CN110403055B - 一种低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法 - Google Patents
一种低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110403055B CN110403055B CN201910541584.6A CN201910541584A CN110403055B CN 110403055 B CN110403055 B CN 110403055B CN 201910541584 A CN201910541584 A CN 201910541584A CN 110403055 B CN110403055 B CN 110403055B
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Abstract
本发明属于食品加工领域,公开了一种低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法,包括:将活鲍清洗去污,二道高压脉冲盐水冲洗表面膜渍,烫煮熟化后盐水冷却,将鲍鱼肉、鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳分离;鲍鱼肉速冻后制成低温熟冻鲍;鲍鱼内脏破碎后经复合风味蛋白酶酶解,灭酶,脱腥脱脂脱色,过滤,膜分离纯化,浓缩,麦芽糊精分散,干燥,粉碎得风味鲍鱼小分子肽;鲍鱼壳粉碎后酸浸提Ca2+,浓缩,析晶,离心,干燥得葡萄糖酸钙;以低温熟冻鲍作为至少部分食材,以风味鲍鱼小分子肽和葡萄糖酸钙配以常规调味料调制高汤,生产佛跳墙。采用本发明提供的方法不仅能够防止佛跳墙蒸煮后高汤出现褐变,而且还能够实现低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳的联产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工领域,公开了一种低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法。
背景技术
佛跳墙,又名满坛香、福寿全,是福建福州的当地名菜,属闽菜系。相传,它是在清道光年间由福州聚春园菜馆老板郑春发研制出来的。佛跳墙富含营养,可促进发育,美容,延缓衰老,增强免疫力,乃进补佳品。然而,制作这道美食的工序十分繁琐。佛跳墙的原料有十几种之多,主要由鲍鱼、海参、鱼唇等与高汤汇聚到一起,文火煨制十几个小时以上,这种味道才能真正达到醇厚的特点。佛跳墙食材处理繁琐,加工耗时长,投入人力,物力大,能耗高,更为重要的是,蒸煮后佛跳墙高汤极易褐变。
鲍鱼是爬附在浅海低潮线以下岩石上的一种单壳类软体动物,肉质柔嫩细滑,滋味极其鲜美,是海产“八珍”之一。鲍鱼是名贵的海产品,营养丰富,富含精氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸、维生素E和微量元素及其他生理活性物质,对维持机体酸碱平衡、神经肌肉的兴奋方面具有重要作用。我国鲍鱼年产量已经达到8万吨,而且顺应市场发展的需要,鲍鱼加工业也开始出现蓬勃发展的趋势,在加工过程中必然会产生约占鲍鱼重量1/4的内脏副产物以及鲍鱼壳。冷冻是海产品加工的主要方式,冻品的风味最接近新鲜的海产品。因鲍鱼的收获季节短,人们不能常年食用到鲜活的鲍鱼,熟冻鲍则能满足广大消费群体的需求。然而,冻鲍的传统加工方法只是将鲍鱼清洗、按规格分级、装盘速冻、包装入库,加工工艺落后,口感不佳,与鲜活鲍鱼的风味相差较大,严重影响了冻鲍的消费市场。
鲍鱼内脏富含多糖、蛋白和脂质,具有较高的医药价值和经济价值。而传统方法通常是将鲍鱼内脏直接当成饲料,不仅会造成资源浪费,而且会造成环境污染。
