CN1093813C - 自行车用曲柄及其制造方法 - Google Patents

自行车用曲柄及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1093813C
CN1093813C CN97125947A CN97125947A CN1093813C CN 1093813 C CN1093813 C CN 1093813C CN 97125947 A CN97125947 A CN 97125947A CN 97125947 A CN97125947 A CN 97125947A CN 1093813 C CN1093813 C CN 1093813C
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crank
bicycle
casting
core
manufacture method
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CN1186749A (zh
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山中正广
沟边英治
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Shimano Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21KMAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K17/00Making sport articles, e.g. skates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21KMAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D31/00Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
    • B22D31/002Cleaning, working on castings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M3/00Construction of cranks operated by hand or foot
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616Structural member making
    • Y10T29/49622Vehicular structural member making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982Coating
    • Y10T29/49984Coating and casting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988Metal casting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988Metal casting
    • Y10T29/49989Followed by cutting or removing material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21Elements
    • Y10T74/2164Cranks and pedals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

结合铸造与热锻,获得轻量、高强度与设计自由度大的结构与制造方法,于铸造曲柄的铸模中嵌入充塞有填料而形成的管芯以铸成一体。在内装有管芯7的状态下经型锻进行加压铸造,制成高强的曲柄。内部的填料可以取出,也能让比重轻的材料原样地充塞于管芯7中。铸造后再加以锻造,能使曲柄轻量化,并能适应复杂的构型需要。

