CN106696676B - 包括模块化传动单元的动力系 - Google Patents

包括模块化传动单元的动力系 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106696676B
CN106696676B CN201610955685.4A CN201610955685A CN106696676B CN 106696676 B CN106696676 B CN 106696676B CN 201610955685 A CN201610955685 A CN 201610955685A CN 106696676 B CN106696676 B CN 106696676B
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transmission unit
rotation
axis
clutch
electric machine
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CN201610955685.4A
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CN106696676A (zh
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A·G·霍姆斯
J·R·利特菲尔德
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

动力系包括传动单元，所述传动单元可为模块化的并且可适用于用作全电动传动单元、输入动力分配传动单元或输入和复合动力分配传动单元。传动单元包括第一行星齿轮组，所述第一行星齿轮组具有均可围绕第一旋转轴线旋转的太阳齿轮构件、环形齿轮构件和行星架构件。传动单元包括第一电机，所述第一电机作为马达可操作并且具有连接成与太阳齿轮构件围绕第一旋转轴线一致地旋转的转子。第一制动器可选择性地接合以将环形齿轮构件接地，第一离合器操作地连接至环形齿轮构件，且输出构件连接成与行星架构件围绕第一旋转轴线一致地旋转。车辆上可使用多个传动单元。

Description

包括模块化传动单元的动力系
技术领域
本教导通常包括具有传动单元的动力系。
背景技术
用于车辆的混合动力系在不同的车辆操作条件下利用不同的动力源。机电混合动力系通常具有内燃机，诸如柴油机或汽油机，和一个或多个马达/发电机。诸如仅发动机操作模式、仅电动操作模式和混合操作模式的不同操作模式是通过以不同组合接合制动器和/或离合器并且控制控制发动机和马达/发电机来建立。各种操作模式是有利的，因为它们可以用于改进燃料经济性。然而，混合动力系所需要的附加部件（诸如马达/发电机、制动器和/或离合器）可增加总的车辆成本和封装空间需求。
发明内容
动力系包括传动单元，所述驱动单元可适用于用作全电动传动单元、输入动力分配传动单元或输入和复合动力分配传动单元。另外，具有一种配置的第一传动单元可适用于驱动车辆的一个车轴，而具有相同或不同配置的第二传动单元可适用于驱动车辆的第二车轴。传动单元可被配置为模块，所述模块使得模块化的公共部件能够单独使用（用作全电动传动单元）或使得其它部件用作输入动力分配或输入和复合动力分配传动单元。另外，多个模块化传动单元可在车辆上使用来驱动各种全轮传动配置中的不同车轴。
传动单元包括第一行星齿轮组，其是具有太阳齿轮构件、环形齿轮构件和行星架构件的简易行星齿轮组，所述行星架构件支撑与环形齿轮构件和太阳齿轮构件二者啮合的多个小齿轮。太阳齿轮构件、环形齿轮构件和行星架构件可围绕第一旋转轴线旋转。传动单元还包括第一电机，其用作马达是可操作的并且具有连接成与太阳齿轮构件围绕第一旋转轴线一致地旋转的转子。第一制动器可选择性地接合以将环形齿轮构件接地，第一离合器操作地连接至环形齿轮构件，且输出构件连接成与行星架构件围绕第一旋转轴线一致地旋转。
