CN110079935A - 针刺地毯 - Google Patents

针刺地毯 Download PDF

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CN110079935A
CN110079935A CN201811567653.2A CN201811567653A CN110079935A CN 110079935 A CN110079935 A CN 110079935A CN 201811567653 A CN201811567653 A CN 201811567653A CN 110079935 A CN110079935 A CN 110079935A
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needle
needle punched
punched carpet
layer
carpet according
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詹姆斯·泰勒
米夏埃尔·基西希
梅加纳坦·米纳克施森达拉姆
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Autoneum Management AG
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Autoneum Management AG
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    • D04H11/00Non-woven pile fabrics
    • D04H11/08Non-woven pile fabrics formed by creation of a pile on at least one surface of a non-woven fabric without addition of pile-forming material, e.g. by needling, by differential shrinking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N3/00Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for
    • B60N3/04Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of floor mats or carpets
    • B60N3/042Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of floor mats or carpets of carpets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N3/00Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for
    • B60N3/04Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of floor mats or carpets
    • B60N3/048Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of floor mats or carpets characterised by their structure
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    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/23929Edge feature or configured or discontinuous surface
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

用于汽车中的针刺地毯,包括至少一个由短纤维制成的作为顶层的针刺表面层,其中所述短纤维包括中空纤维,所述中空纤维的含量占所有短纤维的重量的至少大于45%。

Description

针刺地毯
本申请是申请日为2013年5月7日,题为《针刺地毯》的中国发明专利申请201380025553.6的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于汽车内部的针刺地毯,例如主地板、选择垫、座椅背、行李架、柱装饰板的覆盖物或者车辆的车尾箱或行李箱的覆盖物。
背景技术
汽车内部和行李箱通常衬有不同类型的纤维织物,但是近年来主要使用簇状针刺地毯。
汽车工业内熟知的针刺地毯大体包括:
·至少一个针刺装饰表面层,其由纤维网制成,该纤维网可制成在卡上,并交叉重叠来增加面积重量。因此形成的网通过刺针重复地穿透该网的重复动作被强化并加固,使得材料被缠结并且厚度减小。最终第二针刺步骤可用来从冠状针或者叉状针的动作获得表面图案,例如dilour或者有棱的表面;以及