鲍鱼壳俗称石决明,为杂色鲍、皱纹盘鲍、澳洲鲍、耳鲍、羊鲍和白鲍等鲍科动物的贝壳,是中医常用药材之一(《中国药典》2010年版)。鲍鱼壳由珍珠层、棱柱层、角质层、无定型碳酸钙、藻类色素、苔藓虫、石灰虫等形成的疣状突构成,是一种重要的天然钙源。鲍鱼壳的化学组成是碳酸钙、藻类色素、有机质和微量元素,钙元素是机体新陈代谢的源泉,对人体的正常生理功能具有重要作用。据“中国居民营养与健康”调查报告显示,中国人缺钙状况仍很严重,钙日摄入量尚不到国家推荐摄入量的50%。钙营养补充剂作为一种营养强化剂,可用于多种食品的强化,生物利用率高,安全无毒副作用。而钙营养补充剂的传统生产工艺通常是将葡萄糖和碳酸钙混匀后加葡萄糖氧化酶和过氧化氢酶,于37℃下氧化而制得,或者也可由葡萄糖酸与石灰或碳酸钙中和并经浓缩而制得。然而,以上方法需要先把钙源制成石灰乳,生产效率低,制备成本高,过程繁琐,工艺条件和产品品质难控制,环境污染严重,能耗大,不便于实施。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有的方法对鲍鱼进行处理存在鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳浪费现象且所得佛跳墙蒸煮后高汤易于褐变的缺陷,而提供一种能够实现低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳的联产且能够防止所得佛跳墙蒸煮后高汤出现褐变的低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法。
具体地,本发明提供了一种低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法,其中,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、将鲜活的鲍鱼在滚筒中采用温度为15~25℃、密度为0.95~1.05g/cm3的盐水以10~30r/min的转速进行清洗,以将鲍鱼壳表面的污渍清洗干净;
S2、将壳表面清洗干净之后的鲍鱼肉面朝上,在压力为3~5kg的条件下采用温度为15~25℃、密度为0.95~1.05g/cm3的盐水进行二道高压脉冲盐水清洗,以将鲍鱼肉表面的分泌物清洗干净;
S3、将清洗干净的鲍鱼置于蒸煮线/漂烫线于前道温度94~96℃、后道温度90~93℃并控制鲍鱼中心温度为60~65℃的条件下烫煮3~8min,之后采用0~10℃的盐水冷却,并将鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳从鲍鱼肉中分离,分别得到鲍鱼肉、鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳;
S4、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼肉进行急冻,在所述急冻过程中控制鲍鱼肉中心温度达到-18℃以下,得到低温熟冻鲍;
S5、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼内脏利用绞肉机破碎,加纯化水并将所得鲍鱼内脏溶液的pH值调节至7.0~7.5,再加入复合风味蛋白酶并升温至50~55℃酶解反应1~5小时,以使得鲍鱼内脏中的蛋白水解成鲍鱼小分子肽,之后往所得酶解反应产物中加入活性炭并升温至80~90℃灭酶,得到灭酶产物;
S6、将所述灭酶产物采用安保过滤器过滤,所得滤液采用陶瓷膜过滤以截留未分解的蛋白质、多糖、色素和活性炭,所得陶瓷膜透过液采用超滤膜过滤以截留细菌、色素、多肽和糖蛋白,所述超滤膜透过液采用纳滤膜过滤以去除水和钠离子,所得纳滤膜截留液浓缩至Brix为18~25%,之后往所得浓缩液中添加麦芽糊精混匀,真空微波干燥,粉碎,得到风味鲍鱼小分子肽;
S7、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼壳清洗干净后粉碎,加入纯化水以及浓度为15~20wt%的酸并于温度25~30℃下进行浸提,直至基本没有气泡产生为止(说明碳酸钙已经全部溶解完成),将所得反应料液进行抽滤,并将所得清液于温度50~80℃下进行浓缩,之后于温度45~60℃下加入葡糖糖酸钠并依次搅拌20~40min、静置1~3小时,再降温至10~30℃保温0.5~2小时,将所得料液离心分离脱水,并将所得固体产物烘干,得到葡萄糖酸钙;
