CN110475767A - 环氧树脂、制造方法、环氧树脂组合物和其固化物 - Google Patents
环氧树脂、制造方法、环氧树脂组合物和其固化物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110475767A CN110475767A CN201880022507.3A CN201880022507A CN110475767A CN 110475767 A CN110475767 A CN 110475767A CN 201880022507 A CN201880022507 A CN 201880022507A CN 110475767 A CN110475767 A CN 110475767A
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- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KWUZCAVKPCRJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-4-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(NCC)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=C(C)C=C2S1 KWUZCAVKPCRJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005487 naphthalate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DFQICHCWIIJABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-diol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 DFQICHCWIIJABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- VDGJOQCBCPGFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-) silicon(4+) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Si+4].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] VDGJOQCBCPGFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- XZVCKKPHOJCWME-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,3-diene phenol Chemical compound CC=CC=C.Oc1ccccc1 XZVCKKPHOJCWME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYKRPDCJKSXAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1O LYKRPDCJKSXAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical class SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZRXQXJGIQEYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxido(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]B=O.[O-]B=O PZRXQXJGIQEYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O XJUNLJFOHNHSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/28—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection
- H01L23/29—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, e.g. for protection characterised by the material, e.g. carbon
- H01L23/293—Organic, e.g. plastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/24—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of esters of sulfuric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/12—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly or doubly bound oxygen atoms
- C07D303/18—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly or doubly bound oxygen atoms by etherified hydroxyl radicals
- C07D303/20—Ethers with hydroxy compounds containing no oxirane rings
- C07D303/24—Ethers with hydroxy compounds containing no oxirane rings with polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/02—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
- C08G59/04—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof
- C08G59/06—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols
- C08G59/063—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols with epihalohydrins
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Abstract
