CN110169294A - A kind of fig implantation methods adapting to South China's ecological environment - Google Patents
A kind of fig implantation methods adapting to South China's ecological environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110169294A CN110169294A CN201910117192.7A CN201910117192A CN110169294A CN 110169294 A CN110169294 A CN 110169294A CN 201910117192 A CN201910117192 A CN 201910117192A CN 110169294 A CN110169294 A CN 110169294A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fig implantation methods for adapting to South China, before field planting, apply 200~300kg of chicken manure fertilizer per acre, mix with soil, ridging；The field planting of early and middle ten days in March, plants 300~700 plants, line-spacing 2~2.5 m, 0.3~1.0m of spacing in the rows per acre；Ground moistening is kept after field planting；20~30 d start leaching fertilising water after field planting.The present invention is according to South China's light and heat condition abundance, high temperature and humidity, the features such as pest and disease damage is easy to happen, provide a kind of fig implantation methods for adapting to South China's ecological environment, pass through the technical measures such as Orchard Construction, pruning, fertilizer and water management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, fig high-density planting is carried out, realizes output increased, quality-improving；This method is easy to operate, saves labor, and is tested in multiple fig plantations, all achieves good economic benefit, is worth being widely applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree cultivation technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of nothing for adapting to South China's ecological environment
Flowers and fruits implantation methods.
Background technique
Fig (Ficus caricaL.) belong to Moraceae (Moraceae) Ficus (Ficus) subtropical zone machaka
Or dungarunga, Mediterranean is originated in, is one of the fruit tree species of the earliest domesticating and cultivating of the mankind, is planted history nearly 5000.
Because fig pest and disease damage is seldom, Yi Shixian nuisanceless green production, fruit mouthfeel is sweet, have very high nutritive value with it is medicinal
Value is known as " anticancer fighter " and the patron saint of human health " 21st century ".In recent years, fig is recognized with people
The continuous improvement of degree, fresh food market portion are gradually increased.
Currently, the fig plantation in China concentrates on the ground such as Xinjiang, Shandong, Sichuan, but since northern area temperature is tight
Weight constrains the growth cycle of fig, causes fig Time To Market short.In order to solve this problem, start in recent years
It is planted South China.But had the following problems in large-scale production, (1) extensive management, cause fruit quality it is poor, produce
It measures low；(2) tree-like mixed and disorderly, it trims, pick relatively time consuming take a lot of work；(3) trunk infusion management is poor, and fruit quality is irregular.
The fig planting patterns generallyd use, planting density is low, and the quality of fig is preferable, and single fruit weight is larger, solvable
Property solid content is higher, but yield is lower.By the way of dense planting, disease control is bad, and the disease incidence of fig is higher, reachable
35%, fruit quality is severely impacted.Trim mode is improper, and fig excessive growth is serious, and tree body is closed, and yield is lower, fruit product
Matter is poor, and disease generation is more.Fig period is long, and rich water demand is big, if fertilizer and water management is improper, fruit quality
Poor, fruit is smaller, low output, and the collecting period is shorter.The serious fig that constrains of problem above is in the big of South China
Scale plantation.
In view of the above problems, be badly in need of at present it is a kind of adapt to the high density of South China's ecological environment, high yield, high-quality without
Flowers and fruits implantation methods, to significantly improve the economic benefit of fig plantation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of nothing for adapting to South China's ecological environment
Flowers and fruits implantation methods, this method fig planting density is big, yield is high, quality is good and easy to operate, saves labor, significantly
Improve the economic benefit of fig plantation.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fig implantation methods for adapting to South China's ecological environment.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of fig implantation methods adapting to South China before field planting, apply 200~300kg of chicken manure fertilizer per acre, mixed with soil
It closes, ridging；The field planting of early and middle ten days in March, plants 300~700 plants, line-spacing 2~2.5 m, 0.3~1.0m of spacing in the rows per acre；It is protected after field planting
Hold ground moistening；20~30 d start leaching fertilising water after field planting；The mode of specific leaching fertilising water are as follows:
April is to early and middle ten days in May, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 180~250g/L, P2O5120~160g/L, K2120~180g/ of O
L, B 1~3g/L, Zn 0.5~2g/L, 10~20g/L of organic matter, every 7~10 d days leaching rich water 1 time；
Mid or late May to mid or late July, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 100~160g/L, P2O5 130~180g/L, K2O160~
220g/L, B 2~5g/L, Zn 1~3g/L, Ca 2~5 g/L, 0.5~2 g/L of Mg, 60 g/L of organic matter；Every 4~5 d
Leaching rich water 1 time.
