CN111263862B - 用于机动车的多重离合器装置和混合动力模块 - Google Patents

用于机动车的多重离合器装置和混合动力模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111263862B
CN111263862B CN201880069303.5A CN201880069303A CN111263862B CN 111263862 B CN111263862 B CN 111263862B CN 201880069303 A CN201880069303 A CN 201880069303A CN 111263862 B CN111263862 B CN 111263862B
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clutch
clutch device
separating
transmission element
force
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CN111263862A (zh
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D·霍夫施泰特尔
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405Housings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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    • F16D25/08Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • F16D25/082Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
    • F16D25/083Actuators therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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    • F16D25/08Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • F16D25/082Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
    • F16D25/087Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation the clutch being actuated by the fluid-actuated member via a diaphragm spring or an equivalent array of levers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F16D21/06Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力模块的多重离合器装置,其用于耦接内燃机,其中,所述多重离合器装置具有:分离离合器(10),利用所述分离离合器能够将转矩从内燃机传递到多重离合器装置上并且利用所述分离离合器能够将多重离合器装置与内燃机分离;双离合器装置(30),利用所述双离合器装置能够将转矩从电机和/或从所述分离离合器(10)传递到驱动系上,所述双离合器装置具有第一子离合器(40)和第二子离合器(50);以及传动元件(70),用于在所述电机和所述多重离合器装置之间构造传动装置以在所述电机和所述多重离合器装置之间传递旋转运动,其中,所述各个离合器和所述传动元件(70)布置在湿式腔(90)中,并且所述分离离合器(10)实施为常闭式离合器。利用在此提出的发明提供一种多重离合器装置,该多重离合器装置由于离合器布置在湿式腔中而在轴向尺寸非常小并且可灵活地构型的安装空间的同时具有高的预期寿命。

Description

用于机动车的多重离合器装置和混合动力模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力模块的多重离合器装置,所述混合动力模块设置成用于机动车,例如用于载客车、载重车或其它商用车,并且所述混合动力模块能耦接到内燃机上。此外,本发明涉及一种具有多重离合器装置的混合动力模块本身。