·最后在地毯的后侧上的一个或多个底衬层,例如乳胶、热塑性塑料、毛毡或泡沫层或者这些材料的组合。
EP 0518690A公开了共轭纤维与聚丙烯纤维一起形成针刺顶层的应用。该针刺垫受到热处理而与共轭纤维融合并进一步粘结针刺顶层,增加了由此形成的地毯的整体性能。根据所公开的在短纤维混合物中使用共轭纤维的公开内容,针刺地毯不需要底衬层。
中空纤维主要用来填充垫底材料或外磨损,由于重量体积的增加,材料更轻,并且由于截入空气的更高等级,热绝缘增加。而且,已知使用中空纤维用于声学毛毡,部分用作针刺和簇状汽车地毯的声学底衬层。然而,以前没有显示使用具有中空横截面的短纤维用于针刺地毯表面层。广泛地认为特别是中空横截面容易受到高风险的纤维化或者断裂,并因此不能用于针刺地毯表面层,容易由于磨损而受到损耗。
汽车地毯受到主要来自于鞋子的磨损。与由于正常行走的加压(通常是家庭或者工业地毯的磨损)相比,汽车地毯的磨损更多的是由于鞋子的运动而引起的局部磨耗。特别地,在制动和齿轮踏板下方的区域较多地受到这种磨损。然而,当承受较重负载时行李箱受到的磨损也增加。因此,汽车工业使用磨耗性能作为选择适当的针刺地毯的重要标准之一。磨耗性能通常但并非仅使用根据SAE标准的Tabor泰伯尔磨耗试验测量。在第一个300周期中的最大重量损耗和/或在第一个孔可见之前的周期的最大量是评价标准,对于每个汽车制造商来说是不同的。
为了满足汽车制造商的标准,经常增加基垫的重量。然而,由于汽车中使用的每千克材料与该汽车的燃料效能和CO2排放直接相关,所以汽车工业中的趋势是更轻量的产品。
另一个标准是地毯在磨损周期之后或者在磨耗测试后期的视觉外形。由于顶部纤维的磨损、损坏和/或断裂,这可能引起特别是彩色(黑色)地毯的变白效应。该变白效应是不需要的特征,其降低了地毯表面的使用期望。特别是对于由固体纤维制成的针刺地毯,这会产生问题。这种变白效应对于市场上现有的针刺纤维来说是突出的问题。这些类型的地毯主要被中低档的汽车所接受,而不会被高端汽车所接受。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要优化用于汽车用途的针刺地毯的整体磨损性能和/或可替换地获得在低整体重量下具有与现有的针刺地毯相同的磨耗性能的针刺地毯。进一步,本发明的目的是要获得具有与目前市场上的针刺地毯相同或更好的整体性能的地毯。
该目的是通过根据本发明的针刺地毯表面层获得的,其具有主要权利要求的特征。特别地,通过使用具有中空横截面的短纤维,已经发现针刺地毯的磨耗性能相对于由圆形固体短纤维制成的相同制造的针刺地毯有所增加。
出人意外地,已经发现具有基本由中空纤维制成的表面的针刺地毯具有增加的磨耗性能。已知中空纤维的使用具有优点:该层可制成更轻,由于在纤维本身中的空隙体积而保持高的纤维密度。然而,磨耗性能的意外增加使其可能减少地毯顶层中使用的面积重量,并且同时保持视觉上良好的地毯外形。
出人意外地,在对根据本发明由中空纤维制成的地毯层的整个磨耗测试中,样品没有显示磨耗表面的大量变白。这对于汽车内部中使用的地毯表面特别是对于高端汽车中这种地板的接受来说是重要的标准。
通过有创造性的非纺织地毯,可能生产平坦-卷形物品以及模塑的3D地毯部件,具有可被大多数汽车制造商标准所接受的磨耗性能。
中空短纤维
根据本发明用于针刺表面的中空短纤维具有横截面,所述横截面具有在所述纤维的整个长度上轴向延伸的至少一个空隙区域(见图3A)。在所述纤维的整个长度上轴向延伸的具有多个空隙区域的中空纤维可被用来形成根据本发明的针刺地毯表面。使用的中空纤维具有多达15%到35%的空隙空间(基于横截面),优选在15%~25%。
优选地,中空纤维的外横截面基本是倒圆形的、圆形的或椭圆形的。由于在制造过程中不同的条件,纤维很少完美地形成。可能围绕中空区域的聚合物纤维是打开的,使得纤维的横截面与O相比更像是C。优选地,中空或空隙区域是基本位于横截面中间的中心区域(2)(图3A和3C)。然而,根据本发明也可使用具有多个沿着纤维的轴向导向的更小中空区域的横截面,例如图3B中所示的4个中空管(2)。所述中空区域可具有除最常见的圆形以外的其它横截面,例如三叶形或矩形,并且如期望地落入本发明的范围内。
取决于空隙的区域,纤维的密度按比例地低于材料的密度。例如对于PET约1.38g/m3
使用的中空短纤维在大约2和20dtex之间,优选在4~17dtex之间。dtex的混合,例如12和17dtex的精纤维和粗纤维也是可能的。
短纤维具有通常用于汽车应用的针刺地毯层的纤维长度,优选在大约40到120mm之间,优选在50到80mm之间。
根据本发明的中空短纤维优选由热塑性材料制成,例如聚酯聚合物,包括芳香族和脂肪族聚酯聚合物,或者在汽车地毯中常见的聚丙烯,或者PA6或PA66等聚酰胺,或者聚乳酸(PLA)。示例的聚酯聚合物包括但是不限于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、或聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)。
根据本发明的地毯表面层基本包括中空短纤维。至少多达重量的100%是中空短纤维(重量%被限定为基于针刺表面层的所有纤维重量的纤维百分数)。优选中空纤维的含量按重量为至少45%,优选按重量为至少65%。