Late July to late August, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 160~220g/L, P2O5 130~160g/L, K2O 160~
220g/L, 30~50g/L of organic matter；Otherwise dry weather is drenched rich water 1 time every 1~2 d water drenching 1 time every 5~6 d；
Early September to mid or late December, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 80~100 g/L, P2O5130~180g/L, K2O 160~
220g/L, Ca2~5g/L, B1~3g/L, Zn1~3g/L, Mg0.5~2g/L, 20~40g/L of organic matter；It is drenched every 6~8 d
Rich water 1 time,
Wherein, fertilising water or water are drenched by the way of trickle irrigation, each trickle irrigation amount is 500~2000L/ mus.
Early and middle ten days in April to May mainly drench stout and strong seedling；Mid or late May to mid or late July is at this time the height of fruit maturation
Fruit-promoting fertilizer is applied in peak phase, main leaching；Late July to late August, fruit maturation is less at this time, mainly drenches stout and strong tree；Early September
To mid or late December, fruit-promoting fertilizer is applied in main leaching.
Preferably, using drip irrigation zone drench fertilising water, every time leaching apply 30~60 minutes, each each water yield of water dropper be 1~
3L。
Preferably, drip irrigation zone specification is 12~20mm of internal diameter, water dropper 20~50mm of spacing, 2~3L/h of dripping end flow, trickle irrigation
Band is arranged according to ridge.
It is highly preferred that drip irrigation zone specification is 16 mm of internal diameter, 300 mm of water dropper spacing, dripping end flow 2L/h, each trickle irrigation
Amount is 1000L/ mus.
Preferably, high 0.4~0.6 m in ridge face forms low field planting row between the senior middle school of two sides.
Most preferably, high 0.5 m in ridge face.
Preferably, 500 plants, line-spacing 2.5m, spacing in the rows 0.5m are planted per acre.
Preferably, after field planting, in covering ground cloth in the ranks.
Preferably, nutrition pot seedling is selected to be planted.
Preferably, selection is strong, and tissue enriches, and the high nursery stock of degree of lignification is colonized.
Preferably, 3~5 d water drenchings once keep ground moistening after field planting, and avoid butt rot.
Most preferably, 4 d water drenchings are primary after field planting.
Preferably, when dry weather, every 1~2 d water drenching 1 time.
Preferably, the mode of specific leaching fertilising water are as follows:
Preferably, April is to early and middle ten days in May, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 220 g/L, P2O5140 g/L, K2O 160 g/L, B 2
1 g/L of g/L, Zn, 30 g/L of organic matter, every 8 d days leaching rich water 1 time；
Mid or late May to mid or late July, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 140 g/L, P2O5150 g/L, K2O 180 g/L, B 2
G/L, Zn 1 g/L, Ca 2 g/L, Mg 1 g/L, 60 g/L of organic matter；It is drenched rich water 1 time every 4 d；
Late July to late August, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 200 g/L, P2O5150 g/L, K2180 g/L of O, organic matter 30
g/L；Otherwise dry weather is drenched rich water 1 time every 1~2 d water drenching 1 time every 5 d；
Early September to mid or late December, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 120 g/L, P2O5150 g/L, K2O 180 g/L, Ca 2
G/L, B 2 g/L, Zn 1 g/L, Mg 1 g/L, 70 g/L of organic matter；It is drenched rich water 1 time every 8 d.
Preferably, after field planting, young sprout it is long to 5~15 cm when pinch；After sprouting sprouts, retains 4~5 strong buds, develop into
The fruitful branch of current year, remaining whole are erased；Each year carries out spring trimming to annual shoot later, and base portion stays 2~3 buds, shape
At brachyplast；Brachyplast after spring trimming can sprout 1~2 bud, and every plant of tree reservation orientation is preferable, the stronger bud 4~5 of growth potential
It is a, the fruitful branch of current year is developed into, remaining bud is all erased.
Preferably, the time of the spring trimming is around the Spring Festival within 20 days.
Preferably, young sprout it is long to 10 cm or so when pinch.
Preferably, fruitful branch is fixed, makes 20~30 cm of spacing of fruitful branch.
