bearing seat (17) and the auxiliary bearing seat (18), the two main bearing seats (17) are symmetrically arranged front and back, each auxiliary bearing seat (18) is symmetrically arranged front and back and left and right, the lower support rod (19) is respectively and rotatably connected between the two main bearing seats (17) and the auxiliary bearing seat (18), the middle part of the outer wall of each lower support rod (19) is respectively fixed with the limiting strip (20), each lower support rod (19) is respectively and slidably connected with a plurality of the stranded wire rods (21) in the axial direction through the limiting strips (20), the bottom of each stranded wire rod (21) is respectively connected with the tightening bolt (22), each worm wheel (19) is respectively fixed with the lower support rod (19), each box body (24) is respectively fixed with the worm wheel (23), the upper part of each box body (24) is respectively connected with the rotary handle (24), each support body (1) top is fixed with support rod (27) jointly, go up support rod (27) axial sliding connection and have a plurality of bunch poles (28).

3. The pomegranate cold-proof, rain-sheltering and sun-burning prevention cultivation cold shed as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: puller bolt (22) can contact with lower support bar (19) outer wall, stranded conductor pole (21) can restrict the different positions department at lower support bar (19) through screwing up puller bolt (22), each stranded conductor pole (21) are connected with press mold line (29) respectively, each press mold line (29) tip is connected with bunch pole (28) respectively, two main roll of film pole (10) contact with support body (1) outer wall all the time under the effect of the elastic tension of extension spring (7), and each press mold line (29) all are located main roll of film pole (10), can receive and release hunch membrane (11), vice roll of film pole (12), fixed hunch membrane (13) and skirt membrane (14) outside, turbine (23) mesh with worm (25).

4. The pomegranate cultivation method capable of preventing cold, rain and sun burn is characterized by comprising the following steps: building a garden, and selecting a garden: the garden should be built in a place with high topography, convenient drainage, convenient irrigation, permeable soil and good ventilation;

planning a garden: the field road is perfected before the garden is built, the irrigation and drainage system is perfected, and the garden can be built by planting along contour lines in the land with the gradient below 15 degrees; constructing terraced fields and then constructing a garden with the gradient of 15-25 degrees; variety selection: selecting varieties which are suitable for local conditions and have good quality, paying attention to the collocation of pollinated varieties and varieties in different maturation periods; land preparation: before planting, ploughing and leveling the garden, applying 4000kg of organic fertilizer every 666.7 square meters in combination with soil preparation, and if the soil is heavy, doping sand and additionally applying the organic fertilizer so as to improve the soil; planting: the method comprises the following steps of advocating spring planting, building a garden with large seedlings with the height of 1.8m and the ground diameter of more than 1.5cm, operating pure forest, digging ditches between rows and ridging in rows, wherein the depth and the height of the ditches are determined according to terrains, planting densely and thinning later, modifying the garden step by step, digging 1m square planting holes during planting, spreading root systems during planting, filling surface soil and bottom soil firstly, stepping on the soil in layers, wherein the planting depth is proper when the seedlings are out of the garden, watering the root water after planting, keeping the soil moist, and paying attention to intertillage and weeding in the growing season, so that the influence of weeds on young pomegranate trees is reduced, and the young pomegranate trees are promoted to grow robustly;

soil, fertilizer and water management and soil management: for an orchard with poor soil structure, soil is changed and a large amount of organic fertilizer is applied, soil deep turning is carried out, the deep turning is carried out by combining the application of the organic fertilizer in autumn, roots are damaged as little as possible during deep turning, water is fully irrigated after turning, and tree tray ridging can thicken a live soil layer, is beneficial to root growth, deepens root distribution and can improve the cold resistance and frost resistance of the root system; generally, clay is preferably cultivated in the sandy beach land and loam is preferably cultivated in the hilly land in the late autumn and early winter, and the soil is regularly ploughed after the hilly land is cultivated, so that the effect of improving the soil structure is also achieved;

intertillage weeding: the pomegranate tree growth period needs to be carried out for multiple times, so that the soil is loosened, the soil ventilation condition is improved, the soil moisture evaporation is prevented, the intertillage is shallow and 5-8 cm deep, the intertillage is carried out in time after raining, the soil is prevented from hardening, and the water storage and retention capacity is enhanced;

intercropping and covering: intercropping in a howitzer; in thin planting howitzer gardens, particularly young trees and initial bearing howitzer gardens, idle land is utilized for reasonable intercropping, crops suitable for intercropping in the howitzer gardens comprise shallow-rooted short-stalk crops such as beans, melons and the like, sufficient base fertilizer is applied during intercropping, and Cheng Ling howitzer gardens are preferably used for intercropping green manure crops such as vetch, alfalfa, mung beans and the like so as to increase the organic matter content of the howitzer soil, improve the soil structure and improve the soil fertility;

fertilizer management: the fertilization principle uses organic fertilizer as main, inorganic fertilizer as supplementary, and the applied fertilizer does not produce harmful effects to orchard environment, fruit quality, fertilization kind and quantity: the base fertilizer is a basic fertilizer for supplying tree nutrients for a long period of one year, mainly delayed organic fertilizer is used, a small amount of quick-acting chemical fertilizer is mixed to increase the fertilizer efficiency and avoid nutrient loss, the organic fertilizer such as crop straws, compost, green manure, ring fertilizer and the like can increase the content of organic matters in soil, improve the soil structure and improve the soil fertility, and the square meter of every 666.7 is not less than 1500kg;

topdressing: applying a proper amount of inorganic fertilizer in the growing season, determining the time, frequency and quantity of topdressing according to the growth condition of pomegranate trees, and topdressing 3 times in a general pomegranate orchard in 1 year, namely: pre-flowering fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer; the young fruit expanding fertilizer is mixed with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for application; in the later growth period of the fruits, the potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and the fertilizing amount is applied according to the yield of 1/10-2/10 on the basis of applying enough base fertilizer; topdressing outside roots: 4-5 times per year, 2 times in the early stage of growth generally, mainly nitrogen fertilizer; in the later period of 2-3 times, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are taken as main fertilizers, and trace elements are applied according to the situation; the types and the use concentrations of the common fertilizers are as follows: 0.5 percent of urea, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of borax and 20 days before fruit harvest, stopping topdressing outside roots;

water content management: according to different soil conditions, weather and variety characteristics, proper amount of irrigation is carried out in time, the irrigation is generally carried out 3 times per year, the irrigation is carried out at the stage mainly before and after germination, the irrigation is carried out at the stage, the water absorption of root systems is facilitated, the germination of trees and the rapid growth of young shoots are promoted, the fruit setting rate is improved, if the drought is severe, after the water is irrigated, the water is preferably preserved in a mode of covering a plastic film, the pomegranate is longer in flowering phase, flowers of first crop, flowers of second crop and flowers of third crop are divided, more water is consumed, in order to promote fruit setting and promote normal development of young fruits, the irrigation is carried out when the fruits of first crop and second crop begin to swell, the irrigation is carried out before soil is frozen, the growth of the root systems can be promoted, the absorption and utilization of fertilizers by the root systems can be enhanced, and the cold resistance, the freezing resistance and the spring drought resistance of the trees can be improved;

shaping and pruning, changing a multi-trunk tree form into a single-trunk tree form, and according to the growth fruiting habit of pomegranate trees, using a method for planting and shaping fruit trees such as apples, pears, chinese dates and the like for reference, planting and shaping by adopting single-trunk tree forms such as a trunk sparse layer form, a small-crown sparse layer form, a spindle form and the like, wherein the method is simple to operate, can be shaped in three years, can realize high yield in five years, has good ventilation and light transmission of a pomegranate orchard, and is convenient to manage; the method changes a pyramid tree form into an inverted pyramid or umbrella tree form, the pomegranate seedlings are fixed to be dry at 80-100 cm after being fixedly planted, branches sprouting in spring at the cut are reserved in principle, then the pomegranate seedlings are developed and cultured towards the inverted pyramid tree form in the direction of light shearing and labor saving, the most ideal tree form after single plant forming is the inverted pyramid or umbrella shape no matter what tree form is formed, the tree form is favorable for shading pomegranate fruits and can prevent pomegranate sunscald, the four-season pruning is changed into the mode that summer pruning is mainly carried out and spring pruning is assisted, as the pomegranate trees are sensitive to pruning reaction, the sprouts at the cut are increased after the pruning in winter and spring, the contradiction between the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the pomegranate trees is intensified, fruit setting is influenced, illumination is deteriorated, quality is reduced, labor is added for the three seasons, the traditional winter and spring pruning is completely abandoned, the crossing, overlapping, early cutting or early cutting of the pomegranate trees in summer is properly carried out, the pests are properly retracted, the branches are thinned in summer, the primary cutting is carried out, the physiological drooping effect is reduced, the branches are cut in spring, the three seasons are cut, the branches are concentrated, and the branches are thinned, the physiological branches can be 8, and the main pruning is carried out, and the main cutting effect is realized; the method changes 'bracing, pulling and twisting ring, cutting, stripping, binding, twisting and picking' into 'stripping branch, thinning branch and sprout removal', fully utilizes the advantages of 'good toughness and strong plasticity' of pomegranate branches, adjusts the angle and direction of branches to be kept according to the 'stripping branch' according to the shaping requirement at the early lignification stage of the pomegranate branches, thins redundant branches, and ensures that pomegranate fruits are in a 'dense-top-thin-bottom-dense-inside-thin' state in the whole growth period by shaping and trimming so as to prevent 'pomegranate sunscald disease';

the management of flowers and fruits of pomegranate trees has large flower quantity, and more flowers, flowers and flowers are generated, so that the phenomena of fruits with two flowers, three flowers and more fruits are common, and the adjustment of fruit load in production is mainly completed by two ways: firstly, flower and fruit retention is realized; secondly, flower and fruit thinning, flower and fruit retention: the pomegranate tree has large flower quantity, when the flower season is rainy and the temperature is lower than 29 ℃, serious flower and fruit dropping can occur, and the main measures for improving the fruit setting rate of the pomegranate tree are that the vegetative growth is inhibited: before pomegranate blooms, measures of pinching, sprout removal and tip twisting are mainly implemented, the growth of pomegranate flower organs is promoted, the rate of complete flowers is improved, and fruit setting is promoted; topdressing before flowers and watering: in the peak period of growth of the young shoots, a tree body needs a large amount of nutrients and needs to be supplemented in time so as to promote the nutrient growth, enhance the photosynthesis and increase the number of normal flowers; in the period, the additional fertilization of nitrogen fertilizer is mainly performed in combination with the application of phosphate fertilizer, and the additional fertilization amount is increased for the aged trees and the big trees with excessive fruits; little or no nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to over-vigorous growing saplings and vigorous trees during top dressing so as to avoid the excessive growth of branches and leaves and aggravation of flower and fruit dropping, and watering is carried out in time after top dressing;

spraying trace elements: spraying 0.2% of borax or boric acid in the flowering period, spraying 0.2% of organic quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer in cooperation, artificially performing auxiliary pollination, limiting the activity of insects under the condition of bad climate, and performing artificial auxiliary pollination to promote pollination and increase fruit setting; bee releasing in an orchard: honeybees are good media for pollination, and the pomegranate is released in the flowering phase to promote pollination and increase fruit setting;

and (3) pest control: the method is an important measure for protecting flowers and fruits by preventing and treating dichocrocis punctiferalis in the young fruit expansion period in time; flower and fruit thinning: thinning flowers, thinning fruits and setting fruits in multiple times, preferably thinning early maturing varieties, delaying middle and late maturing varieties for several days, thinning varieties with high fruit setting rate more, thinning varieties with low fruit setting rate less or only thinning fruits without thinning flowers, reserving strong trees and strong branches more, reserving weak trees and weak branches less, reserving temporary branches more, reserving permanent skeleton branches less, reserving 1 fruit on fruit branches according to a certain distance according to the average single fruit weight, reserving 1 fruit on average 30cm, reserving a large fruit slightly more, reserving a medium fruit appropriately less, reserving young trees less, reserving old trees more, reserving aging trees less, thinning flowers and thinning fruits earlier, saving more stored nutrients, benefiting the growth of trees and fruits, starting from the moment when normal flower buds and degenerate flower buds can be distinguished by naked eyes, thinning buds and thinning flowers after the full bloom stage is ended, thinning buds and thinning flowers, after young fruits are stable, thinning fruits according to the number of fruits and fruit setting positions, and reserving fruit more fruits than the theoretical fruit setting amount by 15-20%, and setting fruits according to the fruit crown condition;

flower and fruit thinning: firstly, removing degenerated buds and flowers with smaller shapes, keeping normal flowers, particularly, removing flowers and fruits on the upper part and the periphery of a crown, and keeping more buds, flowers and young fruits on the lower part of the crown and in an inner bore of the crown so as to save the nutrition of a tree body; fruit management: after flower thinning and fruit thinning are finished, fruit fixing is carried out when the fruit turns green from a calyx tube and the fruit begins to expand, when the fruit fixing is carried out, firstly, diseased and insect fruits and malformed fruits are thinned, first-crop fruits are selected and remained, second-crop fruits are remained, third-crop fruits and last-crop fruits are thinned, and finally, the fruit number to be fixed is reasonably distributed according to the size and the strength of a main branch, fruit dropping caused by diseases and insect pests, mechanical damage and natural disaster reasons is avoided, the fruit number is more than a theoretical number, and a reflective film is paved: the reflective film is laid under the tree, so that the illumination conditions of the lower part and the inner chamber of the crown are improved except for the effects of inhibiting weeds and keeping moisture, and the full red and high-quality fresh pomegranate fruits are produced.