在一个实施例中，传动单元是用于全电动从动车轴的全电动传动单元。第一制动器可选择性地接合以通过第一行星齿轮组建立电机与输出构件的减速齿轮比。第一离合器可选择性地接合以将环形齿轮构件连接成与行星架构件和太阳齿轮构件中的一个一致地旋转。第一制动器和第一离合器二者均接合以在停放模式中将第一行星齿轮组保持为固定。
在另一个实施例中，传动单元适用于通过操作地连接具有可围绕第一旋转轴线旋转的曲柄轴的发动机以驱动环形齿轮构件来在输入动力分配装置中使用。第一制动器接合且第一离合器脱离以建立其中仅电机驱动输出构件的电动操作模式。第一制动器和第一离合器二者均脱离以建立输入动力分配操作模式，其中发动机驱动环形齿轮构件且电机被控制成充当马达或发电机。第一离合器以并联混合操作模式接合且第一制动器以并联混合操作模式脱离，其中发动机驱动环形齿轮构件且电机被控制成充当马达或发电机。第一制动器和第一离合器二者均接合以在停放模式中将第一行星齿轮组保持为固定。
在又另一个实施例中，传动单元适用于通过包括第二行星齿轮组来在输入和复合动力分配装置中使用，所述第二行星齿轮组是具有太阳齿轮构件、环形齿轮构件和行星架构件的简易行星齿轮组，所述行星架构件支撑与环形齿轮构件和太阳齿轮构件二者啮合的多个小齿轮。第二行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮构件、第二行星齿轮组的环形齿轮构件和第二行星齿轮组的行星架构件可围绕第一旋转轴线旋转。用作马达是可操作的的第二电机也包括在内并且具有连接成与第二行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮构件围绕第一旋转轴线一致地旋转的转子。互连构件连续地连接第一行星齿轮组的行星架构件以与第二行星齿轮组的行星架构件一致地旋转。具有曲柄轴的发动机操作地连接成驱动第二行星齿轮组的环形齿轮构件。第二制动器可选择性地接合以将第二行星齿轮组的环形齿轮构件接地。第一离合器可选择性地接合以连接第一行星齿轮组的环形齿轮构件以与第二行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮构件一致地旋转。
多个模块化传动单元可用于驱动车辆的不同车轴以诸如提供全轮传动。例如，第一差速器可以被配置为由第一传动单元的输出构件驱动并且可围绕与第一旋转轴线平行并且分开的第二旋转轴线旋转。第二传动单元可以被配置为基本上与所述第一模块相似的第二模块。第二模块可以包括行星齿轮组、电机、制动器、离合器和输出构件，其基本上分别与第一传动单元的第一行星齿轮组、第一电机、第一制动器、第一离合器和输出构件相似并且围绕与所述第一和第二旋转轴线平行并且分开的第三旋转轴线同心。第二差速器可以被配置为由第二传动单元的输出构件驱动并且可围绕与第三旋转轴线平行并且分开的第四旋转轴线旋转。在一个实施例中，第一传动单元和第二传动单元二者均被配置为仅电动传动单元。例如，这种车辆可以是全轮传动电池电动车或全轮传动燃料电池电动车。在另一个实施例中，第一传动单元是输入动力分配传动单元且第二传动单元是全电动传动单元。例如，这种车辆可以是混合动力车辆，诸如插电式混合动力电动车或增程型电动车。
根据用于实行结合附图取得的本教导的最佳模式的以下详述能够容易地明白本教导的上述特征和优点以及其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是动力系的第一实施例的示意图。
图2是根据本教导的替代性方面的动力系的第二实施例的示意图。
图3是根据本教导的替代性方面的动力系的第三实施例的示意图。
图4是根据本教导的动力系的第四实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
