CN109479598A - A kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera - Google Patents

A kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109479598A
CN109479598A CN201811338222.9A CN201811338222A CN109479598A CN 109479598 A CN109479598 A CN 109479598A CN 201811338222 A CN201811338222 A CN 201811338222A CN 109479598 A CN109479598 A CN 109479598A
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China
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forestation
seed
chitting piece
afforestation
sand storage
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CN201811338222.9A
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Inventor
卯吉华
贾代顺
景跃波
李荣波
李孙玲
陈福
李勇鹏
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Yunnan Academy of Forestry
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Yunnan Academy of Forestry
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Priority to CN201811338222.9A priority Critical patent/CN109479598A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, it is related to technical field of planting trees.The described method comprises the following steps: 1) the mature garlic fruits of acquisition dry after collecting seed, obtain son to be sowed;2) step 1) is obtained described wait sow sub- sand storage 3~4 months, obtains chitting piece;3) chitting piece for obtaining step 2) is seeded on reproducing area and overlay film, the reproducing area include the spinney or thick grass that canopy density are 30~40%;4) film is cut off the round mouth that a diameter is 4~5cm in the surface of seedling by 20~30d after the overlay film, chitting piece emergence.For afforestation after 3 years, the surrival rate of afforestation 85.2%, survival rate 81.8% sets high 2.26m, ground diameter 4.07m, hat width 1.52m2.Compared with comparative example, the surrival rate of afforestation improves 4.63~5.4 times, and survival rate improves 5.56~6.49 times.

Description

A kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical fields of planting trees, and in particular to a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera.
Background technique
It afforests under the land occupation condition in stony desertification mountain area, is always the technical bottleneck of Rocky Desertification Region revegetation.Due to Stony desertification mountain area land occupation condition is poor, barren soil, drought and water shortage, afforest and manage and protect it is very difficult, the plant percent of plant and Storage rate is low, and Afforestation Quality is poor, and revegetation is difficult.
Malania oleifera is Olacaceae malania oleifera category aiphyllium, and flourishing, evergreen all the year round, well developed root system is grown naturally It is the fine tree species of good ecological tree species and Rocky Desertification Control in karst Limestone Mountain Areas.In addition malania oleifera kernel grease In rich in up to 40%~67% nervonic acid, be to have now been found that containing the highest plant of nervonic acid, be that optimal exploitation is neural The resource plant of acid product.So malania oleifera is with not only having huge economic value and exploitation prospect and stony desertification The ideal tree species of area's revegetation.
Malania oleifera wild resource is very rare, belongs to national II grades of focused protection endangered plants, although malania oleifera have compared with High economy and the ecological value, but there is presently no form the plantation of scale large area.Currently, malania oleifera is in Rocky Desertification Region Method of forestation mainly uses direct seeding forestation and planting by stock, the afforestation survival rate and retention rate of two kinds of method of forestation less than 20%, it is difficult to form large-scale planting.Direct seeding forestation is direct afforestation seeding after seed is mature, since stony desertification is vertical after sowing Ground barren soil, drought and water shortage cause 60~70% seed to sprout required moisture due to a lack of seed and be difficult to germination and growth, separately Outside, since squirrel is liked gnawing malania oleifera seed, the seed for sowing 20%~30% is gnawed by squirrel, and therefore, live streaming is made The final survival rate of woods is only 13%~19%;Planting by stock is afforested with annual seedling, due to the root category of malania oleifera It in fleshy root, is easy to hurt root system in transport and afforestation, influences the surrival rate of afforestation, on the other hand, since malania oleifera seedling likes Dark and damp environment, if watering not in time after planting by stock, nursery stock is difficult to survive, and in the stony desertification mountain area of serious water shortage, only by certainly Right rainfall supplies seedling growth, therefore the survival rate afforested is also only 10%~17%, and the higher cost afforested.Therefore, exist Rocky Desertification Region solves the technical bottleneck of malania oleifera afforestation, improves afforestation survival rate and retention rate, is Rocky Desertification Control and ecology Critical issue in the urgent need to address in civilization construction work.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, afforestation technology Simply, at low cost, it is suitable for the plantation of Rocky Desertification Region large area, the surrival rate of afforestation and storage rate are high, and seedling growth is rapid, Yi Cheng Woods, revegetation are fast.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, comprising the following steps: 1) acquires maturation Garlic fruits dry after collecting seed, obtain son to be sowed;2) step 1) is obtained described wait sow sub- sand storage 3~4 Month, obtain chitting piece;The sand storage river sand is sterilized through the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 24~35g/L;3) step 2) is obtained The chitting piece is seeded on reproducing area and overlay film, and the reproducing area includes the spinney or grass that canopy density are 30~40% Clump;4) 20~30d after the overlay film, after chitting piece emergence, in the surface of seedling, it is 4~5cm that film, which is cut off a diameter, Round mouth.