混合动力模块通常包括用于机械耦接内燃机的连接装置、分离离合器、用于产生驱动转矩的电机以及双离合器装置,利用所述分离离合器能将转矩从内燃机传递到混合动力模块上并且利用所述分离离合器能将混合动力模块与内燃机分离,利用所述双离合器装置能将转矩从电机和/或从分离离合器传递到驱动系上。双离合器装置包括第一子离合器和第二子离合器。每个所布置的离合器分别配有操纵系统。
电机能够实现电动行驶、内燃机运行的功率提高并且进行回收利用。分离离合器及其操纵系统负责发动机的接合或分离。
如果混合动力模块与双离合器集成到驱动系中,而使得混合动力模块在转矩传递方向上位于内燃机和传动装置之间,则必须在车辆中将内燃机、混合动力模块、双离合器连同其操纵系统和传动装置前后相继地或者并列地布置。然而,这种布置有时会导致安装空间的问题。
为了实现具有集成的双离合器的非常紧凑的混合动力模块,有利的结构方案在于,双离合器的分离离合器和两个子离合器直接并列地布置。
背景技术
由现有技术已知混合动力模块或其多重离合器装置的不同实施方式。
因此,DE 10 2009 002 805 A1公开了一种用于机动车的并联式混合动力驱动装置,其具有布置在驱动系中的具有可变传动比的车辆传动装置、与传动装置输入轴驱动连接的电机和能够通过离合器组件与传动装置输入轴接合或脱开的内燃机。此外,该离合器组件还包括在内燃机的牵引运行中接合的自由轮离合器和与其并联的可切换摩擦离合器。
WO 2008/052909 A1公开了一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动系,用于借助于离合器将内燃机与电机机械耦合。所述离合器可以包括爪式离合器以及起动元件,该起动元件与电机连接并且使驱动功率的可选择的部分从电机中脱耦。所述起动元件可以包括变矩器、比例离合器和/或双离合器。
由WO 2017/129165 A1已知一种用于具有混合动力驱动装置的机动车驱动系的离合器组件,其中,该离合器组件具有第一离合器和第二离合器,所述第一离合器和第二离合器分别具有能旋转地彼此解耦的转动部件,其中,第一离合器的第一转动部件与第二离合器的第一转动部件抗扭转连接。在此作为有利的实施方式给出,第二离合器构造为双离合器、优选构造为湿式或湿式运行的双离合器。
未预发表的国际申请PCT/DE2017/100577说明了一种用于机动车驱动系的离合器组件,所述驱动系具有电机和内燃机,其转矩能够通过离合器设备引导至传动装置,其中,在耦合机构和可在内燃机侧驱动的传递机构之间布置有分离离合器,所述耦合机构被准备用于将电机的转矩朝离合器设备的方向导入。
所有所说明的混合动力模块或者离合器装置都经受由运行引起的磨损并且需要确定的安装空间。
发明内容
本发明所基于的任务在于,提供一种用于机动车的多重离合器装置以及配备有该多重离合器装置的混合动力模块,它们在可灵活构型的安装空间的同时具有长的使用寿命。
该任务通过根据本发明的多重离合器装置以及通过根据本发明的混合动力模块来解决。
在说明书中给出所述多重离合器装置的有利实施方式。
在说明书中给出所述混合动力模块的有利构型。
本发明的特征可以以任意技术上有意义的方式和方法组合,其中,对此也可以考虑来自以下说明的阐述以及来自附图的特征,它们包括本发明的补充构型。
在本发明的框架内,术语“径向”和“轴向”总是与多重离合器装置或混合动力模块的旋转轴线相关。
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力模块的多重离合器装置,其用于耦接内燃机,所述多重离合器装置包括分离离合器以及双离合器装置,利用所述分离离合器能够将转矩从内燃机传递到多重离合器装置上并且利用所述分离离合器能够将多重离合器装置与内燃机分离,利用所述双离合器装置能够将转矩从电机和/或从分离离合器传递到驱动系上。双离合器装置具有第一子离合器和第二子离合器,以及具有传动元件,用于在电机和多重离合器装置之间构造传动装置以在电机和多重离合器装置之间传递旋转运动。各个离合器和传动元件布置在湿式腔中。根据本发明设置,分离离合器实施为常闭式离合器。
这意味着,所述分离离合器是这样的离合器装置:其在正常的未操纵状态下闭合并且能够传递转矩,并且为了打开而以操纵力来操纵。
在此,多重离合器装置的所有三个子离合器都实施为湿式离合器。
这种结构方式使得能够使用磨损减小的湿式离合器,而不必放弃用于构造混合动力模块的与电动机运行的组合。
