CN102971168A - 传动系 - Google Patents
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- CN102971168A CN102971168A CN2011800325671A CN201180032567A CN102971168A CN 102971168 A CN102971168 A CN 102971168A CN 2011800325671 A CN2011800325671 A CN 2011800325671A CN 201180032567 A CN201180032567 A CN 201180032567A CN 102971168 A CN102971168 A CN 102971168A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D43/00—Automatic clutches
- F16D43/02—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically
- F16D43/04—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by angular speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/421—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
- B60L2240/441—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/08—Electric propulsion units
- B60W2510/081—Speed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/946—Characterized by control of driveline clutch
Abstract
本发明涉及一种机动车的传动系,其具有内燃机、电机和离合器装置,所述离合器装置包括为所述内燃机对应配设的第一离合单元和为所述电机对应配设的第二离合单元,所述内燃机和/或所述电机能通过离合器装置与用于驱动所述机动车的至少一个车轮的一个共同的驱动轴以能起到有效驱动作用的方式连接。所述第一离合单元和所述第二离合单元是单独的部件,所述单独的部件能够根据所述内燃机和所述电机的转速之差通过离合器自动地相互耦合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有内燃机和电机的机动车的传动系。
背景技术
原则上,已知机动车的传动系各种各样的混合动力架构,通过该混合架构将内燃机和电机相互组合,以便实现机动车的有效驱动。通常,分为三种不同的、按照电机驱动扭矩大小区分的混合动力级别。
在所谓的微混合动力机动车中,一般设置用于自动起动-停止设备的电机和用于给较小的起动器电池充电的制动能量回收装置。电机在此不用来驱动机动车。
而在所谓的弱混合动力车中,电机有助于提高内燃机的效率。此外,在适当地设计传动系的情况下,在电机的发电机运行中可以部分地回收制动过程中积累的能量。
与上述混合动力级别相反,完全混合动力机动车能够完全通过电机驱动。在这种机动车中,例如可以规定,内燃机仅驱动发电机,该发电机给电机供应电能和/或给蓄电池充电。因此,可以与具有相似功率数据的机动车相比使用更小尺寸的内燃机。此外,内燃机可以在高效运行状态下工作,因为通常可以通过从蓄电池中提取能量满足功率峰值。
已知一些混合动力架构,其中,电机和内燃机通过一个或两个离合器相互连接或与传动系连接。尤其在具有两个离合器的架构中,离合器耗费地构造和电机在功能结构上集成到传动系中是不利的。系统的控制也相对较复杂。
发明内容
因此,本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种传动系,该传动系满足弱混合动力车的功能并且也能够实现机动车至少部分地纯电驱动。同时,为所述功能需要的部件应当能以简单的方式集成到只具有内燃机的机动车的传统传动系中。
该技术问题通过一种具有权利要求1所述特征的传动系解决。
按本发明,带有内燃机和电机的传动系具有离合器装置,该离合器装置包括为内燃机对应配设的第一离合单元和为电机对应配设的第二离合单元,内燃机和/或电机通过第一和第二离合单元与一个共同的用于驱动机动车的至少一个车轮的驱动轴以能起到有效驱动作用的方式连接。第一离合单元和第二离合单元是单独的部件,它们根据内燃机与电机的转速之差通过离合器自动地相互耦合。