Preferably, the step 1) method for collecting seed, comprising the following steps: the outer layer green peel of the fruit is sloughed, Seed is rinsed 1 time with clear water, then uses wet concentration seed, collects the seed for floating layer on the water.
Preferably, the step 1) time dried is 20~30d.
Preferably, step 2) is described wait sow son 8~10d before sand storage, further includes impregnating, the immersion includes: by institute It states and impregnates 30min in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 3~5% wait sow son, then impregnate 30min with clear water.
Preferably, bottom is the river sand of 15~20cm depth when the sand storage, and middle layer is son to be sowed, and upper layer is 8~12cm Thick river sand.
Preferably, when the sand storage described in wait sow son spacing be 0.5cm.
Preferably, the step 3) method of sowing, comprising: diameter (25~35) cm × depth is set on the reproducing area Surface layer earthen backfill is planted cave after digging well by the kind plant hole of (25~35) cm, and backfill depth is 12~18cm, by the germination kind Son is seeded in kind of plant hole, and the cubsoil that a layer thickness is 8~12cm is then covered on seed.
Preferably, it when the backfill, is backfilled after the surface soil is mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate, the dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate is 85~120g/ kind plant hole.
Preferably, the sprouting breach of the chitting piece is sowed downward when the sowing.
It preferably, further include being managed after emerging after step 4) the film upper opening.
The present invention provides a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, by first carrying out seed at sand storage vernalization Reason, when seed germination but while also not growing cotyledon, afforests, and afforestation survival rate and retention rate not only can be improved, moreover it is possible to save Labour reduces cost of forestation.In embodiments of the present invention, after afforesting 3 years, the surrival rate of afforestation 85.2%, survival rate It is 81.8%, sets high 2.26m, ground diameter 4.07cm, hat width 1.52m2
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, comprising the following steps: 1) acquires maturation Garlic fruits dry after collecting seed, obtain son to be sowed;2) step 1) is obtained described wait sow sub- sand storage 3~4 Month, obtain chitting piece;The sand storage river sand is sterilized through the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 24~35g/L;3) step 2) is obtained The chitting piece is seeded on reproducing area and overlay film, and the reproducing area includes the spinney or grass that canopy density are 30~40% Clump;4) 20~30d after the overlay film, after chitting piece emergence, in the surface of seedling, it is 4~5cm that film, which is cut off a diameter, Round mouth.
In the method for forestation of stony desertification mountain area of the present invention malania oleifera, mature garlic fruits are acquired, collect kind It is dried after son, obtains son to be sowed.The time of acquisition of the present invention preferably before and after solar calendar late October or the Frost's Descent, acquires pericarp Become the garlic fruits of yellow green by bottle green.The method of the present invention for collecting seed, preferably includes following steps: sloughing The outer layer green peel of the fruit, seed are rinsed 1 time with clear water, then use wet concentration seed, collect the seed for floating layer on the water.At this In invention, the seed of mature and plump floats layer on the water, after collection, is preferably disposed in the workshop of spacious ventilation and dries, described The time dried is preferably 20~30d.There is no particular determinations to the temperature dried and humidity by the present invention.
It obtains after sowing son, the present invention, wait sow sub- sand storage 3~4 months, obtains chitting piece for described;The sand storage river Sand is sterilized through the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 24~35g/L.It is of the present invention wait sow son before sand storage 8~10d, it is also preferable to include It impregnates, the immersion preferably includes: being impregnated described in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 3~5% wait sow son 30min, then 30min is impregnated with clear water.The present invention is by, wait sow sub- sand storage, the place of the sand storage is preferably after the immersion Good, the spacious flat ground of ventilation and drainage.The present invention preferably spreads one layer of 15~20cm on ground when carrying out the sand storage Deep river sand is as bottom, wait sow son as middle layer described in uniform broadcasting on the bottom, and described wait sow on son The river sand of one layer of 8~12cm thickness is spread as upper layer.Of the present invention when scattering seeds, the spacing wait sow son is preferably 0.5cm avoids the cross-infection of seed rot disease.River sand of the present invention is sterilized through the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 24~35g/L, described The concentration of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution is preferably 25~33g/L, more preferably 28~32g/L, most preferably 30g/L.The present invention exists It preferably further include irrigating river sand with clear water after upper layer has spread river sand.Sand storage of the present invention 3~4 months, can be to described wait broadcast Seed completes vernalization, makes seed germination but does not grow cotyledon.
