JP6813104B2 - エポキシ樹脂組成物、硬化性樹脂組成物及び繊維強化複合材料 - Google Patents
エポキシ樹脂組成物、硬化性樹脂組成物及び繊維強化複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6813104B2 JP6813104B2 JP2019555247A JP2019555247A JP6813104B2 JP 6813104 B2 JP6813104 B2 JP 6813104B2 JP 2019555247 A JP2019555247 A JP 2019555247A JP 2019555247 A JP2019555247 A JP 2019555247A JP 6813104 B2 JP6813104 B2 JP 6813104B2
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 33
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
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- BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium(4+);dicarbonate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O FOZHTJJTSSSURD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NFMWFGXCDDYTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;diborate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] NFMWFGXCDDYTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPCXNCATNBAPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Zn] IPCXNCATNBAPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZRXQXJGIQEYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxido(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]B=O.[O-]B=O PZRXQXJGIQEYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium dihydride Chemical compound [ZrH2] QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000568 zirconium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXORVIZLPOGIRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-methylphenethylamine Chemical compound NCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AXORVIZLPOGIRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/02—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
- C08G59/04—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof
- C08G59/06—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/02—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
- C08G59/10—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyamines with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2463/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
で表されるグリシジルエーテル化物(a2)の含有量が、得られる硬化物の耐熱性、機械特性の観点から、GPC測定における面積比率で55%以上であることが好ましく、65%以上であることがより好ましく、70%以上であることがさらに好ましく、78%以上であることが特に好ましく、80〜95%であることが最も好ましい。なお、本明細書において、「GPC測定における面積比率」とは、反応生成物をGPC測定して得られるGPCチャートのうち、対象とする化合物が占める面積の比率である。具体的な測定方法については、実施例に記載の方法である。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、難燃性を発揮させるために、実質的にハロゲン原子を含有しない非ハロゲン系難燃剤を含有していてもよい。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、充填材を含有していてもよい。本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物が充填材を含有すると、得られる硬化物において優れた機械特性を発現させることができるようになる。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、添加剤を含有していてもよい。本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物が添加剤を含有すると、得られる硬化物において剛性や寸法安定性等、他の特性が向上する。