换句话说,按本发明规定,内燃机和电机通过单独的离合单元与驱动轴连接,以便可以在不同行驶状况下提供不同的传动系配置。原则上,可行的是,内燃机和电机均可以根据选择且相互独立地与驱动轴连接。但已证实有利的是,离合器装置构造成,使得内燃机仅在电机也通过第二离合单元与驱动轴连接之后才与驱动轴联接。
通过自动作用的离合器,按本发明的传动系能够可靠地运行。通过该离合器确保,当存在一定的运行参数时,离合单元在没有外界帮助的情况下联接。按本发明,离合单元根据内燃机与电机的转速之差进行耦合。通过该结构方案,内燃机和电机当存在适合的条件时相互联接,以便例如然后可以共同地有助于驱动机动车。也可以考虑,在离合单元的联接状态下,通过内燃机的功率既驱动机动车又由电机发电工作产生电能,该电能用于运行辅助机组和/或给储能器充电。
电机可以以简单的方式集成到传统的传动系中,因为只需加入离合器装置和电机。前者例如可以集成在起动件中和/或扭转减震器中或至少与所述构件空间相邻地布置。
本发明的其他实施形式在说明书、权利要求和附图中指出。
按一种实施形式,离合器这样设计,使得当内燃机的转速基本上等于或大于电机的转速时,第一离合单元与第二离合单元以能起到有效驱动作用的方式耦合。换句话说,在内燃机至少具有与电机相等的转速之后才建立第一与第二离合单元之间的联接。这例如在机动车首先纯电动运行(例如在起动状况下)并且内燃机在之后才接入的情况下是有利的。只要内燃机还未以所需的转速转动,它就还未与第二离合单元(并因此与驱动轴)连接。直到转速相等时,功率才(至少部分地)从电机传递到内燃机上。但电机还可以与驱动轴连接,以便在需要时可以提供附加的驱动扭矩并且由此给内燃机卸载。
第一离合单元、第二离合单元和/或离合器可以共轴地布置。作为补充或备选可以规定,内燃机和/或电机与第一离合单元和第二离合单元共轴地布置。
在电机的旋转轴线与内燃机的旋转轴线错开时,获得传动系紧凑的结构形式。
按一种实施形式,离合器是超速离合装置。超速离合装置使两个离合单元能够根据电机和内燃机的转速之差有选择地联接和断开。换句话说,当存在确定的载荷比时,离合单元之间才发生联接。原则上,已知多种可以根据需要选择的、不同的结构形式的超速离合装置。
第一离合单元可以是第一飞轮,第二离合单元可以是第二飞轮。第一飞轮和第二飞轮具有不同的惯性力矩,其中,尤其是第二飞轮的惯性力矩小于第一飞轮的惯性力矩。该结构方案考虑到的事实是,与内燃机的运行关联出现的转动均匀度一般大于在电机运行时出现的转动均匀度。因此,减轻扭转振动的需要在内燃机中大于在电机中,因此,相应的飞轮具有比电机的飞轮更高的质量惯性。第二飞轮更小的质量惯性带来这个优点,为其加速所必须施加的的能量更少。最后,所描述的结构因此允许离合器装置根据离合单元的耦合状态具有不同的惯性力矩,以便最佳地考虑分别存在的条件。
电机可以通过皮带传动装置、链传动装置或齿轮连接装置以能起到有效驱动作用的方式与第二离合单元联接。这些装置同样相应地适用于内燃机与第一离合单元的联接。
第一离合单元和/或第二离合单元可以通过起动件,尤其是离合器和/或扭振减震器装置与驱动轴连接。离合单元尤其形成扭振减震器装置的功能元件。这些功能元件例如根据运行状态要么单独地要么在耦合状态下形成两个惯性飞轮的飞轮质量之一。
在离合器装置布置在传动系的内燃机与变速箱之间时,能够使离合器装置结构简单地集成到传统的传动系中。
传动系可以具有用于使内燃机运转的单独的起动电机,以便可以与电机的运行无关地使内燃机运转。
起动电机尤其通过第一离合单元与内燃机连接。在第一离合单元作为飞轮的实施形式中,可以在该飞轮上设置与起动电机联接的齿轮相啮合的起动器齿圈。
电机可以作为发动机或发电机工作。由此也可以提供“电动的制动器”功能,亦即在机动车的惯性行驶中,在也就是说既不操纵加速踏板也不操作制动踏板时可以利用电机的发电运行来产生电能。内燃机在这种状态下断开,因为其转速在所述的状况下一般低于驱动轴的转速。
电机可以直接地或间接地以能起到有效驱动作用的方式与辅助机组连接,以便运行该辅助机组。
附图说明
下列纯例示性地根据有利的实施形式并且参照附图阐述本发明。附图中:
图1至图6示出了按本发明的传动系的不同实施形式。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有电机12和内燃机14的传动系10a。电机12通过逆变器16与蓄电池18连接并且可以视运行状态而定地给蓄电池18充电或由该蓄电池18供应能量以便驱动机动车。