课题在于,提供:流动性、固化性优异、所得固化物的耐湿性、机械强度也良好、能适合用于半导体密封材料、电路板等的环氧树脂、其制造方法、和含有该环氧树脂的环氧树脂组合物和其固化物。具体而言,为环氧树脂、其制造方法、使用其的环氧树脂组合物、和其固化物,所述环氧树脂的特征在于,其为以任选具有碳数1~8的烷基作为芳香环上的取代基的二羟基苯的环氧化物为主成分的环氧树脂(A),GPC测定中的最大峰的面积比率为90%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及:流动性、固化性优异、所得固化物的耐湿性、机械强度也良好、能适合用于半导体密封材料、电路板等的环氧树脂、其制造方法、和含有该环氧树脂的环氧树脂组合物和其固化物。
背景技术
使用环氧树脂和各种固化剂的固化性树脂组合物除了用于粘接剂、成型材料、涂料、光致抗蚀剂材料、显色材料等之外,由于所得固化物的耐热性、耐湿性等优异,因此还被广泛用于半导体密封材、印刷布线板用绝缘材料等电气/电子领域。
作为前述半导体密封材料,随着电子设备的小型化·轻量化的潮流,大多使用能够薄且局部地将半导体连接部进行树脂密封的液态密封代替以往的固体密封。因此,对所使用的液态环氧树脂要求优异的流动性、固化性、耐湿性、粘接性、机械强度、绝缘可靠性。
作为可以适合用作半导体密封材料的环氧树脂,例如,提供了在双酚骨架的芳香环上具有烯丙基作为取代基的环氧树脂(例如,参照专利文献1)。
通过使用前述环氧树脂作为固化性树脂组合物的主剂,与通常的使用双酚型环氧树脂的情况相比,组合物的流动性、固化物的强度方面能够获得恒定的效果,但是无法充分满足近年要求的树脂组合物的流动性、固化性、低吸湿性、机械强度的平衡水平,需要进一步改善。
现有技术文献
专利文献1:日本特开2015-000952号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
因此,本发明要解决的课题在于,提供:流动性、固化性优异、所得固化物的耐湿性、机械强度也良好、能适合用于半导体密封材料、电路板等的环氧树脂、其制造方法、和含有该环氧树脂的环氧树脂组合物和其固化物。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等为了解决前述课题进行了深入研究,结果发现,使用下述环氧树脂作为固化性组合物的1个成分时,加热固化时的成型性、耐湿性、机械强度的均衡性等优异,至此完成了本发明,所述环氧树脂以任选具有碳数1~8的烷基作为芳香环上的取代基的二羟基苯的环氧化物为主成分、且GPC测定中的最大峰的面积比率为90%以上。
即,本发明提供:环氧树脂和其制造方法、和包含其的环氧树脂组合物和其固化物,所述环氧树脂的特征在于,其为以任选具有碳数1~8的烷基作为芳香环上的取代基的二羟基苯的环氧化物为主成分的环氧树脂(A),GPC测定中的最大峰的面积比率为90%以上。
发明的效果
根据本发明,可以提供:流动性、固化性优异、所得固化物的耐湿性、机械强度也良好、能适合用于半导体密封材料、电路板等的环氧树脂、其制造方法、和含有该环氧树脂的环氧树脂组合物和其固化物、半导体密封材料、半导体装置、预浸料、电路板、积层薄膜、积层基板、纤维增强复合材料、和纤维增强成型品。
附图说明
图1为合成例1中得到的环氧树脂(A’-1)的GPC谱图。
图2为实施例1中得到的环氧树脂(A-1)的GPC谱图。
具体实施方式
<环氧树脂>
以下,对本发明详细进行说明。
本发明的环氧树脂的特征在于,其为以任选具有碳数1~8的烷基作为芳香环上的取代基的二羟基苯的环氧化物为主成分的环氧树脂(A),GPC测定中的最大峰的面积比率为90%以上。
作为前述任选具有碳数1~8的烷基作为芳香环上的取代基的二羟基苯,是在邻苯二酚、间苯二酚、对苯二酚的芳香环上具有1~4个碳数1~8的直链或支链状的烷基者。其中,从所得环氧树脂为低粘度、原料的获得容易性的观点出发,优选在邻苯二酚的芳香环上具有烷基者。
作为前述环氧树脂,例如可以举出下述结构式(1)所示者,
〔结构式(1)中,R1为氢原子或碳数1~8的烷基,R为氢原子或缩水甘油基,m为1~4,n表示重复单元数,以平均值计为0.01~5,每个重复单元中R、R1、m任选相同或不同。〕。
前述结构式(1)所示的环氧树脂中,优选R为氢原子,另外,从原料的获得容易性、固化性的观点出发,优选R1为丁基或辛基,特别优选叔丁基、叔辛基。另外,从反应性的观点出发,R1为烷基时的m优选0~2、特别优选1。进一步n更优选0.01~2的范围,n=0的含量特别优选70质量%以上。
认为,通过具有碳数4或8的支链状的烷基作为芳香环上的取代基,源自其大体积而适当调整固化反应时的交联密度,加热固化后的耐湿性和机械强度、和它们的耐久性的均衡性变得更优异。特别是使用后述的固化剂得到固化物时,从固化反应良好进行的观点、和固化物的交联密度容易形成更适当的范围的观点出发,优选叔丁基,最优选前述丁基二羟基苯为叔丁基邻苯二酚。
另外,本发明中的环氧树脂的特征在于,其GPC测定中的最大峰的面积比率为90%以上。
本发明中的GPC测定为下述方法。
<GPC测定条件>
测定装置:东曹株式会社制“HLC-8320GPC”、
柱:东曹株式会社制保护柱“HXL-L”
+东曹株式会社制“TSK-GEL G2000HXL”
+东曹株式会社制“TSK-GEL G2000HXL”
+东曹株式会社制“TSK-GEL G3000HXL”
+东曹株式会社制“TSK-GEL G4000HXL”
检测器:RI(差示折光计)
数据处理:东曹株式会社制“GPC工作站EcoSEC-WorkStation”
测定条件:柱温度 40℃
展开溶剂 四氢呋喃
流速 1.0ml/分钟
标准:根据前述“GPC工作站EcoSEC-WorkStation”的测定手册,使用分子量已知的下述单分散聚苯乙烯。
(使用聚苯乙烯)
东曹株式会社制“A-500”
东曹株式会社制“A-1000”
东曹株式会社制“A-2500”
东曹株式会社制“A-5000”
东曹株式会社制“F-1”
东曹株式会社制“F-2”
东曹株式会社制“F-4”
东曹株式会社制“F-10”
东曹株式会社制“F-20”
东曹株式会社制“F-40”
东曹株式会社制“F-80”
东曹株式会社制“F-128”
试样:将以树脂固体成分换算计为1.0质量%的四氢呋喃溶液用微滤器过滤而得到的物质(50μl)。
GPC测定中得到的谱图中,主要根据分子量而该峰分裂,但本发明中,其特征在于,其面积比率为最大的峰的面积比率为90%以上、优选93%以上。通过形成这样的分子量分布极其窄的环氧树脂,从而为低粘度、且可以降低氯等杂质含有率,可以适合用于半导体密封剂等电气电子领域。
特别是使用邻苯二酚和其衍生物作为原料的情况下,这样的最大峰处所含的环氧树脂中,下述化合物有在前述GPC的测定条件下未被分离而包含的可能性:在前述结构式(1)中的n=0的理论结构的化合物的基础上,还具有包含源自相邻的2个羟基的氧原子的环状结构的化合物、一个羟基未被缩水甘油化而保持为羟基的化合物。发现本申请中的环氧树脂即使以副成分的形式包含这样的低分子量的化合物,也对固化物的物性无影响,因此,不是指是仅包含前述结构式(1)中的n=0的理论结构的化合物的环氧树脂。
这样的GPC测定中的最大峰处的面积比率为90%以上、且例如使用具有1个丁基的丁基二羟基苯作为原料的情况下,其环氧当量优选190~205g/eq的范围。通过使环氧当量为该范围,从而固化性、粘度合适且操作良好,且容易使固化物的耐湿性也优异。从流动性更优异的方面出发,优选此时的环氧树脂(A)的25℃下的粘度为400~1000mPa·s的范围。
进而,用于电子材料用途的情况下,特别优选本发明的环氧树脂(A)的总氯含量为2000ppm以下,最优选1500ppm以下。