添加剤としては、例えば可塑剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤等の安定剤、帯電防止剤、導電性付与剤、応力緩和剤、離型剤、結晶化促進剤、加水分解抑制剤、潤滑剤、衝撃付与剤、摺動性改良剤、相溶化剤、核剤、強化剤、補強剤、流動調整剤、染料、増感材、着色用顔料、ゴム質重合体、増粘剤、沈降防止剤、タレ防止剤、消泡剤、カップリング剤、防錆剤、抗菌・防カビ剤、防汚剤、導電性高分子等を添加することも可能である。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、フィラメントワインディング法にて繊維強化樹脂成形品を製造する場合などには、有機溶剤を含有していてもよい。ここで使用し得る有機溶剤としては、メチルエチルケトンアセトン、ジメチルホルムアミド、メチルイソブチルケトン、メトキシプロパノール、シクロヘキサノン、メチルセロソルブ、エチルジグリコールアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等が挙げられ、その選択や適正な使用量は用途によって適宜選択し得る。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物から硬化物を得る方法としては、一般的なエポキシ樹脂組成物の硬化方法に準拠すればよく、例えば加熱温度条件は、組み合わせる硬化剤の種類や用途等によって、適宜選択すればよい。例えば、硬化性樹脂組成物を、室温〜250℃程度の温度範囲で加熱する方法が挙げられる。成形方法なども硬化性樹脂組成物の一般的な方法が用いること可能であり、特に本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物に特有の条件は不要である。
本発明の繊維強化複合材料とは、硬化性樹脂組成物を強化繊維に含浸させた後の硬化前の状態の材料のことである。ここで、強化繊維は、有撚糸、解撚糸、又は無撚糸などいずれでも良いが、解撚糸や無撚糸が、繊維強化複合材料において優れた成形性を有することから、好ましい。さらに、強化繊維の形態は、繊維方向が一方向に引き揃えたものや、織物が使用できる。織物では、平織り、朱子織りなどから、使用する部位や用途に応じて自由に選択することができる。具体的には、機械的強度や耐久性に優れることから、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、ボロン繊維、アルミナ繊維、炭化ケイ素繊維などが挙げられ、これらの2種以上を併用することもできる。これらの中でもとりわけ成形品の強度が良好なものとなる点から炭素繊維が好ましく、かかる、炭素繊維は、ポリアクリロニトリル系、ピッチ系、レーヨン系などの各種のものが使用できる。
本発明の繊維強化樹脂成形品とは、強化繊維と硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物とを有する成形品であり、繊維強化複合材料を熱硬化させて得られるものである。本発明の繊維強化樹脂成形品として、具体的には、繊維強化成形品における強化繊維の体積含有率が40%〜85%の範囲であることが好ましく、強度の観点から50%〜70%の範囲であることが特に好ましい。そのような繊維強化樹脂成形品としては、例えば、フロントサブフレーム、リアサブフレーム、フロントピラー、センターピラー、サイドメンバー、クロスメンバー、サイドシル、ルーフレール、プロペラシャフトなどの自動車部品、電線ケーブルのコア部材、海底油田用のパイプ材、印刷機用ロール・パイプ材、ロボットフォーク材、航空機の一次構造材、二次構造材などを挙げることができる。
<GPC測定条件>
測定装置 :東ソー株式会社製「HLC−8220 GPC」、
カラム:東ソー株式会社製ガードカラム「HXL−L」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK−GEL G2000HXL」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK−GEL G2000HXL」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK−GEL G3000HXL」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK−GEL G4000HXL」
検出器: RI(示差屈折計)
データ処理:東ソー株式会社製「GPC−8020モデルIIバージョン4.10」
測定条件: カラム温度 40℃
展開溶媒 テトラヒドロフラン
流速 1.0ml/分
標準 : 前記「GPC−8020モデルIIバージョン4.10」の測定マニュアルに準拠して、分子量が既知の下記の単分散ポリスチレンを用いた。
東ソー株式会社製「A−500」
東ソー株式会社製「A−1000」
東ソー株式会社製「A−2500」
東ソー株式会社製「A−5000」
東ソー株式会社製「F−1」
東ソー株式会社製「F−2」
東ソー株式会社製「F−4」
東ソー株式会社製「F−10」
東ソー株式会社製「F−20」
東ソー株式会社製「F−40」
東ソー株式会社製「F−80」
東ソー株式会社製「F−128」
試料 : 樹脂固形分換算で1.0質量%のテトラヒドロフラン溶液をマイクロフィルターでろ過したもの(50μl)。
装置:日本電子株式会社製 JNM−ECA500
測定モード:逆ゲート付きデカップリング
溶媒:重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド
パルス角度:30°パルス
試料濃度 :30wt%
積算回数 :4000回
ケミカルシフトの基準:ジメチルスルホキシドのピーク:39.5ppm
粘度計(TOKI SANGYO CO.LTD.VISCOMETER TV−22)を用い、得られた硬化性樹脂組成物の粘度を25℃で測定した。
得られた硬化性樹脂組成物、幅90mm、長さ110mm、厚さ2mmの型枠内に流し込み、150℃で1時間硬化後、180℃で3時間硬化させた。得られた硬化物をダイヤモンドカッターで幅5mm、長さ55mmに切り出し、これを試験片とした。次に、粘弾性測定装置(DMA:レオメトリック社製固体粘弾性測定装置RSAII、レクタンギュラーテンション法;周波数1Hz、昇温速度3℃/min、最高測定温度350℃)を用い、硬化物について貯蔵弾性率と損失弾性率の比である損失正接が最大となる(tanδ値が最も大きい)温度を測定し、これをガラス転移温度(Tg)とした。