After obtaining chitting piece, the chitting piece is seeded on reproducing area the present invention and overlay film, the reproducing area include The spinney or thick grass that canopy density are 30~40%.Reproducing area of the present invention is with a varied topography due to being located in Karst Mountains Desertification Area, makes Seeding row spacing is unable to control when woods, can only be according to landform depending on, can only be planted in the gap of stony desertification substantially.This hair It is bright when carrying out the sowing, preferably include: diameter (25~35) cm × depth (25~35) cm be set on the reproducing area Surface layer earthen backfill is planted cave after digging well by kind plant hole, and backfill depth is 12~18cm, and the chitting piece is seeded in plantation In cave, the cubsoil that a layer thickness is 8~12cm is then covered on seed.The specification of of the present invention kind of plant hole is preferably straight Diameter (26~34) cm × depth (26~34) cm, more preferably diameter (28~32) cm × depth (29~33) cm, most preferably diameter 30cm × depth 30cm.The present invention backfills after preferably mixing the surface soil with calcium magnesium phosphate in the backfill, the calcium and magnesium phosphorus The dosage of fertilizer is 85~120g/ kind plant hole.The depth of backfill of the present invention is preferably 13~17cm, more preferably 14~ 16cm, most preferably 15cm.The chitting piece is seeded in the kind plant hole after backfill by the present invention, preferably will when the sowing The sprouting breach of the chitting piece is sowed downward, so that radicle is sprouted out and is just pricked in soil, is conducive to seedling growth.The present invention The cubsoil that a layer thickness is 8~12cm is covered on seed, the thickness of the covering cubsoil is preferably 9~11cm, more preferably For 10cm.Present invention completion is described after planting, and described kind of plant hole face is preferably shorter than ground level 5cm, is conducive to collect more rain Water finally covers thin film on kind of plant hole, so as to heat and moisture preserving for seedling growth.The present invention is preferably in each kind of plant hole One piece of film of upper covering, the film are preferably dimensioned to be 50cm × 50cm.
The present invention 20~30d after the overlay film, after chitting piece emergence, in film upper opening.Germination of the present invention After seed sprouting exposes native face, film is cut off the round mouth that a diameter is 4~5cm in the top of seedling.The present invention is described thin It further include being managed after emerging after film upper opening, after specifically including Survival rate of nursery stock, away from kind of a nursery stock hat width 40cm around cleaning kind plant hole Shrub and weeds in addition pay attention to a part cannot being stayed to create 30~40% to nursery stock shrub and weeds complete liquidation Shading condition.
It is described in detail below with reference to method of forestation of the embodiment to stony desertification mountain area provided by the invention malania oleifera, But they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
By the end of October, acquisition pericarp is become the seed of yellow green fruit by bottle green (before and after the Frost's Descent);
The river sand of one layer of 18cm is spread on the ground, and 10d carries out disinfection to river sand with the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 30g/L before sowing Processing, the liquor potassic permanganate that seed mass concentration is 5% impregnates 30min, then impregnates 30min with clear water, seed when sowing Between should stay the gap of 0.5cm, one layer of 10cm thickness river sand of cover on seed;
Select canopy density in 35% spinney or thick grass as reproducing area;
To starting to afforest by the end of June at the beginning of solar calendar 4 months, the kind plant hole of 30cm × 30cm is dug on reproducing area, by table after digging well Layer earthen backfill kind plant hole, backfill depth are 15cm, 100g calcium magnesium phosphate are applied in kind of plant hole, and sufficiently mix with the surface soil of backfill It is even, the seed kind of sand storage Germination is entered into kind of a plant hole, when plantation sprouts breach downward, and a layer thickness is covered on seed is 10cm cubsoil makes kind of plant hole face lower than ground level 5cm, and the film of one piece of 50cm × 50cm is covered on kind of plant hole;
20~30d checks whether seedling breaks through the soil after seed plantation, if meeting seedling exposes soil, in time in the top of seedling Film is cut off into the round mouth that a diameter is 4~5cm, away from shrub other than kind of nursery stock hat width 40cm and miscellaneous around cleaning kind of plant hole Grass.
Afforestation is after 3 years, and the statistics surrival rate of afforestation is 85.2%, and survival rate 81.8% sets high 2.26m, ground diameter 4.07cm, hat width 1.52m2, adding up to mu cost of forestation is 350 yuan/mu.
Comparative example 1
It is directly seeded into reproducing area with the seed of malania oleifera, by mature seed after de- green peel, is broadcast on reproducing area Kind, it is handled without vernalization, since Rocky Desertification Region arid is serious, most of seed is not sprouted because of water shortage, only few It measures seed to sprout, causes the survival rate of afforestation very low.