It is highly preferred that fruitful branch is fixed, make 20 cm of spacing of fruitful branch.
It is highly preferred that fruitful branch is fixedly held in the palm on film line with the plastic zinc-plated tied silk of long 15 cm, make the spacing of fruitful branch
For 20~30 cm.
Preferably, after spring trimming, ground cloth is opened, application 150~250 kg of chicken manure fertilizer in the ranks is applied in per acre, with soil
It is sufficiently mixed uniformly, and backfills soil, form plantation row.
Preferably, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control mode are as follows: the Mancozeb medical fluid of 200~2000 times of liquid is sprayed before seedling planting；Spring
Upper and soil surface, which is set, after season trimming sprays 500~3000 times of liquid of lime sulfur crystal；After spring branch rudiment, full garden is every 15
~20 d spray a fungicide.
Preferably, after the rudiment of spring branch, a fungicide is sprayed every 15 d in full garden.
Preferably, the Mancozeb medical fluid of 1000 times of liquid is sprayed before seedling planting.
Preferably, upper and soil surface is set after spring trimming spray 500 times of liquid of lime sulfur crystal.
Preferably, if late July is serious to late August insect pest, fungicide, which sprays, to be changed to spray once every 10~15 d.
Most preferably, if late July is serious to late August insect pest, fungicide, which sprays, to be changed to spray once every 10 d.
Preferably, fig harvests preceding 20 d stopping and sprays fungicide.
Preferably, the fungicide includes but is not limited to one kind below: 150~500 times of liquid of Bordeaux mixture, hundred Thailands 1000
~2500 times of liquid, A meter Miao receive 1000~2500 times of liquid.
It is highly preferred that the fungicide includes but is not limited to one kind below: 200 times of liquid of Bordeaux mixture, hundred is 1500 times safe
Liquid, A meter Miao receive 1500 times of liquid.
Most preferably, 200 times of liquid of Bordeaux mixture, hundred safe 1500 times of liquid, A meter Miao receive 1500 times of liquid and are used alternatingly.
Described hundred is safe for 5% pyraclostrobin and 55% Carbatene mixture.
Wonderful receive of the Ah meter is 20% Fluoxastrobin and 12.5% difenoconazole mixture.
Preferably, full garden covers anti-bird net during fruit maturation, to effectively prevent birds during fruit maturation to fruit
Real harm.
Preferably, the anti-bird net mesh is 2.5 cm.
Preferably, the anti-bird net is PE anti-bird net.
Preferably, when orchard establishment, 200~300 kg of chicken manure fertilizer to be applied per acre, is mixed with soil, ridging, ridge face is high by 0.4~
0.6 m forms low field planting row between the senior middle school of two sides.
Preferably, chicken manure fertilizer is mixed with soil with rotary cultivator
Preferably, selection sunshine condition is preferable, topography is flat, the convenient plot orchard establishment of irrigation and drainage.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The features such as present invention is sufficient according to South China's light and heat condition, high temperature and humidity, pest and disease damage is easy to happen provides a kind of suitable
The fig implantation methods for answering South China's ecological environment, pass through Orchard Construction, pruning, fertilizer and water management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Etc. technical measures, carry out fig high-density planting, realize output increased, quality-improving, year per mu yield, soluble solid ratio
Example and mean fruit weight amount significantly improve, and disease fruit rate is remarkably decreased, and fruit maturation is early, and the collecting period is obviously prolonged, can be significant
Increase farmer's income；This method is easy to operate, saves labor, and is tested, is all achieved very in multiple fig plantations
Good economic benefit is worth being widely applied.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is made below with reference to specification and specific embodiment and further being elaborated, the embodiment is only used
In explaining the present invention, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Test method as used in the following examples is such as without special theory
It is bright, it is conventional method；Used material, reagent etc., unless otherwise specified, for the reagent and material commercially obtained
Material.
A kind of fig implantation methods for adapting to South China's ecological environment of embodiment 1
One, orchard establishment
Selection sunshine condition is preferable, topography is flat, the convenient plot orchard establishment of irrigation and drainage.It is high to form two sides by ridging, high 0.5 m in ridge face
Intermediate low field planting row, 2.5 m of line-spacing.
