CN106660441B - 用于机动车的混合传动系 - Google Patents

用于机动车的混合传动系 Download PDF

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CN106660441B
CN106660441B CN201580047742.2A CN201580047742A CN106660441B CN 106660441 B CN106660441 B CN 106660441B CN 201580047742 A CN201580047742 A CN 201580047742A CN 106660441 B CN106660441 B CN 106660441B
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clutch
gear
electric machine
differential
hybrid drive
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CN106660441A (zh
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F.米勒
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的混合传动系(1,2,3)，带有内燃机，带有电机(4)，带有差速器(7,8)，其中为了启动内燃机电机(4)可通过第一离合器(30)功能上有效地与内燃机联结。节省结构空间的、成本适宜的以及简单的混合化通过以下方式提供，即电机(4)可通过第二离合器(41)与差速器(7,8)联结。

Description

用于机动车的混合传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的混合传动系(Hybridantriebsstrang，有时称为混合动力传动系统)，带有内燃机，带有电机，带有差速器，其中为了启动所述内燃机所述电机可通过第一离合器功能上有效地与所述内燃机联结。
背景技术
从文件DE 36 36 286 A1中已知一种用于机动车即用于摩托车的传动系。摩托车具有内燃机和电机(E-Maschine)。内燃机在此用于在向前行驶期间驱动摩托车。电机能够在两个转动方向上运行。电机一方面用作为用于启动内燃机的起动马达。因此利用电机能够启动内燃机。电机的输出轴(Abtriebswelle)承载单向离合器(Einwegkupplung)，该单向离合器在起动方向上传递转矩然而在相反的方向上不传递转矩。该单向离合器构造为启动抓(Andrehklaue)。形成单向离合器的输出侧的起动小齿轮(Anlasserritzel)与被驱动的起动齿轮(Anlasserzahnrad)啮合。起动齿轮和内燃机的曲轴单件式地制造。电机另一方面在摩托车的倒行期间用作驱动器。倒档齿轮与电机的输出轴单件式地构造，该倒档齿轮关联于倒档。
从文件US 7,690,280 B2中已知一种用于机动车的混合传动系组件。混合传动系具有内燃机、电机以及差速器。内燃机驱动曲轴。曲轴与飞轮并且与减振元件连接。电机具有转子和定子并且布置成平行地与曲轴的轴线间隔开。电机能够用于启动内燃机。转子通过链条驱动以毂形件的形式的中间元件。毂形件共轴于曲轴布置。毂形件可通过第一离合器与内燃机连接并且可通过第二离合器与变速器输入轴连接。毂形件具有外齿圈，其中外齿圈与第一离合器处于连接。毂形件此外具有内齿圈，该内齿圈与第二离合器处于转动连接中。
从此类的文件EP 2 556 978 A1中已知一种用于机动车的混合传动系。混合传动系具有内燃机、电机以及用于提供两个不同的档位的变速器组件。内燃机和电机与变速器组件联结。电机和内燃机通过正齿轮组与变速器组件的变速器输入轴联结。混合传动系此外具有差速器，其中差速器与变速器组件的输出部联结。借助于差速器驱动功率可分配到两个车轴(Achswelle，有时称为半轴)上。电机布置成共轴于差速器的车轴中的一个。差速器的该一个车轴在此引导通过空心的转子轴。转子轴借助于相应的支承件可转动地支承在车轴的区段上。由于转子轴实施为可转动地被支承的空心轴，因而电机不是直接地而是通过变速器组件与差速器联结。内燃机和电机在轴向的方向上布置在差速器的相同的侧边上。正齿轮组具有三个齿轮。第一齿轮与变速器输入轴固定地连接。