GB2580682A - Hybrid vehicle drive lines - Google Patents
Hybrid vehicle drive lines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2580682A GB2580682A GB1900955.4A GB201900955A GB2580682A GB 2580682 A GB2580682 A GB 2580682A GB 201900955 A GB201900955 A GB 201900955A GB 2580682 A GB2580682 A GB 2580682A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- power unit
- vehicle
- sprag clutch
- electric power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
A driveline 10 for a hybrid vehicle in which an electric power unit 12a, 12b is connected to a transmission 15 to drive road wheels 14, a launch clutch, torque converter or other launch facility, and an internal combustion engine 11 connected to the electric power unit solely via a one-way sprag clutch 13. The sprag clutch only delivers power to the electric power unit and only when the sprag clutch input speed from the engine equals or exceeds the sprag clutch input speed from the electric power unit. The engine may have a starter motor 20 to start the engine either when the vehicle is in motion and being powered only by the electric drive unit or when the vehicle is stationary in a start-up condition. The vehicle may be launched in an electric mode or a by engine power. The driveline could also be operated in a regenerating overrunning mode. The transmission could be an automatic or manual.
Description
Hybrid Vehicle Drive Lines This invention relates to hybrid vehicle drivelines.
Such hybrid vehicles drivelines include both an internal combustion engine and an electric drive unit which can drive the vehicle either together or separately.
There is a requirement for such a driveline which is compact, economical and minimises changes to vehicle architecture.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid vehicle driveline which meets the above requirements.
Thus according to the present invention there is provided a vehicle driveline for a hybrid vehicle in which an electric power unit is drivingly connected with an input of a transmission to drive road wheels of the vehicle, a launch clutch, torque converter or other launch facility for the vehicle being provided on the wheel side of the electric power unit, and an internal combustion engine drivingly connected with the electric power unit and hence to the transmission input solely via a one-way sprag clutch which only delivers power to the electric power unit and only when the sprag clutch input speed from the engine equals or exceeds the sprag clutch input speed from the electric power unit.
The driveline may have a starter motor which can be operated to start the engine either when the vehicle is in motion and being powered only by the electric drive unit or when the vehicle is stationary in a start up condition. This arrangement is a particularly simple but effective way to provide the ability to crank up the engine when required whilst the vehicle is in motion.
The driveline can be operated in an electric driving mode when sprag clutch input speed from the engine is at a lower level than the sprag clutch input speed from the electric drive unit so no power flows through the sprag clutch from the engine to the transmission.
The driveline can be operated in an engine powered mode when the speed of the engine input into the sprag clutch is equal to or exceeds the sprag clutch speed from the electric power unit so that power is transmitted from the engine through the sprag clutch to the transmission, the electric power unit being optionally utilisable to also power the wheels in this mode.
The driveline can be launched powered by the electric drive unit only with the engine switched off so that the sprag clutch is open and the launch is achieved by the launch device on the wheel side of the electric power unit.
The vehicle can be launched powered by engine power passing through the sprag clutch and the launch is achieved by the launch device on the wheel side of the electric power unit.
Additional power can be provided during an engine launch by the electric power unit as long as the engine speed input into the sprag clutch equals or exceeds the speed input of the electric power unit into the sprag clutch.
The driveline can be operated in a regenerating overrunning mode in which the road wheels drive the electric power unit and the engine is running at a speed below the speed of the power unit so the sprag clutch is open and the power unit can charge an associated battery.
The transmission of the driveline may take any suitable form such as, for example, an automatic gearbox with a torque converter, or a manual transmission with a single launch clutch, or a twin clutch transmission.
The present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Figure 1 shows schematic a hybrid vehicle driveline in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 shows the driveline in electric driving mode; Figure 3 shows the driveline in internal combustion driving load; Figures 4 shows the driveline starting up the internal combustion engine when being driven in electric mode; Figure 5 shows the driveline internal combustion engine being started with the vehicle stationary; Figure 6 shows the driveline starting from rest in electric driving mode; Figure 7 shows the driveline starting from rest in the combustion engine driving mode; Figure 8 shows the driveline in a slowing down or regenerative mode; Figures 9A to 9C show various examples of alternative transmission which can be used in the drive line of the present invention; Figure 10 shows an alternative engine starter/generator arrangement, and Figure 11 shows an alternative electric drive unit arrangement.