S8、以所述低温熟冻鲍作为至少部分食材,以所述风味鲍鱼小分子肽和葡萄糖酸钙配以常规调味料调制高汤,生产佛跳墙。
在本发明中,步骤S1,将盐水的温度控制在15~25℃、密度控制在0.95~1.05g/cm3能够保证鲍鱼活力。
在本发明中,步骤S2,将盐水的温度控制在15~25℃、密度控制在0.95~1.05g/cm3能够保证鲍鱼活力;将压力控制在3~5kg既能够保证将鲍鱼清洗干净,又能够保证鲍鱼外表膜不被冲烂。此外,所述二道高压脉冲盐水清洗即包括两次清洗,前道清洗采用扇形脉冲喷淋清洗,后道清洗采用旋转脉冲喷淋清洗。
在本发明中,步骤S3,在鲍鱼的烫煮过程中将前道温度控制在94~96℃、后道温度控制在90~93℃、鲍鱼中心温度控制在60~65℃、烫煮时间控制在3~8min能够在确保鲍鱼熟度的前提下,保证鲍鱼营养不流失,口感鲜嫩。
在本发明中,步骤S4,所述急冻可以为IQF速冻、液氨急冻或液氮急冻。
在本发明中,步骤S5,加入复合风味蛋白酶之后于50~55℃酶解反应1~5小时能够保证将鲍鱼内脏蛋白水解成特定风味的鲍鱼小分子肽,采用其对低温熟冻鲍进行上色护色,能够确保所得佛跳墙在加热过程中汤色不变色。步骤S5中,所述鲍鱼内脏和纯化水的重量比优选为1:(1~3)。所述复合风味蛋白酶优选为碱性蛋白酶和胶原酶按照重量比(0.5~1):1的混合物。以所述鲍鱼内脏的总重量为基准,所述复合风味蛋白酶的用量优选为0.5~1wt‰。往所述酶解产物中加入活性炭的目的是为了起到吸附油脂、脱腥、脱色作用。此外,以所述鲍鱼内脏的总重量为基准,所述活性炭的用量优选为0.5~1wt‰。
在本发明中,步骤S6,所述超滤膜的截留分子量优选为10kDa。将所述纳滤膜截留液浓缩至Brix 18~25%的方式优选为先将所述纳滤膜截留液采用反渗透膜进行过滤除水以浓缩至Brix为10~15%,之后再采用刮板蒸发器浓缩至Brix为18~25%。所述麦芽糊精作为分散剂,其能够抑制褐变现象,提高佛跳墙的风味。所述浓缩液与麦芽糊精的重量比优选为(40~60):1。
在本发明中,步骤S7,在室温、低酸浓度下进行浸提,能够高效溶出钙离子和藻类色素,经固液分离、络合沉淀等简便后续处理工序,就能够高效去除蛋白、多糖、藻类色素等杂质,提高葡萄糖酸钙的含量。步骤S7中,所述鲍鱼壳与纯化水的体积比优选为1:(1~3)。所述鲍鱼壳与酸的体积比优选为1:(1.3~2)。所述酸的具体实例包括但不限于:盐酸、硝酸和磷酸中的至少一种。所述鲍鱼壳与葡萄糖酸钠的重量比优选为1:(1~3)。
在本发明中,步骤S8,所采用的食材除了低温熟冻鲍之外,还通常包括海参、鱼唇等,而所采用的调味料除了所述风味鲍鱼小分子肽和葡萄糖酸钙之外,还通常包括油、盐、酱、醋等这些常规调味料。当食材与高汤汇聚到一起之后,再文火煨制十几个小时以上,即得到佛跳墙。
本发明的发明人经过深入研究之后发现,鲍鱼表面清洗得是否干净、鲍鱼营养是否存在流失、鲍鱼是否存在缩水、鲍鱼肉膜表面是否存在风化,这些因素均会决定佛跳墙的品质,佛跳墙高汤中蛋白质含量、抗氧化能力、葡萄糖酸钙的含量均会决定高汤的品质及高值化运用,采用本发明提供的方法对鲍鱼进行处理,鲍鱼营养不流失,保证了佛跳墙食材的营养,口感鲜嫩,利用鲍鱼内脏采用特定方式酶解所得的风味鲍鱼小分子肽上色护色,并利用鲍鱼壳采用特定方式处理所得葡萄糖酸钙强化营养,能够提高佛跳墙中蛋白质含量,防止佛跳墙在加热过程中汤色变色。此外,采用本发明提供的方法所得的佛跳墙营养丰富,汤浓味美,鲍鱼内脏经生物技术提取风味鲍鱼小分子肽,鲍鱼壳经加工制成营养强化剂葡萄糖酸钙,鲍鱼肉、风味鲍鱼小分子肽以及葡萄糖酸钙这三种材料应用于佛跳墙产品中,体现了鲍鱼产业链的高值化利用,实现了所倡导的绿色、环保、高效。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法的一种具体流程图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例旨在用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1
