CN109479598A - A kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera - Google Patents
A kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera Download PDFInfo
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- CN109479598A CN109479598A CN201811338222.9A CN201811338222A CN109479598A CN 109479598 A CN109479598 A CN 109479598A CN 201811338222 A CN201811338222 A CN 201811338222A CN 109479598 A CN109479598 A CN 109479598A
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- forestation
- seed
- chitting piece
- afforestation
- sand storage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, it is related to technical field of planting trees.The described method comprises the following steps: 1) the mature garlic fruits of acquisition dry after collecting seed, obtain son to be sowed;2) step 1) is obtained described wait sow sub- sand storage 3~4 months, obtains chitting piece;3) chitting piece for obtaining step 2) is seeded on reproducing area and overlay film, the reproducing area include the spinney or thick grass that canopy density are 30~40%;4) film is cut off the round mouth that a diameter is 4~5cm in the surface of seedling by 20~30d after the overlay film, chitting piece emergence.For afforestation after 3 years, the surrival rate of afforestation 85.2%, survival rate 81.8% sets high 2.26m, ground diameter 4.07m, hat width 1.52m2.Compared with comparative example, the surrival rate of afforestation improves 4.63~5.4 times, and survival rate improves 5.56~6.49 times.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical fields of planting trees, and in particular to a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera.
Background technique
It afforests under the land occupation condition in stony desertification mountain area, is always the technical bottleneck of Rocky Desertification Region revegetation.Due to
Stony desertification mountain area land occupation condition is poor, barren soil, drought and water shortage, afforest and manage and protect it is very difficult, the plant percent of plant and
Storage rate is low, and Afforestation Quality is poor, and revegetation is difficult.
Malania oleifera is Olacaceae malania oleifera category aiphyllium, and flourishing, evergreen all the year round, well developed root system is grown naturally
It is the fine tree species of good ecological tree species and Rocky Desertification Control in karst Limestone Mountain Areas.In addition malania oleifera kernel grease
In rich in up to 40%~67% nervonic acid, be to have now been found that containing the highest plant of nervonic acid, be that optimal exploitation is neural
The resource plant of acid product.So malania oleifera is with not only having huge economic value and exploitation prospect and stony desertification
The ideal tree species of area's revegetation.
Malania oleifera wild resource is very rare, belongs to national II grades of focused protection endangered plants, although malania oleifera have compared with
High economy and the ecological value, but there is presently no form the plantation of scale large area.Currently, malania oleifera is in Rocky Desertification Region
Method of forestation mainly uses direct seeding forestation and planting by stock, the afforestation survival rate and retention rate of two kinds of method of forestation less than
20%, it is difficult to form large-scale planting.Direct seeding forestation is direct afforestation seeding after seed is mature, since stony desertification is vertical after sowing
Ground barren soil, drought and water shortage cause 60~70% seed to sprout required moisture due to a lack of seed and be difficult to germination and growth, separately
Outside, since squirrel is liked gnawing malania oleifera seed, the seed for sowing 20%~30% is gnawed by squirrel, and therefore, live streaming is made
The final survival rate of woods is only 13%~19%;Planting by stock is afforested with annual seedling, due to the root category of malania oleifera
It in fleshy root, is easy to hurt root system in transport and afforestation, influences the surrival rate of afforestation, on the other hand, since malania oleifera seedling likes
Dark and damp environment, if watering not in time after planting by stock, nursery stock is difficult to survive, and in the stony desertification mountain area of serious water shortage, only by certainly
Right rainfall supplies seedling growth, therefore the survival rate afforested is also only 10%~17%, and the higher cost afforested.Therefore, exist
Rocky Desertification Region solves the technical bottleneck of malania oleifera afforestation, improves afforestation survival rate and retention rate, is Rocky Desertification Control and ecology
Critical issue in the urgent need to address in civilization construction work.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, afforestation technology
Simply, at low cost, it is suitable for the plantation of Rocky Desertification Region large area, the surrival rate of afforestation and storage rate are high, and seedling growth is rapid, Yi Cheng
Woods, revegetation are fast.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, comprising the following steps: 1) acquires maturation
Garlic fruits dry after collecting seed, obtain son to be sowed;2) step 1) is obtained described wait sow sub- sand storage 3~4
Month, obtain chitting piece;The sand storage river sand is sterilized through the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 24~35g/L;3) step 2) is obtained
The chitting piece is seeded on reproducing area and overlay film, and the reproducing area includes the spinney or grass that canopy density are 30~40%
Clump;4) 20~30d after the overlay film, after chitting piece emergence, in the surface of seedling, it is 4~5cm that film, which is cut off a diameter,
Round mouth.