参考图式，其中相同参考数字是指全部视图中的相同部件，图1示出了诸如用于车辆的动力系10。动力系10包括传动单元12。如本文所讨论，传动单元12是配置有可适用于用作全电动传动单元、输入动力分配传动单元或输入和复合动力分配传动单元的公共部件的模块。另外，具有一种配置的第一传动单元可适用于驱动车辆的一个车轴，而具有相同或不同配置的第二传动单元可适用于驱动车辆的第二车轴。
在图1中，传动单元12被配置为仅具有单个动力源的全电动传动单元，所述动力源是单个电机（在本文称为第一电机14），被配置为用作马达且在电池充电的电机14的情况中还选用地操作为发电机。转子轮毂15支撑电机14的转子16使得转子16可围绕第一旋转轴线17旋转。电机14的定子18保持固定（即，不可旋转）在固定构件19上。例如，固定构件19可以是模块化壳体19，在模块化壳体19的内侧封装有传动单元12的部件使得所述部件各自围绕第一旋转轴线同心。模块化壳体19可以具有多个壳体部分。
全电动传动单元12包括单个行星齿轮组，其在本文称为第一行星齿轮组20。第一行星齿轮组20是具有太阳齿轮构件22、环形齿轮构件24和行星架构件26的简易行星齿轮组，所述行星架构件26支撑与环形齿轮构件24和太阳齿轮构件22二者啮合的多个小齿轮27。太阳齿轮构件22、环形齿轮构件24和行星架构件26可围绕第一旋转轴线17旋转。转子16连接成与太阳齿轮构件22围绕第一旋转轴线17一致地旋转。更具体地，转子轮毂15和太阳齿轮构件22均安装在轴29上并且与轴29一致地旋转，所述轴29具有与旋转轴线17重合的纵向轴线。当转子16用作马达时，转子16驱动第一轴29。
传动单元12包括第一制动器B1，其可选择性地接合以将环形齿轮构件24接地至固定构件19（称为低档位状态）。传动单元12还包括第一离合器C1，其操作地连接至环形齿轮构件24并且可选择性地接合以建立第一行星齿轮组20的直接传动转矩比（称为高档位状态）。直接传动比是1:1齿轮比，其中第一行星齿轮组20承载转矩而不产生转矩减小或转矩倍增。因而，传动单元12称为双速电动传动单元。传动单元12的双速功能性允许电机14与通过行星齿轮组20仅可使用一个转矩比相比更好地优化动力和尺寸。在直接传动比（高档位状态）中，低于低档位状态中的马达速度能够用于高速巡航。
第一轮毂30与第一轴29同心并且从行星架构件26轴向地延伸至第一离合器C1的第一部分。第一轮毂30还从行星架构件26朝电机14轴向地延伸，并且支撑输出构件34，所述输出构件34安装成与第一轮毂30围绕第一旋转轴线17一致地旋转。第一轮毂30是与第一轴29同心并且包围第一轴29的套轴。第二轮毂32与第一轮毂30同心并且包围第一轮毂30作为套筒。第二轮毂32从环形齿轮构件24轴向地延伸并且可与环形齿轮构件24一致地旋转。因为第一轴29延伸穿过套轴30且第一轴29不必是套轴，所以本文所讨论的相对较小的轴承58、60可用于支撑轴29，这实现了转子16的相对较高速度。较小的轴承与较大的轴承相比降低了成本和自旋损耗。
当第一离合器C1接合时，第一轮毂部分30连接成与第二轮毂部分32一致地旋转使得环形齿轮构件24和行星架构件26一致地旋转，从而导致行星齿轮组20以直接传动比锁定。本领域技术人员将容易理解的是，当简易行星齿轮组的太阳齿轮构件、环形齿轮构件和行星架构件中的任何两个连接成一致地旋转或接地时，导致太阳齿轮构件、行星架构件和环形齿轮构件中的每一个一致地旋转或接地。因此，在本教导的范围内的替代性实施例中，离合器C1可被配置为可选择性地接合以将环形齿轮构件24连接至太阳齿轮构件22以同样通过行星齿轮组20产生直接传动比。