需要说明的是,本发明中的环氧树脂(A)的环氧当量、粘度、总氯含量通过下述方法而测定。
环氧当量:JIS K7236
粘度:JIS K7233单一圆筒旋转粘度计法
总氯含量:JIS K7243-3
<环氧树脂的制造方法>
如前述,作为得到本发明的环氧树脂(A)的方法,需要从任选具有碳数1~8的烷基作为芳香环上的取代基的二羟基苯的环氧化物中分离回收GPC测定中的最大峰处所含的特定的化合物等纯化工序。
作为前述任选具有碳数1~8的烷基作为芳香环上的取代基的二羟基苯,为如前述的化合物,且可以仅由1种构成,也可以将2种以上混合而使用。其中,从所得环氧树脂的流动性与固化物的机械强度的均衡性的观点出发,优选具有更大体积的结构的烷基且羟基相邻,最优选使用叔丁基邻苯二酚。
本发明的环氧树脂的制造方法如前述,使原料的二羟基苯与环氧卤丙烷反应而环氧化。
此时,可以举出如下方法:相对于原料中所含的羟基1摩尔,添加1~10摩尔的环氧卤丙烷,进而,一边相对于原料丁基二羟基苯类1摩尔一次性添加或缓慢添加0.9~2.0摩尔的碱性催化剂,一边在20~120℃的温度下进行0.5~10小时反应。该碱性催化剂可以为固体,也可以使用其水溶液,使用水溶液的情况下,可以为如下方法:连续添加的同时,在减压下或常压下连续地从反应混合物中蒸馏出水及环氧卤丙烷类,进而进行分液而去除水,使环氧卤丙烷类连续地返回反应混合物中。
需要说明的是,进行工业生产时,在环氧树脂生产的第一批中投入使用的环氧卤丙烷类全部为新的物质,但下一批以后,优选组合使用从粗反应产物回收的环氧卤丙烷类和与因反应消耗的部分而消失的部分相当的新的环氧卤丙烷类。此时,可以含有缩水甘油等通过环氧氯丙烷与水、有机溶剂等的反应而衍生的杂质。此时,使用的环氧卤丙烷没有特别限定,例如可以举出环氧氯丙烷、环氧溴丙烷、β-甲基环氧氯丙烷等。其中,从工业上容易获得的方面出发,优选环氧氯丙烷。
另外,前述碱性催化剂具体而言可以举出碱土金属氢氧化物、碱金属碳酸盐及碱金属氢氧化物等。特别是,从环氧树脂合成反应的催化活性优异的方面出发,优选碱金属氢氧化物,例如可以举出氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等。在使用时,这些碱性催化剂可以以10质量%~55质量%左右的水溶液的形态使用,也可以以固体的形态使用。另外,通过组合使用有机溶剂,能够提高环氧树脂的合成中的反应速度。作为这种有机溶剂,没有特别限定,例如可以举出丙酮、甲基乙基酮等酮类、甲醇、乙醇、1-丙基醇、异丙基醇、1-丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇等醇类;甲基溶纤剂、乙基溶纤剂等溶纤剂类;四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧杂环己烷、1,3-二氧杂环己烷、二乙氧基乙烷等醚类;乙腈、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺等非质子性极性溶剂等。这些有机溶剂可以各自单独使用,另外,为了调整极性,也可以适宜组合使用两种以上。
接着,将前述的环氧化反应的反应物在水洗后、加热减压下通过蒸馏而馏去未反应的环氧卤丙烷、组合使用的有机溶剂。另外,进而为了制成水解性卤素少的环氧树脂,也可以将所得环氧树脂再次溶解在甲苯、甲基异丁基酮、甲基乙基酮等有机溶剂中,加入氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等碱金属氢氧化物的水溶液进一步进行反应。此时,出于提高反应速度的目的,可以存在季铵盐、冠醚等相转移催化剂。作为使用相转移催化剂时的其用量,相对于使用的环氧树脂,优选0.1质量%~3.0质量%的范围。反应结束后,将生成的盐过滤,通过水洗等去除,进而,在加热减压下馏去甲苯、甲基异丁基酮等溶剂,由此可以得到环氧化物。
前述中得到的环氧化物中包含:高分子量的成分、未形成环氧环而键合源自环氧卤丙烷的卤素原子而成的化合物。如果包含定量以上的这样的成分,则作为环氧树脂的流动性不足,且有时妨碍固化性、或用于电子材料用途等的情况下带来不良影响,因此,为了形成本发明的环氧树脂(A),优选进行纯化工序。
作为纯化方法,可以举出如下方法:用柱等分离回收环氧树脂(A)的GPC测定中的最大峰处所含的化合物的方法;将如下所述的以往已知的方法进行组合的方法等:例如在环氧化物中添加非质子性极性溶剂、接着在该溶液中加入碱并反应、去除环氧化物中所含的卤素杂质的方法、溶解于甲苯、己烷等溶剂将不溶部分分液并去除,从而去除高分子量成分的方法,作为工业上更优异的方法,可以举出蒸馏纯化方法。蒸馏纯化方法中,从能同时去除高分子量成分和包含大量卤素原子的副成分的方面出发,优选。
为了最终得到本发明的环氧树脂(A),优选事先将蒸馏前的环氧化物中的水解性氯含量优选调整为600ppm以下,更优选以成为400ppm以下的方式事先调整各种反应条件。但是,如果处理条件严格,则高分子量化等副反应增加,蒸馏纯化工序中的收率下降,因此,优选的是,以环氧化物的环氧当量成为300g/eq以下、优选成为250g/eq.以下的方式调整各种反应条件。
先于蒸馏纯化工序,也可以以过滤或水洗等方法去除副产盐等。特别是如果碱金属氢氧化物残留,则有蒸馏时引起高分子化、凝胶化的危险性。另外,有机溶剂、水等挥发成分可以事先以减压馏去等方法去除。
蒸馏纯化工序为如下工序:将如上述得到的环氧化物蒸馏,将高分子化合物、无机化合物、含卤素原子的化合物等去除,从而得到高纯度且低粘度的环氧树脂。对其方法没有特别指定,有:使用蒸馏釜的分批蒸馏、使用旋转蒸发仪等的连续蒸馏、圆盘型、降膜型等的薄膜分子蒸馏等。其蒸馏条件根据前工序结束时的环氧化物的品质、要去除的杂质的沸点等而不同,通常温度为130℃~240℃、优选170℃~230℃,对于滞留时间,分批蒸馏的情况下,为30分钟~5小时,连续蒸馏的情况下,为0.5分钟~10分钟,压力为0.001Torr~1Torr。
<环氧树脂组合物>
本发明的环氧树脂(A)可以组合使用固化剂。通过在前述环氧树脂(A)中配混固化剂,可以制作固化性的环氧树脂组合物。
作为此处可以使用的固化剂,例如可以举出胺系化合物、酰胺系化合物、酸酐系化合物、酚系化合物等各种公知的环氧树脂用的固化剂。
具体而言,作为胺系化合物,可以举出二氨基二苯基甲烷、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、二氨基二苯基砜、异佛尔酮二胺、咪唑、BF3-胺络合物、胍衍生物等,作为酰胺系化合物,可以举出双氰胺、由亚麻酸的二聚体与乙二胺合成的聚酰胺树脂等。作为酸酐系化合物,可以举出邻苯二甲酸酐、偏苯三酸酐、苯均四酸酐、马来酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基纳迪克酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐等。作为酚系化合物,可以举出:苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆树脂、芳香族烃甲醛树脂改性酚醛树脂、双环戊二烯苯酚加成型树脂、苯酚芳烷基树脂(Xylock树脂)、萘酚芳烷基树脂、三羟苯基甲烷树脂、四羟苯基乙烷树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-苯酚共缩合酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩合酚醛清漆树脂、联苯改性酚醛树脂(通过双亚甲基将酚核连接而成的多元含酚性羟基化合物)、联苯改性萘酚树脂(通过双亚甲基将酚核连接而成的多元萘酚化合物)、氨基三嗪改性酚醛树脂(通过三聚氰胺、苯并胍胺等将酚核连接而成的多元含酚性羟基化合物)、含烷氧基的芳香环改性酚醛清漆树脂(通过甲醛将酚核及含烷氧基的芳香环连接而成的多元含酚性羟基化合物)等多元含酚性羟基化合物。
