CN109421729A - 混合动力车辆 - Google Patents
混合动力车辆 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109421729A CN109421729A CN201811023615.0A CN201811023615A CN109421729A CN 109421729 A CN109421729 A CN 109421729A CN 201811023615 A CN201811023615 A CN 201811023615A CN 109421729 A CN109421729 A CN 109421729A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- motor
- engine
- pendulum damper
- transfer path
- power transfer
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/20—Reducing vibrations in the driveline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
- B60K23/08—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
- B60K6/405—Housings
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract
本发明以装备有摆式减振器的混合动力车辆为对象,抑制在发动机的怠速转速附近的共振的发生,并且,抑制动力传递路径上的扭转振动以提高NV性能。在作为驱动力源配备有发动机(1)、以及至少一台电机(2)的混合动力车辆(Ve)中,设置有:驱动轮(4);从发动机(1)经由电机(2)到驱动轮(4)的动力传递路径(12);设置在动力传递路径(12)上并抑制动力传递路径(12)上的扭转振动的摆式减振器(6);以及设置在动力传递路径(12)上并选择性地切断发动机(1)与摆式减振器(6)之间的动力传递的分离离合器(5)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及作为驱动力源搭载有发动机以及电机的混合动力车辆,特别是,涉及配备有从动力传递路径中选择性地切断发动机的离合器机构、以及抑制在动力传递路径上的扭转振动的摆式减振器的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
在专利文献1中记载了一种装备有扭转振动减振器(TVD)的混合动力车辆。该专利文献1中记载的混合动力车辆将发动机及电机作为驱动力源,配备有离合器、变速器、以及TVD。电机被配置在发动机的输出侧,变速器被配置在电机的输出侧。离合器被配置在发动机和电机之间,选择性地连接以及切断这些发动机和电机之间的动力传递路径。在发动机和离合器之间以及电机和变速器之间分别设置有第一弹簧减振器、以及第二弹簧减振器。并且,第一弹簧减振器与离心摆式减振器一起构成TVD。摆式减振器或者离心摆式减振器利用减振器质量体或者转动体的摆运动及惯性力吸收振动系统的扭转振动并使之衰减。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:美国专利申请公开第2012/0055283号
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
如上所述,在专利文献1记载的混合动力车辆中,在发动机和电机之间设置有TVD以及离合器。TVD在从发动机到驱动轮的动力传递路径上配置在比离合器靠发动机侧。从而,在发动机和离合器之间的振动系统中,离心摆式减振器和弹簧减振器一起被连接于发动机。在这样的振动系统中,离心摆式减振器被连接于发动机,振动系统的固有振动频率与该离心摆式减振器的惯性质量被附加的程度相应地降低。当振动系统的固有振动频率降低而接近于发动机的怠速转速时,例如,当在怠速转速附近运转发动机时,或者在起动或停止发动机时,存在着会发生共振的可能性。因此,存在着由于共振引起的噪音或振动而会使车辆的NV(噪音和振动)性能降低的担忧。
本发明是着眼于上述技术课题而想出的,以装备有摆式减振器的混合动力车辆为对象,其目的是提供一种能够避免或者抑制在发动机的怠速转速附近发生共振,并且,恰当地抑制在动力传递路径上的扭转振动,提高NV性能的混合动力车辆。
解决课题的手段
为了达到上述目的,本发明为一种混合动力车辆,所述混合动力车辆配备有发动机以及至少一台电机来作为驱动力源,其特征在于,所述混合动力车辆配备有:驱动轮;从所述发动机经由所述电机到所述驱动轮的动力传递路径;设置在所述动力传递路径上并抑制所述动力传递路径上的扭转振动的摆式减振器;以及设置在所述动力传递路径上并选择性地切断所述发动机与所述摆式减振器之间的动力传递的分离离合器。
另外,本发明的特征在于,在所述发动机起动时、所述发动机停止时、或者在规定的转速附近的所述发动机运转时之中的至少任一种情况下,所述分离离合器释放,切断所述发动机与所述摆式减振器之间的动力传递。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述分离离合器在所述动力传递路径上配置在所述发动机与所述电机之间,所述摆式减振器在所述动力传递路径上配置在比所述分离离合器靠所述驱动轮侧。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述电机具有至少润滑所述电机的电机油和将所述电机油保持在内部的壳体,所述摆式减振器至少与所述电机一起被收容在所述壳体内,所述电机油润滑所述摆式减振器。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述电机具有线圈从定子在所述电机的旋转轴线方向上的端面突出的线圈端部,所述摆式减振器配置在所述线圈端部的内周部。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述电机具有至少润滑所述电机的电机油和将所述电机油保持在内部的壳体,所述分离离合器至少与所述电机一起被收容在所述壳体内。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述电机具有形成于转子的内周的中空部,所述分离离合器配置于所述中空部。