在所示的实施例中，输出构件34轴向地定位在转子16与第一行星齿轮组20之间，第一行星齿轮组20轴向地定位在输出构件34与第一离合器C1之间，且第一制动器B1从环形齿轮构件24中直接径向地向外设置。通过将第一离合器C1定位最靠近传动单元12的轴向端36而非将行星齿轮组20或输出构件34定位在轴向端36处，传动单元12可容易适用于连接至附加部件并且结合附加部件使用以建立不同操作模式。轴向端36是第二轮毂32的轴部分。例如，图1以虚线示出了可设置在轴向端36上或容易地安装至轴向端36的法兰37和转矩减震器38。另外，通过利用行星齿轮组20而非正齿轮系，针对给定的总体期望转矩比变化将轴向和径向空间需求最小化。通过从环形齿轮构件24中直接径向地向外封装制动器B1，将轴向空间需求进一步最小化。
动力系10包括车轴A，其包括可围绕与第一旋转轴线17平行并且分开的第二旋转轴线40旋转的第一半轴A1和第二半轴A2。分动齿轮41与输出构件34啮合并且可围绕第二旋转轴线40旋转。
差速器42被配置为由输出构件34驱动并且驱动地连接至半轴A1、A2。差速器42包括可围绕第二旋转轴线40旋转的差速器壳体44。小齿轮46与壳体44一致地旋转并且与设置成分别与第一车轴部分A1和第二车轴部分A2一致地旋转的侧齿轮48A、48B啮合。输出构件34可以称为第一传递构件，且分动齿轮41可以称为第二传递构件，其连同第一传递构件一起将来自可围绕第一旋转轴线17旋转的部件的转矩传递至可围绕第二旋转轴线40旋转的部件。总之，传递构件34、41是偏移分动传动装置。差速器42可以封装在传动单元壳体19的部分内或安装至传动单元壳体19的单独壳体内。
控制器52（在图1中标记为C）操作地连接至电机14并且监测转子16的速度。控制器52还接收关于其它车辆操作条件（诸如驾驶员加速器命令）的信息，并且可操作地通过电力逆变器54（在图1中标记为I）将来自能量存储装置50的电能提供至电机14以导致电机14用作马达，从而给太阳齿轮构件22增加转矩。当对电机14提供电力时，电力逆变器54将能量存储装置50的直流转换为交流。如果由控制器52接收的信息指示电机14应当操作为发电机，从而将机械能转换为电能，那么控制器52可操作地导致电机14用作发电机，且在电池作为能量存储装置的情况中，导致电力逆变器54将从电机14提供的交流转换为存储在能量存储装置50中的直流。对于所示的实施例，能量存储装置50可为电池或燃料电池中的任一种。图1中连接电机14、能量存储装置50、控制器52、逆变器54和定子18的定子绕组的线表示用于中继部件之间的电流或信号传递导体。动力系10仅需要八个轴承。六个轴承是球轴承58且两个轴承是针轴承60。
具有全电动传动单元12的动力系10具有四种不同的操作模式并且在两种操作模式中向车轴A提供原动力。在第一操作模式（称为低档位）中，第一制动器B1接合且电机14被控制成用作马达以通过第一行星齿轮组20建立电机14与输出构件34的减速齿轮比（即，转矩倍增）。第一离合器C1并未接合。
在第二操作模式中，第一制动器B1和第一离合器C1二者均脱离。行星齿轮组20无法传递转矩，且电机14因此无法操作地连接至车轴A。第二操作模式可因此称为空档操作模式，因为电机14可关闭或可用作马达但是不产生转矩传递。
在第三操作模式中，第一制动器B1脱离且第一离合器C1接合，从而建立电机14与输出构件34的直接传动比。电机14被控制成用作马达。
在第四操作模式中，第一制动器B1和第一离合器C1接合。这导致整个行星齿轮组20在又称为锁定模式的停放模式中保持固定。车轴A因此也随着输出构件34或分动齿轮41均无法旋转而保持固定。
如果容忍中断动力，那么操作模式之间的转变可通过脱离状态而同步。替代地，这些转变可在第一离合器C1被配置为以受控方式滑移时发生动力偏移（即，接合但不同步），且第一制动器B1也可以受控方式滑移或是可选择的单向制动离合器。