第二齿轮与电机有效地连接。第三齿轮可通过第一离合器与内燃机的曲轴联结。由此内燃机能够与第三齿轮断开联结或与该第三齿轮连接。内燃机能够联动(mitschleppen)电机，以为了使电机相应地作为发电机运行。在纯粹的电动机的驱动中内燃机通过第一离合器优选地与第三齿轮断开联结，以便电机不必联动内燃机。第一离合器通过自由轮机构(Freilauf，有时称为单向离合器)形成。自由轮机构构造成可切换的，从而借助于促动器自由轮机构的转换是可能的，即从空转运行(Freilaufbetrieb)转换到刚性地联结的运行中。在纯粹内燃机的驱动中电机的转子联动。为了启动内燃机电机可功能上有效地与内燃机联结。
但是此类的混合传动系还未最优化地构造，尤其因为相应的构件的布置和构造需要大的结构空间。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，如此设计和改进此类的混合传动系，即使得提供节省结构空间的、成本适宜的以及简单的混合化。
作为本发明的基础的任务现在通过如下混合传动系解决：该混合传动系带有内燃机，带有电机，带有差速器，其中为了启动所述内燃机所述电机可通过第一离合器功能上有效地与所述内燃机联结，所述电机可通过第二离合器与所述差速器联结，其中所述电机通过所述第二离合器可与差速器罩壳抗扭地联结，并且所述第一离合器在输出侧驱动齿轮，其中所述齿轮与起动齿轮处于啮合的接合中，其中所述起动齿轮和所述齿轮布置在干室中，其中所述电机、两个离合器以及所述差速器布置在湿室中。现在设置有两个离合器。电机可通过第一离合器与起动齿轮连接。电机可通过第二离合器与差速器联结。通过第二离合器电机可与差速器罩壳抗扭地(drehfest，有时称为不可相对转动地)联结。差速器能够例如构造为正齿轮差速器或构造为锥形齿轮差速器。电机能够通过两个离合器可选地与起动齿轮或差速器罩壳连接。电机优选地通过行星齿轮传动级与第一和第二离合器连接。由此也可设想能够利用尺寸设计成小的电机施加相应的转矩以用于启动内燃机。由此可设想的是，通过闭合第二离合器至少在低的行驶速度中提供纯粹电的行驶运行。对于马达能够尤其存在例如i=11的总传动比。总传动比由行星齿轮传动机构的传动比以及起动齿轮到启动器齿圈(Starterkranz)的传动比形成。带有18Nm的电机能够在此施加大约200Nm的转矩以用于可靠的内燃机启动。
借助于差速器功率流可功能上有效地分配到两个车轴上。电机在此尤其布置成共轴于差速器的车轴中的一个。由此使紧凑的结构形式成为可能。节省结构空间的组件优选地通过以下方式得出，即电机布置成与两个车轴同心。在一种简单的设计方案中对此电机的转子能够可转动地支承在中间轴上，其中中间轴将车轴中的一个与差速器连接。第二离合器在此在输出侧与差速器罩壳抗扭地联结，其中差速器罩壳承载相应的平衡齿轮(Ausgleichsrad，有时称为差速齿轮)例如锥形齿轮或诸如此类。通过闭合第二离合器差速器可直接地被驱动。电机能够尤其是48伏特电机。该电机一方面可用作启动器并且提供另外的混合功能。在此选择的电机能够尤其代替传统的皮带启动器发电机(Riemensstartergenerator)使用。与皮带启动器发电机相比得出这样的优点，即可得到消耗优点，并且相应的曲轴支承件不通过皮带应力被加载。混合传动系组件具有良好的回收潜力，因为内燃机不必联动。
第一和/或第二离合器能够构造为湿式运行的摩擦离合器。两个离合器和差速器能够布置在共同的油室中。油室在此也能够延伸到电机的区域中。因此当电机驱动相应的差速器时，转动的构件的相应的润滑成为可能。第一离合器在输出侧尤其具有布置在干室中的输出齿轮。输出齿轮与布置在干室中的起动齿轮处于啮合的接合中。起动齿轮和输出齿轮布置在干室中。在内燃机驱动曲轴期间，起动齿轮优选地通过(起动齿轮-)自由轮机构与内燃机断开联结。由此降低了干式运行的起动齿轮和干式运行的输出齿轮的负载。电机能够在较高的行驶速度中在内燃机的运行期间断开联结。因为起动齿轮在此一方面通过第一离合器与电机断开联结并且另一方面通过自由轮机构与内燃机断开联结，因此起动齿轮在该运行期间停止。通过应用持续地啮合的干式运行的输出齿轮尤其以及相应的自由轮机构此外在启动过程中提供了改善的声响。此外在以下情况中在“改变主意”重新启动的情况下通过自由轮机构提供了赢得时间，即当曲轴虽然还未完全停止但是内燃机然而应当重新启动时。