进而,本发明的环氧树脂组合物中,可以在不损害本发明的效果的范围内组合使用前述规定的环氧树脂(A)以外的环氧树脂(C)。
作为前述环氧树脂(C),例如可以举出:双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂、四甲基联苯型环氧树脂、多羟基萘型环氧树脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、三苯基甲烷型环氧树脂、四苯基乙烷型环氧树脂、双环戊二烯-苯酚加成反应型环氧树脂、苯酚芳烷基型环氧树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、萘酚芳烷基型环氧树脂、萘酚-苯酚共缩合酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩合酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、芳香族烃甲醛树脂改性酚醛树脂型环氧树脂、联苯改性酚醛清漆型环氧树脂等。这些环氧树脂中,特别是在能够得到热时弹性模量和成型收缩率优异的固化物的方面,优选使用酚醛清漆型环氧树脂,在能够得到阻燃性优异的固化物的方面,优选使用四甲基联苯酚型环氧树脂、联苯芳烷基型环氧树脂、多羟基萘型环氧树脂,在能够得到介电特性优异的固化物的方面,优选双环戊二烯-苯酚加成反应型环氧树脂。另外,组合使用其他环氧树脂(C)的情况下,从能够容易体现本发明的效果的观点出发,相对于前述环氧树脂(A)和环氧树脂(C)的合计100质量份,以20~100质量份包含本发明的环氧树脂(A)是优选的。
本发明的环氧树脂组合物中,对于前述环氧树脂(A)和固化剂的配混量,从固化性优异的观点出发,相对于前述环氧树脂(A)和根据需要组合使用的前述环氧树脂(C)中的环氧基的合计1当量,前述固化剂中的活性基团的合计优选为0.8~1.2当量的比例。
另外,前述环氧树脂组合物可以组合使用其他热固性树脂。
作为其他热固性树脂,例如可以举出:氰酸酯树脂、具有苯并噁嗪结构的树脂、马来酰亚胺化合物、活性酯树脂、乙烯基苄基化合物、丙烯酸类化合物、苯乙烯与马来酸酐的共聚物等。在组合使用前述其他热固性树脂时,其用量只要没有阻碍本发明的效果就没有特别限制,优选在热固性树脂组合物100质量份中为1~50质量份的范围。
作为前述氰酸酯树脂,例如可以举出:双酚A型氰酸酯树脂、双酚F型氰酸酯树脂、双酚E型氰酸酯树脂、双酚S型氰酸酯树脂、双酚硫醚型氰酸酯树脂、苯醚型氰酸酯树脂、萘醚型氰酸酯树脂、联苯型氰酸酯树脂、四甲基联苯型氰酸酯树脂、多羟基萘型氰酸酯树脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、三苯基甲烷型氰酸酯树脂、四苯基乙烷型氰酸酯树脂、双环戊二烯-苯酚加成反应型氰酸酯树脂、苯酚芳烷基型氰酸酯树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、萘酚芳烷基型氰酸酯树脂、萘酚-苯酚共缩合酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩合酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、芳香族烃甲醛树脂改性酚醛树脂型氰酸酯树脂、联苯改性酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、蒽型氰酸酯树脂等。它们可以各自单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
这些氰酸酯树脂中,特别是在能够得到耐热性优异的固化物的方面,优选使用双酚A型氰酸酯树脂、双酚F型氰酸酯树脂、双酚E型氰酸酯树脂、多羟基萘型氰酸酯树脂、萘醚型氰酸酯树脂、酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂,在能够得到介电特性优异的固化物的这一点上,优选双环戊二烯-苯酚加成反应型氰酸酯树脂。
作为具有苯并噁嗪结构的树脂,没有特别限制,例如可以举出:双酚F和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物(F-a型苯并噁嗪树脂)、二氨基二苯基甲烷和福尔马林和苯酚的反应产物(P-d型苯并噁嗪树脂)、双酚A和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物、二羟基二苯基醚和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物、二氨基二苯基醚和福尔马林和苯酚的反应产物、双环戊二烯-苯酚加成型树脂和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物、酚酞和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物、二苯基硫醚和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物等。它们可以各自单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
作为前述马来酰亚胺化合物,例如可以举出下述结构式(i)~(iii)的任意者所示的各种化合物等。
(式中,R为m价的有机基团,α及β各自为氢原子、卤素原子、烷基、芳基中的任意者,s为1以上的整数。)
(式中,R为氢原子、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、卤素原子、羟基、烷氧基中的任意者,s为1~3的整数,t以重复单元的平均计为0~10。)
(式中,R为氢原子、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、卤素原子、羟基、烷氧基中的任意者,s为1~3的整数,t以重复单元的平均计为0~10。)。它们可以各自单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
作为前述活性酯树脂,没有特别限制,通常可以优选使用酚酯类、苯硫酚酯类、N-羟基胺酯类、杂环羟基化合物的酯类等1分子中具有2个以上反应活性高的酯基的化合物。前述活性酯树脂优选通过羧酸化合物和/或硫代羧酸化合物与羟基化合物和/或硫醇化合物的缩合反应而得到。特别是从耐热性提高的观点出发,优选由羧酸化合物或其卤化物与羟基化合物得到的活性酯树脂,更优选由羧酸化合物或其卤化物与苯酚化合物和/或萘酚化合物得到的活性酯树脂。作为羧酸化合物,例如可以举出苯甲酸、乙酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、衣康酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、苯均四酸等、或其卤化物。作为苯酚化合物或萘酚化合物,可以举出对苯二酚、间苯二酚、双酚A、双酚F、双酚S、二羟基二苯基醚、酚酞、甲基化双酚A、甲基化双酚F、甲基化双酚S、苯酚、邻甲酚、间甲酚、对甲酚、邻苯二酚、α-萘酚、β-萘酚、1,5-二羟基萘、1,6-二羟基萘、2,6-二羟基萘、二羟基二苯甲酮、三羟基二苯甲酮、四羟基二苯甲酮、间苯三酚、苯三醇、双环戊二烯-苯酚加成型树脂等。