图2示出了包括如关于图1所示且所述的相同传动单元12的动力系110的实施例，其中还增加了（i）具有可围绕第一旋转轴线17旋转并且操作地连接以驱动环形齿轮构件24的曲柄轴66的发动机64以及选用地可选择地接合以将分动齿轮41连接成与差速器壳体44一致地旋转的附接离合器C0。曲柄轴66可操作地连接以经由安装在曲柄轴66上并且（诸如但不限于利用螺栓）可固定至法兰37的法兰68与环形齿轮构件24一起旋转。动力系110还可以选用地包括以虚线所示的起动马达70，其经由动力传动系72操作地连接至曲柄轴66，所述动力传动系72可以是皮带和带轮、齿轮系、链和链轮或其它。
因为动力系110具有两个不同的动力源（如讨论般设置的电机14和发动机64），所以其可称为输入动力分配动力系且传动单元12在其中使用时称为输入动力分配传动单元。动力系110具有四种不同的操作模式并且在三种操作模式中向车轴A提供原动力。在第一操作模式（称为仅电动操作模式）中，电机14用作马达，发动机64关闭，第一制动器B1接合且第一离合器C1脱离以建立其中仅电机14驱动输出构件34的电动操作模式。如果提供附加离合器C0，那么其接合。
在第二操作模式（称为输入动力分配模式）中，第一制动器B1和第一离合器C1二者均脱离，发动机64启动并且驱动环形齿轮构件24，且控制器52控制电机14以根据需要用作马达或发电机来向发动机64提供输出构件34处的期望速度。如果提供另外的离合器C0，那么其接合。由于第一制动器B1和第一离合器C1二者均脱离，行星齿轮组20充当差速器传动装置来组合转子16和曲柄轴66的速度以提供输出构件34处的速度。
在第三操作模式（称为并联混合操作模式或巡航齿轮）中，第一离合器C1接合，第一制动器B1脱离，发动机64驱动环形齿轮构件24，且电机14根据需要而控制成用作马达或发电机来向发动机64提供输出构件34处的期望速度。如果提供附加离合器C0，那么其接合。由于第一离合器C1接合，行星齿轮组20具有直接传动比，且转子16和曲柄轴66二者均以相同速度旋转以提供平行于输出构件34的转矩。
在第四操作模式中，第一制动器B1和第一离合器C1二者均接合来以又称为锁定模式的停放模式将第一行星齿轮组20保持固定。如果提供附加离合器C0，那么其也是接合的使得车轴A保持固定。
如果提供起动马达70，那么其可用于在从仅电动操作模式至动力分配操作模式的转变中起动发动机64，其中随着起动马达70起动发动机64，第一制动器B1脱离（即，释放）。替代地，发动机64可在从仅电动操作模式至动力分配操作模式的转变中通过将第一制动器B1脱离并且将第一离合器C1滑移来起动。当发动机64起动时，离合器C1可以脱离以进入输入动力分配操作模式或接合以进入并联混合操作模式。如果提供附加离合器C0，那么其可以在发动机起动期间脱离以允许同步，且接着C1离合器接合（而非滑移）以用于发动机起动。
为了从动力分配操作模式转变为并联混合操作模式，第一离合器C1的接合可通过控制器52控制转子16的速度以将行星架构件26和环形齿轮构件24的速度同步来完成，且此后接合第一离合器C1而不滑移并同时仍然在输出构件34处提供期望速度。替代地，如果第一离合器C1被配置为能够以受控方式滑移，那么第一离合器C1可由控制器52控制以滑移并同时接合以使环形齿轮构件24的速度与行星架构件26的速度相同。转变还可延迟成以动力分配模式中可用的较高发动机速度和发电来完成对能量存储装置50的充电。
在其中能量存储装置50是电池的实施例中，在并联混合操作模式期间（即，当第一离合器C1接合且第一制动器B1脱离时）的某些操作条件下，附加离合器C0可脱离且电机14可控制成运行为发动机以对能量存储装置50再充电。