Referring to the drawings, a vehicle driveline 10 for a hybrid vehicle has an internal combustion engine 11 which drives an electric drive unit 12, with a rotor 12a and a stator 12b, via a one-way sprag clutch 13. The electric unit 12 in turn drives drive wheels 14 of the vehicle via a transmission 15 and gearing 19. The transmission includes a launch clutch or torque converter (not shown) to provide a smooth take up of drive.
One-way clutch 13 transmits drive from the engine 11 to the electric drive unit 12 in one direction only from the engine to the electric unit. In the particular example shown, the engine 11 drives a flywheel 16 which includes a vibration absorber 17 (for example the flywheel may be a so-called twin-mass flywheel) which in turn drives a shaft 18 connected with one-way clutch 13. A starter motor 20 engages flywheel 16 to enable the engine 11 to be started when required by the driveline control system.
This simple driveline arrangement enables all the required modes of operation of the driveline to be achieved as will be described with reference to drawings 2 to 8 below.
In Figure 2 the flow of power from electric unit drive unit 12 via transmission 15 and gearing 19 to wheels 14 when the driveline is operating in electric driving mode is shown by dotted line E. In this mode the engine 11 will either be turned off or operating at a lower speed than that provided by the electric drive unit (e.g. at idle speed) so no power flows through one-way sprag clutch 13.
In Figure 3 the speed provided to shaft 18 by the engine 11 is equal to or greater than that provided by the electric drive unit 12 to shaft 21 so that drive can pass from engine 11 to wheels 14 via clutch 13, as indicated by dotted line C. Electric drive unit 12 may optionally contribute to the power transmitted to wheels 14 as indicated by arrows E' providing that the speed of shaft 21 does not exceed that of shaft 18.
If the vehicle is in motion and being driven by the electric drive unit 12, as shown by dotted line E in Figure 4, the engine 11 can be started up by using starter motor 20, as shown by dotted line S. The engine does not transmit power to the road wheels until the engine speed is increased sufficiently to equal or exceed the speed of the motor, in which case the engine transmits power through the one way sprag clutch to the road wheels.
If the vehicle is stationary with the transmission in neutral or the launch clutch disengaged the engine 11 can be started using starter motor 20, as shown by dotted line S in Figure 5, and the electric unit 12 can optionally be driven by the engine 11 as indicated by dotted lines C' to gt.toci-,;ttt potve, to ch.ttge birittemet; ;putt sinOV\(;) Co;.;;;',.C.trItd Wzn) the The vehicle can be launched from a standing start electrically with the engine 11 switched off and power flowing to the wheels 14 from unit 12 as indicated by dotted lines E in Figure 6.
If the vehicle is stationary, with the transmission in neutral or the launch clutch disengaged and the engine 11 is running, the vehicle can be launched by operating the launch clutch or torque convertor as indicated by dotted lines C in Figure 7 with the electric unit 12 optionally contributing additional power to wheels 14 as indicated by arrows E' in Figure 7 providing that the speed of shaft 21 does not exceed shaft 18.
If the vehicle is slowing down and in an overrunning condition with the engine 11 idling or switched off no power flows through clutch 13 and the vehicle is in a regenerative mode in which the wheels 14 drive the electric unit 12 to recharge the associated batteries (not shown) as indicated by dotted lines R in Figure 8. The batteries may be used to power the drive unit 12 to drive the vehicle in certain modes of operation. If the engine is idling the launch device must be opened as the vehicle comes to rest, however if the engine is switched off the launch device may remain closed and regeneration may occur until the vehicle is stationary.
Figures 9A to 9C show examples of alternative forms of transmission 15 which can be used. In Figure 9A the transmission is an automatic gearbox 25 with a torque converter 26.
In Figure 96 the transmission 15 is a manual gearbox 27 with a single launch clutch 28 which may be operated manually. Alternatively the clutch and or gear selection may be automated.
Figure 9C shows transmission 15 as a so-called double clutch transmission 29. As will be evident from the above the precise form of transmission 15 does nor form part of the present invention as any suitable form of transmission can be used.
Figure 10 shows an alternative arrangement for connecting starter motor 20 with the front end of engine 11 via a belt drive 22.