Description

自行车用曲柄及其制造方法
本发明涉及自行车用曲柄及其制造方法。具体涉及到用铸造方法制造内部有芯的自行车用曲柄,轻型的自行车用曲柄及其制造方法。
人们总是希望自行车尽可能地轻量化,为此也希望自行车的部件尽可能是轻型的。因此自行车用的曲柄,例如已知有特公平2-18652号公报所述的按管状成形制造,使曲柄内部为中空结构而轻量化的。
已提出有经挤压锻造实心坯料使其内部形成空洞的方法(特开平5-116670号公报)。中空的曲柄是将管或曲柄坯料通过焊接或塑性变形来做成的,因而曲柄形状的设计自由度小。此外,即使是存在有材料力学上不必要的部分也不能成形,因而由于这样一类理由,使形状受到了约束。再有,纵然是设计上有要求,由于加工方面的限制,具有外观上也不易有高雅感的问题。
另一方面,已知有用轻合金通过铸造法来制造自行车的曲柄的制造方法(例如,特开昭58-93554号公报所示)。采用铸造法时虽然可摆脱前述的对形状的约束,但在使内部空心化时对于小型部件的曲柄就有困难,而且机械强度也差。为此提出过在内部将管材等整体铸入的形式(实开昭48-7948号公报,实开昭61-131391号公报),但通常所铸造出的曲柄的机械强度都弱。
本发明便是在上述技术背景下提出的,并且是为了实现下述目的。
本发明的目的在于提供一种通过铸造来制造的,设计自由度大的自行车用曲柄及其制造方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种通过型锻铸造的曲柄坯料,而能获得既轻量化又有充分强度的自行车用曲柄及其制造方法。
本发明的第一方案的自行车用曲柄的特征在于,在此曲柄内部有芯,此芯是由比构成曲柄的金属比重轻的充填材料和覆盖在此充填材料上的外皮组成。
本发明的第二方案是在第一方案的自行车用曲柄之中,使上述外皮为金属制的管状件,此金属最好是铝之类的轻量与机械强度高的耐热性的材料。
本发明的第三方案的自行车用曲柄的特征在于,在此曲柄内部的内周面上具有由与曲柄材料不同的金属包覆成的空心部,此空心部构造成具有与外部通连的开口部,用来在铸造时将预充填在所述空心部内的填料取出。
本发明的第四方案的特征在于,在第三方案的自行车用中空曲柄中,所述的开口部配置于曲柄的踏板安装孔中。
本发明的第五方案的自行车用曲柄的制造方法的特征在于,在铸造此曲柄的铸模内嵌入内部充塞有比构成曲柄的金属比重轻的填料并具有外皮的芯;将构成曲柄的金属熔化后注入所述铸模内,再由与所述芯成一体铸造凝固的铸造法制造所述曲柄。
本发明的第六方案的特征在于,在前述第五方案的自行车用曲柄的制造方法中,当由所述铸造法铸造出曲柄坯料后,再对此曲柄坯料进行型锻加压成形。
本发明的第七方案的特征在于,在前述第五或第六方案的自行车用曲柄的制造方法中,所述的铸造法是使所述熔融的金属借重力对模具加压的重力模铸法。
本发明的第八方案的特征在于,在据前述第五、六、七方案任选一项的自行车用曲柄的制造方法中,所述芯的外皮是金属制的。
本发明的第九方案的特征在于,在前述第五、六、七、八方案任选一项的自行车用曲柄的制造方法中,通过机加工在所述外皮中形成开口部,取出所述填料在曲柄中形成空心部。
根据本发明的曲柄及其制造方法,由于曲柄的内部有芯,故能使曲柄轻量且具有刚性。此外,由于曲柄是铸造而成,故可设计成任意形状,而由于设计自由度的增加,就易使外观高雅。
同时,由于对铸造的曲柄进行了型锻,故除轻量化外还能获得充分的强度。再者,由于是把内装有填料的芯配置于内部,故芯的形状不会因型锻而溃塌。
图1是本发明的左曲柄1的后视图。
图2是本发明的左曲柄1的俯视图。
图3是此左曲柄1的侧视剖面图。
图4是此左曲柄1的正视图。
图5是沿图4中a-a、b-b、c-c、d-d各剖线的向视部面图。图5(a)、5(b)、5(c)与5(d)分别是a-a、b-b、c-c与d-d向视剖面图。
图6是示明左曲柄1的铸造状态的剖面图。
图7是示明芯子模具的立体图。
图8是示明将曲柄坯料29置入半密闭模具35中的状态的剖面图。
图9概示从经锻造加工后的管芯7中取出填充料的方式图。
图10是示明曲柄坯料的其它实施形式的剖面图。
现在参照附图说明本发明的实施形式1。图1示明本发明的左曲柄1的后视图。左曲柄1由铝合金制成,如图1所示,形成为使安装踏板的踏板轴端部4这一侧细,而使安装曲柄轴(图中未示明)的曲柄轴端部2的一侧的断面较粗。通过使左曲柄1的粗细如以上所述根据位置而变化来改变剖面的大小,可作出使施加到左曲柄上的应力在任何剖面上都为一定的强度设计。
在左曲柄1里侧的两角部处形成了倒角部11(参看图2)。左曲柄1的曲柄轴端部2中形成有用来使左曲柄1安装到曲柄轴上的曲柄轴安装孔5。通过插入此曲柄轴安装孔5内后就能使左曲柄1安装到曲柄轴上。在左曲柄1的踏板安装侧的踏板轴端部4中则形成有踏板安装孔6。踏板的踏板轴(图中未示明)的一端装配于该安装孔6内。
图2是左曲柄1的俯视图。图3是将左曲柄1沿图1中III-III线剖开时的剖面图,以曲柄的中央部3为中心从踏板轴端部4一侧直到曲柄轴端部2一侧内设有纯铝制的管芯7。管芯7所用金属也可以与构成左曲柄1的金属相同,但应尽可能是比重轻、耐热的,而且能经受如后所述的锻造压力的金属。
图4为左曲柄1的正视图。管芯7的剖面结构如图5所示。图5是沿图4中a-a、b-b、c-c、d-d各剖线的向视剖面图。图5(a)、5(b)、5(c)、5(d)分别是a-a、b-b、c-c、d-d向视剖面图。通过曲柄中央部3的内部管芯7,可以实现轻量化。此外,管芯7对于弯曲等机械应力也能起到一定作用。
管芯7的剖面结构是于曲柄轴端部2一侧成为将圆切断后的半圆形。管芯7的踏板轴端部4一侧有开口部15。开口部15如后所述与管芯7的内部空洞14通连。内部空洞14中暂由砂等填料充塞。充塞到管芯7内的填料是用来防止管芯7因热锻加压而溃塌。
填料也可以如后所述,在不取出保持原来的充塞状态下构成制品。踏板轴端部4一侧呈矩形变形成的扁平形。管芯7的剖面积连续地减小,至两端的高度为最小,即管芯7的形状大致呈所谓船底形。通过曲柄中部3内部的管芯7,可以实现轻量化。
曲柄轴端部2中设有曲柄轴安装孔5,孔内表面设有从内表面侧突出的凸缘8,与此凸缘8的里侧相连接地设有凹形细齿9。细齿9如图1所示在本例中为8个。齿数过少时,拧合强度不够,齿数过多则加工困难增加费用,同时在装配中于转动方向上确定分度位置的作业时也易出错。
曲柄轴安装孔5的比细齿9更靠里面的部分则构成锥形孔的定心部10(也称作导向部)。定心部10是里面增大的圆筒式锥孔形,本例中形成的锥度为2-3°。定心部10的锥面与曲柄轴(图中未示明)的定心部10的锥面密切结合,当两者的中心正好一致时,两者就能牢靠地连接成一体。
上述的左曲柄1由下述方法制造。图6为表明左曲柄1的铸造状态的铸模的剖面图。模具20与模具21之间供熔融金属流入的熔融空间22在模具20与模具21之中相分开。熔融空间22是按同左曲柄1大致相应的形状而区分出的空间,但考虑到熔融金属的收缩性而稍大一些。在熔融空间22中插入配置着管芯7。
管芯7是由发泡性火山玻璃烧成。图7是示明管芯7的外观与内部的立体图。管芯7的内孔30中装有火山玻璃等砂状填料32。填料32只要是能对熔融金属有耐热性并可经受后述锻造中的压缩载荷即可。
管芯7内充填填料32后加压使其两端由设置的平坦部33、34封口。一侧的平坦部33通过整体浇铸上熔融金属而形成左曲柄1的曲柄轴端部4。
如图6所示,使芯7定位于熔融空间22内。为使芯7正确定位于熔融空间,由泡沫苯乙烯等制成的隔片26对芯料7定位。熔融空间22经流道27与浇口28连通。
熔融的铝合金从浇口28注入,经流道27进入熔融空间22。此熔融的金属借重力对熔融空间22加压。这种铸造方法是不向熔融金属加压而只用重力这种压力进行普通浇注的模铸法,即所谓的重力模铸法。但仅仅通过铸造会在内部的金属组织中产生孔隙。故经铸造后,要在管芯7处于曲柄坯料29内的原样状态下进行型锻。型锻是装载于半密闭型的锻造用的半密闭模具35中作热锻。
图8是示明将曲柄坯料20置入下模具36内状态的剖面图。在下模具36中装载有曲柄坯料20。将此曲柄坯料20加热到所需温度置入下模具36后,用上模具37加压进行锻造加工。通过热锻,铸出的曲柄坯料29的长度、厚度、壁厚以及表面均得到了良好的精加工,曲柄坯料29的材质经锻压均质了,也强化了机械强度。
由于受热锻的管芯7是在置入曲柄坯料29内的状态下锻造,故能确保其形状而不会溃散。由于曲柄坯料20是管芯7内充填着填料32的状态,所以必须将填料取出。
如图9所示,用穿孔器39穿开曲柄坯料29的踏板安装孔6的下孔,并从开口部15取出填料32。此外,切断多余的平坦部33,之后,进行切削、磨削、研磨等机械加工形成图1-图5所示的左曲柄1的形状。
实施例
填料32如下。
商品名:“テラバル-ン”,株式会社カルシ-ド(千叶县市原市五井南海岸8番2号)制
成分(重量%):SiO2(77.3),Al2O3(12.8),Fe2O3(1.7),CaO(1.0),MgO(0.1),Na2O(3.2),K2O(2.9),TiO2(0.2),余下成分(0.9)。
粒度(μm):9.41(10%),27.71(50%),71.32(90%)
密度:轻装密度(0.30),重装密度(0.46),粒子密度(1.14)
耐热温度(℃):1,100
其它的实施形式
在上述实施形式中是将管芯7内的填料32于锻造后取出,但也可如图10所示不加取出而原样充填于管芯7的内部。此外,前面虽然是把火山玻璃用作填料,但也可采用天然的浮石、泡沫石膏之类较母材金属比重轻的,对熔融金属有耐热性的,而且具有能耐锻造压力的压缩强度的其它的填料。