另外,本发明的特征在于,配备有变速器,所述变速器设置在所述动力传递路径上,能够设定规定的变速比而将转矩传递给所述驱动轮,并且,选择性地设定空档,所述变速器具有离合器机构,在设定所述规定的变速比以及所述空档时,所述离合器机构被选择性地卡合或者释放,所述分离离合器由所述离合器机构构成。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述驱动轮具有在前轮产生驱动力的前驱动轮和在后轮产生驱动力的后驱动轮,并配备有分动器,所述分动器设置在所述动力传递路径上,选择性地切换并设定将驱动转矩传递给所述前驱动轮或者所述后驱动轮中的任一方的两轮驱动状态和将驱动转矩传递给所述前驱动轮及所述后驱动轮这两者的四轮驱动状态,或者始终设定为所述四轮驱动状态,所述动力传递路径具有从所述发动机经由所述分动器到所述前驱动轮的第一动力传递路径和从所述发动机经由所述分动器到所述后驱动轮的第二动力传递路径。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述分动器具有至少润滑所述分动器的分动器油和将所述分动器油保持在内部的分动器壳体,所述电机至少与所述分动器一起被收容在所述分动器壳体内。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述摆式减振器至少与所述分动器及所述电机一起被收容在所述分动器壳体内,所述分动器油润滑所述摆式减振器。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述电机具有第一电机及第二电机至少两台电机,所述第一电机在所述动力传递路径上配置在比所述分离离合器靠所述驱动轮侧,所述第二电机在所述动力传递路径上配置在比所述分离离合器靠所述发动机侧、或者比所述第一电机靠所述驱动轮侧。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述摆式减振器具有用于对减振对象进行减振的规定的振动次数,所述振动次数被设定成对由所述发动机的燃烧周期引起的所述发动机的一次振动进行抑制。
另外,本发明的特征在于,所述摆式减振器具有用于对减振对象进行减振的规定的振动次数,所述振动次数被设定成对由所述电机的极数引起的所述电机的一次振动进行抑制。
并且,本发明的特征在于,所述摆式减振器具有用于对减振对象进行减振的规定的振动次数,所述振动次数被设定成对由所述动力传递路径的固有振动频率引起的共振进行抑制。
发明的效果
根据本发明,在从混合动力车辆的发动机到驱动轮的动力传递路径上,设有抑制动力传递路径上的扭转振动的摆式减振器和选择性地切断发动机与摆式减振器之间的动力传递的分离离合器。具体地说,摆式减振器在动力传递路径上被设置在比分离离合器靠驱动轮侧。即,摆式减振器在动力传递路径上隔着分离离合器被设置在与发动机相反的一侧。从而,通过释放分离离合器,可以将发动机从动力传递路径中断开,并且,将摆式减振器的惯性质量从发动机的振动系统中分离开。通过摆式减振器的惯性质量被分离,振动系统的固有振动频率转变到高旋转侧。因此,可以避免振动系统的固有振动频率会接近低转速侧的发动机的怠速转速的情况,例如,在发动机的怠速时、或者起动或停止发动机时,可以抑制在发动机的振动系统中会发生共振的情况。
另外,在动力传递路径上,在分离离合器的下游侧,即,在分离离合器与驱动轮之间设置摆式减振器。因此,即使在利用分离离合器将发动机从动力传递路径中断开的状态下,也可以抑制动力传递路径上的扭转振动。例如,可以利用摆式减振器抑制采用永久磁铁的同步电机的转矩波动或齿槽转矩等、由发动机以外的因素引起的动力传递路径上的扭转振动。从而,根据本发明,如上所述,可以抑制由发动机的怠速转速附近的共振引起的噪音或振动的发生,并且,恰当地抑制动力传递路径上的扭转振动。其结果是,可以提高混合动力车辆的NV性能。
附图说明
图1是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的一个例子(第一个实施例)的图。
图2是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第二个实施例)的图。
图3是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第三个实施例)的图。
图4是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第四个实施例)的图。
图5是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第五个实施例)的图。
图6是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第六个实施例)的图。
图7是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第七个实施例)的图。
图8是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第八个实施例)的图。
图9是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第九个实施例)的图。
图10是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第十个实施例)的图。
图11是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第十一个实施例)的图。
图12是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第十二个实施例)的图。
图13是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第十三个实施例)的图。
图14是表示在本发明中作为对象的混合动力车辆的另外的例子(第十四个实施例)的图。
具体实施方式
参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。另外,下面所示的实施方式只不过是在将本发明具体化的情况下的一个例子,并不限定本发明。
在本发明的实施方式中作为控制对象的车辆是以发动机以及至少一个电机作为驱动力源的混合动力车辆。至少一台电机被配置在发动机的输出侧,在该电机与驱动轮之间配备有传递转矩的变速器。进而,在本发明的实施方式中作为控制对象的混合动力车辆配备有:从由发动机经至少一台电机到驱动轮的动力传递路径中将发动机选择性地断开的分离离合器、以及抑制在上述动力传递路径上的扭转振动的摆式减振器。
在图1中,表示在本发明的实施方式中作为控制对象的混合动力车辆的动力传动系统的一个例子。图1所示的混合动力车辆(下面,称为车辆)Ve,作为其主要结构部件配备有:发动机(ENG)1、电机(MG)2、变速器(TM)3、驱动轮4、分离离合器5、以及摆式减振器6。