图3示出了安装在示例性车辆211上的动力系210的替代性实施例。动力系210包括安装在第一车轴A（示为车辆211的前车轴）上的动力系110以及安装在第二车轴B（示为车辆211的后车轴）上的动力系10。第二车轴B包括两个半轴B1、B2。因此，动力系210包括可用作全轮传动装置（即，双车轴传动装置）中的动力源的两个相同电机14和一个发动机64。连接至发动机64以驱动第一车轴A的传动单元12被配置为第一模块，且连接至第二车轴B以驱动第二车轴B的传动单元12被配置为与第一模块相同的第二模块。电机14操作地连接至单个能量存储装置50以及连接至每个电机14的单独马达控制器电力逆变器模块（各自包括控制器52和电力逆变器54）或可连接至单个控制器。前轮76安装成与前车轴A一起旋转，且后轮78安装成与后车轴B一起旋转。第二传动单元12围绕第三旋转轴线217是同心的。第二车轴B围绕第四旋转轴线240是同心的，所述第四旋转轴线240与第三旋转轴线217平行并且分开。包括在动力系10中的差速器42称为第二差速器并且被配置为由第二传动单元12的输出构件34驱动，且驱动地连接至第二车轴B的第一半轴B1和第二半轴B2。
动力系210可操作地提供三种不同的全轮传动操作模式。在第一混合全轮传动操作模式中，发动机64启动，第一车轴A处的第一传动单元12以如关于图2描述的输入动力分配操作模式操作（即，第一制动器B1和第一离合器C1二者均脱离）以利用操作为向第二车轴B处的第二传动单元12提供电能的发电机的第一传动单元12的第一电机14来驱动第一车轴A。第二传动单元12被控制成以仅电动操作模式操作，其中第二传动单元12的电机14被控制成用作马达以使用从第一传动单元12提供的电能来驱动第二车轴B。鉴于输入动力分配传动单元可以具有通过分动齿轮34、41的最终传动比，此配置可有利于产生性能所需要的总输出转矩大小，所述最终传动比具有相对较低输出转矩以确保高速巡航期间的有效发动机操作。
在第二全轮传动操作模式中，发动机64启动，第一车轴A处的第一传动单元12以如关于图2描述的并联混合操作模式操作（其中第一制动器B1脱离且第一离合器C1接合）以利用用作马达或发电机的第一传动单元12的第一电机14来驱动第一车轴A，且第二车轴B处的第二传动单元12在低档位（即，以输出构件34与转子16的减速比）中以仅电动操作模式（制动器B1接合且离合器C1脱离）或以直接传动中的仅电动操作模式（即，制动器B1脱离且离合器C1接合）操作。
在第三全轮传动操作模式中，发动机64关闭且第一和第二传动单元12的电机14被控制成用作马达，其中在第一传动单元12和第二传动单元12二者中，第一制动器B1接合且第一离合器C1脱离。
如关于图2所述，动力系110可被控制成使离合器C1滑移以在从仅电动操作模式至输入动力分配操作模式的转变中起动发动机64。另外，第一传动单元12的电机14可被控制成用作发电机以如关于图2所述般对能量存储装置50再充电。
图4示出了具有包括如所示的传动单元12的所有部件的传动单元312的动力系310的另一个实施例。动力系310称为输入和复合动力分配传动单元312并且包括三个动力源（即，两个电机14、314和发动机64）。传动单元312包括电机14、行星齿轮组20、第一制动器B1和第一离合器C1，且输出构件34操作地连接以经由差速器42驱动第一车轴A。另外，传动单元312还包括第二行星齿轮组80，其是具有太阳齿轮构件82、环形齿轮构件84和行星架构件86的简易行星齿轮组，所述行星架构件86支撑与环形齿轮构件84和太阳齿轮构件82二者啮合的多个小齿轮87。第二行星齿轮组80的太阳齿轮构件82、第二行星齿轮组80的环形齿轮构件84和第二行星齿轮组80的行星架构件86可围绕第一旋转轴线17旋转。
动力系310包括用作马达是可操作的并且具有转子316的第二电机314，所述转子316连接成与第二行星齿轮组80的太阳齿轮构件82围绕第一旋转轴线17一致地旋转。第二电机314还具有接地至模块壳体319的定子318，所述模块壳体319包括与模块壳体19相同的部件，其中壳体319的附加部分19B连接成径向地包围第二电机34和第二行星齿轮组80。
