CN110272431A - 一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关及其合成方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN110272431A
CN110272431A CN201810217896.7A CN201810217896A CN110272431A CN 110272431 A CN110272431 A CN 110272431A CN 201810217896 A CN201810217896 A CN 201810217896A CN 110272431 A CN110272431 A CN 110272431A
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徐兆超
祁清凯
陈婕
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Abstract

本发明提供一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关及其合成方法和应用,该分子开关具体分子结构为3‑氨基取代的罗丹明乙基吗啡啉酰胺,其结构式如(1)所示,本发明开发的溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关不仅具有耐酸的性能,并且保留了光激活性能。因此这类耐酸性光激活的染料可以在应用于溶酶体中超分辨成像技术时可以不受生物环境的pH干扰,从而达到良好的成像效果。此外,本发明中的溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关还可以作为分子荧光探针应用于传感及检测领域。

Description

一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关及其合成方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于分子开关领域,具体涉及一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关及其合成方法和应用。
背景技术
溶酶体作为真核细胞中一个重要的酸性细胞器,包含超过60种的酸性水解酶、组织蛋白酶,及各类特异性的膜蛋白。它不仅具有胞内消化的功能,一些情况下也具有调节分泌功能.当溶酶体由于自身变异或外界影响而导致其数量、分布等发生异常时,可能会造成肺部疾病(矽肺、肺结核等)、溶酶体贮积症(台-萨氏综合征、Ⅱ型糖原累积病、细胞内含物病等)以及肿瘤等各类病症。溶酶体作为细胞内的“消化器官”,其相关的研究一直是生命科学的热点。
荧光成像技术是研究溶酶体在生命活动中所扮演角色的重要工具,传统共聚焦成像因无法突破光学衍射极限,其成像分辨率仅为200纳米,无法满足单分子成像的需求。所幸的是近年来发展的一系列超分辨率成像技术,例如随机光学重构显微技术(STORM或dSTORM)使光学显微镜的空间分辨达到了前所未有的高度,其空间分辨率可达到20纳米。但是超分辨显微成像技术仍然面临诸多技术问题,其中之一的技术问题就是荧光染料的性能不够完美。基于单分子定位的超分辨显微成像技术需要染料不仅满足光稳定性好和荧光亮度高的优点,还需要其具有光致荧光“开-关”功能,这样才能够实现单分子的检测及定位。因此开发高荧光强度和光稳定性,具有光致荧光开关功能的新型荧光染料是超分辨荧光成像的迫切需求和当前热点。
开发生物成像用单分子定位超分辨荧光染料,目前最好的方法是在高荧光强度和光稳定性的染料中引入光开关功能。罗丹明类染料由于其突出的光性能,是目前超分辨中用的最多的一类染料。罗丹明染料的荧光“明-暗”状态是基于酰胺螺环开关,罗丹明螺酰胺在紫外光辐照下,会由不发光的闭环结构变为强荧光发射的开环结构。但在酸性条件下,氢离子的进攻同样会造成酰胺螺环开环从而发出荧光。因而当罗丹明螺酰胺染料暴露于溶酶体内偏酸性的环境中,其酸激活产生的荧光会严重干扰甚至导致光激活性能完全失效,这一特点大大限制了罗丹明螺酰胺染料在定位溶酶体的超分辨成像上的应用。因此开发耐酸性同时可以定位溶酶体的罗丹明螺酰胺类荧光开关染料对于了解溶酶体在生命活动中的意义显得尤为迫切和重要。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关及其合成方法和应用,研究发现这类染料在体内和体外的酸性环境下化学稳定,可以用于溶酶体超分辨荧光成像中。
本发明一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关,具体为耐酸性的3-氨基取代的罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺染料,其结构式如下所示:
本发明还提供了一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关的一般合成方法,合成路线如下:
具体的步骤为:
(1)将3-硝基罗丹明和2-乙氨基吗啉按物质的量比(1:1-5)溶解于无水乙醇中,升温至回流,搅拌3~8小时后蒸除溶剂得到无色固体,进一步通过硅胶柱色谱分离,提纯后得到3-硝基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺;
(2)取上述步骤(1)中产物3-硝基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺,溶于适量甲醇中,在氢气氛围及钯碳(5~30%wt)催化下搅拌1~3小时,抽滤取滤液,减压蒸除溶剂后,经硅胶柱色谱分离提纯得到3-氨基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺。