该实施例用于说明本发明提供的低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法,如图1所示,包括以下步骤:
S1、将验收合格后的鲜活鲍鱼(活鲍)置于滚筒中,采用温度为20℃、密度为1.006g/cm3的盐水在20r/min的转速下进行清洗,以去除壳面污渍。
S2、人工将鲍鱼肉面朝上,在传送带频率18Hz、压力为3kg的条件下采用温度为20℃、密度为1.006g/cm3的盐水进行二道高压脉冲盐水清洗(一道高压扇形脉冲喷淋清洗,二道高压旋转脉冲喷淋清洗),以将鲍鱼肉表面的分泌物清洗干净;
S3、将清洗干净的鲍鱼置于自动化蒸煮线/漂烫线于前道温度95℃、后道温度92℃、传送带频率22Hz并控制鲍鱼中心温度为60℃的条件下烫煮5min,之后采用温度为5℃、浓度为2wt%的盐水冷却,保证鲍鱼定型完好,并将鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳从鲍鱼肉中分离(去壳去脏),分别得到鲍鱼肉、鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳;
S4、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼肉摆盘之后进行IQF急冻,控制鲍鱼肉中心温度达到-18℃以下,保持鲍鱼形状完美,色泽金黄,分选,得到低温熟冻鲍,包装,冷链流通;
S5、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼内脏利用绞肉机破碎,采用螺杆推料至提取罐内,加纯化水(料液体积比为1:2)并将所得鲍鱼内脏溶液的pH值采用氢氧化钠调节至7.0,再加入复合风味蛋白酶(碱性蛋白酶和胶原酶按照重量比0.8:1所得的混合物)0.8wt‰(相对鲍鱼内脏)并升温至50℃酶解反应5小时,以使得鲍鱼内脏中的蛋白水解成鲍鱼小分子肽,之后往所得酶解反应产物中加入活性炭0.8wt‰(相对鲍鱼内脏)脱色脱脂脱腥,接着升温至80℃灭酶,得到灭酶产物;
S6、将所述灭酶产物采用安保过滤器过滤,所得滤液进行膜分离纯化(先采用陶瓷膜过滤以截留未分解的蛋白质、多糖、色素和活性炭,所得陶瓷膜透过液采用截留分子量为10KDa的超滤膜过滤以截留细菌、色素、分子量大于10KDa多肽和糖蛋白,所述超滤膜透过液采用纳滤膜过滤以去除水和钠离子),所得纳滤膜截留液采用反渗透膜进行过滤除水以使得鲍鱼小分子肽Brix为12%,再采用刮板蒸发器浓缩至Brix为20%,杀菌,之后往所得浓缩液中添加麦芽糊精(浓缩液与麦芽糊精的重量比为50:1)混匀,真空微波干燥,粉碎,得到风味鲍鱼小分子肽,包装,常温流通;
S7、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼壳清洗干净粉碎后加入提取罐中,加入纯化水(固液体积比为1:2)以及浓度为18wt%的盐酸(鲍鱼壳与盐酸的体积比为1:1.5),提取罐夹套通入冰水,将罐内的温度控制在28℃进行浸提(酸提Ca2+),直至罐内基本没有气泡产生为止。将所得反应料液放置在抽滤器上过滤以去除壳面上蛋白、多糖、藻类色素等杂质,将所得清液抽回提取罐内,于温度50℃下浓缩至重量1/2,之后于温度50℃下加入2倍质量(相对鲍鱼壳)的葡糖糖酸钠并搅拌30min,再经2小时静置之后降温至10℃保温2小时(析晶),将所得料液放置在离心机上分批次甩料离心脱水,再于65℃下减压烘干2小时,得到葡萄糖酸钙粉末,包装,常温流通;
S8、以所述低温熟冻鲍以及海参等其他食材作为主材,以所述风味鲍鱼小分子肽和葡萄糖酸钙配以常规调味料调制高汤,当将食材和高汤汇聚到一起之后,再文火煨制十五个小时,即得到佛跳墙,灌装,冷冻,冷链流通。所述佛跳墙在文火煨制过程中汤色不会出现褐变。