发动机1例如由汽油发动机或柴油发动机等内燃机构成。发动机1被构成为输出的调整、以及起动及停止等动作状态被电气地控制。如果是汽油发动机,则节气门的开度、燃料的供应量或者喷射量、点火的实施及停止、以及点火正时等被电气地控制。如果是柴油发动机,则燃料的喷射量、燃料的喷射时间、或者EGR系统中的节气门的开度等被电气地控制。
电机2被配置在发动机1的输出侧。电机2通过从蓄电池(图中未示出)被供电而进行旋转,输出电机转矩。而且,通过至少受到发动机1输出的发动机转矩并被驱动而发电。即,电机2是具有发电功能的电机(所谓的电动·发电机)。电机2例如由永久磁铁式的同步电机、或者感应电机等构成。
另外,电机2具有定子2a、转子2b、以及收容定子2a以及转子2b的电机壳体2c。进而,电机2具有润滑电机2的电机油7。电机油7被装入到电机壳体2c内。即,电机壳体2c将电机油7保持在内部。电机油7例如润滑以及冷却支承转子2b的轴承(图中未示出)及后面将描述的线圈端部2f等。
另外,电机2如上所述被配置在发动机1的输出侧,与发动机1能够相互传递动力地连接。因此,在发动机1的起动时,能够利用电机2的输出转矩来发动发动机1。另一方面,例如,设想在低温时、或者在车辆Ve长时间放置的搁置状态等情况下,发动机1的起动性能降低的状况,在发动机1中设置起动电机(图中未示出)。起动电机例如经由采用小齿轮及齿圈、或者行星齿轮的减速机构(图中未示出)被连接于发动机1。
另外,在图1所示的例子中,在发动机1与电机2之间设有弹簧减振器8。弹簧减振器8例如是被组装到飞轮上的扭转减振器等以往普通的减振机构。弹簧减振器8通过压缩螺旋弹簧的作用,主要抑制由发动机1的转矩变动引起的扭转振动。
变速器3被配置在电机2的输出侧,在发动机1以及电机2与驱动轮4之间传递转矩。变速器3在后面将描述的动力传递路径12上被设置在电机2与驱动轮4之间。变速器3是可以适当地改变输出轴3b的转速相对于输入轴3a的转速的比例(即,变速比)的机构,例如,由有级变速器或无级变速器等自动变速器构成。或者,也可以由手动变速器构成。另外,变速器3优选配备有离合器机构,所述离合器机构可以通过卡合而传递转矩,通过释放而切断转矩的传递并设定空档状态。从而,在本发明的实施方式中的变速器3被设置在后面将描述的动力传递路径12上,被构成为能够设定规定的变速比并将转矩传递给驱动轮4,并且选择性地设定为空档。
驱动轮4是被传递由驱动力源输出的驱动转矩并产生车辆Ve的驱动力的车轮。驱动轮4经由变速器3、传动轴9、差速齿轮10以及驱动轴11与驱动力源(即,发动机1及电机2)连接。从而,在图1所示的例子中,由上述发动机1、电机2、变速器3、传动轴9、差速齿轮10、驱动轴11、以及驱动轮4形成从发动机1经由电机2到驱动轮4的动力传递路径12。
另外,在图1所示的例子中,车辆Ve作为将驱动转矩传递给后轮(驱动轮4)并产生驱动力的后轮驱动车辆而被构成,但是,在本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve并不局限于此。例如,车辆Ve也可以是将驱动转矩传递给前轮并产生驱动力的前轮驱动车辆。或者,也可以如后面将描述的图10、图11、图12、图13、图14等中所示的例子那样,是将驱动转矩传递给前轮以及后轮两者并产生驱动力的四轮驱动车辆。
分离离合器5是将发动机1选择性地从动力传递路径12中断开的离合器机构。分离离合器5被设置在动力传递路径12上,选择性地切断在发动机1与后面将描述的摆式减振器6之间的动力传递。例如,分离离合器5在下面所述的至少任一种情况下释放,切断发动机1与摆式减振器6之间的动力传递,所述情况为:
(1)发动机1起动时,
(2)发动机1停止时,
(3)发动机1在规定的转速(例如,发动机1的怠速转速)附近运转时。
另外,分离离合器5例如由能够进行滑动卡合或者所谓的半离合的摩擦离合器构成。分离离合器5在动力传递路径12上被设置在发动机1和电机2之间。在图1所示的例子中,分离离合器5被设置在弹簧减振器8和电机2之间,其中,弹簧减振器8被设置在紧接着发动机1的输出侧之后。更具体地说,分离离合器5被设置在弹簧减振器8与后面描述的摆式减振器6之间。另外,分离离合器5被设置在收容电机2的电机壳体2c的内部,例如,由湿式多板离合器构成。
通过将分离离合器5卡合,可以将发动机1与动力传递路径12连接,将发动机转矩传递给动力传递路径12。从而,通过将分离离合器5卡合,例如,成为能够进行将发动机转矩传递给驱动轮4而使车辆Ve行驶的发动机行驶的状态。或者,成为能够进行将发动机转矩以及电机转矩两者传递给驱动轮4而使车辆Ve行驶的混合动力行驶的状态。
另一方面,通过释放分离离合器5,可以将发动机1从动力传递路径12中断开。从而,通过将分离离合器5释放,例如,在实施将电机转矩传递给驱动轮4而使车辆Ve行驶的电机行驶时,可以形成为将发动机1从动力传递路径12中断开的状态。因此,可以避免发动机1的拖曳损失,提高电机行驶时的车辆Ve的能量效率。
另外,如将在后面描述的那样,分离离合器5在动力传递路径12上设置在比摆式减振器6靠上游的发动机1侧。即,分离离合器5在动力传递路径12上被设置在发动机1和摆式减振器6之间。从而,通过释放分离离合器5,切断发动机1与摆式减振器6之间的动力传递,将摆式减振器6的惯性质量从发动机1的振动系统中分离。因此,可以避免因摆式减振器6的惯性质量附加到发动机1的振动系统上而引起的固有振动频率的降低。进而,作为假设在发动机1发生了故障的情况下的故障保护措施,通过将分离离合器5释放,可以保护下游侧的摆式减振器6。例如,即使在因故障而会使发动机1的转速过度上升的情况下,也可以通过释放分离离合器5,防止摆式减振器6的过度旋转。因此,可以提高摆式减振器6的耐久性及可靠性。
摆式减振器6抑制动力传递路径12上的扭转振动。摆式减振器6例如可以采用与前面所述的专利文献1中记载的TVD的离心摆式减振器、或者日本特开第5862767号公报或德国专利公开第102014202138号等中公开的离心摆式减振器同样结构的摆式减振器。另外,上面举例的摆式减振器均是转动体或者摆本身成为产生减振转矩的惯性体的类型的减振器。本发明的实施方式中的摆式减振器6并不局限于这种类型的减振器。例如,也可以是独立于摆运动的转动体地设置惯性体,转矩经由转动体被传递给惯性体的类型的摆式减振器。本申请人例如在日本特愿2016-26845号及日本特愿2017-153909号的申请中,提出了关于这样的转矩经由转动体被传递给惯性体的类型的摆式减振器的发明。另外,例如,在日本特开2017-40318号公报中公开的转矩变动抑制装置也可以归类为这种转矩经由转动体被传递给惯性体的类型的摆式减振器。总之,本发明的实施方式中的摆式减振器6是所谓的动态减振器,所述动态减振器利用进行摆运动或者离心摆运动的转动体及减振器质量体的惯性力,抑制动力传递路径12上的转矩变动以及由此引起的扭转振动。