Claims (9)

1.一种自行车用曲柄,其特征在于,所述曲柄内部有芯,此芯是由比构成曲柄的金属比重轻的充填材料和覆盖在所述充填材料上的外皮组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的自行车用曲柄,其特征在于,所述外皮为金属制的管状件。
3.一种自行车用曲柄,其特征在于,在所述曲柄内部的内周面上具有由与曲柄材料不同的金属包覆成的空心部,所述空心部构造成具有与外部通连的开口部,用来在铸造时将予先填在所述空心部内的填料取出。
4.如权利要求3所述的自行车用中空曲柄,其特征在于,所述的开口部配置于所述曲柄的踏板安装孔中。
5.一种自行车用曲柄的制造方法,其特征在于,在铸造所述曲柄的铸模内嵌入内部充塞有比构成曲柄的金属比重轻的填料并具有外皮的芯;将构成所述曲柄的金属熔化后注入所述铸模内,再由与所述芯成一体铸造凝固的铸造法制造所述曲柄。
6.如权利要求5所述的自行车用曲柄的制造方法,其特征在于,当由所述铸造法铸造出曲柄坯料后,再对所述曲柄坯料进行型锻加压成形。
7.如权利要求5所述的自行车用曲柄的制造方法,其特征在于,所述的铸造法是使所述熔融的金属借重力对模具加压的重力模铸法。
8.如权利要求5所述的自行车用曲柄的制造方法,其特征在于,所述芯的外皮是金属制的。
9.如权利要求5、6、7、8中任一项所述的自行车用曲柄的制造方法,其特征在于,通过机加工在所述外皮上形成开口部,取出所述填料而在曲柄中形成空心部。
CN97125947A 1996-12-27 1997-12-29 自行车用曲柄及其制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1093813C (zh)

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EP0850826A3 (en) 1999-07-07
EP1306295A2 (en) 2003-05-02
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EP0850826A2 (en) 1998-07-01
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JP3248676B2 (ja) 2002-01-21
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EP0850826B1 (en) 2003-11-19
CN1186749A (zh) 1998-07-08
DE69726249D1 (de) 2003-12-24
US6195894B1 (en) 2001-03-06
JPH10181663A (ja) 1998-07-07
EP1306295A3 (en) 2004-01-14
US6227070B1 (en) 2001-05-08
DE69735245D1 (de) 2006-04-20
TW340103B (en) 1998-09-11

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