Facility is built: every row both ends are each to found a concrete column, and specification is 1.8 m of the m of 2.4 m × 0.1.Respectively on the ground
0.7 m, 1.2 m, the angle bar that three 3.0 cm of hem width, side 0.4 cm of thickness are inserted at 1.7 m, it is desirable that both ends are isometric, in angle bar two
1 strip holder film line is respectively drawn in side direct motion.× 0.1 m, column underground plant 0.6 m, overground part fractionation
Drip irrigation facilities are installed, rich water pond position is typically chosen among plot and the higher area in position, aqueduct can be divided into
Supervisor, branch pipe, drop band；Pvc pipe can be selected in supervisor and branch pipe, and drop band is 16 mm of internal diameter, drop using patch type, specification is inlayed in PE
Head 300 mm of spacing, dripping end flow 2L/h, drip irrigation zone is arranged according to ridge.
Two, it is colonized
It is colonized in early and middle ten days in March, spacing in the rows 0.5m, plants 500 plants per acre；After plantation, in covering ground cloth in the ranks.Select nutrition pot seedling
It is planted, it is desirable that nursery stock is healthy and strong, and tissue enriches, and degree of lignification is high.After removing nutritive cube, by the fig seedling with nursery soil
It is placed in cave center, righting simultaneously backfills surface soil to rootstock, is filled with enough water after tracking tramping having peace of mind.Pay attention to keeping soil wet after seedling planting
Profit, watering should not be excessively diligent, in order to avoid cause butt rot.
Three, fertilizer and water management
When orchard establishment, before field planting, 250 kg of chicken manure fertilizer are applied per acre, are mixed with soil, ridging.
After seedling planting, ground moistening is kept, 4d water drenching is primary.25d after field planting after Survival rate of nursery stock, starts leaching fertilising water:
April to early and middle ten days in May, mainly drenches stout and strong seedling, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 220 g/L, P2O5 140 g/L, K2160 g/L of O,
B 2 g/L, Zn 1 g/L, 30 g/L of organic matter, every 8d days leaching rich water 1 time；Mid or late May to mid or late July is at this time fruit
Fruit-promoting fertilizer, the concentration of fertilizer are applied in real mature peak period, main leaching are as follows: N 140 g/L, P2O5 150 g/L, K2180 g/L of O,
B 2 g/L, Zn 1 g/L, Ca 2 g/L, Mg 1 g/L, 60 g/L of organic matter drench rich water 1 time every 4d；Late July is to August
In the last ten-days period, fruit maturation is less at this time, mainly drenches stout and strong tree, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 200 g/L, P2O5 150 g/L, K2O
180 g/L, 30 g/L of organic matter drench rich water 1 time every 5d；When dry weather, every 1~2 d water drenching 1 time；Early September is to 12
Fruit-promoting fertilizer, the concentration of fertilizer are applied in the middle ten days and the last ten days moon, main leaching are as follows: N 120 g/L, P2O5 150 g/L, K2O 180 g/L, Ca 2
G/L, B 2 g/L, Zn 1 g/L, Mg 1 g/L, 70 g/L of organic matter drench rich water 1 time every 8d.It is drenched and is applied by the way of trickle irrigation
Rich water or water, each trickle irrigation amount are 1000L/ mus.Leaching is applied 30~60 minutes every time, and each each water yield of water dropper is 2L.
After spring trimming, ground cloth is opened, is in the ranks applying chicken manure fertilizer 250kg, it is using rotary cultivator that fertilizer is abundant with soil
It is uniformly mixed, then backfills soil, form plantation row.
Four, pruning
The pruning of current year after field planting: pinching when young sprout length to 10 cm or so, after sprouting sprouts, retains 4~5 strong buds, makees
For the fruitful branch of current year, remaining whole is erased；Spring trimming (heavily retractive pruning) is carried out to annual shoot around the Spring Festival within 2nd year,
Base portion stays 2~3 buds；Brachyplast after spring trimming can sprout 1~2 bud, and every plant of tree reservation orientation is preferable, growth potential is stronger
Bud 4~5, as the fruitful branch of current year, remaining bud is all erased；As fruitful branch is constantly grown, by fruitful branch 15 cm of length
Plastic zinc-plated tied silk fixedly hold in the palm on film line, branch spacing be 20 cm；Annual pruning later was according to the 2nd year mode
It carries out.