互连构件88连续地连接第一行星齿轮组20的行星架构件26以与第二行星齿轮组80的行星架构件86一致地旋转。第二制动器B2可选择性地接合以将第二行星齿轮组80的环形齿轮构件84接地至壳体319。第一离合器C1可选择性地接合以连接第一行星齿轮组20的环形齿轮构件24以与第二行星齿轮组80的太阳齿轮构件82一致地旋转。更具体地，第一离合器C1可接合成连接第二轮毂部分32以与包围互连构件88的套轴90一致地旋转。转子轮毂315支撑转子316并且安装至套轴90以与套轴90一致地旋转。太阳齿轮构件82也安装至套轴90以与套轴90一致地旋转。发动机64的曲柄轴66操作地连接以驱动第二行星齿轮组80的环形齿轮构件84。动力系310仅需要10个轴承58、60，其包括包围转子16的轴29的最小尺寸的轴承。自旋损耗和成本由于此原因而相对较低。
动力系310可以其中发动机64启动的四种不同的混合操作模式以及其中发动机64关闭的三种不同的仅电动操作模式来操作。第一混合操作模式是称为动力分配模式1的第一动力分配操作模式，其中第一制动器B1接合、第一离合器C1和第二制动器B2脱离，发动机64启动，且第一电机14和第二电机314中的每一个被控制成用作马达或发电机。在动力分配模式1中，发动机64与输出构件34的有效转矩比归因于通过行星齿轮组20的第一电机14的转矩的贡献而受行星齿轮组20、80二者的转矩比影响。
动力系310可以称为虚拟齿轮的第二混合操作模式来操作，其中第一制动器B1、第二制动器B2和第一离合器C1均未接合，发动机64启动，且第二电机314被控制成将第二行星齿轮组80的太阳齿轮构件82保持固定。由于太阳齿轮构件82保持固定，可以由第二行星齿轮组80建立的转矩比发生从发动机64通过第二行星齿轮组80至输出构件34的转矩流。
动力系310可以并联混合操作模式（又称为固定齿轮混合操作模式）来操作，其中第一制动器B1和第一离合器C1接合，第二制动器B2脱离，且发动机64启动以使用行星齿轮组20、80二者建立发动机64与输出构件34的转矩比，且其中发动机64驱动第二环形齿轮构件84且第一电机14充当马达或发电机。
动力系310可以称为动力分配模式2的第二动力分配操作模式来操作，其中第一制动器B1和第二制动器B2脱离、第一离合器C1接合，发动机64启动，且第一电机14和第二电机314中的每一个被控制成充当马达或发电机。
动力系310可以其中发动机64关闭的三种仅电动操作模式来操作。例如，动力系310可以单马达的仅电动操作模式来操作，其中第二制动器B2接合，第一制动器B1和第一离合器C1脱离，且第二电机314用作马达以按照由第二行星齿轮组80建立的齿轮比来驱动输出构件34。因为第一制动器B1和第一离合器C1脱离，所以第一行星齿轮组20是不活动的，且第一电机14无法用来影响速度比。
动力系310可以第一双马达仅电动操作模式（M1）来操作，其中第一制动器B1和第二制动器B2接合，第一离合器C1脱离，且第一电机14和第二电机314二者均用作马达以按照由第一行星齿轮组20和第二行星齿轮组80二者建立的齿轮比来驱动输出构件34。
动力系310可以第二双马达仅电动操作模式（M2）来操作，其中第一离合器C1和第二制动器B2接合，第一制动器B1脱离，且第一电机14和第二电机314二者均用作马达以驱动输出构件34。
为了在模式之间转变，动力系310可被控制成通过虚拟齿轮或固定齿轮来转变。推进和再生能力是通过转变来维持。
因此，在本教导的范围内，动力系10、110、210或310包括至少一个模块化传动单元12，其具有第一行星齿轮组20（其中太阳齿轮构件22、环形齿轮构件24和行星架构件26全部可围绕第一旋转轴线17旋转）；第一电机14，其用作马达是可操作的并且具有连接成与太阳齿轮构件22围绕第一旋转轴线17旋转的转子15；第一制动器B1，其可选择性地接合以将环形齿轮构件24接地；第一离合器C1，其操作地连接至环形齿轮构件24；以及输出构件34，其连接成与行星架构件26围绕第一旋转轴线17一致地旋转。以此方式配置的传动单元12可适用于成为以下项中的每一个：（i）如图1中所示的仅电动传动单元、如图2中所示的输入动力分配传动单元，以及（iii）如图4中所示的输入和复合动力分配传动单元。另外，两个传动单元可在配置诸如图3中所示的全轮传动动力系时使用，所述两个传动单元是（例如）被配置为操作地连接至第一传动车轴A的输入动力分配传动单元的第一模块化传动单元12和被配置为操作地连接至第二传动车轴B的仅电动传动单元的第二模块化传动单元12。