得られた硬化性樹脂組成物をJIS K7171に従って、硬化物の曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、曲げひずみを測定した。また、曲げ試験で得られたS−Sカーブの積分をとることによりエネルギーを算出し、試験片の単位面積当たりのエネルギーを曲げ靭性とした。
硬化性はゲルタイムにより評価した。得られた硬化性樹脂組成物を180℃のホットプレートの上に1cm3流し入れ、攪拌棒でかき混ぜながら、エポキシ樹脂組成物の流動性が無くなるまでの時間を測定した。
工程(1)
温度計、滴下ロート、冷却管、窒素導入管、撹拌機を取り付けたフラスコに、カテコール165g(1.50mol)、エピクロルヒドリン1388g(15mol)を添加し、50℃まで昇温した。次いで、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム11.2g(0.06mol)を添加し、50℃で15時間撹拌した。
前記工程(1)で得られた反応液に蒸留水1000mLを注いで撹拌し、静置後に上層を除去した。48%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液318gを2.5時間かけて滴下し、1時間撹拌を行った。
合成例1の工程(1)におけるカテコール165g(1.50mol)をピロガロール126g(1.00mol)に、MIBK566gを500gに、水167gを147gに変更した以外は合成例1と同様の方法でエポキシ樹脂を製造した。合成例1と同様の方法で環状化合物の含有量、1,2,3−トリグリシジルオキシベンゼンのGPC測定における面積比率、エポキシ当量、エポキシ樹脂の粘度を測定したところ、それぞれ0.086mol/100g、77%、128g/当量、および3100mPa.sであった。尚、13C NMR測定の結果〔チャート〕を図2とした。
下記表1に示す配合(質量基準)に従って各成分を配合し、均一に撹拌混合して、硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。該組成物について、前記の要領で各種評価試験を行った。結果を表1〜2に示す。
・エポキシ樹脂A−1:合成例1で得たカテコール型エポキシ樹脂
・エポキシ樹脂A−2:合成例2で得たピロガロール型エポキシ樹脂
・エポキシ樹脂A’:DIC株式会社製「HP−820」エポキシ当量210g/当量
・エポキシ樹脂B:SYNASIA社製「S−720」(4,4’−メチレンビス(N,N−ジグリシジルアニリン))エポキシ当量111g/当量
・硬化剤:和歌山精化工業株式会社製「SEIKACURE−S」(ジアミノジフェニルスルホン)
Claims (14)
- 芳香環上の置換基としてメチル基を有していてもよいピロガロールと、エピハロヒドリンと、の反応物であるエポキシ樹脂(A)と、芳香族グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂(B)と、を含有するエポキシ樹脂組成物であって、
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)と、前記エポキシ樹脂(B)との配合比が(A)/(B)で表される質量比として25/75〜75/25の範囲であり、
前記エポキシ樹脂(A)及び前記エポキシ樹脂(B)の合計含有量が、前記エポキシ樹脂組成物中に80質量%以上であることを特徴とするエポキシ樹脂組成物。 - 前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、芳香環上の置換基としてメチル基を有していてもよいピロガロールに由来する2つの隣接酸素原子を構成原子として含む環状構造を有する環状化合物(a1)を含むものである請求項1記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記環状化合物(a1)の含有量が、エポキシ樹脂(A)100gに対して、0.040〜0.115molの範囲である請求項2記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂(A)が、ピロガロールとエピハロヒドリンとの反応物であって、そのエポキシ当量が108〜170g/eqである請求項1〜4の何れか1項記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 前記芳香族グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂(B)が4,4’−メチレンビス(N,N−ジグリシジルアニリン)である請求項1〜5の何れか1項記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1〜6の何れか1項記載のエポキシ樹脂組成物と硬化剤(C)とを含有する硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 前記硬化剤(C)がジアミノジフェニルスルホンである請求項7記載の硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項7又は8記載の硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物。
- 請求項7又は8記載の硬化性樹脂組成物と、強化繊維とを必須成分とする繊維強化複合材料。
- 強化繊維の体積含有率が40%〜85%の範囲内である請求項10記載の繊維強化複合材料。
- 請求項9記載の硬化物と強化繊維とを必須成分とする繊維強化樹脂成形品。
- 前記強化繊維の体積含有率が40%〜85%の範囲内である請求項12記載の繊維強化樹脂成形品。
- 請求項10又は11記載の繊維強化複合材料を熱硬化させる繊維強化樹脂成形品の製造方法。
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