Five, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The Mancozeb medical fluid of 1000 times of liquid is sprayed before seedling planting；After spring trimming, clear garden work is carried out, branches and leaves are removed,
And 500 times of liquid of lime sulfur crystal are sprayed with soil surface in the tree；After spring branch rudiment, full garden sprays fungicide, can wave
Your more 200 times of liquid, hundred safe (5% pyraclostrobin and 55% Carbatene mixture) 1500 times of liquid, A meter Miao receive (20% Fluoxastrobin and
12.5% difenoconazole mixture) 1500 times of liquid are used alternatingly；Primary every 15d spray, 20 d discontinue medication before fruit harvesting.Such as
Fruit summer pest and disease damage is serious, if late July is serious to late August insect pest, a fungicide is sprayed every 10d, after spray in 20 d
Forbid fruit picking.
It is easy during fruit maturation by birds, the PE anti-bird net that mesh is 2.5 cm can be covered in garden entirely, effectively
Prevent harm of the birds to fruit.
A kind of fig implantation methods for adapting to South China's ecological environment of embodiment 2
One, orchard establishment
Selection sunshine condition is preferable, topography is flat, the convenient plot orchard establishment of irrigation and drainage.It is high to form two sides by ridging, high 0.6 m in ridge face
Intermediate low field planting row, 2 m of line-spacing.
Facility is built: every row both ends are each to found a concrete column, and specification is 1.8 m of the m of 2.4 m × 0.1.Respectively on the ground
0.7 m, 1.2 m, the angle bar that three 3.0 cm of hem width, side 0.4 cm of thickness are inserted at 1.7 m, it is desirable that both ends are isometric, in angle bar two
1 strip holder film line is respectively drawn in side direct motion.× 0.1 m, column underground plant 0.6 m, overground part fractionation
Drip irrigation facilities are installed, rich water pond position is typically chosen among plot and the higher area in position, aqueduct can be divided into
Supervisor, branch pipe, drop band；Pvc pipe can be selected in supervisor and branch pipe, and drop band is 16 mm of internal diameter, drop using patch type, specification is inlayed in PE
Head 500 mm of spacing, dripping end flow 2L/h, drip irrigation zone is arranged according to ridge.
Two, it is colonized
It is colonized in early and middle ten days in March, spacing in the rows 1.0m, plants 300 plants per acre；After plantation, in covering ground cloth in the ranks.Select nutrition pot seedling
It is planted, it is desirable that nursery stock is healthy and strong, and tissue enriches, and degree of lignification is high.After removing nutritive cube, by the fig seedling with nursery soil
It is placed in cave center, righting simultaneously backfills surface soil to rootstock, is filled with enough water after tracking tramping having peace of mind.Pay attention to keeping soil wet after seedling planting
Profit, watering should not be excessively diligent, in order to avoid cause butt rot.
Three, fertilizer and water management
When orchard establishment, before field planting, chicken manure fertilizer 200kg is applied per acre, is mixed with soil, ridging.
After seedling planting, ground moistening is kept, 5 d water drenchings are primary.30 d after field planting after Survival rate of nursery stock, starts leaching fertilising
Water: April to early and middle ten days in May, mainly drenches stout and strong seedling, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 180g/L, P2O5 120g/L, K2O120g/L, B
1 g/L, Zn0.5 g/L, 10 g/L of organic matter, every 7d days leaching rich water 1 time；Mid or late May to mid or late July is at this time fruit
Fruit-promoting fertilizer, the concentration of fertilizer are applied in real mature peak period, main leaching are as follows: N 100 g/L, P2O5 130g/L, K2O 160 g/L, B
2 g/L, Zn 1 g/L, Ca 2 g/L, Mg 0.5 g/L, 60 g/L of organic matter drench rich water 1 time every 5 d；Late July is to August
In the last ten-days period, fruit maturation is less at this time, mainly drenches stout and strong tree, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 140 g/L, P2O5 130 g/L, K2O
160 g/L, 30 g/L of organic matter drench rich water 1 time every 5d；When dry weather, every 1~2 d water drenching 1 time；Early September is to 12
Fruit-promoting fertilizer, the concentration of fertilizer are applied in the middle ten days and the last ten days moon, main leaching are as follows: N 80 g/L, P2O5 130g/L, K22 g/ of O 160 g/L, Ca
L, B 1 g/L, Zn 1 g/L, Mg 0.5 g/L, 20 g/L of organic matter；It is drenched rich water 1 time every 8 d.It is drenched by the way of trickle irrigation
Apply fertilizer water or water, and each trickle irrigation amount is 600L/ mus.Leaching is applied 30~60 minutes every time, and each each water yield of water dropper is 2L.