根据本发明的混合传动系优选地在不具有全轮驱动的情况下尤其具有相应的手动切换式变速器、自动变速器和/或双离合器变速器。可设想的是，第一离合器同样设计为自由轮机构或设计为超越离合器(Überholkupplung)。第一离合器能够关联有操纵活塞。现在为了将第一离合器以闭合的方式保持在原始位置中，操纵活塞通过弹性器件预加应力到第一离合器的闭合的位置中。通过相应的弹性器件或者弹簧预应力即使在双离合器的故障情形下也提供启动功能。为了操纵两个离合器仅仅一个操纵力是必需的。
因此避免了开头提及的缺点并且得到了相应的优点。
附图说明
现在存在以有利的方式设计和改进根据本发明的混合传动系的大量可能性。在下面混合传动系的两个优选的设计方案根据图纸和属于该图纸的描述更详细地被解释。
在图纸中：
图1以示意性的截面图示出了第一混合传动系的部分，
图2以示意图示出了第二混合传动系的部分，并且
图3以示意图示出了第三混合传动系的部分。
具体实施方式
在图1中至少部分地呈现了第一混合传动系1，在图2中至少部分地呈现了第二混合传动系2并且在图3中至少部分地呈现了第三混合传动系3。首先允许更详细地讨论混合传动系1到3的共同性，其中对于基本上相同的或功能上相同地起作用的构件应用相同的参考符号。混合传动系1到3适用于使用在机动车中。混合传动系1到3分别包括在图1到3中未呈现的内燃机。内燃机能够构造为汽油发动机或构造为柴油发动机。
此外混合传动系1到3分别包括电机4。电机4能够优选地应用为电动机和应用为发电机，并且因此提供相应的混合功能。电机4能够尤其构造为48伏特电机。运行电压能够基本上为48伏特。电机4具有定子5和转子6。电机4能够构造为异步电动机。电机4能够如还更详细地描述的那样用于启动内燃机。
此外混合传动系1,2,3分别具有差速器7,8。在图1和2中呈现的差速器7构造为锥形齿轮差速器9。差速器8构造为正齿轮差速器10。
内燃机现在首先驱动扭转减振器11。扭转减振器11在此与相应的轴12连接。内燃机的转矩然后供应到未呈现的变速器，其中借助于变速器可尤其切换多个档位。
转矩现在从变速器的输出部传输到相应的差速器7,8上，其中差速器7,8将功率分配到两个车轴13,14上。在图1到3中呈现的车轴14在此与差速器在输出侧通过中间轴15联结。中间轴15优选地设计为实心轴。电机4布置在中间轴15上。由此使得紧凑构建的混合传动系1到3成为可能。中间轴15也能够作为其一部分实施成与驱动轴14成单件。施加在变速器输出部处的转矩首先导入差速器罩壳16,17。相应的锥形齿轮18或平衡齿轮19可转动地支承在差速器罩壳16,17中。锥形齿轮18或平衡齿轮19将转矩或功率分配到相应的车轴齿轮(Achsrad)20,21上，其中车轴齿轮20,21在锥形齿轮差速器9的情形中实施为锥形车轴齿轮(未更详细地标记)并且在正齿轮差速器10的情形中(参看图3)构造为正齿轮。
车轴齿轮20在此与车轴13的未更详细地标记的车轴末端抗扭地连接。车轴齿轮21放置在中间轴15的相应的轴端部(未更详细地标记)上。中间轴15的另一端部继而与车轴14的相应的车轴末端抗扭地连接。
电机4的转子6构造成空心的并且尤其借助于相应的支承件22支承在中间轴15上。转子6优选地与太阳齿轮23抗扭地连接。行星齿轮传动级24此外具有至少一个尤其多个行星齿轮25和齿圈26。行星齿轮不仅与齿圈26而且与太阳齿轮23处于啮合的接合中。齿圈26在此以紧固在罩壳上的方式布置在罩壳27处。行星齿轮25布置在桥接部(Steg，有时称为行星架)28处，其中桥接部28与毂形件29抗扭地连接。
行星齿轮传动级24优选地利用i=3.8的传动比转换电机4的转矩；然而也可设想其它的传动比。毂形件29可通过第一离合器30功能上有效地与齿轮31联结。第一离合器30在此在输出侧与套管32连接，其中套管32通过支承件33可转动地支承在罩壳27的内侧处并且通过未标记的齿部与齿轮31抗扭地连接。在图1和3中呈现的设计方案中第一离合器30构造为片式离合器(Lamellenkupplung，有时称为盘式离合器)34。在图2中呈现的设计方案中第一离合器30设计为自由轮机构35。自由轮机构35也能够称为超越离合器(Überholkupplung)。套管32在带有片式离合器34的设计方案中相应地用作外片支架。毂形件29在此承载交替地与外片层叠的内片。片式离合器34具有由外片和内片组成的相应的片组。通过操纵片组能够闭合片式离合器34并且因此相应于行星齿轮传动级24的传动比将转矩从电机4传递到齿轮31上。齿轮31继而与起动齿轮36处于啮合的接合中。电机4因此可通过第一离合器30与起动齿轮36连接。