当短纤维用于其特定的横截面时,共轭或双组分纤维在针刺或其它工艺步骤后由于分开而失去中空形状,不能再用于根据本发明的表面层来形成针刺表面层的主要结构部件。
然而,在高磨损区域内,将中空的短纤维与额外的粘结纤维结合可能是有利的。例如,可添入共轭、双组分或低熔融的短纤维来增加针刺表面的锁持或粘结。粘结纤维根据使用的中空纤维来选取。优选地,粘结纤维由低熔融的聚合物制成,例如PP或者聚酯,优选共聚酯(coPET)。粘结纤维的量不超过表面层的总重量的25%。
在磨损不多或者要求低等级磨耗性能的区域中,一部分的中空纤维可以被标准的聚酯固体纤维来替换。使用的所有纤维的多达55%可以是这种固体短纤维。还可以使用染色的纤维来增强所述针刺表面层的整体美学性能。许多汽车制造商要求彩色来将他们的汽车的内部外观个性化。
额外的纤维优选由与使用的中空短纤维相同或相似的聚合物材料制成。优选地,使用的所有短纤维基于相同的聚合物或者聚合物的族。并且,回收利用的聚合物的使用也是一种选择,其落入本发明所要求的范围内,特别是使用聚酯中空纤维,最终结合聚酯固体纤维和/或共轭粘结聚酯粘结纤维,由此使用的部分或者所有聚酯来自于聚酯的可回收资源,例如聚酯瓶片料。
根据本发明的针刺地毯表面层可用作装饰层,例如用于诸如行李架、行李箱地板或者座椅靠背等内部装饰部件的覆盖层。对于此,针刺地毯具有匹配装饰件产品的粘结层,通常是热塑性材料。还可能将针刺地毯用作选择垫或者插入垫(throw-in mat)的装饰顶层,额外的底衬层符合专用于这种选择垫的其它要求,例如刚度或者防滑性。例如,可使用毛毡、植绒或者橡胶的底衬层。
另一种可能是将这种针刺材料用作主地板系统的装饰表面层。于此,材料通常获得一个或多个底衬层,其执行该部分的声学功能,例如厚层或质量层以及离耦层来形成噪音隔离器。另一种选择是使用气流阻抗层,例如泡沫层或者毛毡层,由此获得吸声器。
例如,EP 0934180 A、EP2365483 A或者EP 2364881 A中公开的声学系统,使用了例如针刺地毯形式的装饰顶层,其通常对于下面的声学系统的声学性能没有影响。根据本发明的地毯表面层可与这些申请中公开的声学系统一起使用,而不会具有对公开的系统的声学性能的不良干涉。
根据本发明的表面层是可渗透的。然而,由于已经测得根据本发明的表面层本身不具有显著的吸声性能,所以它仅能稍微增强可能的吸声性能。与中空纤维可用来生产吸声层的公开信念不同,还没有证明用于根据本发明的针刺地毯层。原因可能是用来生产声学层的工艺参数与生产地毯层的这些参数不同。
在车辆中用作标准的针刺装饰地毯表面层的面积重量取决于使用的区域以及汽车的独占性,通常在180到800gr/m2的范围内。例如,在高端汽车领域,可达到700gr/m2,而在低端汽车领域,可能低至200gr/m2
当针刺地毯被用作美学或者装饰表面层时,网可被保持为平坦的网或者平坦的针刺地毯层可通过附加的针刺来增强,以提供更结构化的表面,该表面可以是有棱的、丝绒或者无定向丝绒(也称作dilour)的形式。其它用来增强外观而不会损害磨耗结果的表面处理也是可能的,并落入本公开的范围内。
根据本发明的最终结合有一个或多个底衬层的针刺表面层可被模塑来形成汽车的内部的一部分,例如主地板或者行李箱区域。3D形式可借助于在汽车工业中常用的转化工艺通过冷塑和/或热塑完成。
附图说明
图1示出了根据现有技术的用于车辆的模塑地毯的横截面。
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明的具有表面层的地毯的分层。
图3示出了不同的中空纤维的横截面。
图4和图5示出了具有不同的中空与固体纤维比例的样品的磨耗测试的结果。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据现有技术的用于车辆的模塑毛毯地板1的横截面,其包括地毯表面层2和底衬层3,该地毯表面层可以是针刺或者成簇状的表面层,该底衬层可以是例如乳胶、热塑性材料、泡沫或者毛毡层,这些层可以使用粘合层被层压到另一层。底衬层可以是多层系统,如本领域所已知的,用于增强汽车中的声学性能。例如,可以使用质量层形式的隔离层和泡沫或者毛毡层形式的弹性层。所示的地毯被模塑成符合车辆的地板。模塑可使用本领域内已知的热塑或者冷塑来进行。
相比下,根据本发明的针刺地毯(图2)具有(suffice with)根据本发明的针刺表面层,而不需要纤维锁接层和辅助层,因此将具有增加的磨耗性能。
如果需要的话,粘合层4可被使用来将针刺表面层直接粘结到基板或者需要针刺表面层的其它汽车部件。尽管不是必须的,但是可能是优选地,例如,在常使用的区域中,将轻纤维锁接系统例如粘结纤维用在表面层和/或非乳胶底衬层中,例如,诸如LDPE,HDPE,PP等聚烯烃、诸如Fixamine等聚烯烃分散体(polyolefin dispersion)和/或最终结合有LDPE或其它的热塑性聚合物材料的乳胶底衬层。
根据本发明的针刺表面2可被结合有包含无孔的重层或质量层5以及离耦层6的质量弹性系统,重层或质量层5可以是例如基于EPDM、EVA、PP、PE的层,例如该层被填充矿物质,离耦层6可以是泡沫或者毛毡层。最终粘合层4可被用于这些层之间。并且,根据本发明的针刺表面层与吸声层形式的有孔底衬层或者单个底衬层的组合也是一种选择。
根据本发明的针刺表面层还可用于乘客的脚步区域中的插入垫。特别是,在前座座椅前面的区域中,表面层被结合有防滑底衬以及可能的橡胶嵌入区域来形成本领域已知的垫子。并且,这些垫子可被模塑成符合使用这些垫子的区域的形式。