另外,摆式减振器6在动力传递路径12上被设置在比分离离合器5靠下游的驱动轮4侧。即,摆式减振器6在动力传递路径12上被设置在分离离合器5与驱动轮4之间。在图1所示的例子中,摆式减振器6被设置在分离离合器5与电机2之间。另外,摆式减振器6与上述分离离合器5一起被设置在电机壳体2c的内部。另外,在图1所示的例子中,摆式减振器6在电机壳体2c内与电机2的转子轴2d连接。这样,通过将摆式减振器6设置在电机壳体2c内,例如,可以省去保护摆式减振器6不受外部的灰尘及水分的影响用的防尘罩。
另外,在电机壳体2c内装入润滑电机2的电机油7。本发明的实施方式中的摆式减振器6也可以是需要润滑的湿式的减振器。或者,也可以是没有必要润滑的干式的减振器。在摆式减振器6为湿式的情况下,如上所述,通过将摆式减振器6设置在电机壳体2c内,可以利用电机壳体2c内的电机油7润滑摆式减振器6。即,可以将润滑电机2的电机油7兼用于湿式的摆式减振器6的润滑。因此,可以不设置用于润滑摆式减振器6的特别的结构或机构,而以简单的结构实现湿式的摆式减振器6。
另外,如上所述,通过摆式减振器6为利用电机油7进行润滑的湿式的减振器,可以期待利用了电机油7的粘性的隔音效果。例如,可以抑制有可能在摆式减振器6的旋转起动时以及停止时发生的转动体(离心摆)的碰撞音及异响。另外,即使在摆式减振器6为干式的情况下,通过安装覆盖摆式减振器6而防止电机油7侵入的罩(图中未示出),与上述湿式的情况一样,也可以将干式的摆式减振器6设置在电机壳体2c内。
另外,摆式减振器6根据减振对象的振动的形态而被设定减振用的振动次数。例如,对应于由燃烧周期及气缸数等引起的发动机1的一次振动,设定摆式减振器6的振动次数,以便抑制该发动机1的一次振动。或者,例如,在电机2是永久磁铁式的同步电机的情况下,对应于由该电机2的极数或磁极的俯仰角等引起的电机2的转矩波动或齿槽转矩,设定摆式减振器6的振动次数,以便抑制由这些转矩波动或齿槽转矩引起而产生的扭转振动。或者,对应于动力传递路径12整体的振动系统中的固有振动频率,设定摆式减振器6的振动次数,以便抑制该振动系统中的共振的发生。从而,本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve可以利用摆式减振器6恰当地抑制动力传递路径12上的扭转振动。摆式减振器6的振动次数例如可以通过调整摆式减振器6的外径或形状、或者摆式减振器6的转动体或减振质量体的质量等来适当地设定。
如前面所述,当振动系统的固有振动频率降低而接近于发动机1的怠速转速时,在使发动机1怠速运转时,或者,在起动或者停止发动机1时,存在着在发动机1的振动系统中会发生共振的可能性。与此相对,在本发明的实施方式的车辆Ve中,如上所述,设置有分离离合器5,通过释放所述分离离合器5,切断发动机1与摆式减振器6之间的动力传递。具体地说,摆式减振器6在动力传递路径12上被设置在比分离离合器5靠驱动轮4侧,即,隔着分离离合器5设置在发动机1的相反侧。因此,通过释放分离离合器5,可以使摆式减振器6的惯性质量从发动机1的振动系统中分离。其结果是,可以避免因摆式减振器6的惯性质量附加到振动系统中而引起的固有振动频率的降低。
例如,在发动机1是装备了增压器的高输出的发动机的情况下,为了应对大的最大转矩,有必要提高弹簧减振器8的刚性。而且,在发动机1是三缸或四缸等气缸比较少的发动机的情况下,当提高弹簧减振器8的刚性时,存在着弹簧减振器8与发动机1的共振点接近大约1000rpm的情况。即,存在着振动系统的固有振动频率在发动机1的怠速转速附近的可能性。与此相对,在本发明的实施方式的车辆Ve中,如上所述,通过释放分离离合器5,可以使摆式减振器6的惯性质量从发动机1的振动系统中分离,使振动系统的固定振动频率改变到比发动机1的怠速转速高的转速侧。因此,在发动机1的怠速运转时,或者在起动或停止发动机1时,可以抑制在发动机1的振动系统中会发生共振的情况。其结果是,可以提高车辆Ve的NV性能。
本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve并不局限于上述图1所示的结构。本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve也可以像下面所示的其它例子那样构成。在图2到图14中,表示出了在本发明的实施方式中作为对象的车辆Ve的其它例子。另外,在图2至图14所示的各个车辆Ve中,对于与上述图1中所示的车辆Ve或者已经出现过的任何一个图中所示的车辆Ve结构及功能相同的结构部件,赋予与图1或者已经出现过的任何一个图相同的附图标记。
在图2所示的车辆Ve中,电机2与变速器3被连接成一体。具体地说,电机2的电机壳体2c与变速器3的变速器壳体3c例如通过螺栓紧固等被连接成一体,构成将电机2及变速器3一起收容起来的壳体13。或者将电机2及变速器3一起收容在电机壳体2c内。或者,将电机2及变速器3一起收容在变速器壳体3c内。即,电机壳体2c和变速器壳体3c形成一体,由其构成壳体13。
在壳体13内装入至少润滑以及冷却电机2或者变速器3之中的任一方的油14。即,壳体13在内部保持油14。油14也可以与所述电机油7是同样的油。或者也可以将油14兼用作电机油7。并且,分离离合器5及摆式减振器6与电机2及变速器3一起被收容在壳体13内。摆式减振器6被连接于电机2的转子轴2d。从而,摆式减振器6至少与电机2一起被收容在壳体13的内部,被油14润滑。
在图3所示的车辆Ve中,摆式减振器6被连接于电机2的转子2b。在图4所示的车辆Ve中,摆式减振器6被连接于分离离合器5的输出侧。在图5、图6所示的车辆Ve中,摆式减振器6被连接于电机2的转子支座2e。在图7所示的车辆Ve中,与所述图1、图2中所示的例子同样,摆式减振器6被连接于电机2的转子轴2d。
包括所述图1中所示的车辆Ve在内,在图3、图4、图5、图6、图7所示的车辆Ve中,摆式减振器6都是在电机壳体2c内被配置在电机2的前侧(各个图的左侧)、即电机壳体2c的开口侧。因此,可以容易地将摆式减振器6组装到电机壳体2c内。
在图6所示的车辆Ve中,分离离合器5被配置在转子2b的内周的中空部2g,与转子轴2d连接。中空部2g是形成在转子2b的内周部分中的空间。分离离合器5具有输入侧、即发动机1侧(图6的左侧)的旋转构件5a以及输出侧、即驱动轮4侧(图6的右侧)的旋转构件5b。通过旋转构件5a与旋转构件5b卡合,分离离合器5变成卡合状态。输入侧的旋转构件5a经由弹簧减振器8与发动机1的输出轴1a连接。另一方面,输出侧的旋转构件5b在转子2b的中空部2g与转子轴2d以及转子2b连接。从而,在图6所示的例子中,实质上,在动力传递路径12上,从上游的发动机1侧起,依次配置有发动机1、弹簧减振器8、分离离合器5、电机2及摆式减振器6、以及变速器3。如上所述,该图6所示的车辆Ve通过将分离离合器5配置在转子2b的中空部2g,可以有效地灵活利用转子2b的内周部分的空间,缩短分离离合器5的相当于配置空间的程度的轴长。