After spring trimming, ground cloth is opened, is in the ranks applying chicken manure fertilizer 200kg, it is using rotary cultivator that fertilizer is abundant with soil
It is uniformly mixed, then backfills soil, form plantation row.
Four, pruning
The pruning of current year after field planting: pinching when young sprout length to 15 cm or so, after sprouting sprouts, retains 4~5 strong buds, makees
For the fruitful branch of current year, remaining whole is erased；Spring trimming (heavily retractive pruning) is carried out to annual shoot around the Spring Festival within 2nd year,
Base portion stays 2~3 buds；Brachyplast after spring trimming can sprout 1~2 bud, and every plant of tree reservation orientation is preferable, growth potential is stronger
Bud 4~5, as the fruitful branch of current year, remaining bud is all erased；As fruitful branch is constantly grown, by fruitful branch 15 cm of length
Plastic zinc-plated tied silk fixedly hold in the palm on film line, branch spacing be 30 cm；Annual pruning later was according to the 2nd year mode
It carries out.
Five, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The Mancozeb medical fluid of 2000 times of liquid is sprayed before seedling planting；After spring trimming, clear garden work is carried out, branches and leaves are removed,
And 2000 times of liquid of lime sulfur crystal are sprayed with soil surface in the tree；After spring branch rudiment, full garden sprays fungicide, can wave
Your more 200 times of liquid, hundred safe (5% pyraclostrobin and 55% Carbatene mixture) 1500 times of liquid, A meter Miao receive (20% Fluoxastrobin and
12.5% difenoconazole mixture) 1500 times of liquid are used alternatingly；Primary every 20 d spray, 20 d discontinue medication before fruit harvesting.Such as
Fruit summer pest and disease damage is serious, if late July is serious to late August insect pest, a fungicide is sprayed every 10d, after spray in 20 d
Forbid fruit picking.
It is easy during fruit maturation by birds, the PE anti-bird net that mesh is 2.5 cm can be covered in garden entirely, effectively
Prevent harm of the birds to fruit.
A kind of fig implantation methods for adapting to South China's ecological environment of embodiment 3
One, orchard establishment
Selection sunshine condition is preferable, topography is flat, the convenient plot orchard establishment of irrigation and drainage.Ridging, the high 0.4m in ridge face form two sides senior middle school
Between low field planting row, 2.5 m of line-spacing.
Facility is built: every row both ends are each to found a concrete column, and specification is 1.8 m of the m of 2.4 m × 0.1.Respectively on the ground
0.7 m, 1.2 m, the angle bar that three 3.0 cm of hem width, side 0.4 cm of thickness are inserted at 1.7 m, it is desirable that both ends are isometric, in angle bar two
1 strip holder film line is respectively drawn in side direct motion.× 0.1 m, column underground plant 0.6 m, overground part fractionation
Drip irrigation facilities are installed, rich water pond position is typically chosen among plot and the higher area in position, aqueduct can be divided into
Supervisor, branch pipe, drop band；Pvc pipe can be selected in supervisor and branch pipe, and drop band is 16 mm of internal diameter, drop using patch type, specification is inlayed in PE
Head 200 mm of spacing, dripping end flow 3L/h, drip irrigation zone is arranged according to ridge.
Two, it is colonized
It is colonized in early and middle ten days in March, spacing in the rows 0.3m, plants 700 plants per acre；After plantation, in covering ground cloth in the ranks.Select nutrition pot seedling
It is planted, it is desirable that nursery stock is healthy and strong, and tissue enriches, and degree of lignification is high.After removing nutritive cube, by the fig seedling with nursery soil
It is placed in cave center, righting simultaneously backfills surface soil to rootstock, is filled with enough water after tracking tramping having peace of mind.Pay attention to keeping soil wet after seedling planting
Profit, watering should not be excessively diligent, in order to avoid cause butt rot.
Three, fertilizer and water management
When orchard establishment, before field planting, chicken manure fertilizer 300kg is applied per acre, is mixed with soil, ridging.