样品制备
针刺表面层使用标准工业规模的针刺地毯生产线来制造。所示的短纤维使用梳理和交叉搭接来混合并形成在棉絮或垫子中。该垫子使用平坦的刺针来预针刺以形成地毯表面层。该针刺表面层使用叉形dilour针进行第二dilour图案步骤。对于所有样品可使用相同的设置。
样品被包覆乳胶和LDPE底衬,最终结合有标准的毛毡底衬层。所有的样品使用通常应用于汽车地毯的生产的黑色溶液染色的短纤维制成。
根据DIN 53109或同等的SAE J1530使用taber测试来对所有的样品进行磨耗测试。该测试在taber磨耗测试机上使用H18磨盘和10N的压力进行。首先在300周期后,然后再每1000周期后,测量重量损耗,直到周期结束。注意样品上的其它的变化,例如长毛(bearding)。一旦观察到针刺表面上的孔,该测试停止并且记下周期的末端。测得的重量损耗g被标准化为每1000周期的重量损耗g,以允许进行比对。
参考样品1:具有大约13dtex和纤维长度76mm的PE固体纤维被梳理并交叉搭接来形成具有面积重量的垫子。
根据本发明的示例使用中空的PES被制成与参考样品相同。中空的PES纤维大约12dtex,纤维长度为60mm。所使用的中空纤维具有倒圆形的横截面和一个空隙,该空隙区域是倒圆形的。通过与参考样品中使用的相同固体PES纤维混合制成中空纤维的重量百分数为100%、70%和30%的样品。尽管所有纤维的dtex相似,但是由于中空纤维中的空隙区域,该纤维比较粗糙。不同的PES纤维的化学分析并没有显示出用于制造不同的短纤维所使用的材料之间的相关区别。
关于顶部针刺表面层,所有样品测量具有大约400g/m2的相同面积重量。
图4和图5示出了作为卷形物品(roll good)以及模塑部分的所有样品的taber测试的结果。图4示出了在孔的第一迹象变得可见以前获得的最大周期,而图5中显示了重量损耗g,对于相同的样品被标准化为1000周期。
意外地,对于相同面积重量的顶部针刺层,中空纤维含量的重量百分比为70%和100%的样品显示出增强的整体性能。在卷形物品状态(RG)下发现的周期的末端已经达到关于100%固体纤维参考样品测得的两倍以上。即使在模塑地毯(M)中,参考样品和100%中空纤维样品之间的区别也是差不多2倍。意外地,磨耗的表面没有显示出明显的变白效应,尽管一个固体纤维参考样品在周期的末端变白到不可接受的等级。更意外地,针对用于卷形物品地毯(RG)和模塑地毯(M)的重量百分比为70%和100%中空纤维的样品,测得并规格化为1000周期的重量损耗g显示出显著的减少。
看起来一定重量%的中空纤维必须存在于样品中以获得较好的整体磨耗性能,例如最大周期的增加以及重量损耗g减少。基于这些样品以及其它没有显示的样品,期望中空纤维的重量百分比的临界值在大约至少45%到50%,以获得磨耗性能的增强。由此,重量百分比为100%的中空纤维显示出最佳的性能。
对于某些汽车制造商来说,重要的是需要颜色匹配,由此混合不同颜色的短纤维,纯100%重量的中空纤维不是必须的或者经济的。然而,通过至少大约50%重量的中空纤维,仍能够获得令人满意的结果。根据消费者的特定要求,这些中空纤维能够被混合多达100%的染色固体纤维和/或粘结纤维。
出乎意料地,与市场上现在销售的标准PES针刺地毯(结果未示出)的结果的对比显示出在200g/m2重量减少下(市场上找到的地毯表面600g/m2对比根据本发明的地毯表面400g/m2),可以获得相同的磨耗性能。
具有30%中空纤维的样品显示出与参考样品相似的结果。这可以表示用来对磨耗性能产生影响的中空纤维的量具有临界值。考虑到数据,临界值被期望为是用于根据本发明的针刺顶层的整体纤维的重量的至少大于50%。相比下,根据本发明的针刺地毯本身可具有根据本发明的针刺表面层,而不需要纤维锁接层和辅助层,并且将获得增加的磨耗性能。
根据本发明包含50%以上重量的中空纤维的样品都没有显示出明显的变白效应,而市场上的样品和参考样品都显示出磨耗表面的显著变白。这意味着与市场上目前的变白地毯相比,本发明的地毯在使用中外观在颜色上没有明显可见的变化,并且更长时间看起来是新的。尽管在磨耗测试中,根据本发明的顶层表面也发生一些样品的压扁,但是由于颜色仍保持相同,所以压扁看起来不甚明显。

Claims (28)

1.一种针刺地毯,其包括:
经第一针刺步骤和第二针刺步骤处理的由纤维非纺织网制成的表面层,其中所述表面层包括中空短纤维和其它短纤维,其中所述中空纤维由聚酯制成并且不是共轭或双组分构造,并且所述针刺地毯的中空纤维含量为所有短纤维含量的至少45重量%;和
与所述表面层相连的第二层,其中所述表面层是所述针刺地毯的最顶层,其适用于直接接触导致磨损的加压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述中空纤维的含量为所有短纤维含量的至少65重量%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,其它短纤维的至少一部分包含粘结纤维,所述粘结纤维不超过所述表面层的总重量的25%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述中空短纤维具有横截面,所述横截面具有至少一个在所述纤维的整个长度上轴向延伸的空隙区域。