起动齿轮36是环形齿轮(Zahnkranz，有时称为齿轮环)37的部分。环形齿轮37在其内周缘处尤其借助于支承件38可转动地被支承。起动齿轮36现在功能上有效地与轴12连接或可功能上有效地与轴12连接，从而通过闭合第一离合器30内燃机可借助于电机4启动。在呈现的特别地优选的设计方案中起动齿轮36可通过另一自由轮机构39功能上有效地与曲轴组件40(仅仅部分地呈现)联结。曲轴组件40与轴12连接以用于将转矩传输到变速器处。干式运行的输出齿轮31、起动齿轮36以及自由轮机构一起形成了持续地啮合的启动器。自由轮机构39能够尤其设计为斜撑式自由轮机构(Klemmkörperfreilauf)。通过持续地啮合的启动器尤其在启动过程中改善了声响。
开头提及的缺点现在通过以下方式避免，即电机4可通过第二离合器41与差速器7,8联结。在呈现的设计方案中第二离合器41构造为片式离合器。相应的片组(未更详细地标记)具有由内片支架43承载的内片和由外片支架44承载的外片。内片和外片交替地彼此层叠。外片支架44在此构造成多次弯折。外片支架44此外与相应的差速器罩壳16,17抗扭地连接。为了操纵第二离合器41(即尤其片式离合器42)现在设置有可轴向地移位的操纵活塞45。操纵活塞45通过弹性器件46如此预加应力，即使得在第二离合器41的原始位置中第二离合器41是打开的。在图2中呈现的设计方案中操纵活塞45仅仅作用于第二离合器41(即片式离合器42)。在根据图1和图2的设计方案的情形中操纵活塞45构造成起双重作用，从而操纵活塞45通过弹性器件46被推挤到第一离合器30的闭合的位置中。因此在原始位置中第一离合器30是闭合的，由此内燃机能够始终借助于电机4启动。通过以推压弹簧的形式的弹性器件46即使在故障情形中也提供启动功能。
通过打开第一离合器30环形齿轮37能够与起动齿轮36一起断开联结。通过附加的自由轮机构39在此相应的环形齿轮37停止。环形齿轮37在此通过自由轮机构39与内燃机并且因此与曲轴组件40断开联结并且通过第一离合器30与电机4分离。因此当现在应当纯粹电地使车辆运动时，内燃机能够通过未呈现的离合器与变速器分离并且附加地打开第一离合器30，由此电机4与内燃机断开联结。由此改善了回收潜力，因为内燃机在纯粹地电的行驶期间不必联动。电机4能够尤其在较高的速度中断开联结，其中环形齿轮37不仅通过第一离合器30与电机4断开联结而且通过自由轮机构39与内燃机断开联结并且相应地停止。
齿轮31尤其在干室47中与中间轴15共轴地布置。电机4、第一离合器30以及第二离合器41以及相应的差速器7,8布置在带有相应的机油(未呈现)的湿室48中。干室47和湿室48在齿轮31的区域中尤其通过在罩壳27处以及在另一罩壳部分50处的两个密封器件49密封。在齿轮31、另一罩壳部分50以及套管32之间布置有相应地未更详细地标记的支承件并且齿轮31借助于未更详细地标记的密封件(优选地O形环)相对于套管32密封。那么湿室48对于差速器7,9和行星齿轮传动机构24或电机4是共同的，其中借助于不仅在齿轮31和套管32之间而且在套管和中间轴15之间的环形空间确保了在其两个部分之间的连接。
在罩壳部分50和相应的差速器罩壳16,17之间相应地布置有另外的支承件51。
为了操纵操纵活塞45在根据图1和图3的设计方案的情形中斜面调整器(Rampensteller)52与蜗杆传动机构53连接。
在根据图2的设计方案的情形中操纵活塞45在接合支承件(Einrücklager)54处轴向地被支撑。接合支承件54能够通过相应的接合器(Einrücker)55轴向地操纵并且因此活塞45抵抗弹簧应力被操纵以用于操纵第二离合器41移位。
通过在此描述的混合传动系1到3在模块化的结构类型中描述了轻度混合传动系(Mildhybridantriebsstrang)，该轻度混合传动系尤其适用于手动切换式变速器、自动变速器和/或双离合器变速器。附加的皮带启动器发电机不是必要的。能够使用简单的发电机(Lichtmaschine，有时称为直流发电机)。为了操纵两个离合器30,41仅仅一个操纵力是必需的。
得到了开头提及的优点并且避免了相应的缺点。
参考符号列表
1 混合传动系
2 混合传动系
3 混合传动系
4 电机
5 定子
6 转子
7 差速器
8 差速器
9 锥形齿轮差速器
10 正齿轮差速器
11 扭转减振器
12 轴
13 车轴
14 车轴
15 中间轴
16差速器罩壳
17 差速器罩壳
18 锥形齿轮
19 平衡齿轮