Preferably, the step 1) method for collecting seed, comprising the following steps: the outer layer green peel of the fruit is sloughed,
Seed is rinsed 1 time with clear water, then uses wet concentration seed, collects the seed for floating layer on the water.
Preferably, the step 1) time dried is 20~30d.
Preferably, step 2) is described wait sow son 8~10d before sand storage, further includes impregnating, the immersion includes: by institute
It states and impregnates 30min in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 3~5% wait sow son, then impregnate 30min with clear water.
Preferably, bottom is the river sand of 15~20cm depth when the sand storage, and middle layer is son to be sowed, and upper layer is 8~12cm
Thick river sand.
Preferably, when the sand storage described in wait sow son spacing be 0.5cm.
Preferably, the step 3) method of sowing, comprising: diameter (25~35) cm × depth is set on the reproducing area
Surface layer earthen backfill is planted cave after digging well by the kind plant hole of (25~35) cm, and backfill depth is 12~18cm, by the germination kind
Son is seeded in kind of plant hole, and the cubsoil that a layer thickness is 8~12cm is then covered on seed.
Preferably, it when the backfill, is backfilled after the surface soil is mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate, the dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate is
85~120g/ kind plant hole.
Preferably, the sprouting breach of the chitting piece is sowed downward when the sowing.
It preferably, further include being managed after emerging after step 4) the film upper opening.
The present invention provides a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, by first carrying out seed at sand storage vernalization
Reason, when seed germination but while also not growing cotyledon, afforests, and afforestation survival rate and retention rate not only can be improved, moreover it is possible to save
Labour reduces cost of forestation.In embodiments of the present invention, after afforesting 3 years, the surrival rate of afforestation 85.2%, survival rate
It is 81.8%, sets high 2.26m, ground diameter 4.07cm, hat width 1.52m2。
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, comprising the following steps: 1) acquires maturation
Garlic fruits dry after collecting seed, obtain son to be sowed;2) step 1) is obtained described wait sow sub- sand storage 3~4
Month, obtain chitting piece;The sand storage river sand is sterilized through the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 24~35g/L;3) step 2) is obtained
The chitting piece is seeded on reproducing area and overlay film, and the reproducing area includes the spinney or grass that canopy density are 30~40%
Clump;4) 20~30d after the overlay film, after chitting piece emergence, in the surface of seedling, it is 4~5cm that film, which is cut off a diameter,
Round mouth.
In the method for forestation of stony desertification mountain area of the present invention malania oleifera, mature garlic fruits are acquired, collect kind
It is dried after son, obtains son to be sowed.The time of acquisition of the present invention preferably before and after solar calendar late October or the Frost's Descent, acquires pericarp
Become the garlic fruits of yellow green by bottle green.The method of the present invention for collecting seed, preferably includes following steps: sloughing
The outer layer green peel of the fruit, seed are rinsed 1 time with clear water, then use wet concentration seed, collect the seed for floating layer on the water.At this
In invention, the seed of mature and plump floats layer on the water, after collection, is preferably disposed in the workshop of spacious ventilation and dries, described
The time dried is preferably 20~30d.There is no particular determinations to the temperature dried and humidity by the present invention.
It obtains after sowing son, the present invention, wait sow sub- sand storage 3~4 months, obtains chitting piece for described;The sand storage river
Sand is sterilized through the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 24~35g/L.It is of the present invention wait sow son before sand storage 8~10d, it is also preferable to include
It impregnates, the immersion preferably includes: being impregnated described in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 3~5% wait sow son
30min, then 30min is impregnated with clear water.The present invention is by, wait sow sub- sand storage, the place of the sand storage is preferably after the immersion
Good, the spacious flat ground of ventilation and drainage.The present invention preferably spreads one layer of 15~20cm on ground when carrying out the sand storage
Deep river sand is as bottom, wait sow son as middle layer described in uniform broadcasting on the bottom, and described wait sow on son
The river sand of one layer of 8~12cm thickness is spread as upper layer.Of the present invention when scattering seeds, the spacing wait sow son is preferably
0.5cm avoids the cross-infection of seed rot disease.River sand of the present invention is sterilized through the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 24~35g/L, described
The concentration of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution is preferably 25~33g/L, more preferably 28~32g/L, most preferably 30g/L.The present invention exists
It preferably further include irrigating river sand with clear water after upper layer has spread river sand.Sand storage of the present invention 3~4 months, can be to described wait broadcast
Seed completes vernalization, makes seed germination but does not grow cotyledon.