同时,根据本发明的多重离合器装置能够在直至两个离合器促动器失效的情况下实现紧急运行,因为即使在这种状态下车辆也还能够以内燃机运行到达车间。此外,通过这种布置减少了旋转轴承以及操纵轴承上的轴承负载,因为仅为了暂时地打开分离离合器而要导入相应的力。
优选地设置,离合器以及传动元件围绕共同的旋转轴线同轴地布置。由此能够提供在轴向上非常紧凑的多重离合器装置或者在轴向上非常紧凑的混合动力模块。
优选地,传动元件构型成用于轴线平行地附接电机,其中,在这种情况下,所连接的电机不同轴地布置。
所述多重离合器装置能够构型成使得分离离合器以及两个子离合器彼此径向重叠地布置。也就是说,所述分离离合器以及两个子离合器彼此径向嵌套地布置,其中,它们沿着共同的旋转轴线基本上具有相同的轴向位置,但却具有在径向上不同的位置或延伸尺寸。
在此,分离离合器可以相对于两个子离合器布置在径向内部。这意味着,这两个子离合器相对于分离离合器进一步布置在外部并且因此布置在其径向外侧上,其中,这两个子离合器中的一个在径向外部与相应的另一子离合器重叠。
分离离合器操纵系统可以具有基本上环形的活塞-缸-单元,该活塞-缸-单元的活塞可以基本上轴向平移地移动,并且该分离离合器操纵系统还可以具有环形的操纵轴承,该操纵轴承允许在活塞-缸-单元和分离离合器的要操纵的离合器元件之间的旋转相对运动。此外尤其设置,分离离合器和子离合器借助于共同的旋转部件彼此机械连接,并且分离离合器配有弹簧装置,该弹簧装置沿着轴向方向支撑在该共同的旋转部件上并且至少在操纵该分离离合器以打开分离离合器时将沿着轴向方向作用的力施加到力传递元件、尤其拉杆上。力传递元件又支撑在分离离合器的摩擦片组上,使得摩擦片被相互挤压并且弹簧装置的弹簧力以这种方式使分离离合器被操纵到闭合位态中。
因此,力传递元件也是根据本发明的多重离合器装置的组成部分。
优选地,设置有盘形弹簧作为弹簧装置,所述盘形弹簧与拉杆共同作用并且支撑在分离离合器的输出侧的摩擦片笼上,从而盘形弹簧经由拉杆持续地将力施加到分离离合器的一侧上并且因而使该分离离合器闭合。
此外,多重离合器装置可以具有用于操纵分离离合器的分离离合器操纵系统,其中,该分离离合器操纵系统与力传递元件机械连接,从而使得该力传递元件能够逆着由弹簧装置施加的力的作用方向移动并且能够以这种方式打开分离离合器。弹簧装置的特性曲线的巧妙设计能够使得,即使在分离离合器完全打开时也仅须由分离离合器操纵系统来施加相对小的操纵力,并且相应地分离离合器的布置在分离离合器操纵系统和力传递元件之间的分离轴承相应小地受负载。
例如,弹簧装置的弹簧特征曲线能够至少区段地具有向下敞开的抛物线的走向。
这指的是弹簧装置的在力-行程-图表中的弹簧特性曲线,因此,为了实现最初的弹簧行程需要增加的力以断开分离离合器,然而在操纵行程结束时又需要较小的力,从而打开的分离离合器的打开保持可以用相对小的力来实现。
力传递元件能够机械连接到压力环上,所述压力环使由弹簧装置产生的并且由力传递元件传递的力基本上轴线平行地指向分离离合器的摩擦片组的输入侧。
在多重离合器装置的另一有利构型中设置,多重离合器装置具有用于操纵第一子离合器的第一操纵系统和用于操纵第二子离合器的第二操纵系统,其中,第一操纵系统和第二操纵系统在径向上至少区段地相互重叠。也就是说,在此可以为双离合器装置使用径向嵌套的双中央接合器或双中央分离器。
在此可以设置,两个操纵系统分别具有基本上环形的活塞-缸-单元,该活塞-缸-单元的活塞能够基本上轴向平移地移动,并且所述两个操纵系统还分别具有环形的操纵轴承,所述操纵轴承允许在活塞-缸-单元和相应的子离合器的要操纵的离合器元件之间的旋转相对运动,其中,相应的活塞-缸-单元相对于旋转轴线的径向延伸大于相应的操纵轴承的环绕轨道与旋转轴线的间距。在一个替代的构型中设置,相应的活塞-缸-单元和环绕轨道的径向延伸相同。
传动元件可以包括:用于构造链传动装置的链轮;用于构造皮带传动机构的皮带轮;或者用于构造齿轮传动装置的齿轮。在作为皮带轮的构型中,适于将皮带传动装置构造为齿形皮带传动装置或楔形皮带传动装置。
所实现的齿轮传动装置可以单级或多级地实施。
此外,为了解决该任务还提供一种混合动力模块,该混合动力模块包括根据本发明的多重离合器装置以及用于产生驱动转矩的具有转子的电机,其中,该转子相对于多重离合器装置的旋转轴线轴线平行地布置并且借助于包括多重离合器装置的传动元件的传动装置与多重离合器装置连接。因此,利用该传动装置可以实现从电机到多重离合器装置的转矩或旋转运动,用于驱动多重离合器装置并且因此驱动驱动模块,或者在从多重离合器装置到电机的相反的方向上实现转矩或旋转运动,用于进行回收利用。混合动力模块在此可以构型成使得电机的转子布置在湿式腔外部。