传动系10a用于驱动机动车的轴的车轮20。车轮20通过差速传动机构22和变速箱24与驱动轴26连接。
为了将驱动扭矩从电机12传递到驱动轴26上,设置与电机12的输出轴28联接的皮带轮30,该皮带轮30又通过皮带32与飞轮34联接。飞轮34通过起动件36有选择地与一个与驱动轴26联接的扭转减震器38连接。
在起动机动车时,仅通过电机12提供所需的驱动力矩,该驱动力矩经由轴28、皮带轮30和皮带32传递到飞轮34上。在闭合的起动件36中,机动车可以以分别选择的变速箱24档位运动。若现在在更高速度时需要附加的驱动扭矩,则接入内燃机14。为了这个目的,激活起动内燃机14的起动电机40。因为内燃机14和飞轮34不是一直联接的,所以内燃机14首先与传动系10a的其余部件无关地运行。直到内燃机14和与它联接的飞轮42达到所需转速时,才通过超速离合装置44自动地建立飞轮42,34之间的联接(并因此最终建立在内燃机14与驱动轴26之间的联接)。超速离合装置44在此设计成,使得在内燃机14“领先于”电机12之后才建立飞轮34,42的联接,亦即,在内燃机14的转速至少与电机12的转速一样大时才建立联接。
可以使用不同种类的超速离合装置,包括例如夹紧件、止动爪、齿盘或环形弹簧。具体使用哪种结构形式取决于在传动系10a中的预期条件和载荷要求和可供使用的结构空间,等等。
图1示出,传统的传动系可以以简单的方式变为传动系10a。只需要给部件12、16和18提供结构空间以及用由飞轮34,42和超速离合装置44组成的离合器装置46作为通常的起动件-扭转减震器-组合的补充。
在机器12、14并排布置时获得紧凑的结构形式,以便它们的旋转轴线平行地延伸。在该结构形式中,内燃机14和飞轮34,42以及超速离合装置44共轴地布置。离合器装置46(从空间上和从功能上看都)位于内燃机14与变速箱24之间。
还从图1中得知,飞轮34具有比飞轮42更小的半径。最后这应当表明,飞轮42的惯性力矩比飞轮34的惯性力矩更大,因为由内燃机14产生的转动均匀度明显比电机12产生的转动均匀度更大。相反,飞轮34可以设计得更紧凑,这导致在纯电驱动的机动车的情况下效率提高,因为在机动车加速时只需克服飞轮34较小的质量惯性。
图2示出传动系10b,该传动系10b与传动系10a的区别在于,电机12通过第二皮带32′与辅助机组48,48'连接,以便给该辅助机组提供驱动扭矩。显然,代替单独的皮带32,32'可以使用唯一一个环绕的皮带,该皮带使电机12既与飞轮34连接,又与辅助机组48,48'连接。
在传动系10b的变型中,在图3中所示的传动系10c的起动电机40不通过在内燃机14的远离飞轮42的一侧的皮带传动装置与飞轮42联接。在本构方案中,起动电机40直接地与飞轮42共同作用,以便在需要时起动内燃机14。为此目的,在飞轮42上安设起动齿圈,该起动齿圈与可由起动电机40驱动的齿轮相啮合。
图4示出传动系10c的变型10d,其中,辅助机组48,48'不仅与电机12联接,还通过连接装置50与变速箱24联接。
图5示出就离合器装置46的结构方案而言基本上与传动系10a至10d相应的传动系10e。但电机12通过辅助轴52借助离合器54有选择地与辅助机组48联接。此外,离合器54使内燃机14能够通过电机12起动。
传动系的实施形式10f与图6中所示的传动系10e的不同尤其在于,代替辅助轴52设置电机12的第二输出轴28',该第二输出轴28'(通过离合器54)用于起动内燃机14或运行辅助机组48。
前面描述的传动系的实施形式10a至10f共同点是,电机的优点与内燃机的优点以简单的方式在一个传动系中结合,而不必在传统的传动系的基本结构中进行大量改动。通过离合器装置46能够以有效的方式集成电机12,该离合器装置46还能够使内燃机14一旦达到合适的转速就可靠并且有效地联接到传动系10a至10f中。该联接通过超速离合装置44自动地进行,以便将故障的出现减至最小。
传动系10a至10f也使机动车能够纯电驱动,其中,机动车的续航里程与蓄电池18的电容有关。此外,可以提供比在传统的系统中更舒适并且效率更高的起动停止功能。此外,还可以使用电机12直接地为辅助机组48,48'提供驱动扭矩。在一定的运行状态中,该电机12也可以作为发电机工作,以便给蓄电池18充电并且给辅助机组48,48'供应电能。
电机12也可以用作电动的制动器,以便利用机动车的减速度产生电能。在惯性行驶时,内燃机14转动得比驱动轴26更慢,以保证超速离合装置44用于飞轮34,42分离。因此,驱动轴26的扭矩只传递给将该扭矩转变为电能的电机12。
附图标记列表
10a,10b,10c,10d,10e,10f传动系
12电机
14内燃机