作为活性酯树脂,具体而言,优选含有双环戊二烯-苯酚加成结构的活性酯系树脂、含有萘结构的活性酯树脂、作为苯酚酚醛清漆的乙酰化物的活性酯树脂、作为苯酚酚醛清漆的苯甲酰化物的活性酯树脂等,其中,在剥离强度的提高优异的方面,更优选含有双环戊二烯-苯酚加成结构的活性酯树脂、含有萘结构的活性酯树脂。作为含有双环戊二烯-苯酚加成结构的活性酯树脂,更具体而言,可以举出下述通式(iv)所示的化合物。
其中,式(iv)中,R为苯基或萘基,u表示0或1,n以重复单元的平均计为0.05~2.5。需要说明的是,从降低树脂组合物的固化物的介电损耗角正切、提高耐热性的观点出发,R优选萘基,u优选0,另外,n优选0.25~1.5。
本发明的环氧树脂组合物仅为环氧树脂组合物时固化即可进行,但也可以组合使用固化促进剂。作为固化促进剂,可以举出:咪唑、二甲基氨基吡啶等叔胺化合物;三苯基膦等磷系化合物;三氟化硼、三氟化硼单乙基胺络合物等三氟化硼胺络合物;硫代二丙酸等有机酸化合物;硫代二苯酚苯并噁嗪、磺酰苯并噁嗪等苯并噁嗪化合物;磺酰化合物等。它们可以各自单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。对于这些催化剂的添加量,优选在环氧树脂组合物100质量份中为0.001~15质量份的范围。
另外,用于对本发明的环氧树脂组合物要求高阻燃性的用途时,可以配混实质上不含卤素原子的非卤素系阻燃剂。
前述非卤素系阻燃剂例如可以举出磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、有机硅系阻燃剂、无机系阻燃剂、有机金属盐系阻燃剂等,在它们的使用时也没有任何限制,可以单独使用,也可以使用多种同一系的阻燃剂,另外,也可以组合使用不同系的阻燃剂。
前述磷系阻燃剂可以使用无机系、有机系的任意种。作为无机系化合物,例如可以举出红磷、磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵、磷酸三铵、多磷酸铵等磷酸铵类、磷酸酰胺等无机系含氮磷化合物。
另外,对于前述红磷,为了防止水解等,优选实施表面处理,作为表面处理方法,例如可以举出:(i)用氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、氢氧化锌、氢氧化钛、氧化铋、氢氧化铋、硝酸铋或它们的混合物等无机化合物进行覆盖处理的方法;(ii)用氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、氢氧化锌、氢氧化钛等无机化合物、及酚醛树脂等热固性树脂的混合物进行覆盖处理的方法;(iii)在氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、氢氧化锌、氢氧化钛等无机化合物的覆膜上用酚醛树脂等热固性树脂进行双重覆盖处理的方法等。
前述有机磷系化合物例如可以举出:磷酸酯化合物、膦酸化合物、次磷酸化合物、氧化膦化合物、正膦化合物、有机系含氮磷化合物等通用有机磷系化合物、以及9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-10H-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、10-(2,7-二羟基萘基)-10H-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物等环状有机磷化合物、以及使其与环氧树脂、酚醛树脂等化合物反应而得到的衍生物等。
作为这些磷系阻燃剂的配混量,可以根据磷系阻燃剂的种类、树脂组合物的其他成分、期望的阻燃性的程度而适宜选择,例如配混了非卤素系阻燃剂及其他填充材料、添加剂等所有成分的树脂组合物100质量份中,在使用红磷作为非卤素系阻燃剂的情况下,优选以0.1质量份~2.0质量份的范围配混,在使用有机磷化合物的情况下,同样地优选以0.1质量份~10.0质量份的范围配混,更优选以0.5质量份~6.0质量份的范围配混。
另外,使用前述磷系阻燃剂的情况下,该磷系阻燃剂中可以组合使用水滑石、氢氧化镁、硼化合物、氧化锆、黑色染料、碳酸钙、沸石、钼酸锌、活性炭等。
前述氮系阻燃剂例如可以举出三嗪化合物、氰脲酸化合物、异氰脲酸化合物、吩噻嗪等,优选三嗪化合物、氰脲酸化合物、异氰脲酸化合物。
前述三嗪化合物例如可以举出:三聚氰胺、甲基胍胺、苯并胍胺、氰尿酰胺(melon)、蜜勒胺(melem)、琥珀酰胍胺、亚乙基双三聚氰胺、多磷酸三聚氰胺、三胍胺等,除此之外,例如可以举出:(1)硫酸脒基三聚氰胺、硫酸蜜白胺、硫酸蜜勒胺(melem)等硫酸氨基三嗪化合物,(2)苯酚、甲酚、二甲酚、丁基苯酚、壬基苯酚等酚类与三聚氰胺、苯并胍胺、甲基胍胺、甲酞缩肌胺(formoguanamine)等三聚氰胺类及甲醛的共缩合物,(3)前述(2)的缩聚物与苯酚甲醛缩合物等酚醛树脂类的混合物、(4)进一步用桐油、异构化亚麻子油等对前述(2)、(3)进行改性而得到的物质等。
前述氰脲酸化合物例如可以举出氰脲酸、氰脲酸三聚氰胺等。
作为前述氮系阻燃剂的配混量,根据氮系阻燃剂的种类、树脂组合物的其他成分、期望的阻燃性的程度而适当选择,例如在配混了非卤素系阻燃剂及其他填充材料、添加剂等所有成分的树脂组合物100质量份中,优选以0.05~10质量份的范围配混,更优选以0.1质量份~5质量份的范围配混。
另外,使用前述氮系阻燃剂时,可以组合使用金属氢氧化物、钼化合物等。
前述有机硅系阻燃剂只要是含有硅原子的有机化合物就没有特别限制,例如可以举出:硅油、硅橡胶、有机硅树脂等。作为前述有机硅系阻燃剂的配混量,根据有机硅系阻燃剂的种类、树脂组合物的其他成分、期望的阻燃性的程度而适当选择,例如在配混了非卤素系阻燃剂及其他填充材料、添加剂等所有成分的树脂组合物100质量份中,优选以0.05~20质量份的范围配混。另外,使用前述有机硅系阻燃剂时,可以组合使用钼化合物、氧化铝等。
前述无机系阻燃剂例如可以举出金属氢氧化物、金属氧化物、金属碳酸盐化合物、金属粉、硼化合物、低熔点玻璃等。
前述金属氢氧化物例如可以举出氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、白云石、水滑石、氢氧化钙、氢氧化钡、氢氧化锆等。
前述金属氧化物例如可以举出钼酸锌、三氧化钼、锡酸锌、氧化锡、氧化铝、氧化铁、氧化钛、氧化锰、氧化锆、氧化锌、氧化钼、氧化锆、氧化铋、氧化铬、氧化镍、氧化铜、氧化钨等。
前述金属碳酸盐化合物例如可以举出碳酸锌、碳酸镁、碳酸钙、碳酸钡、碱性碳酸镁、碳酸铝、碳酸鉄、碳酸锆、碳酸钛等。
前述金属粉例如可以举出铝、铁、钛、锰、锌、钼、钴、铋、铬、镍、铜、钨、锡等。
前述硼化合物例如可以举出硼酸锌、偏硼酸锌、偏硼酸钡、硼酸、硼砂等。