实施例2
该实施例用于说明本发明提供的低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法,如图1所示,包括以下步骤:
S1、将活鲍置于滚筒中,采用温度为25℃、密度为1.006g/cm3的盐水在10r/min的转速下进行清洗,以去除壳面污渍。
S2、人工将鲍鱼肉面朝上,在传送带频率18Hz、压力为5kg的条件下采用温度为25℃、密度为1.006g/cm3的盐水进行二道高压脉冲盐水清洗(一道高压扇形脉冲喷淋清洗,二道高压旋转脉冲喷淋清洗),以将鲍鱼肉表面的分泌物清洗干净;
S3、将清洗干净的鲍鱼置于自动化蒸煮线/漂烫线于前道温度96℃、后道温度93℃、传送带频率22Hz并控制鲍鱼中心温度为65℃的条件下烫煮8min,之后采用温度为5℃、浓度为1.5wt%的盐水冷却,保证鲍鱼定型完好,并将鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳从鲍鱼肉中分离(去壳去脏),分别得到鲍鱼肉、鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳;
S4、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼肉摆盘之后进行IQF急冻,控制鲍鱼肉中心温度达到-18℃以下,保持鲍鱼形状完美,色泽金黄,分选,得到低温熟冻鲍,包装,冷链流通;
S5、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼内脏利用绞肉机破碎,采用螺杆推料至提取罐内,加水(料液体积比为1:1)并将所得鲍鱼内脏溶液的pH值采用氢氧化钠调节至7.5,再加入复合风味蛋白酶(碱性蛋白酶和胶原酶按照重量比1:1所得的混合物)0.5wt‰(相对鲍鱼内脏)并升温至55℃酶解反应1小时,以使得鲍鱼内脏中的蛋白水解成鲍鱼小分子肽,之后往所得酶解反应产物中加入活性炭1wt‰(相对鲍鱼内脏)脱色脱脂脱腥,接着升温至90℃灭酶,得到灭酶产物;
S6、将所述灭酶产物采用安保过滤器过滤,所得滤液进行膜分离纯化(先采用陶瓷膜过滤以截留未分解的蛋白质、多糖、色素和活性炭,所得陶瓷膜透过液采用截留分子量为10KDa的超滤膜过滤以截留细菌、色素、分子量大于10KDa多肽和糖蛋白,所述超滤膜透过液采用纳滤膜过滤以去除水和钠离子),所得纳滤膜截留液采用反渗透膜进行过滤除水以使得鲍鱼小分子肽Brix为10%,再采用刮板蒸发器浓缩至Brix为18%,杀菌,之后往所得浓缩液中添加麦芽糊精(浓缩液与麦芽糊精的重量比为60:1)混匀,真空微波干燥,粉碎,得到风味鲍鱼小分子肽,包装,常温流通;
S7、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼壳清洗干净粉碎后加入提取罐中,加入纯化水(固液体积比为1:3)以及浓度为18wt%的盐酸(鲍鱼壳与盐酸的体积比为1:2),提取罐夹套通入冰水,将罐内的温度控制在25℃进行浸提(酸提Ca2+),直至罐内基本没有气泡产生为止。将所得反应料液放置在抽滤器上过滤以去除壳面上蛋白、多糖、藻类色素等杂质,将所得清液抽回提取罐内,于温度80℃下浓缩至重量1/3,之后于温度60℃下加入1倍质量(相对鲍鱼壳)的葡糖糖酸钠并搅拌20min,再经2小时静置之后降温至30℃保温0.5小时(析晶),将所得料液放置在离心机上分批次甩料离心脱水,再于80℃下减压烘干2小时,得到葡萄糖酸钙粉末,包装,常温流通;
S8、以所述低温熟冻鲍以及海参等其他食材作为主材,以所述风味鲍鱼小分子肽和葡萄糖酸钙配以常规调味料调制高汤,当将食材和高汤汇聚到一起之后,再文火煨制十五个小时,即得到佛跳墙,灌装,冷冻,冷链流通。所述佛跳墙在文火煨制过程中汤色不会出现褐变。
实施例3
该实施例用于说明本发明提供的低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法,如图1所示,包括以下步骤:
S1、将活鲍置于滚筒中,采用温度为15℃、密度为1.006g/cm3的盐水在30r/min的转速下进行清洗,以去除壳面污渍。
S2、人工将鲍鱼肉面朝上,在传送带频率18Hz、压力为4kg的条件下采用温度为15℃、密度为1.006g/cm3的盐水进行二道高压脉冲盐水清洗(一道高压扇形脉冲喷淋清洗,二道高压旋转脉冲喷淋清洗),以将鲍鱼肉表面的分泌物清洗干净;
S3、将清洗干净的鲍鱼置于自动化蒸煮线/漂烫线于前道温度94℃、后道温度90℃、传送带频率22Hz并控制鲍鱼中心温度为62℃的条件下烫煮3min,之后采用温度为5℃、浓度为1wt%的盐水冷却,保证鲍鱼定型完好,并将鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳从鲍鱼肉中分离(去壳去脏),分别得到鲍鱼肉、鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳;
S4、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼肉摆盘之后进行IQF急冻,控制鲍鱼肉中心温度达到-18℃以下,保持鲍鱼形状完美,色泽金黄,分选,得到低温熟冻鲍,包装,冷链流通;
S5、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼内脏利用绞肉机破碎,采用螺杆推料至提取罐内,加纯化水(料液体积比为1:3)并将所得鲍鱼内脏溶液的pH值采用氢氧化钠调节至7.2,再加入复合风味蛋白酶(碱性蛋白酶和胶原酶按照重量比0.5:1所得的混合物)1.0wt‰(相对鲍鱼内脏)并升温至52℃酶解反应3小时,以使得鲍鱼内脏中的蛋白水解成鲍鱼小分子肽,之后往所得酶解反应产物中加入活性炭0.5wt‰(相对鲍鱼内脏)脱色脱脂脱腥,接着升温至85℃灭酶,得到灭酶产物;
S6、将所述灭酶产物采用安保过滤器过滤,所得滤液进行膜分离纯化(先采用陶瓷膜过滤以截留未分解的蛋白质、多糖、色素和活性炭,所得陶瓷膜透过液采用截留分子量为10KDa的超滤膜过滤以截留细菌、色素、分子量大于10KDa多肽和糖蛋白,所述超滤膜透过液采用纳滤膜过滤以去除水和钠离子),所得纳滤膜截留液采用反渗透膜进行过滤除水以使得鲍鱼小分子肽Brix为15%,之后再采用刮板蒸发器浓缩至Brix为25%,杀菌,之后往所得浓缩液中添加麦芽糊精(浓缩液与麦芽糊精的重量比为40:1)混匀,真空微波干燥,粉碎,得到风味鲍鱼小分子肽,包装,常温流通;
S7、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼壳清洗干净粉碎后加入提取罐中,加入纯化水(固液体积比为1:1)以及浓度为18wt%的盐酸(鲍鱼壳与盐酸的体积比为1:1.8),提取罐夹套通入冰水,将罐内的温度控制在30℃进行浸提(酸提Ca2+),直至罐内基本没有气泡产生为止。将所得反应料液放置在抽滤器上过滤以去除壳面上蛋白、多糖、藻类色素等杂质,将所得清液抽回提取罐内,于温度65℃下浓缩至重量1/2,之后于温度45℃下加入3倍质量(相对鲍鱼壳)的葡糖糖酸钠并搅拌40min,再经2小时静置之后降温至20℃保温1小时(析晶),将所得料液放置在离心机上分批次甩料离心脱水,再于50℃下减压烘干2小时,得到葡萄糖酸钙粉末,包装,常温流通;
S8、以所述低温熟冻鲍以及海参等其他食材作为主材,以所述风味鲍鱼小分子肽和葡萄糖酸钙配以常规调味料调制高汤,当将食材和高汤汇聚到一起之后,再文火煨制十五个小时,即得到佛跳墙,灌装,冷冻,冷链流通。所述佛跳墙在文火煨制过程中汤色不会出现褐变。
对比例1
按照实施例1的方法制备佛跳墙,不同的是,不包括步骤S5和S6采用鲍鱼内脏制备风味鲍鱼小分子肽的过程,且步骤S8中调制高汤时未使用风味鲍鱼小分子肽,其余条件与实施例1相同,得到佛跳墙。所述佛跳墙在文火煨制过程中汤色会出现严重褐变。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (4)