16逆变器
18蓄电池
20车轮
22差速传动机构
24变速箱
26驱动轴
28,28'输出轴
30皮带轮
32,32'皮带
34飞轮
36起动件
38扭转减震器
40起动电机
42飞轮
44超速离合装置
46离合器装置
48,48'辅助机组
50连接装置
52辅助轴
54离合器
Claims (14)
1.一种机动车的传动系,其具有内燃机(14)、电机(12)和离合器装置(46),所述离合器装置(46)包括为所述内燃机(14)对应配设的第一离合单元(42)和为所述电机(12)对应配设的第二离合单元(34),并且所述内燃机(14)和/或所述电机(12)能通过所述离合器装置(46)与用于驱动所述机动车的至少一个车轮(20)的一个共同的驱动轴(26)以能起到有效驱动作用的方式连接,其中,所述第一离合单元(42)和所述第二离合单元(34)是单独的部件,所述单独的部件能够根据所述内燃机(14)和所述电机(12)的转速之差通过离合器(44)自动地相互耦合。
2.按权利要求1所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述离合器(44)设计成,使得当所述内燃机(14)的转速基本上大于等于所述电机(12)的转速时,所述第一离合单元(42)与所述第二离合单元(34)以能起到有效驱动作用的方式耦合。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述第一离合单元(42)、所述第二离合单元(34)和/或所述离合器(44)共轴地布置。
4.按前述权利要求至少之一所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述内燃机(14)和/或所述电机(12)与所述第一离合单元(42)和所述第二离合单元(34)共轴地布置。
5.按前述权利要求至少之一所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述电机(12)的旋转轴线与所述内燃机(14)的旋转轴线错开地布置。
6.按前述权利要求至少之一所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述离合器是超速离合装置(44)。
7.按前述权利要求至少之一所述的传动系,其特征在于,第一离合单元是第一飞轮(42),所述第二离合单元是第二飞轮(34),其中,所述第一飞轮(42)和所述第二飞轮(34)具有不同的惯性力矩,其中,尤其是所述第二飞轮(34)的惯性力矩小于所述第一飞轮(42)的惯性力矩。
8.按前述权利要求至少之一所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述电机(12)通过皮带传动装置、链传动装置或齿轮连接装置以能起到有效驱动作用的方式与所述第二离合单元(34)联接和/或所述内燃机(14)通过皮带传动装置、链传动装置或齿轮连接装置以能起到有效驱动作用的方式与所述第一离合单元(42)联接。
9.按前述权利要求至少之一所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述第一离合单元(42)或所述第二离合单元(34)通过起动件(36),尤其是离合器和/或扭振减震器装置(38)与所述驱动轴(26)连接。
10.按前述权利要求至少之一所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述离合器装置(46)设置在所述传动系的内燃机(14)与变速箱(24)之间。
11.按前述权利要求至少之一所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述传动系具有单独的用于起动所述内燃机(14)的起动电机(40)。
12.按权利要求11所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述起动电机(40)通过所述第一离合单元(42)与所述内燃机(14)联接。
13.按前述权利要求至少之一所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述电机(12)能够作为发动机或发电机工作。
14.按前述权利要求至少之一所述的传动系,其特征在于,所述电机(12)直接地或间接地以能起到有效驱动作用的方式与辅助机组(48,48')连接,以便运行所述辅助机组(48,48')。
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