在图7所示的车辆Ve中,摆式减振器6被配置在电机2的线圈端部2f的内周部2h。线圈端部2f是被卷绕到定子2a的芯(图中未示出)上的线圈从定子2a在电机2的旋转轴线方向上的两端面向外侧突出的部分。内周部2h是被定子2a的端面和线圈端部2f的内周部分包围起来的空间。在图7所示的例子中,在向电机2的前侧(图7的左侧)突出的线圈端部2f的内周部2h配置摆式减振器6。从而,该图7所示的车辆Ve通过将分离离合器5配置在线圈端部2f的内周部2h,可以有效地灵活利用线圈端部2f的内周部2h的空间,缩短分离离合器5的相当于配置空间的程度的轴长。
另外,在图7所示的例子中,与所述图1、图2所示的例子同样,摆式减振器6被连接于电机2的转子轴2d。本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve并不局限于此。例如,如上述图3、图4、图5、图6中任何一个图所示的那样,也可以将摆式减振器6连接于转子2b、转子支座2e、或者分离离合器5的输出侧的旋转构件5b。
另外,在上述图1、图3、图4、图5、图6、图7所示的例子中,摆式减振器6都是在电机壳体2c内被配置在电机2的前侧(图的左侧)。本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve并不局限于此。例如,如图8所示,在电机壳体2c内,也可以将摆式减振器6配置在电机2的后侧、即驱动轮4侧(图8的右侧)。在图8所示的例子中,摆式减振器6被配置在电机2的后侧,与发动机2的后侧的转子轴2d连接。后侧的转子轴2d与变速器3的输入轴3a连接。
通常,电机2的电气系统的配线、或者电机油7的供给及循环用的油压系统的配管等被集中配置在电机壳体2c的前侧(开口侧)。因此,在没有开口的电机壳体2c的后侧,有比较宽裕的空间。从而,该图8所示的车辆Ve,通过将摆式减振器6配置在电机壳体2c的后侧,可以有效地灵活利用电机壳体2c的后侧的空余空间,可以缩短摆式减振器6的相当于配置空间的程度的轴长。
在图9所示的车辆Ve中,在电机2的输出侧(图9的右侧)配备有变矩器21。具体地说,变矩器21在动力传递路径12上配置在电机2与变速器3之间。并且,变矩器21的输入轴21a被连接于电机2的输出侧的转子轴2d,变矩器21的输出轴21b被连接于变速器3的输入轴3a。变矩器21是以往普通的结构,具有锁止离合器22以及弹簧减振器23。这些锁止离合器22以及弹簧减振器23被收容在变矩器21的变矩器壳体21c的内部。即,该图9所示的车辆Ve配备有:设置在紧接发动机1的输出侧之后的弹簧减振器8、以及设置在变矩器壳体21c内的弹簧减振器23这两个弹簧减振器。
在图9所示的车辆Ve中,分离离合器5被设置在电机壳体2c内,配置在电机壳体2c的前侧(图9的左侧)。本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve并不局限于此。例如,如前面的图6所示,也可以在转子2b的内周部分配置分离离合器5。总之,在本发明的实施方式的车辆Ve中,分离离合器5只要在动力传递路径12上被设置在发动机1与至少一台电机(例如,上述那样的电机2、或者其它电机)之间即可。
另外,在图9所示的车辆Ve中,摆式减振器6被设置在变矩器壳体21c的内部。具体地说,摆式减振器6在变矩器壳体21c内被配置在比变矩器21本体及锁止离合器22靠输出侧(图9中的右侧)。即,摆式减振器6在动力传递路径12上被配置在变矩器21与变速器3之间。在图9所示的例子中,摆式减振器6与变矩器21的输出轴21b连接。
在摆式减振器6为湿式的情况下,如上所述,通过将摆式减振器6设置在变矩器壳体21c内,可以利用填充在变矩器壳体21c内的ATF(Automatic Transmission Fluid:自动变速器用油)(图中未示出)润滑摆式减振器6。即,可以将在变矩器21中使用的ATF兼用于湿式的摆式减振器6的润滑。因此,不设置用于润滑摆式减振器6的特别的结构或机构,可以利用简单的结构来实现湿式的摆式减振器6。
这样,在图9所示的车辆Ve中,在动力传递路径12上,将两个弹簧减振器8、23设置在摆式减振器6的上游的发动机1侧。因此,可以借助这两个弹簧减振器8、23来谋求动力传递路径12的低刚性化。其结果是,在动力传递路径12上,可以更有效地发挥由摆式减振器6产生的减振效果。
本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve也可以是如下面的图10、图11、图12、图13、图14所示的四轮驱动车辆。图10所示的车辆Ve配备有发动机1、以及第一电机(MG1)31及第二电机(MG2)32这两台电机来作为驱动力源。另外,配备有变速器(TM)3、分离离合器5、摆式减振器6、前驱动轮33、后驱动轮34、以及分动器(TF)35。
第一电机31与所述的电机2一样,被配置在发动机1的输出侧。第一电机31是具有发电功能的所谓电动·发电机,例如,由永久磁铁式的同步电机或者感应电机等构成。在图10所示的例子中,与所述图1中所示的例子一样,分离离合器5以及摆式减振器6被配置在第一电机31的电机壳体31a内。本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve并不局限于此。例如,与所述的图3、图4、图5、图6、图7、图8中的任一个图中所示的例子一样,也可以将分离离合器5及摆式减振器6设置在电机壳体31a内。
第二电机32与上述第一电机31及电机2一样,是具有发电功能的所谓电动·发电机,例如,由永久磁铁式的同步电机、或者感应电机等构成。如后面将要描述的那样,第二电机32内置于分动器35中。
前驱动轮33及后驱动轮34均是被传递由驱动力源(在图10所示的例子中,为发动机1、第一电机31、以及第二电机32)输出的驱动转矩并产生车辆Ve的驱动力的车轮。前驱动轮33是产生车辆Ve的驱动力的前轮。后驱动轮34是产生车辆Ve的驱动力的后轮。
分动器35是选择性地切换并设定将驱动转矩传递给前驱动轮33和后驱动轮34中的任一方的两轮驱动状态和将驱动转矩传递给前驱动轮33以及后驱动轮34两者的四轮驱动状态、或者始终设定为上述四轮驱动状态的传动机构。分动器35是以往普通的结构的分动器,例如,使用差动齿轮机构或链条传动机构构成。
另外,分动器35具有输入轴35a、前输出轴35b、后输出轴35c、以及分动器壳体35d。输入轴35a与变速器3的输出轴3b连接。前输出轴35b与后面将描述的前传动轴3连接。后输出轴35c与后面描述的后传动轴41连接。分动器壳体35d将上述第二电机32与分动器35一起收容起来。即,在图10所示的例子中,分动器35内置有上述第二电机32。另外,分动器壳体35d将至少润滑分动器35的分动器油36保持在内部。在图10所示的例子中,分动器油36对第二电机32与分动器35一起进行润滑及冷却。第二电机32与前输出轴35b连接。前输出轴35b例如经由齿轮传动机构或者链条传动机构(图中均未示出)与输入轴35a及后输出轴35c连接。输入轴35a与后输出轴35c可相互动力传递地被连接起来。从而,分动器35将第二电机32的电机转矩传递给前驱动轮33以及后驱动轮34中的至少任一方。