虽然已详细地描述了用于实行本教导的许多方面的最佳模式，但是这些教导所属的本领域技术人员将认识到用于实践本教导的各种替代方面是在随附权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种动力系，其包括：
第一传动单元，其被配置为第一模块，并包括：
第一行星齿轮组；其中所述第一行星齿轮组是具有太阳齿轮构件、环形齿轮构件和行星架构件的简易行星齿轮组，所述行星架构件支撑与所述环形齿轮构件和所述太阳齿轮构件二者啮合的多个小齿轮；其中所述太阳齿轮构件、所述环形齿轮构件和所述行星架构件可围绕第一旋转轴线旋转；
第一电机，其用作马达是可操作的，并且具有连接成与所述太阳齿轮构件围绕所述第一旋转轴线一致地旋转的转子；
第一制动器，其可选择性地接合以将所述环形齿轮构件接地；
第一离合器，其操作地连接至所述环形齿轮构件；
输出构件，其连接成与所述行星架构件围绕所述第一旋转轴线一致地旋转；
第一差速器，其被配置为由所述输出构件驱动并且可围绕与所述第一旋转轴线平行并且分开的第二旋转轴线旋转；
第二传动单元，其被配置为基本上与所述第一模块相似的第二模块并且包括：
行星齿轮组、电机、制动器、离合器和输出构件，其基本上分别与所述第一传动单元的所述第一行星齿轮组、所述第一电机、所述第一制动器、所述第一离合器和所述输出构件相似并且围绕与所述第一和第二旋转轴线平行并且分开的第三旋转轴线同心；以及
第二差速器，其被配置为由所述第二传动单元的所述输出构件驱动并且可围绕与所述第三旋转轴线平行并且分开的第四旋转轴线旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力系，其进一步包括：
发动机，其具有可围绕所述第一旋转轴线旋转的曲柄轴并且操作地连接以驱动所述第一传动单元的所述第一行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮构件；
其中所述动力系可操作地提供全轮传动操作模式，其中所述发动机启动，所述第一传动模块以输入动力分配操作模式来操作使得所述第一电机向所述第二传动单元提供电能，且所述第二传动单元以仅电动操作模式来操作，其中所述第二传动单元的所述电机使用从所述第一传动单元提供的电能来驱动所述第二传动单元的所述输出构件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的动力系，其进一步包括：
附加离合器，其围绕所述第二旋转轴线同心并且可选择性地接合以将所述第一传动单元的所述输出构件与所述第一差速器操作地连接；并且
其中所述第一传动单元的所述第一制动器脱离，所述第一离合器滑移，且所述第一传动单元的所述第一电机运行为马达以在从所述仅电动操作模式至所述输入动力分配操作模式的转变中起动所述发动机。
4.根据权利要求2所述的动力系，其进一步包括：
附加离合器，其围绕所述第二旋转轴线同心并且可选择性地接合以将所述第一传动单元的所述输出构件与所述第一差速器操作地连接；
能量存储装置，其操作地连接至所述第一传动单元的所述第一电机；以及
其中所述第一传动单元的所述第一制动器和所述附加离合器脱离，所述第一离合器接合，所述发动机启动，且所述第一电机被控制成用作发电机以对所述能量存储装置再充电。
5.根据权利要求1所述的动力系，其中所述第一和第二传动单元的所述电机是唯一动力源，其可操作地驱动述第一和第二传动单元的所述输出构件使得所述动力系是全电动动力系。
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