After seedling planting, ground moistening is kept, 3d water drenching is primary.20d after field planting after Survival rate of nursery stock, starts leaching fertilising water:
April to early and middle ten days in May, mainly drenches stout and strong seedling, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 250g/L, P2O5 160g/L, K2O180g/L, B 3
G/L, Zn2 g/L, 20 g/L of organic matter, every 10d days leaching rich water 1 time；Mid or late May to mid or late July, at this time for fruit at
Fruit-promoting fertilizer, the concentration of fertilizer are applied in ripe peak period, main leaching are as follows: N 160 g/L, P2O5 180g/L, K2O 220 g/L, B5 g/
L, Zn 3 g/L, Ca 5 g/L, Mg 2 g/L, 60 g/L of organic matter drench rich water 1 time every 4 d；Late July to late August,
Fruit maturation is less at this time, mainly drenches stout and strong tree, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 220 g/L, P2O5 160 g/L, K2O 220 g/
L, 50 g/L of organic matter drench rich water 1 time every 6d；When dry weather, every 1~2 d water drenching 1 time；Under in early September to 12 months
Fruit-promoting fertilizer, the concentration of fertilizer are applied in ten days, main leaching are as follows: N 140 g/L, P2O5 180g/L, K2O 220 g/L, Ca 5 g/L, B 3
G/L, Zn 3 g/L, Mg 2 g/L, 40 g/L of organic matter drench rich water 1 time every 6d.Drenched by the way of trickle irrigation fertilising water or
Water, each trickle irrigation amount are 1500L/ mus.Leaching is applied 30~60 minutes every time, and each each water yield of water dropper is 2L.
After spring trimming, ground cloth is opened, is in the ranks applying chicken manure fertilizer 150kg, it is using rotary cultivator that fertilizer is abundant with soil
It is uniformly mixed, then backfills soil, form plantation row.
Four, pruning
The pruning of current year after field planting: pinching when young sprout length to 10cm or so, after sprouting sprouts, retains 4~5 strong buds, makees
For the fruitful branch of current year, remaining whole is erased；Spring trimming (heavily retractive pruning) is carried out to annual shoot around the Spring Festival within 2nd year,
Base portion stays 2~3 buds；Brachyplast after spring trimming can sprout 1~2 bud, and every plant of tree reservation orientation is preferable, growth potential is stronger
Bud 4~5, as the fruitful branch of current year, remaining bud is all erased；As fruitful branch is constantly grown, by fruitful branch 15 cm of length
Plastic zinc-plated tied silk fixedly hold in the palm on film line, branch spacing be 20 cm；Annual pruning later was according to the 2nd year mode
It carries out.
Five, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The Mancozeb medical fluid of 200 times of liquid is sprayed before seedling planting；After spring trimming, clear garden work is carried out, branches and leaves are removed, and
3000 times of liquid of lime sulfur crystal are sprayed with soil surface in the tree；After spring branch rudiment, full garden sprays fungicide, can bohr
200 times of more liquid, hundred safe (5% pyraclostrobin and 55% Carbatene mixture) 1500 times of liquid, A meter Miao receive (20% Fluoxastrobin and 12.5%
Difenoconazole mixture) 1500 times of liquid are used alternatingly；Primary every 15 d spray, 20 d discontinue medication before fruit harvesting.If the summer
Season, pest and disease damage was serious, if late July is serious to late August insect pest, sprays a fungicide every 15 d, forbids in 20 d after spray
Fruit picking.
It is easy during fruit maturation by birds, the PE anti-bird net that mesh is 2.5 cm can be covered in garden entirely, effectively
Prevent harm of the birds to fruit.
A kind of fig implantation methods of reference examples 1
Field planting, line-spacing 3 m, spacing in the rows 2m, remaining is identical in embodiment 1.
A kind of fig implantation methods of reference examples 2
Pruning: when trimming around the Spring Festival, cutting back is carried out to annual shoot, stays 20cm, remaining is identical in embodiment 1.
A kind of fig implantation methods of reference examples 3
Pruning: after spring young sprout is sprouted, without bud thinning, give free rein to grow, remaining is identical in embodiment 1.
A kind of fig implantation methods of reference examples 4
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: after winter pruning, after spring rudiment, fungicide diseases prevention is not sprayed, remaining is identical in embodiment 1.
A kind of fig implantation methods of reference examples 5
Fertilizer and water management: before field planting and after spring trimming, chicken manure fertilizer is not applied, remaining is identical in embodiment 1.
A kind of fig implantation methods of reference examples 6
Fertilizer and water management: as follows, remaining is identical in embodiment 1:
Apply the concentration of fertilizer April to December are as follows: N 220 g/L, P2O5 140 g/L, K2O 160 g/L, B 2 g/L, Zn 1
G/L, 30 g/L of organic matter；
A kind of fig implantation methods of reference examples 7
Fertilizer and water management: as follows, remaining is identical in embodiment 1:
April to December, water drenching, application liquid manure useless.