在图10所示的例子中,前驱动轮33经由变速器3、分动器35、前传动轴37、前差速齿轮38、以及前驱动轴39与发动机1及第一电机31连接。另外,前驱动轮33经由前传动轴37、前差速齿轮38、以及前驱动轴39与第二电机32连接。从而,在图10所示的例子中,由上述发动机1、变速器3、第一电机31、分动器35、前传动轴37、前差速齿轮38、前驱动轴39以及前驱动轮33形成从发动机1经由第一电机31到前驱动轮33的第一动力传递路径40。
另一方面,后驱动轮34经由变速器3、分动器35、后传动轴41、后差速齿轮42、以及后驱动轴43与发动机1及第一电机31连接。另外,后驱动轮34经由分动器35、后传动轴41、后差速齿轮42、以及后驱动轴43与第二电机32连接。从而,在图10所示的例子中,由上述发动机1、变速器3、第一电机31,分动器35、后传动轴41、后差速齿轮42、后驱动轴43、以及后驱动轮34形成从发动机1经由第一电机31到后驱动轮34的第二动力传递路径44。
如上所述,本发明的实施方式中的“动力传递路径”,在设有分动器35而将车辆Ve构成为四轮驱动车辆的情况下,具有从发动机1经由第一电机31及分动器35到前驱动轮33的第一动力传递路径40、和从发动机1经由第一电机31及分动器35到后驱动轮34的第二动力传递路径44。
另外,本发明的实施方式中的“电机”,在设有分动器35而将车辆Ve构成为四轮驱动车辆的情况下,具有第一电机31和第二电机32,所述第一电机31在“动力传递路径”(即,第一动力传递路径40或者第二动力传递路径44)上配置在比分离离合器5靠“驱动轮”(即,前驱动轮33或者后驱动轮34)侧,所述第二电机32在“动力传递路径”(即,第一动力传递路径40或者第二动力传递路径44)上配置在比第一电机31靠“驱动轮”(即,前驱动轮33或者后驱动轮34)侧。
在图10所示的例子中,第一电机31在第一动力传递路径40上配置在比分离离合器5靠前驱动轮33侧。另外,第一电机31在第二动力传递路径44上配置在比分离离合器5靠后驱动轮34侧。即,第一电机31在动力传递路径40、44上配置在比分离离合器5靠驱动轮33、34侧。另一方面,第二电机32在第一动力传递路径40上配置在比第一电机31靠前驱动轮33侧。另外,第二电机32在第二动力传递路径44上配置在比第一电机31靠后驱动轮34侧。即,第二电机32在动力传递路径40、44上配置在比第一电机31靠驱动轮33、34侧。
这样,在图10所示的车辆Ve中,在第一动力传递路径40上,在发动机1与第一电机31之间设有分离离合器5。另外,分离离合器5在第二动力传递路径44上设置在发动机1与第二电机32之间。因此,通过释放分离离合器5,可以将发动机1从第一动力传递路径40以及第二动力传递路径44中断开。从而,通过释放分离离合器5,例如,在利用第一电机31以及第二电机32两者的电机转矩使车辆Ve进行电机行驶时,可以形成将发动机1从第一动力传递路径40以及第二动力传递路径44中断开的状态。因此,可以避免发动机1的拖曳损失,提高电机行驶时的车辆Ve的能量效率。
图11所示的车辆Ve配备有发动机1、以及电机(MG)51来作为驱动力源。另外,配备有变速器(TM)3、分离离合器5、摆式减振器6、前驱动轮33、后驱动轮34、以及分动器(TF)53。
电机51与所述的电机2及第一电机31一样,配置在发动机1的输出侧。电机51是具有发电功能的所谓的电动·发电机,例如,由永久磁铁式的同步电机或者感应电机等构成。如后面将要描述的那样,电机51内置于分动器53中。
分离离合器52由变速器3的离合器机构3d构成。离合器机构3d是变速器3的结构部件,通过卡合来传递转矩,由变速器3设定规定的变速比(或者变速级)。另外,离合器机构3d通过释放来切断转矩的传递,使变速器3形成空档状态。从而,在图11所示的例子中,变速器3的离合器机构3d兼作为分离离合器52。这样,通过兼作为变速器3的离合器机构地构成分离离合器52,可以减少部件数目,谋求车辆Ve的小型化·轻量化以及降低成本。
分动器53与所述的分动器35同样,是以往普通结构的分动器,例如,利用差速齿轮机构或带式传动机构构成。分动器53具有输入轴53a、前输出轴53b、后输出轴53c以及分动器壳体53d。输入轴53a与变速器3的输出轴3b连接。前输出轴53b与前传动轴37连接。后输出轴53c与后传动轴41连接。分动器壳体53d将上述电机51与分动器53本体一起收容起来。即,在图11所示的例子中,分动器53内置有电机51。另外,分动器壳体53d在内部保持有至少润滑分动器53的分动器油54。在图11所示的例子中,分动器油54对电机51以及后面将描述的摆式减振器6与分动器53一起进行润滑以及冷却。电机51与前输出轴53b连接。前输出轴53b例如经由齿轮传动机构或者链条传动机构(图中均未示出)与输入轴53a及后输出轴53c连接。输入轴53a和后输出轴53c可相互传递动力地被连接起来。从而,分动器53将电机51的电机转矩传递给前驱动轮33以及后驱动轮34中的至少任一方。
进而,分动器53内置有摆式减振器6和电机51。即,在图11所示的例子中,摆式减振器6配置在分动器壳体53d内。具体地说,摆式减振器6在分动器壳体53d内配置在分动器53的前侧、即变速器3侧(图11的左侧),与分动器53的输入轴53a连接。从而,摆式减振器6在分动器壳体53d内被分动器油54润滑及冷却。
在图11所示的例子中,前驱动轮33经由变速器3、分动器53、前传动轴37、前差速齿轮38、以及前驱动轴39与发动机1及电机51连接。从而,由上述发动机1、变速器3、电机51、分动器53、前传动轴37、前差速齿轮38、前驱动轴39、以及前驱动轮33形成从发动机1经由电机51到前驱动轮33的第一动力传递路径55。
另一方面,后驱动轮34经由变速器3、分动器53、后传动轴41、后差速齿轮42、以及后驱动轴43与发动机1以及电机51连接。从而,由上述发动机1、变速器3、电机51、分动器53、后传动轴41、后差速齿轮42、后驱动轴43、以及后驱动轮34形成从发动机1经由电机51到后驱动轮34的第二动力传递路径56。
如上所述,本发明的实施方式中的“动力传递路径”,在设有分动器53而将车辆Ve构成为四轮驱动车辆的情况下,具有从发动机1经由电机51及分动器53到前驱动轮33的第一动力传递路径55和从发动机1经由电机51及分动器53到后驱动轮34的第二动力传递路径56。
另外,在图11所示的车辆Ve中,分离离合器52在第一动力传递路径55上被设置在发动机1与电机51之间。分离离合器52在第二动力传递路径56上也被设置在发动机1与电机51之间。因此,通过释放分离离合器52,可以将发动机1从第一动力传递路径55及第二动力传递路径56中断开。从而,通过释放分离离合器52,例如,在利用电机51的电机转矩使车辆Ve进行电机行驶时,可以形成将发动机1从第一动力传递路径55及第二动力传递路径56中断开的状态。因此,可以避免发动机1的拖曳损失,提高电机行驶时的车辆Ve的能量效率。