补充地,提供一种用于机动车的驱动装置组件,其具有内燃机和根据本发明的混合动力模块以及具有车辆传动装置,其中,混合动力模块与内燃机以及车辆传动装置经由混合动力模块的离合器机械连接。
附图说明
下面在相关的技术背景下参照示出优选构型的附图详细阐述上述的本发明。本发明不受纯示意性的附图限制,其中,应注意的是,在附图中示出的实施例不限于所示出的尺寸。示出了:
图1:根据本发明的多重离合器装置的部分剖面,和
图2:图1中所示的根据本发明的多重离合器装置的局部放大视图。
具体实施方式
可以看出,分离离合器10以及双离合器装置30布置在共同的旋转轴线1上。双离合器装置30包括第一子离合器40和第二子离合器50。所有三个离合器10、40、50都布置在湿式腔90中。这意味着,所有三个离合器10、40、50都实施为湿式离合器。此外,所有三个离合器10、40、50都通过共同的旋转部件80旋转地彼此耦合。
在共同的旋转部件80上固定地布置有传动元件70,该传动元件在这里所示的实施方式中是用于构造链传动装置的链轮。该链传动装置与在这里未示出的电机的小齿轮连接,所述电机布置在湿式腔90外部。以这种方式,转矩能够从电机传递到共同的旋转部件80上并且因此传递到所有三个离合器10、40、50上,并且能够沿相反的方向传递。所述分离离合器10配有分离离合器操纵系统11,所述分离离合器操纵系统包括环形的活塞-缸-单元12以及操纵轴承20。
在此,活塞-缸-单元12的径向延伸明显小于操纵轴承20与旋转轴线1的径向间距。这能够实现活塞-缸-单元12和操纵轴承20的径向嵌套。
配属于第一子离合器40的第一操纵系统41和配属于第二子离合器50的第二操纵系统51彼此径向嵌套地布置。
通过所示的措施能够实现在轴向上非常紧凑地构造的离合器装置。
从驱动轴或离合器输入轴130可以将转矩经由分离离合器10的分离离合器摩擦片支架22导入到分离离合器10中,所述驱动轴或离合器输入轴可以与在这里未示出的燃烧设备耦合,并且在驱动系中,与离合器输入轴130机械耦合的离心力摆2和双质量飞轮3位于所述驱动轴或离合器输入轴上。在分离离合器10借助于操纵分离离合器操纵系统11而闭合时,将转矩从分离离合器10传递到共同的旋转部件80上。视与共同的旋转部件80连接的子离合器40、50中的一个的闭合而定,将转矩从该子离合器40、50经由相应的第一摩擦片支架42或第二摩擦片支架52传递到第一传动装置输入轴100或第二传动装置输入轴101上。为了这个目的,借助于第一操纵系统41使第一压力罐43轴向移动或借助于第二操纵系统51使第二压力罐53轴向移动,以使相应的子离合器40、50闭合。
共同的旋转部件80以旋转轴承110旋转地支承在离合器盖120或其轴向伸出部121上。离合器输入轴130也旋转支承在离合器盖120或其伸出部121上,亦即借助于实施为滚动轴承的固定轴承131以及借助于实施为滚针轴承的浮动轴承132支承。
根据本发明的多重离合器装置包括弹簧装置60,该弹簧装置优选地如附图中所示的那样是同轴布置的盘形弹簧。与弹簧装置60机械耦合有力传递元件62,该力传递元件在此作为拉杆示出。该力传递元件62又作用在压力环63上,该压力环贴靠在分离离合器10的摩擦片组23上。弹簧装置60引起沿着轴向方向作用到力传递元件62上的并且因而作用到压力环63上的力61,所述压力环将该力61传递到分离离合器11的摩擦片组23上。因此,通过弹簧装置60将持续作用的力61施加到分离离合器10上,使得该分离离合器在未操纵状态下闭合并且因此是“常闭式”离合器。
分离离合器操纵系统11的操纵轴承20作用到力传递元件62上,从而在操纵分离离合器操纵系统11时,由该分离离合器操纵系统将操纵力经由操纵轴承20导入到力传递元件62中,并且以这种方式使分离离合器10转化到打开状态。可以看出,仅当分离离合器10打开时,即在切换过程中,才施加力以打开分离离合器10。因此,仅在相对少有的情况下,才出现旋转轴承110和操纵轴承20的负载。通过选择具有合适的特性曲线的弹簧装置60(所述特性曲线例如可以区段地相应于底部敞开的抛物线的形状),还可以尤其在分离离合器10的完全打开的状态下减小操纵力或作用到轴承上的轴向力。
分离离合器10的打开状态尤其可以从图2中看出。在那里用虚线标出分离离合器10的打开位态64,此时,由于操纵分离离合器操纵系统11,该分离离合器操纵系统已经引起轴向运动并且由此已经使操纵轴承20轴向移位,从而该操纵轴承已经抵抗弹簧装置60的力的作用使力传递元件62轴向移位并且因此也已经使压力环63轴向移位。
由于离合器布置在湿腔中,这里所提出的多重离合器装置将高的预期寿命与轴向尺寸非常小的并且可灵活地安排的安装空间相结合。
附图标记列表
1 旋转轴线
2 离心力摆
3 双质量飞轮