Application examples
The upgrowth situation of Statistics Implementation example 1 to 3 and reference examples 1 to 8, pest and disease damage state of development, year per mu yield, as a result see the table below 1.
Wherein,
Table 1:
The results show that the embodiment of the present invention 1 to 3 technical solution year per mu yield, soluble solid ratio and mean fruit weight
Amount significantly improves, and disease fruit rate is remarkably decreased, and fruit maturation is early, and the collecting period is obviously prolonged, and can dramatically increase farmer's income.
Claims (8)
1. it is a kind of adapt to South China fig implantation methods, which is characterized in that before field planting, per acre apply chicken manure fertilizer 200~
300kg is mixed with soil, ridging；The field planting of early and middle ten days in March, 300~700 plants, 2~2.5 m of line-spacing of plantation per acre, spacing in the rows 0.3~
1.0m；Ground moistening is kept after field planting；20~30 d start leaching fertilising water after field planting；The mode of specific leaching fertilising water are as follows:
April is to early and middle ten days in May, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 180~250g/L, P2O5120~160g/L, K2120~180g/ of O
L, B 1~3g/L, Zn 0.5~2g/L, 10~20g/L of organic matter, every 7~10 d days leaching rich water 1 time；
Mid or late May to mid or late July, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 100~160g/L, P2O5 130~180g/L, K2O160~
220g/L, B 2~5g/L, Zn 1~3g/L, Ca 2~5 g/L, 0.5~2 g/L of Mg, 60 g/L of organic matter；Every 4~5 d
Leaching rich water 1 time；
Late July to late August, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 160~220g/L, P2O5 130~160g/L, K2160~220g/ of O
L, 30~50g/L of organic matter；Otherwise dry weather is drenched rich water 1 time every 1~2 d water drenching 1 time every 5~6 d；
Early September to mid or late December, the concentration of fertilizer are as follows: N 80~100 g/L, P2O5130~180g/L, K2O 160~
220g/L, Ca2~5g/L, B1~3g/L, Zn1~3g/L, Mg0.5~2g/L, 20~40g/L of organic matter；It is drenched every 6~8 d
Rich water 1 time,
Wherein, fertilising water or water are drenched by the way of trickle irrigation, each trickle irrigation amount is 500~2000L/ mus.
2. fig implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that after field planting, young sprout it is long to 10~15 cm when beat
Top；After sprouting sprouts, retains 4~5 strong buds, develop into the fruitful branch of current year, remaining whole is erased；Each year was to 1 year later
Raw branch carries out spring trimming, and annual shoot base portion stays 2~3 buds, forms brachyplast；After bud on brachyplast is sprouted, every plant of tree retains
Orientation is preferable, the stronger bud of growth potential 4~5, develops into the fruitful branch of current year, remaining bud is all erased.
3. fig implantation methods according to claim 2, which is characterized in that be fixed to fruitful branch, make fruitful branch
Spacing is 20~30 cm.
4. fig implantation methods according to claim 2, which is characterized in that after spring trimming, open ground cloth, apply per acre
150~250 kg of chicken manure fertilizer is in the ranks being applied, is being sufficiently mixed uniformly with soil, and backfill soil, plantation row is formed.
5. fig implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control mode are as follows: before seedling planting
Spray the Mancozeb medical fluid of 200~2000 times of liquid；Set after spring trimming upper and soil surface spray lime sulfur crystal 500~
3000 times of liquid；After spring branch rudiment, a fungicide is sprayed every 15~20 d in full garden.
6. fig implantation methods according to claim 5, which is characterized in that if late July is serious to late August insect pest,
Fungicide, which sprays, to be changed to spray once every 10~15 d.
7. fig implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that full garden covers anti-bird during fruit maturation
Net.
8. fig implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when orchard establishment, per acre apply chicken manure fertilizer 200~
300 kg are sufficiently mixed uniformly, ridging with soil, high 0.4~0.5 m in ridge face, low field planting row, line-spacing between formation two sides senior middle school
2~2.5 m.
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| CN113207528A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-06 | 杭州富阳君晓农业科技有限公司 | Fig dwarfing planting method and dwarfing device thereof |
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