前述低熔点玻璃例如可以举出CEEPREE(Bokusui Brown Co.,Ltd.)、水合玻璃SiO2-MgO-H2O、PbO-B2O3系、ZnO-P2O5-MgO系、P2O5-B2O3-PbO-MgO系、P-Sn-O-F系、PbO-V2O5-TeO2系、Al2O3-H2O系、硼硅酸铅系等玻璃状化合物。
作为前述无机系阻燃剂的配混量,可以根据无机系阻燃剂的种类、树脂组合物的其他成分、期望的阻燃性的程度来适宜选择,例如在配混了非卤素系阻燃剂及其他填充材料、添加剂等所有成分的树脂组合物100质量份中,优选以0.05质量份~20质量份的范围配混,更优选以0.5质量份~15质量份的范围配混。
前述有机金属盐系阻燃剂例如可以举出:二茂铁、乙酰丙酮金属络合物、有机金属羰基化合物、有机钴盐化合物、有机磺酸金属盐、金属原子与芳香族化合物或杂环化合物进行离子键合或配位键合而得到的化合物等。
作为前述有机金属盐系阻燃剂的配混量,根据有机金属盐系阻燃剂的种类、树脂组合物的其他成分、期望的阻燃性的程度而适宜选择,例如在配混了非卤素系阻燃剂及其他填充材料、添加剂等所有成分的树脂组合物100质量份中,优选以0.005质量份~10质量份的范围配混。
本发明的环氧树脂组合物可以根据需要配混无机填充材料。前述无机填充材料例如可以举出熔融二氧化硅、晶体二氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅、氢氧化铝等。在使前述无机填充材料的配混量特别大时,优选使用熔融二氧化硅。前述熔融二氧化硅可以使用粉碎状、球状中的任一种,为了提高熔融二氧化硅的配混量且抑制成型材料的熔融粘度的上升,优选主要使用球状的熔融二氧化硅。进而,为了提高球状二氧化硅的配混量,优选适当调整球状二氧化硅的粒度分布。对于其填充率,考虑到阻燃性,优选高者,相对于环氧树脂组合物的总质量,特别优选20质量%以上。另外,用于导电糊剂等用途时,可以使用银粉、铜粉等导电性填充剂。
本发明的环氧树脂组合物除此之外可以根据需要添加硅烷偶联剂、脱模剂、颜料、乳化剂等各种配混剂。
<环氧树脂组合物的用途>
本发明的环氧树脂组合物可以适用于半导体密封材料、半导体装置、预浸料、印刷电路基板、积层基板、积层薄膜、纤维增强复合材料、纤维增强树脂成型品、导电糊剂等。
1.半导体密封材料
作为由本发明的环氧树脂组合物得到半导体密封材料的方法,可以举出根据需要使用挤出机、捏合机、辊等将前述环氧树脂组合物、前述固化促进剂、及无机填充剂等配混剂充分熔融混合直至变得均匀的方法。此时,作为无机填充剂,通常可以使用熔融二氧化硅,作为功率晶体管、功率IC用高热传导半导体密封材料使用时,使用与熔融二氧化硅相比热传导率高的晶体二氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅等高填充化、或熔融二氧化硅、结晶性二氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅等即可。对于其填充率,相对于环氧树脂组合物100质量份,优选以30质量%~95质量%的范围使用无机填充剂,其中,为了实现阻燃性、耐湿性、耐焊锡裂纹性的提高、线膨胀系数的降低,更优选为70质量份以上、进一步优选为80质量份以上。
2.半导体装置
作为由本发明的环氧树脂组合物得到半导体装置的方法,可以举出如下方法:将前述半导体密封材料浇铸成型,或使用传递成型机、注射成型机等成型,进而在50~200℃下加热2~10小时的时间。
3.预浸料
作为由本发明的环氧树脂组合物得到预浸料的方法,可以举出如下方法:将配混有机溶剂而清漆化的固化性树脂组合物浸渍于加强基材(纸、玻璃布、玻璃无纺布、芳族聚酰胺纸、芳族聚酰胺布、玻璃毡、玻璃粗纱布等)后,在与使用的溶剂种类相应的加热温度、优选50~170℃下进行加热,由此得到预浸料。作为此时使用的树脂组合物和加强基材的质量比例,没有特别限定,通常优选以预浸料中的树脂成分为20质量%~60质量%的方式进行调制。
作为此处使用的有机溶剂,可以举出甲基乙基酮、丙酮、二甲基甲酰胺、甲基异丁基酮、甲氧基丙醇、环己酮、甲基溶纤剂、乙基二甘醇乙酸酯、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯等,其选择、适当的用量可以根据用途适宜选择,例如,如下所述在由预浸料进一步制造印刷电路基板时,优选使用甲基乙基酮、丙酮、二甲基甲酰胺等沸点为160℃以下的极性溶剂,另外,优选以不挥发成分成为40质量%~80质量%的比率使用。
4.印刷电路基板
作为由本发明的环氧树脂组合物得到印刷电路基板的方法,可以举出如下方法:将前述预浸料通过常规方法层叠,适当重叠铜箔,在1~10MPa的加压下于170~300℃加热压接10分钟~3小时。
5.积层基板
作为由本发明的环氧树脂组合物得到积层基板的方法,可以举出经由工序1~3的方法。工序1中,首先,将适宜配混有橡胶、填料等的前述固化性树脂组合物使用喷涂法、帘式涂布法等涂布在形成有电路的电路基板上,然后使其固化。工序2中,根据需要,对涂布有环氧树脂组合物的电路基板进行规定的通孔部等的开孔后,利用粗糙化剂进行处理,热水洗涤其表面,由此在前述基板上形成凹凸,镀敷处理铜等金属。工序3中,根据期望依次重复工序1~2的操作,将树脂绝缘层及规定的电路图案的导体层交替积层而成型积层基板。需要说明的是,前述工序中,通孔部的开孔在最外层的树脂绝缘层的形成后进行即可。另外,对于本发明的积层基板,也可以在铜箔上使该树脂组合物半固化的带树脂铜箔以170~300℃加热压接在形成有电路的布线基板上,由此形成粗糙化面,省略镀敷处理的工序,制作积层基板。
6.积层薄膜
作为由本发明的环氧树脂组合物得到积层薄膜的方法,例如可以举出:在支撑薄膜上涂布固化性树脂组合物后,使其干燥,在支撑薄膜上形成树脂组合物层的方法。将本发明的环氧树脂组合物用于积层薄膜时,该薄膜在真空层压法中的层压的温度条件(通常70℃~140℃)下软化,与电路基板的层压同时地显示存在于电路基板的导通孔或通孔内的填充树脂的可流动性(树脂流动)是重要的,为了显现这样的特性,优选配混前述各成分。
此处,电路基板的通孔的直径通常为0.1~0.5mm、深度通常为0.1~1.2mm,通常优选能以该范围填充树脂。需要说明的是,将电路基板的两面层压时,期望填充至通孔的1/2左右。
作为制造前述积层薄膜的具体的方法,可以举出如下方法:配混有机溶剂制备清漆化的环氧树脂组合物,然后在支撑薄膜(Y)的表面涂布前述组合物,进而通过加热、或热风吹送等使有机溶剂干燥,形成环氧树脂组合物的层(X)。
作为此处使用的有机溶剂,例如优选使用丙酮、甲基乙基酮、环己酮等酮类、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、溶纤剂乙酸酯、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、卡必醇乙酸酯等乙酸酯类、溶纤剂、丁基卡必醇等卡必醇类、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烃类、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等,另外,优选以不挥发成分成为30质量%~60质量%的比例使用。