10 分离离合器
11 分离离合器操纵系统
12 活塞-缸-单元
20 操纵轴承
22 分离离合器摩擦片支架
23 分离离合器的摩擦片组
30 双离合器装置
40 第一子离合器
41 第一操纵系统
42 第一摩擦片支架
43 第一压力罐
50 第二子离合器
51 第二操纵系统
52 第二摩擦片支架
53 第二压力罐
60 弹簧装置
61 沿着轴向方向作用的力
62 力传递元件
63 压力环
64 打开位态
70 传动元件
80 共同的旋转部件
90 湿式腔
100 第一传动装置输入轴
101 第二传动装置输入轴
110 旋转轴承
120 离合器盖
121 伸出部
130 离合器输入轴
131 离合器输入轴的固定轴承
132 离合器输入轴的浮动轴承

Claims (10)

1.一种用于混合动力模块的多重离合器装置,其用于耦接内燃机,其中,所述多重离合器装置具有:
分离离合器(10),利用所述分离离合器能够将转矩从内燃机传递到多重离合器装置上并且利用所述分离离合器能够将多重离合器装置与内燃机分离;
双离合器装置(30),利用所述双离合器装置能够将转矩从电机和/或从所述分离离合器(10)传递到驱动系上,所述双离合器装置具有第一子离合器(40)和第二子离合器(50);以及
传动元件(70),用于在所述电机和所述多重离合器装置之间构造传动装置以在所述电机和所述多重离合器装置之间传递旋转运动,其中,
各个所述离合器和所述传动元件(70)布置在湿式腔(90)中,并且
所述分离离合器(10)实施为常闭式离合器,
其特征在于,所述分离离合器(10)以及两个子离合器(40、50)彼此径向重叠地布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多重离合器装置,其特征在于,所述传动元件(70)构型成用于轴线平行地附接电机。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多重离合器装置,其特征在于,所述分离离合器(10)相对于所述两个子离合器(40、50)布置在径向内部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多重离合器装置,其特征在于,
所述分离离合器(10)和所述子离合器(40、50)借助于共同的旋转部件(80)彼此机械连接,并且
所述分离离合器(10)配有弹簧装置(60),所述弹簧装置沿着轴向方向支撑在所述共同的旋转部件(80)上并且至少在操纵所述分离离合器(10)以打开所述分离离合器时将沿着轴向方向作用的力(61)施加到支撑在所述分离离合器的摩擦片组(23)上的力传递元件(62)上,使得摩擦片被相互挤压并且所述弹簧装置(60)的弹簧力使得所述分离离合器(10)被操纵到闭合位态中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多重离合器装置,其特征在于,
所述多重离合器装置具有用于操纵所述分离离合器(10)的分离离合器操纵系统(11),其中,
所述分离离合器操纵系统(11)与所述力传递元件(62)机械连接,使得所述力传递元件(62)能够逆着由所述弹簧装置(60)施加的力(61)的作用方向移动并且由此所述分离离合器(10)能够打开。
6.根据权利要求5所述的多重离合器装置,其特征在于,所述弹簧装置(60)的弹簧特性曲线至少区段地具有向下敞开的抛物线的走向。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的多重离合器装置,其特征在于,所述力传递元件(62)机械连接到压力环(63)上,所述压力环使由所述弹簧装置(60)产生的并且由所述力传递元件(62)传递的力基本上轴线平行地指向所述分离离合器(10)的摩擦片组(23)的输入侧。
8.根据权利要求4所述的多重离合器装置,其特征在于,所述力传递元件(62)是拉杆。
9.一种混合动力模块,其具有:
根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的多重离合器装置;和
用于产生驱动转矩的具有转子的电机,其中,
所述转子相对于所述多重离合器装置的旋转轴线轴线平行地布置并且借助于具有所述多重离合器装置的传动元件(70)的传动装置与所述多重离合器装置连接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力模块,其特征在于,所述电机的转子布置在湿式腔(90)外部。
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