20 车轴齿轮
21车轴齿轮
22 支承件
23 太阳齿轮
24 行星齿轮传动级
25 行星齿轮
26 齿圈
27 罩壳
28 桥接部
29 毂形件
30 第一离合器
31 齿轮
32 套管
33 支承件
34 片式离合器
35 自由轮机构
36 起动齿轮
37 环形齿轮
38支承件
39 自由轮机构
40 曲轴组件
41 第二离合器
42 片式离合器
43 内片支架
44 外片支架
45 操纵活塞
46 弹性器件
47 干室
48 湿室
49 密封器件
50 罩壳部分
51 支承件
52 斜面调整器
53 蜗杆传动机构
54 接合支承件
55 接合器。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于机动车的混合传动系(1,2,3)，带有内燃机，带有电机(4)，带有差速器(7,8)，其中为了启动所述内燃机所述电机(4)可通过第一离合器(30)功能上有效地与所述内燃机联结，其特征在于，所述电机(4)可通过第二离合器(41)与所述差速器(7,8)联结，其中所述电机通过所述第二离合器可与差速器罩壳抗扭地联结，并且所述第一离合器(30)在输出侧驱动齿轮(31)，其中所述齿轮(31)与起动齿轮(36)处于啮合的接合中，其中所述起动齿轮(36)和所述齿轮(31)布置在干室(47)中，其中所述电机(4)、两个离合器(30,41)以及所述差速器(7,8)布置在湿室(48)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合传动系，其特征在于，借助于所述差速器(7,8)功率流可功能上有效地分配到两个车轴(13,14)上，其中所述电机(4)布置成与所述车轴(13,14)中的至少一个同心。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合传动系，其特征在于，所述电机(4)的转子(6)可转动地支承在中间轴(15)上，其中所述中间轴(15)将所述车轴(14)中的一个与所述差速器(7,8)连接。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合传动系组件，其特征在于，所述电机(4)通过行星齿轮传动级(24)与所述第一离合器(30)和所述第二离合器(41)连接。
5.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的混合传动系，其特征在于，所述第二离合器(41)在输出侧与差速器罩壳(16,17)抗扭地联结，其中所述差速器罩壳(16,17)承载至少一个锥形齿轮(18)和/或至少一个平衡齿轮(19)。
6.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的混合传动系，其特征在于，所述第二离合器(41)构造为片式离合器(42)，其中所述片式离合器(42)可借助于操纵活塞(45)操纵。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合传动系，其特征在于，所述操纵活塞(45)通过弹性器件(46)如此预加应力，即使得在原始位置中所述第二离合器(41)是打开的。
8.根据权利要求6所述的混合传动系，其特征在于，所述第一离合器(30)构造为片式离合器(34)，其中在原始位置中所述第一离合器(30)是闭合的，其中所述操纵活塞(45)构造为起双重作用的操纵活塞(45)并且能够操纵两个片式离合器(34,42)。
9.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的混合传动系，其特征在于，所述第一离合器(30)构造为第一自由轮机构(35)。
10.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的混合传动系，其特征在于，所述起动齿轮(36)通过第二自由轮机构(39)与由所述内燃机驱动的曲轴组件(40)处于连接中。
11.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的混合传动系，其特征在于，所述干室(47)和所述湿室(48)在所述齿轮(31)的区域中通过在罩壳(27)和罩壳部分(50)处的密封器件(49)密封。
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