需要说明的是,形成的前述树脂组合物的层(X)的厚度通常需要为导体层的厚度以上。电路基板具有的导体层的厚度通常为5~70μm的范围,因此,树脂组合物层的厚度优选具有10~100μm的厚度。需要说明的是,本发明中的前述树脂组合物的层(X)可以用后述的保护薄膜保护。通过用保护薄膜进行保护,可以防止灰尘等对树脂组合物层表面的附着、刮痕。
前述的支撑薄膜及保护薄膜可以举出聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等聚烯烃、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(以下有时简称为“PET”)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯等聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、以及脱模纸、铜箔、铝箔等金属箔等。需要说明的是,支撑薄膜及保护薄膜可以实施亚光处理、电晕处理,除此之外,可以实施脱模处理。支撑薄膜的厚度没有特别限定,通常以10~150μm、优选以25~50μm的范围使用。另外,保护薄膜的厚度优选为1~40μm。
前述支撑薄膜(Y)在层压于电路基板后、或通过加热固化而形成绝缘层后被剥离。构成积层薄膜的环氧树脂组合物层在加热固化后,若剥离支撑薄膜(Y),则可以防止固化工序中的灰尘等的附着。在固化后剥离时,通常对支撑薄膜预先实施脱模处理。
需要说明的是,可以由前述那样得到的积层薄膜制造多层印刷电路基板。例如,前述树脂组合物的层(X)被保护薄膜保护时,将它们剥离后,将前述树脂组合物的层(X)以与电路基板直接接触的方式利用例如真空层压法层压于电路基板的单面或两面。层压的方法可以为分批式,也可以为采用辊的连续式。另外,根据需要,可以在进行层压之前根据需要预先加热(预加热)积层薄膜及电路基板。对于层压的条件,优选将压接温度(层压温度)设为70~140℃,优选将压接压力设为1~11kgf/cm2(9.8×104~107.9×104N/m2),优选在空气压力为20mmHg(26.7hPa)以下的减压下进行层压。
7.纤维增强复合材料
作为由本发明的环氧树脂组合物得到纤维增强复合材料(树脂浸渗于增强纤维而得到的片状的中间材料)的方法,可以举出如下方法:将构成环氧树脂组合物的各成分均匀混合而制备清漆,接着将其浸渍于由增强纤维形成的增强基材后,进行聚合反应从而制造。
进行所述聚合反应时的固化温度具体而言优选为50~250℃的温度范围,特别优选在50~100℃下使其固化,制成无粘性状的固化物后,进而在120~200℃的温度条件下进行处理。
此处,增强纤维可以为加捻纱、解捻纱、或无捻纱等的任意种,从兼具纤维增强塑料制构件的成型性和机械强度的方面出发,优选解捻纱、无捻纱。进而,增强纤维的形态可以使用纤维方向在一个方向上并拢的纤维、织物。对于织物,可以从平纹、缎纹等中根据使用的部位、用途而自由地选择。具体而言,从机械强度、耐久性优异的方面出发,可以举出碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、硼纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维等,也可以组合使用这些的2种以上。其中,从成型品的强度良好的方面出发,特别优选碳纤维,所述碳纤维可以使用聚丙烯腈系、沥青系、人造丝系等各种物质。其中,优选容易得到高强度的碳纤维的聚丙烯腈系的碳纤维。此处,对于将清漆浸渗于包含增强纤维的增强基材从而制成纤维增强复合材料时的增强纤维的用量,优选该纤维增强复合材料中的增强纤维的体积含有率为40%~85%的范围的量。
8.纤维增强树脂成型品
作为由本发明的环氧树脂组合物得到纤维增强成型品(树脂浸渗于增强纤维的片状构件固化而成的成型品)的方法,可以举出:在模具中铺上纤维骨材,层叠多层前述清漆的手工涂敷法;喷涂成形法;使用阳模/阴模的任一者,边使清漆浸渗于包含增强纤维的基材中边进行堆叠而成型,盖上能够使压力作用于成型物的挠性模具,对经气密密封的成形物进行真空(减压)成型的真空袋法;预先将含有增强纤维的清漆制成片状,将其用金属模具压缩成型的SMC压制法;利用在铺满纤维的组合模中注入前述清漆的RTM法等,制造使前述清漆浸渗于增强纤维的预浸料,将其用大型的高压釜进行烧结的方法等。需要说明的是,前述得到的纤维增强树脂成型品为具有增强纤维和环氧树脂组合物的固化物的成型品,具体而言,纤维增强成型品中的增强纤维的量优选为40质量%~70质量%的范围,从强度的观点出发,特别优选为50质量%~70质量%的范围。
9.导电糊剂
作为由本发明的环氧树脂组合物得到导电糊剂的方法,例如可以举出使微细导电性颗粒分散于该固化性树脂组合物中的方法。前述导电糊剂可以根据使用的微细导电性颗粒的种类而制成电路连接用糊剂树脂组合物、各向异性导电粘接剂。
实施例
接着,通过实施例、比较例具体说明本发明,以下中“份”及“%”只要没有特别说明,就为质量基准。
合成例1:4-叔丁基邻苯二酚与环氧氯丙烷的缩聚物的合成
在具备温度计、滴液漏斗、冷凝管、搅拌机、挡板的、在下部带分液阀的2升的可拆式烧瓶中,投入4-叔丁基邻苯二酚200g、环氧氯丙烷892g、异丙醇268g,并搅拌使其溶解,加热至40℃。之后从滴液漏斗用3小时滴加20%氢氧化钠水溶液554g。滴加结束后持续搅拌30分钟,使反应结束。之后停止搅拌并静置,将下层的食盐水分液并去除。接着,将过剩的环氧氯丙烷、异丙醇、水蒸馏回收。使所得粗树脂用甲苯503g溶解,加入5%氢氧化钠水溶液50g,以80℃搅拌3小时。之后使通过水洗生成的盐和碱进行油水分离,去除,经过脱水、过滤,将甲苯蒸馏回收,得到环氧树脂(A’-1)。将该环氧树脂(A’-1)的GPC测定中得到的谱图示于图1。GPC测定中的最大峰的面积比率为80%。
需要说明的是,GPC测定利用下述的方法实施。
<GPC测定条件>
测定装置:东曹株式会社制“HLC-8320GPC”、
柱:东曹株式会社制保护柱“HXL-L”
+东曹株式会社制“TSK-GEL G2000HXL”
+东曹株式会社制“TSK-GEL G2000HXL”
+东曹株式会社制“TSK-GEL G3000HXL”
+东曹株式会社制“TSK-GEL G4000HXL”
检测器:RI(差示折光计)
数据处理:东曹株式会社制“GPC工作站EcoSEC-WorkStation”
测定条件:柱温度 40℃
展开溶剂 四氢呋喃
流速 1.0ml/分钟
标准:根据前述“GPC工作站EcoSEC-WorkStation”的测定手册,使用分子量已知的下述单分散聚苯乙烯。
(使用聚苯乙烯)
东曹株式会社制“A-500”
东曹株式会社制“A-1000”
东曹株式会社制“A-2500”
东曹株式会社制“A-5000”
东曹株式会社制“F-1”
东曹株式会社制“F-2”
东曹株式会社制“F-4”
东曹株式会社制“F-10”
东曹株式会社制“F-20”
东曹株式会社制“F-40”
东曹株式会社制“F-80”
东曹株式会社制“F-128”
试样:使用微滤器对以树脂固体成分换算计为1.0质量%的四氢呋喃溶液进行过滤所得的物质(50μl)。
实施例1
用导热面积约0.03m2的降膜式分子蒸馏装置(柴田科学株式会社制),在2~20Pa的真空度下,以供给液速度100ml/h、蒸发面的温度220~250℃,对合成例1中得到的环氧树脂(A’-1)进行处理,作为蒸馏成分,以收率71%得到环氧树脂(A-1)。将环氧树脂(A-1)的GPC测定的谱图示于图2。GPC测定中的最大峰的面积比率为95%。