5.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述中空纤维具有基于横截面的空隙空间,其包括所述中空纤维的整个横截面面积的大约15%~35%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述中空短纤维的外部横截面为基本倒圆形的、圆形的、三叶形的或者矩形的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所有纤维的纤维长度在大约40mm和120mm之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,使用的基本所有短纤维在大约4dtex和20dtex之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,多达100%的所述中空短纤维和其它的短纤维具有不同的dtex。
10.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,使用的所述短纤维由热塑性材料制成,所述热塑性材料包括芳香族和脂肪族聚酯聚合物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所有短纤维基于相同的聚合物或者聚合物的族。
12.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,表面层的针刺表面是平坦的或者有结构的表面的至少一种。
13.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述针刺表面层具有约180~800g/m2的单位面积重量。
14.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,其中所述第二层为以下的至少一个:泡沫层、毛毡层、厚层或非乳胶底衬层的粘合层。
15.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述地毯被模塑成3D形状。
16.一种使用根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯的方法,包括作为平坦的或模塑的地毯覆盖主地板、内控制板区域、地板垫、座椅靠背、行李架、柱装饰板或者覆盖车尾箱或行李箱中的区域。
17.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述中空短纤维不是卷曲的(crimped)。
18.一种针刺地毯,其包括:
经第一针刺步骤和第二针刺步骤处理的由非纺织网制成的针刺表面层,其由不是共轭或双组分构造的聚酯中空短纤维和其它短纤维制成;和
与所述表面层相连的第二层,其中所述表面层是所述针刺地毯的最顶层,其适用于直接接触导致磨损的加压。
19.根据权利要求18所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述中空短纤维不是卷曲的(crimped)。
20.根据权利要求18所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述第二层为以下的至少一个:泡沫层、毛毡层、厚层或非乳胶底衬层的粘合层。
21.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述第二针刺步骤赋予所述表面层有棱的、丝绒或者无定向丝绒的表面。
22.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述第一针刺步骤使用减少所述网的厚度的平坦刺针,并且所述第二针刺步骤使用叉形dilour针以赋予所述表面层结构。
23.根据权利要求18所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,其中所述第二针刺步骤赋予所述表面层有棱的、丝绒或者无定向丝绒的表面。
24.根据权利要求18所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述第一针刺步骤使用减少所述网的厚度的平坦刺针,并且所述第二针刺步骤使用叉形dilour针赋予所述表面层结构。
25.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述表面层是耐磨的,从而使用H18磨盘和10N的压力的Taber磨耗测试机完成至少约780次循环不会在面层中产生孔。
26.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述聚酯是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯。
27.根据权利要求1所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述其它短纤维包含聚酯固体纤维、聚酯粘结纤维或其结合。
28.根据权利要求3所述的针刺地毯,其特征在于,所述粘结纤维是共轭纤维、双组分纤维或低熔融短纤维。
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