Afforestation is after 3 years, and the statistics surrival rate of afforestation is 18.4%, and survival rate 14.7% sets high 1.52m, ground diameter 3.2cm, hat width 1.14m2, adding up to mu cost of forestation is 330 yuan/mu.
Comparative example 2
First maturation is planted and carries out vernalization processing, is transplanted in Seedling bag after nursery stock germination, 6- is cultivated in Seedling bag It, will be on seedling growth to reproducing area after 12 months.This method afforestation first by cultivating seeds at nursery stock due to that will afforest It is at high cost, and the root system of malania oleifera nursery stock belongs to fleshy root, cultivates and is easy in lifting with when transporting reproducing area at nursery stock Fleshy root is hurt, reproducing area belongs to severe drought area in addition, and survival rate is lower after afforestation.
Afforestation is after 3 years, and the statistics surrival rate of afforestation is 15.8%, and survival rate 12.6% sets high 1.33m, ground diameter 2.93cm, hat width 0.86m2, adding up to mu cost of forestation is 680 yuan/mu.
The present invention provides a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, after 3 years, the surrival rate of afforestation is afforestation 85.2%, survival rate 81.8% sets high 2.26m, ground diameter 4.07cm, hat width 1.52m2.Compared with comparative example, afforestation at Motility rate improves 4.63~5.4 times, and survival rate improves 5.56~6.49 times.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera, comprising the following steps: 1) the mature garlic fruits of acquisition are collected It is dried after seed, obtains son to be sowed;2) step 1) is obtained described wait sow sub- sand storage 3~4 months, obtains chitting piece;Institute Sand storage river sand is stated to sterilize through the ferrous sulfate aqueous solution of 24~35g/L;3) chitting piece for obtaining step 2) is sowed In simultaneously overlay film, the reproducing area include the spinney or thick grass that canopy density are 30~40% on reproducing area;4) 20 after the overlay film Film after chitting piece emergence, in the surface of seedling, is cut off the round mouth that a diameter is 4~5cm by~30d.
2. method of forestation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1) method for collecting seed, including it is following Step: sloughing the outer layer green peel of the fruit, and seed is rinsed 1 time with clear water, then uses wet concentration seed, collects and floats layer on the water Seed.
3. method of forestation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1) time dried is 20~30d.
4. method of forestation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2) is described wait sow son 8~10d before sand storage, It further include impregnating, the immersion includes: to impregnate described in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 3~5% wait sow son 30min, then 30min is impregnated with clear water.
5. according to claim 1 or 4 method of forestation, which is characterized in that bottom is the river of 15~20cm depth when the sand storage Sand, middle layer are son to be sowed, and upper layer is the river sand of 8~12cm thickness.
6. method of forestation according to claim 5, which is characterized in that be wait sow sub spacing described in when the sand storage 0.5cm。
7. method of forestation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3) method of sowing, comprising: made described The kind plant hole of diameter (25~35) cm × depth (25~35) cm is set on forest land, cave is planted into surface layer earthen backfill after digging well, is returned Fill out depth be 12~18cm, the chitting piece is seeded in kind of plant hole, then on seed cover a layer thickness be 8~ The cubsoil of 12cm.
8. method of forestation according to claim 7, which is characterized in that when the backfill, the surface soil is mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate It is backfilled after conjunction, the dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate is 85~120g/ kind plant hole.
9. method of forestation according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the sprouting breach court of the chitting piece when sowing Lower sowing.
10. method of forestation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include emergence after step 4) the film upper opening After manage.
CN201811338222.9A 2018-11-12 2018-11-12 A kind of method of forestation of stony desertification mountain area malania oleifera Pending CN109479598A (en)

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CN110419377A (en) * 2019-08-28 2019-11-08 毛平 Malania oleifera bare-root seeding wood is cultivated and implantation methods
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110419376A (en) * 2019-08-28 2019-11-08 毛平 Malania oleifera nutrient bag seeding cultivating method
CN110419377A (en) * 2019-08-28 2019-11-08 毛平 Malania oleifera bare-root seeding wood is cultivated and implantation methods
CN110999647A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-14 云南省林业科学院 Cutting propagation method of garlic cloves
CN112352621A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-02-12 云南林业职业技术学院 Wild-simulated cultivation method capable of remarkably improving survival rate of garlic fruits
CN116584302A (en) * 2023-07-13 2023-08-15 西南林业大学 Cultivation method for improving preservation rate of artificial forestation and promoting rapid growth of garlic fruits
CN116584302B (en) * 2023-07-13 2023-09-22 西南林业大学 Cultivation method for improving preservation rate of artificial forestation and promoting rapid growth of garlic fruits

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