在图11所示的例子中,车辆Ve构成为将发动机1以及一台电机(电机51)作为驱动力源的四轮驱动车辆。本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve并不局限于此。例如,如图12所示,也可以构成为将发动机1及两台电机作为驱动力源的四轮驱动车辆。
图12所示的车辆Ve配备有发动机1、第一电机(MG1)61、以及第二电机(MG2)62来作为驱动力源。从而,在该图12所示的车辆Ve中,可以进行由第一电机61及第二电机62两者的电机转矩产生的高输出的电机行驶。
第一电机61与所述电机51一样,配置在发动机1的输出侧。第一电机61是具有发电功能的所谓的电动·发动机,例如,由永久磁铁式的同步电机或者感应电机等构成。第一电机61与所述电机51同样地构成,内置于分动器53中。
第二电机62与所述电机2或第一电机31等一样,配置在发动机1的输出侧。具体地说,第二电机62经由弹簧减振器8与发动机1连接。第二电机62是具有发电功能的所谓的电动·发动机,例如,由永久磁铁式的同步电机或者感应电机等构成。另外,在第二电机62的电机壳体62a内,例如,与所述的图3至图8中任一个图所示的例子一样,可以设有分离离合器5及摆式减振器6。
在图12所示的例子中,由上述发动机1、第二电机62、变速器3、第一电机61、分动器53、前传动轴37、前差速齿轮38、前驱动轴39、以及前驱动轮33形成从发动机1经由第二电机62及第一电机61到前驱动轮33的第一动力传递路径63。另外,由上述的发动机1、第二电机62、变速器3、第一电机61、分动器53、后传动轴41、后差速齿轮42、后驱动轴43、以及后驱动轮34形成从发动机1经由第二电机62以及第一电机61到后驱动轮34的第二动力传递路径64。
如上所述,本发明的实施方式中的“动力传递路径”,在设有分动器53而将车辆Ve构成为四轮驱动车辆的情况下,具有从发动机1经由第二电机62及第一电机61、以及分动器53到前驱动轮33的第一动力传递路径63和从发动机1经由第二电机62及第一电机61、以及分动器53到后驱动轮34的第二动力传递路径64。
另外,本发明的实施方式中的“电机”,在设有分动器53而将车辆Ve构成为四轮驱动车辆的情况下,具有第一电机61和第二电机62,所述第一电机61在“动力传递路径”(即,第一动力传递路径63或者第二动力传递路径64)上配置在比分离离合器52靠“驱动轮”(即,前驱动轮33或者后驱动轮34)侧,所述第二电机62在“动力传递路径”(即,第一动力传递路径63或者第二动力传递路径64)上配置在比分离离合器52靠发动机1侧。
从而,在图12所示的例子中,第一电机61在第一动力传递路径63上配置在比分离离合器52(离合器机构3d)靠前驱动轮33侧。或者,第一电机61在第二动力传递路径64上配置在比分离离合器52(离合器机构3d)靠后驱动轮34侧。即,第一电机61在动力传递路径63、64上配置在比分离离合器52靠驱动轮33、34侧。另外,第二电机62在第一动力传递路径63上配置在比分离离合器52(离合器机构3d)靠发动机1侧。或者,第二电机62在第二动力传递路径64上配置在比分离离合器52(离合器机构3d)靠发动机1侧。即,第二电机62在动力传递路径63、64上配置在比分离离合器52靠发动机1侧。
在上述图11、图12所示的车辆Ve中,摆式减振器6都是在分动器壳体53d内与分动器壳体53d的前侧的输入轴53a连接。即,摆式减振器6配置在分动器壳体53d的开口侧。因此,可以容易地将摆式减振器6组装到分动器壳体53d内。
在图11、图12所示的例子中,摆式减振器6都是在分动器壳体53d内配置在分动器壳体53d的开口侧,与输入轴53a连接。本发明的实施方式中的车辆Ve并不局限于此。例如,如图13、图14所示,也可以在分动器壳体53d内将摆式减振器6配置在电机51或者第一电机61的输出侧。在图13所示的例子中,摆式减振器6在分动器壳体53d内配置在分动器壳体53d的开口侧,与前输出轴53b或者电机51连接,在图14所示的例子中,摆式减振器6在分动器壳体53d内配置在分动器壳体53d的开口侧,与前输出轴53b或者第一电机61连接。
这样,在图13、图14所示的车辆Ve中,摆式减振器6都是配置在分动器壳体53d的开口侧。因此,可以将摆式减振器6容易地组装到分动器壳体53d内。
进而,摆式减振器6在分动器壳体53d内配置在与电机51或者第一电机61同一旋转轴线上。电机51及第一电机61被搭载作为车辆Ve的驱动力源。从而,作为电机51及第一电机61均采用相对大直径的电机,以便能够输出足够的驱动转矩。例如,在图13所示的例子中,与变速器3的与分动器53连接部分的外径相比,电机51的外径大。与此相伴,分动器壳体53d的收容电机51侧(图13的下侧)的形状必然比与变速器3的连接侧(图13的上侧)的形状大。另外,在图14所示的例子中,与变速器3的与分动器53连接部分的外径相比,第一电机61的外径大。与此相伴,分动器壳体53d的收容第一电机61侧(图14的下侧)的形状必然比与变速器3的连接侧(图14的上侧)的形状大。因此,如图13、图14所示的例子那样,在将摆式减振器6配置在与电机51或者第一电机61同一旋转轴线上的情况下,与将摆式减振器6配置在与变速器3连接侧的情况相比,可以使用更大直径的摆式减振器6。或者,可以以更大的自由度设计摆式减振器6。从而,可以获得由摆式减振器6产生的恰当的减振效果。
附图标记说明
1···发动机(ENG),1a···(发动机的)输出轴,2、51···电机(MG),2a···定子,2b···转子,2c、31a、61a···电机壳体,2d···转子轴,2e···转子支座,2f···线圈端部,2g···(转子的)中空部,2h···(线圈端部的)内周部,3···变速器(TM),3a···(变速器的)输入轴,3b···(变速器的)输出轴,3c···变速器壳体,3d(变速器的)离合器机构,4···驱动轮,5、52···分离离合器,5a···(分离离合器·输入侧的)旋转构件,5b···(分离离合器·输出侧的)旋转构件,6···摆式减振器,7···电机油,8、23···弹簧减振器,9···传动轴,10···差速齿轮,11···驱动轴,12···动力传递路径,13···(收容电机及变速器的)壳体,14···油,21···变矩器,21a···(变矩器的)输入轴,21b···(变矩器的)输出轴,21c···变矩器壳体,22···锁止离合器,31、61···第一电机(MG1),32、62···第二电机(MG2),33···前驱动轮,34···后驱动轮,35、53···分动器,35a、53a···(分动器的)输入轴,35b、53b···前输出轴,35c、53c···后输出轴,35d、53d···分动器壳体,36、54···分动器油,37···前传动轴,38···前差速齿轮,39···前驱动轴,40、55、63···第一动力传递路径,41···后传动轴,42···后差速齿轮,43···后传动轴,44、56、64···第二动力传递路径,Ve···车辆(混合动力车辆)。