After obtaining chitting piece, the chitting piece is seeded on reproducing area the present invention and overlay film, the reproducing area include
The spinney or thick grass that canopy density are 30~40%.Reproducing area of the present invention is with a varied topography due to being located in Karst Mountains Desertification Area, makes
Seeding row spacing is unable to control when woods, can only be according to landform depending on, can only be planted in the gap of stony desertification substantially.This hair
It is bright when carrying out the sowing, preferably include: diameter (25~35) cm × depth (25~35) cm be set on the reproducing area
Surface layer earthen backfill is planted cave after digging well by kind plant hole, and backfill depth is 12~18cm, and the chitting piece is seeded in plantation
In cave, the cubsoil that a layer thickness is 8~12cm is then covered on seed.The specification of of the present invention kind of plant hole is preferably straight
Diameter (26~34) cm × depth (26~34) cm, more preferably diameter (28~32) cm × depth (29~33) cm, most preferably diameter
30cm × depth 30cm.The present invention backfills after preferably mixing the surface soil with calcium magnesium phosphate in the backfill, the calcium and magnesium phosphorus
The dosage of fertilizer is 85~120g/ kind plant hole.The depth of backfill of the present invention is preferably 13~17cm, more preferably 14~
16cm, most preferably 15cm.The chitting piece is seeded in the kind plant hole after backfill by the present invention, preferably will when the sowing
The sprouting breach of the chitting piece is sowed downward, so that radicle is sprouted out and is just pricked in soil, is conducive to seedling growth.The present invention
The cubsoil that a layer thickness is 8~12cm is covered on seed, the thickness of the covering cubsoil is preferably 9~11cm, more preferably
For 10cm.Present invention completion is described after planting, and described kind of plant hole face is preferably shorter than ground level 5cm, is conducive to collect more rain
Water finally covers thin film on kind of plant hole, so as to heat and moisture preserving for seedling growth.The present invention is preferably in each kind of plant hole
One piece of film of upper covering, the film are preferably dimensioned to be 50cm × 50cm.
The present invention 20~30d after the overlay film, after chitting piece emergence, in film upper opening.Germination of the present invention
After seed sprouting exposes native face, film is cut off the round mouth that a diameter is 4~5cm in the top of seedling.The present invention is described thin
It further include being managed after emerging after film upper opening, after specifically including Survival rate of nursery stock, away from kind of a nursery stock hat width 40cm around cleaning kind plant hole
Shrub and weeds in addition pay attention to a part cannot being stayed to create 30~40% to nursery stock shrub and weeds complete liquidation
Shading condition.
It is described in detail below with reference to method of forestation of the embodiment to stony desertification mountain area provided by the invention malania oleifera,
But they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
By the end of October, acquisition pericarp is become the seed of yellow green fruit by bottle green (before and after the Frost's Descent);
The river sand of one layer of 18cm is spread on the ground, and 10d carries out disinfection to river sand with the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 30g/L before sowing
Processing, the liquor potassic permanganate that seed mass concentration is 5% impregnates 30min, then impregnates 30min with clear water, seed when sowing
Between should stay the gap of 0.5cm, one layer of 10cm thickness river sand of cover on seed;
Select canopy density in 35% spinney or thick grass as reproducing area;
To starting to afforest by the end of June at the beginning of solar calendar 4 months, the kind plant hole of 30cm × 30cm is dug on reproducing area, by table after digging well
Layer earthen backfill kind plant hole, backfill depth are 15cm, 100g calcium magnesium phosphate are applied in kind of plant hole, and sufficiently mix with the surface soil of backfill
It is even, the seed kind of sand storage Germination is entered into kind of a plant hole, when plantation sprouts breach downward, and a layer thickness is covered on seed is
10cm cubsoil makes kind of plant hole face lower than ground level 5cm, and the film of one piece of 50cm × 50cm is covered on kind of plant hole;
20~30d checks whether seedling breaks through the soil after seed plantation, if meeting seedling exposes soil, in time in the top of seedling
Film is cut off into the round mouth that a diameter is 4~5cm, away from shrub other than kind of nursery stock hat width 40cm and miscellaneous around cleaning kind of plant hole
Grass.
Afforestation is after 3 years, and the statistics surrival rate of afforestation is 85.2%, and survival rate 81.8% sets high 2.26m, ground diameter
4.07cm, hat width 1.52m2, adding up to mu cost of forestation is 350 yuan/mu.