一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关的应用,基于溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关耐酸性优点并作为荧光开关染料应用在超分辨荧光成像或被作为荧光探针分子用于生物及化学物质的传感及检测等诸多领域。
溶酶体是真核细胞中一个重要的细胞器,因含有大量水解酶而呈现酸性。溶酶体参与了一系列生理活动,并与肿瘤等一系列疾病息息相关,通过超高分辨成像的方法研究溶酶体具有重要的生理学意义。罗丹明螺酰胺是一类广泛应用于该技术的光致开关染料,传统的罗丹明螺酰胺可以通过光激活或者酸激活,实现荧光从暗态到亮态的转变。因而当传统罗丹明染料用于溶酶体成像时,其酸性环境会使这类染料发生酸激活过程导致其失去光激活性能甚至光性能失效,因此这类染料在酸性环境中无法应用于的超分辨荧光成像技术。
本发明的优点和有益效果:本发明里开发的溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关不仅具有耐酸的性能,并且保留了光激活性能(如图6所示)。因此这类耐酸性光激活的染料可以在应用于溶酶体中超分辨成像技术时可以不受生物环境的pH干扰,从而达到良好的成像效果。此外,本发明中的溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关还可以作为分子荧光探针应用于传感及检测领域。
附图说明
图1:为实施例1中的产物的核磁氢谱,
图2:为实施例1中的产物的核磁碳谱,
图3:为实施例1中的产物的高分辨质谱,
图4:为实施例1制备的P1在二氯甲烷/甲醇(9/1,v/v)混合溶剂中(浓度为10-5M)加入三氟乙酸(2.3μL,1000eq)前后的时间分辨紫外可见吸收光谱;
图5:为实施例1中的产物3-氨基取代的罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺(10μM)和商业的溶酶体标记染料(LTG,0.1μM)共同染色培养的MCF-7细胞在不同紫外(375nm)光照时间下的共聚焦图像。
图6:光诱导的耐酸性3-伯胺或仲胺取代的罗丹明螺酰胺分子的螺环及荧光开关的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明给出了一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关的合成方法及其作为光激活荧光染料应用于溶酶体超分辨荧光成像技术领域。
实施例1
3-氨基取代的罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺(P1)合成路线和产物结构如下:
将3-硝基罗丹明(2mmol,0.974g)和2-乙氨基吗啉(2mmol,0.146g)溶于无水乙醇(35mL)。升温至78℃回流,搅拌4小时后减压蒸除溶剂,产物通过柱色谱(硅胶,石油醚/乙酸乙酯,4:1v/v),分离提纯最后得到的浅黄色粉末(1.14g,95%)。接着将该粉末全部溶于甲醇(5mL),在氢气氛围及钯碳(10%wt)催化下搅拌1小时,抽滤取滤液,减压蒸除溶剂后得到最终白色粉末状产物P1(1.07g,99%)。
对粉末产物进行了核磁和质谱和高分辨质谱表征如图1、图2、图3所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.15(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.56(dd,J=8.3,5.8Hz,3H),6.34(t,J=5.3Hz,3H),6.28(dd,J=8.9,2.6Hz,2H),3.63–3.52(m,4H),3.33(q,J=7.0Hz,8H),3.24–3.15(m,2H),2.24(s,4H),2.11–2.04(m,2H),1.16(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ169.45,154.71,153.07,148.58,144.93,133.41,129.08,113.91,113.36,112.15,107.97,106.32,97.55,66.89,64.52,56.33,53.22,44.32,36.55,12.54.LC-MS(ESI):m/z:计算值:569.3366,实验值:570.3457[M+H]+
经上述检测,鉴定其结构为P1所示。
实施例2
将实施例1中的产物P1溶解于二氯甲烷/甲醇(9/1,v/v)混合溶剂中(浓度为10- 5M),往混合溶液中加入三氟乙酸(2.3μL,1000eq)。测定加酸前后时间分辨的紫外可见吸收光谱(图4)。结果显示P1的最大吸收波长处的吸光度没有随着酸化时间的增长而增加,表明P1分子具有耐酸的特性。
实施例3
用实施例1中的产物3-氨基取代的罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺P1(10μM)和商业的溶酶体标记染料(LTG,0.1μM)共同染色培养MCF-7细胞,通过激光共聚焦倒置显微镜实时观察两个通道内的荧光染色状况,绿色通道的激发光波长为488nm,采集500–550nm波段的荧光信号,红色通道的激发光波长561nm,采集580–653nm波段的荧光信号。对比观察发现绿色通道在染色0.5小时后就能够观察到溶酶体中的荧光信号,而红色通道在染色2小时后溶酶体中仍然没有出现明显的荧光信号,随后用375nm紫外光原位辐照细胞,分别采集辐照0和3分钟各自两个通道的荧光图像(图5),对比发现随着紫外辐照时间的延长,红色通道中溶酶体内的荧光信号由弱变强,与绿色通道中的荧光信号能够很好重叠,这些结果表明P1染料在生物酸性环境中能够保持耐酸的特性,同时在酸性环境中具有光激活荧光的性能。