实施例2
用导热面积约0.03m2的降膜式分子蒸馏装置(柴田科学株式会社制),在2~20Pa的真空度下,以供给液速度100ml/h、蒸发面的温度180~210℃,对合成例1中得到的环氧树脂(A’-1)进行处理,作为蒸馏成分,以收率57%得到环氧树脂(A-2)。环氧树脂(A-2)的GPC测定中的最大峰的面积比率为96%。
实施例3
用导热面积约0.03m2的降膜式分子蒸馏装置(柴田科学株式会社制),在2~20Pa的真空度下,以供给液速度100ml/h、蒸发面的温度140~170℃,对合成例1中得到的环氧树脂(A’-1)进行处理,作为蒸馏成分,以收率48%得到环氧树脂(A-3)。环氧树脂(A-3)的GPC测定中的最大峰的面积比率为97%。
比较例中使用的环氧树脂(A’-2)为双酚A型液态环氧树脂EPICLON 850-S(DIC株式会社制),环氧树脂(A’-3)为双酚F型液态环氧树脂EPICLON 830-S(DIC株式会社制)。
将实施例1~3中得到的环氧树脂和比较例中使用的环氧树脂的物性值记载于表1。
[表1]
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 比较例1 | 比较例2 | 比较例3 | |
环氧树脂 | (A-1) | (A-2) | (A-a) | (A’-1) | (A’-2) | (A’-3) |
环氧当量(g/eq.) | 202 | 199 | 197 | 210 | 188 | 169 |
粘度(mPa·s) | 620 | 530 | 490 | 1260 | 13100 | 3510 |
总氯(ppm) | 1320 | 1190 | 1120 | 2100 | 1500 | 1430 |
<固化物的制作方法>
在涂布有脱模剂的厚度2mm的玻璃板与玻璃板之间,浇铸以25℃混合/脱气了环氧树脂、固化剂(Me-THPA:甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐)和固化促进剂的树脂组合物,以80℃加热1小时后,以110℃加热4小时,制作固化物。
<凝胶时间的测定方法>
在加热至150℃的热板上,将以25℃经混合/脱气的树脂组合物1ml加热,测定凝胶时间。
<吸湿率的测定方法>
将固化物切成宽度25mm、长度75mm的尺寸,将其作为试验片,用HAST装置(株式会社平山制作所制),在121℃/100%RH的气氛下放置4小时,测定处理前后的重量变化。
<机械强度的测定方法>
将固化物切成宽度10mm、长度80mm的尺寸,将其作为试验片,用万能试验机(株式会社岛津制作所制AGI),求出室温下的弯曲强度/弯曲模量。需要说明的是,以n=3测定,采用平均值。另外,对于试验片的膜厚和宽度,测定5个点,将平均值用于计算值。
[表2]
Claims (17)
1.一种环氧树脂,其特征在于,其为以任选具有碳数1~8的烷基作为芳香环上的取代基的二羟基苯的环氧化物为主成分的环氧树脂(A),GPC测定中的最大峰的面积比率为90%以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环氧树脂,其中,所述环氧树脂(A)为下述结构式(1)所示的环氧树脂,
结构式(1)中,R1为氢原子或碳数1~8的烷基,R为氢原子或缩水甘油基,m为1~4,n表示重复单元数,以平均值计为0.01~5,每个重复单元中R、R1、m任选相同或不同。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的环氧树脂,其中,所述环氧树脂(A)中的总氯含量为2000ppm以下。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的环氧树脂,其中,所述结构式(1)中的R1为丁基,m为1。
5.根据权利要求4所述的环氧树脂,其中,环氧当量为190~205g/eq的范围。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的环氧树脂,其中,所述环氧树脂(A)的25℃下的粘度为400~1000mPa·s的范围。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的环氧树脂,其中,所述二羟基苯为叔丁基邻苯二酚。
8.一种环氧树脂组合物,其以权利要求1~7中任一项所述的环氧树脂和固化剂为必须成分。
9.一种固化物,其是权利要求8所述的环氧树脂组合物的固化物。
10.一种半导体密封材料,其含有:权利要求8所述的环氧树脂组合物和无机填充材料。
11.一种半导体装置,其为权利要求10所述的半导体密封材料的固化物。
12.一种预浸料,其为具有权利要求8所述的环氧树脂组合物和增强基材的浸渗基材的半固化物。
13.一种电路板,其是由权利要求8所述的环氧树脂组合物的板状赋型物和铜箔形成的。
14.一种积层薄膜,其是由权利要求8所述的环氧树脂组合物的固化物和基材薄膜形成的。
15.一种纤维增强复合材料,其含有:权利要求8所述的环氧树脂组合物和增强纤维。
16.一种纤维增强成型品,其为权利要求15所述的纤维增强复合材料的固化物。
17.一种环氧树脂的制造方法,其特征在于,具备如下工序:使任选具有碳数1~8的烷基作为芳香环上的取代基的二羟基苯与环氧卤丙烷反应后,进行蒸馏纯化。
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- 2018-03-13 US US16/495,482 patent/US20200087444A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN114685944A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-01 | 陕西生益科技有限公司 | 一种热固性树脂组合物、包含其的预浸料、层压板及印制电路板 |
CN114685944B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2024-01-30 | 陕西生益科技有限公司 | 一种热固性树脂组合物、包含其的预浸料、层压板及印制电路板 |
WO2023006005A1 (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | 环氧树脂及其制备方法、树脂组合物 |
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WO2018180451A1 (ja) | 2018-10-04 |
TWI751310B (zh) | 2022-01-01 |
KR20190127694A (ko) | 2019-11-13 |
TW201840624A (zh) | 2018-11-16 |
KR102398337B1 (ko) | 2022-05-17 |
JP6660576B2 (ja) | 2020-03-11 |
US20200087444A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 |
JPWO2018180451A1 (ja) | 2019-11-21 |
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