Comparative example 1
It is directly seeded into reproducing area with the seed of malania oleifera, by mature seed after de- green peel, is broadcast on reproducing area
Kind, it is handled without vernalization, since Rocky Desertification Region arid is serious, most of seed is not sprouted because of water shortage, only few
It measures seed to sprout, causes the survival rate of afforestation very low.
Afforestation is after 3 years, and the statistics surrival rate of afforestation is 18.4%, and survival rate 14.7% sets high 1.52m, ground diameter
3.2cm, hat width 1.14m2, adding up to mu cost of forestation is 330 yuan/mu.
Comparative example 2
First maturation is planted and carries out vernalization processing, is transplanted in Seedling bag after nursery stock germination, 6- is cultivated in Seedling bag
It, will be on seedling growth to reproducing area after 12 months.This method afforestation first by cultivating seeds at nursery stock due to that will afforest
It is at high cost, and the root system of malania oleifera nursery stock belongs to fleshy root, cultivates and is easy in lifting with when transporting reproducing area at nursery stock
Fleshy root is hurt, reproducing area belongs to severe drought area in addition, and survival rate is lower after afforestation.
Afforestation is after 3 years, and the statistics surrival rate of afforestation is 15.8%, and survival rate 12.6% sets high 1.33m, ground diameter
2.93cm, hat width 0.86m2, adding up to mu cost of forestation is 680 yuan/mu.
The present invention provides a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, after 3 years, the surrival rate of afforestation is afforestation
85.2%, survival rate 81.8% sets high 2.26m, ground diameter 4.07cm, hat width 1.52m2.Compared with comparative example, afforestation at
Motility rate improves 4.63~5.4 times, and survival rate improves 5.56~6.49 times.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, comprising the following steps: 1) the mature garlic fruits of acquisition are collected
It is dried after seed, obtains son to be sowed;2) step 1) is obtained described wait sow sub- sand storage 3~4 months, obtains chitting piece;Institute
Sand storage river sand is stated to sterilize through the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 24~35g/L;3) chitting piece for obtaining step 2) is sowed
In simultaneously overlay film, the reproducing area include the spinney or thick grass that canopy density are 30~40% on reproducing area;4) 20 after the overlay film
Film after chitting piece emergence, in the surface of seedling, is cut off the round mouth that a diameter is 4~5cm by~30d.
2. method of forestation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1) method for collecting seed, including it is following
Step: sloughing the outer layer green peel of the fruit, and seed is rinsed 1 time with clear water, then uses wet concentration seed, collects and floats layer on the water
Seed.
3. method of forestation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1) time dried is 20~30d.
4. method of forestation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2) is described wait sow son 8~10d before sand storage,
It further include impregnating, the immersion includes: to impregnate described in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 3~5% wait sow son
30min, then 30min is impregnated with clear water.
5. according to claim 1 or 4 method of forestation, which is characterized in that bottom is the river of 15~20cm depth when the sand storage
Sand, middle layer are son to be sowed, and upper layer is the river sand of 8~12cm thickness.
6. method of forestation according to claim 5, which is characterized in that be wait sow sub spacing described in when the sand storage
0.5cm。
7. method of forestation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3) method of sowing, comprising: made described
The kind plant hole of diameter (25~35) cm × depth (25~35) cm is set on forest land, cave is planted into surface layer earthen backfill after digging well, is returned
Fill out depth be 12~18cm, the chitting piece is seeded in kind of plant hole, then on seed cover a layer thickness be 8~
The cubsoil of 12cm.
8. method of forestation according to claim 7, which is characterized in that when the backfill, the surface soil is mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate
It is backfilled after conjunction, the dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate is 85~120g/ kind plant hole.
9. method of forestation according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the sprouting breach court of the chitting piece when sowing
Lower sowing.
10. method of forestation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include emergence after step 4) the film upper opening
After manage.
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CN110419376A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-08 | 毛平 | Malania oleifera nutrient bag seeding cultivating method |
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CN110419376A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-08 | 毛平 | Malania oleifera nutrient bag seeding cultivating method |
CN110419377A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-08 | 毛平 | Malania oleifera bare-root seeding wood is cultivated and implantation methods |
CN110999647A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-14 | 云南省林业科学院 | Cutting propagation method of garlic cloves |
CN112352621A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-12 | 云南林业职业技术学院 | Wild-simulated cultivation method capable of remarkably improving survival rate of garlic fruits |
CN116584302A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-08-15 | 西南林业大学 | Cultivation method for improving preservation rate of artificial forestation and promoting rapid growth of garlic fruits |
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