1.一种低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、将鲜活的鲍鱼在滚筒中采用温度为15~25℃、密度为0.95~1.05g/cm3的盐水以10~30r/min的转速进行清洗,以将鲍鱼壳表面的污渍清洗干净;
S2、将壳表面清洗干净之后的鲍鱼肉面朝上,在压力为3~5kg的条件下采用温度为15~25℃、密度为0.95~1.05g/cm3的盐水进行二道高压脉冲盐水清洗,以将鲍鱼肉表面的分泌物清洗干净;
S3、将清洗干净的鲍鱼置于蒸煮线/漂烫线于前道温度94~96℃、后道温度90~93℃并控制鲍鱼中心温度为60~65℃的条件下烫煮3~8min,之后采用0~10℃的盐水冷却,并将鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳从鲍鱼肉中分离,分别得到鲍鱼肉、鲍鱼内脏和鲍鱼壳;
S4、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼肉进行急冻,在所述急冻过程中控制鲍鱼肉中心温度达到-18℃以下,得到低温熟冻鲍;
S5、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼内脏利用绞肉机破碎,加纯化水并将所得鲍鱼内脏溶液的pH值调节至7.0~7.5,再加入复合风味蛋白酶并升温至50~55℃酶解反应1~5小时,以使得鲍鱼内脏中的蛋白水解成鲍鱼小分子肽,之后往所得酶解反应产物中加入活性炭并升温至80~90℃灭酶,得到灭酶产物;其中,所述复合风味蛋白酶为碱性蛋白酶和胶原酶按照重量比(0.5~1):1的混合物;步骤S5中,以所述鲍鱼内脏的总重量为基准,所述复合风味蛋白酶的用量为0.5~1wt‰,以所述鲍鱼内脏的总重量为基准,所述活性炭的用量为0.5~1wt‰;
S6、将所述灭酶产物采用安保过滤器过滤,所得滤液采用陶瓷膜过滤以截留未分解的蛋白质、多糖、色素和活性炭,所得陶瓷膜透过液采用超滤膜过滤以截留细菌、色素、多肽和糖蛋白,所述超滤膜的截留分子量为10kDa,所述超滤膜透过液采用纳滤膜过滤以去除水和钠离子,所得纳滤膜截留液浓缩至Brix为18~25%,之后往所得浓缩液中添加麦芽糊精混匀,真空微波干燥,粉碎,得到风味鲍鱼小分子肽;其中,所述浓缩液与麦芽糊精的重量比为(40~60):1;
S7、将步骤S3得到的鲍鱼壳清洗干净后粉碎,加入纯化水以及浓度为15~20wt%的酸并于温度25~30℃下进行浸提,直至基本没有气泡产生为止,将所得反应料液进行抽滤,并将所得清液于温度50~80℃下进行浓缩,之后于温度45~60℃下加入葡萄糖酸钠并依次搅拌20~40min、静置1~3小时,再降温至10~30℃保温0.5~2小时,将所得料液离心分离脱水,并将所得固体产物烘干,得到葡萄糖酸钙;
S8、以所述低温熟冻鲍作为至少部分食材,以所述风味鲍鱼小分子肽和葡萄糖酸钙配以常规调味料调制高汤,生产佛跳墙;
步骤S5中,所述鲍鱼内脏和纯化水的重量比为1:(1~3);
步骤S6中,将所述纳滤膜截留液浓缩至Brix 18~25%的方式为先将所述纳滤膜截留液采用反渗透膜进行过滤除水以浓缩至Brix为10~15%,之后再采用刮板蒸发器浓缩至Brix为18~25%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,所述急冻为IQF速冻、液氨急冻或液氮急冻。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法,其特征在于,步骤S7中,所述鲍鱼壳与纯化水的体积比为1:(1~3);所述鲍鱼壳与酸的体积比为1:(1.3~2);所述酸选自盐酸、硝酸和磷酸中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的低温熟冻鲍、鲍鱼内脏、鲍鱼壳与佛跳墙的联产方法,其特征在于,步骤S7中,所述鲍鱼壳与葡萄糖酸钠的重量比为1:(1~3)。
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