实施例4
(1)将3-硝基罗丹明和2-乙氨基吗啉按物质的量比1:5溶解于无水乙醇中,升温至回流,搅拌3小时后蒸除溶剂得到无色固体,进一步通过硅胶柱色谱分离,提纯后得到3-硝基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺;
(2)取上述步骤(1)中产物3-硝基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺,溶于适量甲醇中,在氢气氛围及占反应物总质量5%钯碳催化下搅拌3小时,抽滤取滤液,减压蒸除溶剂后,经硅胶柱色谱分离提纯得到3-氨基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺。
对粉末产物进行了核磁和质谱和高分辨质谱表征如下所示:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.15(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.56(dd,J=8.3,5.8Hz,3H),6.34(t,J=5.3Hz,3H),6.28(dd,J=8.9,2.6Hz,2H),3.63–3.52(m,4H),3.33(q,J=7.0Hz,8H),3.24–3.15(m,2H),2.24(s,4H),2.11–2.04(m,2H),1.16(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ169.45,154.71,153.07,148.58,144.93,133.41,129.08,113.91,113.36,112.15,107.97,106.32,97.55,66.89,64.52,56.33,53.22,44.32,36.55,12.54.LC-MS(ESI):m/z:计算值:569.3366,实验值:570.3457[M+H]+
经上述检测,鉴定其结构为P1所示,性能检测实验同实施例3,实验结果表明P1染料在生物酸性环境中能够保持耐酸的特性,同时在酸性环境中具有光激活荧光的性能。
实施例5
(1)将3-硝基罗丹明和2-乙氨基吗啉按物质的量比1:2.5溶解于无水乙醇中,升温至回流,搅拌8小时后蒸除溶剂得到无色固体,进一步通过硅胶柱色谱分离,提纯后得到3-硝基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺;
(2)取上述步骤(1)中产物3-硝基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺,溶于适量甲醇中,在氢气氛围及占反应物总质量30%钯碳催化下搅拌1小时,抽滤取滤液,减压蒸除溶剂后,经硅胶柱色谱分离提纯得到3-氨基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺。
对粉末产物进行了核磁和质谱和高分辨质谱表征如下所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.15(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.56(dd,J=8.3,5.8Hz,3H),6.34(t,J=5.3Hz,3H),6.28(dd,J=8.9,2.6Hz,2H),3.63–3.52(m,4H),3.33(q,J=7.0Hz,8H),3.24–3.15(m,2H),2.24(s,4H),2.11–2.04(m,2H),1.16(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ169.45,154.71,153.07,148.58,144.93,133.41,129.08,113.91,113.36,112.15,107.97,106.32,97.55,66.89,64.52,56.33,53.22,44.32,36.55,12.54.LC-MS(ESI):m/z:计算值:569.3366,实验值:570.3457[M+H]+
经上述检测,鉴定其结构为P1所示,性能检测实验同实施例3,实验结果表明P1染料在生物酸性环境中能够保持耐酸的特性,同时在酸性环境中具有光激活荧光的性能。

Claims (3)

1.一种溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关,其特征在于其结构式如下所示:
2.根据权利要求1所述溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关的合成方法,其特征在于:该合成方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)将3-硝基罗丹明和2-乙氨基吗啉按物质的量比1:1-5溶解于无水乙醇中,升温至回流,搅拌3~8小时后蒸除溶剂得到无色固体,进一步通过硅胶柱色谱分离,提纯后得到3-硝基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺;
(2)取上述步骤(1)中产物3-硝基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺,溶于适量甲醇中,在氢气氛围及占反应物总质量5~30%钯碳催化下搅拌1~3小时,抽滤取滤液,减压蒸除溶剂后,经硅胶柱色谱分离提纯得到3-氨基罗丹明乙基吗啡啉螺酰胺。
3.根据权利要求1所述的溶酶体靶向的光控荧光分子开关在超分辨荧光成像、分子探针及荧光传感及其他领域的应用。
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