Claims (15)
1.一种混合动力车辆,配备有发动机、以及至少一台电机来作为驱动力源,其特征在于,所述混合动力车辆配备有:
驱动轮;
从所述发动机经由所述电机到所述驱动轮的动力传递路径;
设置在所述动力传递路径上并抑制所述动力传递路径上的扭转振动的摆式减振器;以及
设置在所述动力传递路径上并选择性地切断所述发动机与所述摆式减振器之间的动力传递的分离离合器。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
在所述发动机起动时、所述发动机停止时、或者所述发动机在规定的转速附近运转时之中的至少任一种情况下,所述分离离合器释放,切断所述发动机与所述摆式减振器之间的动力传递。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述分离离合器在所述动力传递路径上配置在所述发动机与所述电机之间,
所述摆式减振器在所述动力传递路径上配置在比所述分离离合器靠所述驱动轮侧。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述电机具有至少润滑所述电机的电机油和将所述电机油保持在内部的壳体,
所述摆式减振器至少与所述电机一起被收容在所述壳体内,
所述电机油润滑所述摆式减振器。
5.如权利要求4所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述电机具有线圈从定子在所述电机的旋转轴线方向上的端面突出的线圈端部,
所述摆式减振器配置在所述线圈端部的内周部。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述电机具有至少润滑所述电机的电机油和将所述电机油保持在内部的壳体,
所述分离离合器至少与所述电机一起被收容在所述壳体内。
7.如权利要求6所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述电机具有形成于转子的内周的中空部,
所述分离离合器配置于所述中空部。
8.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
配备有变速器,所述变速器设置在所述动力传递路径上,能够设定规定的变速比而将转矩传递给所述驱动轮,并且,能够选择性地设定空档,
所述变速器具有离合器机构,在设定所述规定的变速比以及所述空档时,所述离合器机构被选择性地卡合或者释放,
所述分离离合器由所述离合器机构构成。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述驱动轮具有在前轮产生驱动力的前驱动轮和在后轮产生驱动力的后驱动轮,
所述混合动力车辆配备有分动器,所述分动器设置在所述动力传递路径上,选择性地切换并设定将驱动转矩传递给所述前驱动轮或者所述后驱动轮中的任一方的两轮驱动状态和将驱动转矩传递给所述前驱动轮及所述后驱动轮这两者的四轮驱动状态,或者始终设定为所述四轮驱动状态,
所述动力传递路径具有从所述发动机经由所述分动器到所述前驱动轮的第一动力传递路径和从所述发动机经由所述分动器到所述后驱动轮的第二动力传递路径。
10.如权利要求9所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述分动器具有至少润滑所述分动器的分动器油和将所述分动器油保持在内部的分动器壳体,
所述电机至少与所述分动器一起被收容在所述分动器壳体内。
11.如权利要求10所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述摆式减振器至少与所述分动器及所述电机一起被收容在所述分动器壳体内,
所述分动器油润滑所述摆式减振器。
12.如权利要求8至11中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述电机具有第一电机及第二电机至少两台电机,
所述第一电机在所述动力传递路径上配置在比所述分离离合器靠所述驱动轮侧,
所述第二电机在所述动力传递路径上配置在比所述分离离合器靠所述发动机侧、或者比所述第一电机靠所述驱动轮侧。
13.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述摆式减振器具有用于对减振对象进行减振的规定的振动次数,
所述振动次数被设定成对由所述发动机的燃烧周期引起的所述发动机的一次振动进行抑制。
14.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述摆式减振器具有用于对减振对象进行减振的规定的振动次数,
所述振动次数被设定成对由所述电机的极数引起的所述电机的一次振动进行抑制。
15.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的混合动力车辆,其特征在于,
所述摆式减振器具有用于对减振对象进行减振的规定的振动次数,
所述振动次数被设定成对由所述动力传递路径的固定振动频率引起的共振进行抑制。
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CA3015776A1 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
CA3015776C (en) | 2020-06-02 |
KR102071845B1 (ko) | 2020-01-31 |
EP3461669B1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
JP2019043427A (ja) | 2019-03-22 |
BR102018067455A2 (pt) | 2019-04-24 |
EP3461669A1 (en) | 2019-04-03 |
TW201920851A (zh) | 2019-06-01 |
US10479183B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
US20190070948A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
MY194061A (en) | 2022-11-10 |
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