Figure 11 shows an alternative side mounting of the electric drive unit 12 which is connected with the shaft 21 via a belt or chain drive 23.
The present invention thus provides a simple cost effective and compact layout which can provide all the required operating modes of the vehicle including restarting the engine using starter motor 20 when the vehicle is in motion and being powered by the electric drive unit 12. This use of the starter motor to start the engine when the vehicle is in motion removes the need to provide any additional clutch to connect the electric power unit to the engine for cranking. The driveline layout also minimises the changes necessary to the vehicle architecture and the engine is automatically disconnected during overrun operation providing optimum energy recuperation into the battery.
Claims (9)
- CLAIMS1) A driveline for a hybrid vehicle in which an electric power unit is drivingly connected with an input of a transmission to drive road wheels of the vehicle, a launch clutch, torque converter or other launch facility for the vehicle being provided on the wheel side of the electric power unit, and an internal combustion engine drivingly connected with the electric power unit and hence to the transmission input solely via a one-way sprag clutch which only delivers power to the electric power unit and only when the sprag clutch input speed from the engine equals or exceeds the sprag clutch input speed from the electric power unit.
- 2) A driveline according to claim 1 in which the engine has a starter motor connected with a crankshaft of the engine which can be operated to start the engine either when the vehicle is in motion and being powered only by the electric drive unit or when the vehicle is stationary in a start up condition.
- 3) A driveline according to claim 1 or 2 which can be operated in an electric driving mode when sprag clutch input speed from the engine is at a lower level than the sprag clutch input speed from the electric drive unit so no power flows through the sprag clutch from the engine to the transmission.
- 4) A driveline according to claim 1 or 2 which can be operated in an engine powered mode with the speed of the engine input into the sprag clutch is equal to or exceeds the sprag clutch speed from the electric power unit so that power is transmitted from the engine through the sprag clutch to the transmission, the electric power unit being optionally utilisable to also power the wheels in this mode.
- 5) A driveline according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in which the vehicle can be launched powered by the electric drive unit only with the engine switched off so that the sprag clutch is open.
- 6) A driveline according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in which the vehicle can be launched powered by engine power passing through the sprag clutch and the launch is achieved by the launch device on the wheel side of the electric power unit.
- 7) A vehicle driveline according to claim 6 in which additional power is provided by the electric power unit providing that the engine speed input into the sprag clutch does not exceed the speed input of the electric power unit into the sprag clutch.
- 8) A driveline according to any one of claims 1 to 7 which can be operated in a regenerating overrunning mode in which the road wheels drive the electric power unit and the engine is running at a speed below the speed of the power unit so the sprag clutch is open and the power unit can charge an associated battery.
- 9) A driveline according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in which the transmission comprises an automatic gearbox with a torque converter, or a manual transmission with a single launch clutch, or a twin clutch transmission.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1900955.4A GB2580682A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Hybrid vehicle drive lines |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1900955.4A GB2580682A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Hybrid vehicle drive lines |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201900955D0 GB201900955D0 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
| GB2580682A true GB2580682A (en) | 2020-07-29 |
Family
ID=65656058
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1900955.4A Withdrawn GB2580682A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Hybrid vehicle drive lines |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2580682A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021204587A1 (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-24 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Drive train for a hybrid vehicle |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008126703A (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-06-05 | Mazda Motor Corp | Driving device for vehicle |
| US20090166109A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Zhihui Duan | Hybrid electric vehicle |
| US20120071294A1 (en) * | 2010-09-22 | 2012-03-22 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Drive device for hybrid vehicle |
| CN104786817A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-22 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Power coupling device used for hybrid electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle |
| JP2017124653A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Hybrid automobile |
-
2019
- 2019-01-23 GB GB1900955.4A patent/GB2580682A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008126703A (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-06-05 | Mazda Motor Corp | Driving device for vehicle |
| US20090166109A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-02 | Zhihui Duan | Hybrid electric vehicle |
| US20120071294A1 (en) * | 2010-09-22 | 2012-03-22 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Drive device for hybrid vehicle |
| CN104786817A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-22 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Power coupling device used for hybrid electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle |
| JP2017124653A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Hybrid automobile |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021204587A1 (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-24 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Drive train for a hybrid vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201900955D0 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |