CN1093767C - 蛋白激酶c抑制剂 - Google Patents
蛋白激酶c抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1093767C CN1093767C CN96194257A CN96194257A CN1093767C CN 1093767 C CN1093767 C CN 1093767C CN 96194257 A CN96194257 A CN 96194257A CN 96194257 A CN96194257 A CN 96194257A CN 1093767 C CN1093767 C CN 1093767C
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- chemical compound
- medicine
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- alkyl
- protein kinase
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的式(I)双吲哚马来酰亚胺大环衍生物。本发明还涉及它们的制备方法、药物制剂和用于抑制哺乳动物中蛋白激酶C的方法。
Description
蛋白激酶C(PKC)由一族密切相关的作为丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶起作用的酶组成。蛋白激酶C在细胞-细胞信号、基因表达中和在细胞分化和生长的调控中起着重要作用。目前,在其组织分布、酶特异性和调节作用方面各不相同的已知同功酶PKC至少有十种。Nishizuka Y.Annu Rev.Biochem.58:31-44(1989);Nishizuka Y.科学258:607-614(1992)。
蛋白激酶C同功酶是链长为592-737个氨基酸的单多肽链。同功酶包含通过连接肽连接的调节区和催化区。调节区和催化区可进一步划分为稳定区和可变区。蛋白激酶C的催化区于在其它蛋白激酶中观察到的十分相似,但调节区是PKC同功酶所特有的。组内的PKC同功酶在氨基酸水平的同源性在40-80%之间。然而,不同种类间的同功酶的同源性一般超过97%。
蛋白激酶C是的膜相关酶,受许多因子变构调节,这些因子包括膜磷脂、钙和一些膜的脂质如随磷酸酯酶活性释放的二酰基甘油。Bell,R.M.和Burns,D.J.,生物化学杂志:4661-4664(1991);Nishizuka,Y.科学258:607-614(1992)。蛋白激酶C的同功酶-α、β-1、β-2和γ的完全激活需膜磷脂、钙和二酰基甘油/佛波醇酯。δ、ε、η和θ形式的PKC的激活模式是钙非依赖性的。ζ和λ形式的PKC是钙和二酰基甘油非依赖性的,据信它们的激活仅需膜磷脂。
仅有一两种蛋白激酶C同功酶与已知的疾病有关。例如糖尿病中升高的血糖水平导致血管组织中β-2同功酶的同功酶特异性升高。Inoguchi等,美国国立科学院学报89:11059-11065(1992)。人血小板中β同功酶的糖尿病性升高与它们对激动剂的变化的反应相关联。Bastyr III,E.J.和Lu,糖尿病杂志42:(增补1)97A(1993)。据显示蛋白激酶Cβ可选择性地磷酰化人的维生素D受体。这种磷酰化与其受体功能的改变有关。Hsieh等,美国国立科学院学报88:9315-9319(1991);Hsieh等,生物化学杂志268:151180-15126(1993)。此外,近期的研究表明β-2同功酶引起红白血病的细胞增殖,而在该统一的细胞中α同功酶引起巨核细胞分化。Murray等,生物化学杂志268:15847-15853(1993)。
蛋白激酶C同功酶的普遍存在性和它们在生理学中的重要作用激发人们去生产高选择性的PKC抑制剂。由证明某些同功酶与疾病相关的已知证据,我们有理由确信与其它PKC同功酶和其它蛋白激酶相比,对一或两种蛋白激酶C同功酶具有选择性抑制作用的化合物是更好的治疗剂。由于其特异性,这类化合物应显示出较强的疗效和较低的毒性。
微生物的吲哚并咔唑,staurosporine是蛋白激酶C的一种有效抑制剂,它与酶的催化区间相互作用。Tamaoki等,生物化学和生物物理学研究通讯135:397-402(1986);Gross等,生化药理学,40:343-350(1990)。但该分子和密切相关化合物的治疗用途受到对蛋白激酶C和其它蛋白激酶缺乏特异性的局限。Ruegg,U.T.和Burgess,G.M.,药理科学趋势10:218-220(1989)。选择性的缺乏导致了这类分子无法接受的毒性。
另一类有关staurosporine的化合物,双吲哚马来酰亚胺是近期研究的焦点。Davis等,FEBS Lett.259:61-63(1989);Twoemy等,生物化学及生物物理学研究通讯171:1087-1092(1990);Toullec等,生物化学杂志266:15771-15781(1991);Davis等,药物化学杂志35:994-1001(1992);Bit等,药物化学杂志36:21-29(1993)。与对其它蛋白激酶相比,这类化合物中的一些对蛋白激酶C显示出选择性。
虽然已发现了对蛋白激酶C表现出特异性的化合物,但该化合物对于同功酶的选择性却很低。例如对staurosporine的同功酶选择性分析显示,它除对ζ同功酶具有较差抑制作用外,对同功酶基本上未显示出选择性(与同功酶相比)。McGlynn等,细胞生物化学杂志,49:239-250(1992);Ward,N.E和O’Brain,C.A.分子药理学41:387-392(1992)。PKC选择性化合物3-[1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-吲哚-3-基]-4-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮的研究表明对钙依赖性的同功酶有低微选择性。Toullec等,生物化学杂志266:15771-15781(1991)。随后对该化合物的研究观察到与β-1和β-2同功酶相比,对α同功酶具有无差别的或低微的选择性。Martiny-Baron等,生物学化学杂志268:9194-9197(1993);Wilkinson等,生物化学杂志294:335-337(1993)。因此,虽然进行了数年的研究,确定了与其它蛋白激酶相比较,抑制蛋白激酶C的数类化合物,但仍有治疗有效的同功酶选择性抑制剂的需求。
本发明提供新的高效蛋白激酶C抑制剂。与其它蛋白激酶相比,本发明的化合物对蛋白激酶C具有选择性,而且,十分出人意料地是其具有高度的同功酶选择性。作为选择性抑制剂,这些化合物可用于治疗糖尿病症及其并发症、局部缺血、炎症、中枢神经系统疾病、心血管疾病、皮肤病和癌症。
发明概述
本发明提供式I化合物:
其中:W是O,-S-或NH;R1独立地是氢,卤素,C1-C4烷基,羟基,C1-C4烷氧基,卤代烷基,硝基,-NH(C1-C4烷基),-N(C1-C4烷基)2或-NHCO(C1-C4烷基);
R2是氢,CH3CO-,NH2或羟基;
z是-(CH2)p-或-(CH2)p-O-(CH2)p-;
R6是-NH(CF3)或-N(CF3)(CH3);
m独立地是0,1,2或3;且
p独立地是0,1或2。
其中:
V是-O-或N-CH3;
W是O,-S-或-NH;R1独立地是氢,卤素,C1-C4烷基,羟基,C1-C4烷氧基,卤代烷基,硝基,-NH(C1-C4烷基),-N(C1-C4烷基)2或-NHCO(C1-C4烷基);
z是-(CH2)p-或-(CH2)p-O-(CH2)p-;
R6是-NH(CF3)或-N(CF3)(CH3);
m独立地是0,1,2或3;且
p独立地是0,1或2。
本发明另一方面提供一种抑制蛋白激酶C的方法,该方法包括给需此治疗的哺乳动物施用药物有效量的式I化合物。本发明还包括选择性抑制β-1和β-2蛋白激酶C同功酶的方法,包括给需此治疗的哺乳动物施用药物有效量的式I化合物。
本发明还提供治疗疾病的方法,据证明蛋白激酶C在这些疾病如局部缺血、炎症、中枢系统疾病、心血管疾病、皮肤病和癌症中起作用,该方法包括给需治疗的哺乳动物施用药物有效量的式I化合物。
本发明尤其可用于治疗糖尿病并发症。因此,本发明还提供一种治疗糖尿病并发症的方法,包括给需此治疗的哺乳动物施用药物有效量的式I化合物。
最后,本发明提供包含式I化合物与一种或多种可药用赋形剂、载体或稀释剂的药物组合物。
发明详述和优选实施方案
为达到本文所公开和讨论的发明目的,将术语和缩略语定义如下:
术语“卤素”代表氟、氯、溴或碘。
术语“C1-C4烷基”代表1-4个碳原子的环状、直链或支链烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、环丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基等。卤代烷基是被一个或多个卤素原子取代的这类烷基。卤代烷基的例子是三氟甲基。
C1-C4烷氧基是通过-O-键与母体结构共价键合的C1-C4烷基。
本说明书中采用的术语“离去基”是本领域普通技术人员所理解的。通常,离去基是任意增强为置换连接的原子的亲电性的基团或原子。优选的离去基团是triflate、甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯、亚氨酸酯、氯化物、溴化物和碘化物。如果烷基化试剂包含氨基酸残基(即X、W和Y联合形成-(CH2)n-AA-),相连于羧基的离去基团优选是五氟苯酯或对硝基苯酯。
本说明书中使用的术语“羧基保护基”指羧酸基的一种酯衍生物,在反应发生在化合物的其它功能基上时,常用于阻断或保护羧酸基。采用的羧基保护基种类并没有严格限定,只要衍生的羧酸在随后反应条件下是稳定的并且可在不破坏分子其余结构情况下在适当时机除去。T.W.Greene和P.Wuts,有机合成中的保护基,John Wiley和Sons,New York,N.Y.,1991,第5章,列出了常用的保护基。还参见Haslam,有机化学中的保护基,J.G.W.McOmie,Ed.,Plenum Press,New York,N.Y.,1973。相关的术语是“保护的羧基”,是指羧基-保护基。
本说明书中采用的术语“羟基保护基”是指羟基的一种醚或酯衍生物,在反应发生在化合物的其它功能基上时,常用于阻断或保护羟基。采用的羟基保护基种类并没有严格限定,只要衍生的羟基在反应条件下是稳定的并且可在不破坏分子其余结构情况下在适当时机除去。T.W.Greene和P.Wuts,有机合成中的保护基,John Wiley和Sons,New York,N.Y.,1991,其中列出了常用的保护基。优选的羟基保护基是叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷氧基(TBDPS),叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基(TBDMS),三苯甲基,甲氧基三苯甲基,或者烷基或芳基酯。相关的术语是“保护的羟基”,是指羟基保护基。
本说明书中使用的术语“氨基保护基”是指氨基的取代基,在反应发生在化合物的其它功能基上时,常用于阻断或保护氨基。采用的羧基保护基种类并没有严格限定,只要衍生的氨基在随后反应条件下是稳定的并且可在不破坏分子其余结构情况下在适当时机除去。T.W.Greene和P.Wuts,有机合成中的保护基,第7章,列出了常用的保护基。还参见J.W.Barson,有机化学中的保护基,第2章。优选的氨基保护基是叔丁氧羰基、邻苯二酰胺(pthalimide)、环烷基和苄氧羰基。相关术语“保护的氨基”是被所定义的氨基保护基取代的氨基。
本说明书中使用的术语“-NH保护基”指氨基保护基的亚类,它们在反应发生在化合物的其它功能基上时,常用于阻断或保护-NH功能。采用的羧基保护基种类并没有严格限定,只要衍生的氨基在反应条件下是稳定的并且可在不破坏分子其余结构情况下在适当时机除去。T.W.Greene和P.Wuts,有机合成中的保护基,第7章,第362-385页列出了常用的保护基。优选的-NH保护基是氨基甲酸酯、酰胺、烷基或芳基磺酰胺。相关术语“保护的-NH”是被所定义的-NH保护基取代的基团。
本文的术语“药物有效量”表示能够抑制哺乳动物中PKC活性的本发明化合物的量。当然,本发明所施用的化合物的具体剂量取决于具体的周围环境,包括所施用的化合物、施用途径、所医治的特定病症和类似的考虑。化合物可通过各种途径施用,包括经口服、直肠、经皮、皮下、局部、静脉内、肌内或鼻内途径。对各种适应症,本发明化合物的代表性每日剂量为约0.01mg/kg-约20mg/kg,优选的每日剂量是大约0.05至10mg/kg,理想的是约0.1mg/kg-约5mg/kg。但局部施用的代表性剂量为每cm2感染组织约1-约500μg。优选的化合物施用量范围为约30-约300μg/cm2,更优选为约50-约200μg/cm2,最优选在约60-约100μg/cm2。
本文使用的术语“治疗”描述的是为战胜疾病、病症或紊乱对患者的管理或护理,包括施用本发明的化合物以防止症状或并发症的发作,缓解症状或并发症,消除患者疾病、病症或紊乱。
术语“同功酶选择性”是指与蛋白激酶C同功酶α、γ、δ、ε、ζ和η相比,优势抑制蛋白激酶Cβ-1或β-2同功酶。通常,化合物在抑制PKCβ-1或β-2同功酶的所需剂量和同样抑制α蛋白激酶C同功酶所需的剂量间显示的差异最小为8倍(优选10倍)。化合物在整个抑制范围内都显示出差异,可例举IC50,即50%抑制时的差异。这样,同功酶选择性的化合物以低的多的浓度,和较低的毒性抑制蛋白激酶C的β-1和β-2同功酶,其原因是它们对其它PKC同功酶的低抑制。
如上所述,本发明提供选择性抑制蛋白激酶C的式I化合物。在本发明优选的化合物是那些其中Z是-(CH2)p-;且R6是NH(CF3)或N(CH3)(CF3),或者m独立地是0、1、2或3,且p是1的式I化合物。
由于它们的酸性部分,式I化合物包括其可药用的碱加成盐。这类盐包括那些由无机碱如氢氧化铵及碱金属和碱土金属氢氧化物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐等衍生的盐,以及由碱性有机胺,如脂族胺和芳香胺、脂族二胺、羟基烷胺等衍生的盐。因此,用于制备本发明的盐的这类碱包括氢氧化铵、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钙、甲胺、二乙胺、亚乙基二胺、环己胺、乙醇胺等。
由于碱性部分,式I化合物还可作为可药用的酸加成盐形式存在。常用于形成这类盐的酸包括无机酸,如盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸和磷酸,以及有机酸,如对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、草酸、对溴苯磺酸、碳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、乙酸及相关的无机和有机酸。这类可药用盐包括硫酸盐、焦硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、一氢磷酸盐、二氢磷酸盐、偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、癸酸盐、辛酸盐、丙烯酸盐、甲酸盐、异丁酸盐、庚酸盐、丙炔酸盐、草酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、癸二酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、2-丁炔-1,4-二酸盐、3-己炔-2,5-二酸盐、苯甲酸盐、氯代苯甲酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、甲氧基苯甲酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、二甲苯磺酸盐、苯乙酸盐、苯丙酸盐、苯丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、马尿酸盐、β-羟基丁酸盐、乙醇酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、丙磺酸盐、萘-1-磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐、扁桃酸盐等。
除可药用盐外,本发明还包括其它盐。它们可在化合物的纯化中、其它盐的制备中或者化合物或中间体的鉴别和定性中作为中间体。
式I化合物的可药用盐也可以各种溶剂化物形式存在,如与水、甲醇、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯等形成的溶剂化物。可以制备这类溶剂化物的化合物。这类溶剂化物可由结晶的溶剂、原有的制备或结晶溶剂或者与溶剂偶然得到。这类溶剂化物也在本发明的范围之中。
式I化合物可以各种立体异构体形式存在;例如W可在取代的亚烷基部分含有手性碳原子。化合物一般制备成外消旋体,并可方便地以外消旋体形式使用,但如果需要也可以采用常规技术分离或合成单一的对映体。这类外消旋体和单一对映体及人们的化合物也构成了本发明的一部分。
本发明还包括可药用的式I化合物药物前体。药物前体是化学改性的药物,在其作用位点是生物失活的,但当其经一种或多种酶促或者的其它体内过程的作用下降解或修饰为母体生物活性形式。药物前体应具有与母体化合物不同的药代动力学性质,易于透过粘膜上皮而吸收,较好的成盐性质或溶解度和/或改善的系统稳定性(例如延长的血浆半衰期)。这类代表性的化学改性包括:
1)可通过酯酶或脂酶裂解的酯或酰胺衍生物;
2)可被特异性或非特异性蛋白酶识别的肽;或者
3)通过药物前体或改性药物前体的膜选择性在作用位点积累的衍生物;或者上述1-3的任意组合。例如在H.Bundgaard,药物前体设计(1985)中描述了选择和制备合适药物前体衍生物的常规方法。
某些双吲哚-N-马来酰亚胺衍生物的合成记述于Davis等的美国专利5057614中,将其引入本文作为参考。通常,本发明的化合物可如下进行制备:
R1,m和卤素如前面所定义。卤素优选氯、溴或碘。化合物III优选是2,3-二氯N-甲基马来酰亚胺。
化合物III与吲哚,化合物IV之间的反应是常见的Grignard反应。该反应在惰性有机溶剂如甲苯中、在室温和反应混合物的回流温度间进行。最重要的是,路线1中描述的反应取决于溶剂条件。当在甲苯∶THF∶乙醚溶剂系统中进行时,反应获得化合物V的收率大于80%,纯度高于95%。用氯化铵,NH4Cl从反应混合物中沉淀产物。可采用普通技术分离得到的中间体,化合物V。
然后,可运用本领域已知的技术和Brenner等在四面体44:2887-2892(1988)中的描述碱水解双-3,4(3’-吲哚基)-1N-甲基-吡咯-2,5-二酮,化合物V,使其转化为相应的式VI酸酐。化合物V优选在25℃-回流温度与5N KOH的乙醇溶液反应。
式V化合物通常比式VI化合物稳定。因此,化合物V优选按照路线2反应生成式I化合物。当然,本领域普通技术人员知道式VI化合物也可按照路线2反应。
Z,R6和m如前面所定义。L是良好的离去基团,如氯、溴、碘、甲磺酰基、甲苯磺酰基等。L也可以是羟基或其它通过本领域已知的技术易于转化为良好离去基的前体。例如羟基可方便地转化为磺酸酯如甲磺酸酯,如通过羟基与甲磺酰氯反应生成甲磺酸酯离去基。
路线2代表的反应可采用任何已知的制备N-取代的吲哚的方法完成。该反应通常包括约等摩尔量的两种试剂,虽然也可以是其它比例,但优选其中烷基化试剂是过量的情况。该反应最好在极性非质子溶剂中,使用碱金属盐或在其它本领域适宜的烷基化条件中进行。当离去基是溴或氯时,可加入催化量的碘盐,如碘化钾加速反应。反应条件包括:二甲基甲酰胺或四氢呋喃中的六甲基二硅叠氮化钾(potassium hexamethyldisilazide),二甲基甲酰胺中的氢化钠。
反应优选在缓慢逆加入(reverse addition)碳酸铯的乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)或四氢呋喃(THF)溶液下进行。反应温度优选在约室温至约反应混合物的回流温度之间。
本领域普通技术人员应知道路线2描述的反应可使用式VIIa化合物:
L-Y’
L-X’
VIIa
X’和Y’是保护的羧基,保护的羟基或者保护的胺。路线2的烷基化后,X’和Y’可转化为能够偶联形成权利要求化合物的部分结构。该方法是制备其中W是-S-、-O-或NH的式I化合物的优选方法。X’和Y’形成各种醚、硫醚或氨基醚衍生物的偶联是本领域已知的,记述于Ito等,Chem.Pharm.Bull.41(6):1066-1073(1993);Kato等,J.Chem.Pharm.Bull.34:486(1986);Goodrow等,合成1981:457;Harpp等,美国化学会志93:2437(1971);和Evans等,有机化学杂志50:1830(1985)。
本领域普通技术人员会认识到路线2的反应可采用适宜的保护基作为两步合成反应进行。即采用适宜的保护基,式V和VI化合物的每个吲哚基氮的烷基化可按照本文所述的分两步进行(在缓慢逆加入下烷基化一个吲哚基,然后通过烷基化第二个吲哚基闭合大环)。
最意想不到的是当烷基化在缓慢逆加入到Cs2CO3的极性非质子溶剂中时,可以相当高的收率制备本发明化合物。缓慢逆加入包括将化合物与烷基化试剂的混合物与碱以0.1毫升/小时-2.0毫升/小时的速率混合。混合物中每一试剂的浓度为约1.5摩尔-约0.001摩尔。缓慢加入导致反应容器中试剂的浓度为约0.01微摩尔-约1.5摩尔。本领域普通技术人员应知道加入的速率越快,则反应中可用的试剂浓度越低。化合物优选以约0.14毫升/小时速率加入,化合物和烷基化试剂为0.37摩尔。优选加入过量的Cs2Co3--最优选以Cs2Co3与烷基化试剂为4∶1的比例加入。优选的极性非质子溶剂是乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、丙酮、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、二恶烷、二甘醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃(THF)或者其它试剂在其中溶解的极性非质子溶剂。反应在约0℃-回流温度范围内进行。本领域普通技术人员会认识到化合物和烷基化试剂的混合物的比例并不十分重要。但试剂优选以彼此0.5-3当量的比率混合。最优选试剂以1∶1混合。
当V是N-CH3时,化合物II通过碱水解转化为相应的酸酐(V是O)。碱水解包括将化合物与碱,如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾在C1-C4醇(优选乙醇)、DMSO/水、二恶烷/水或者乙腈/水中在约25℃-优选约回流温度范围内进行反应。反应物的浓度没有严格限定。
酸酐(V是O)通过氨解转化为式I的马来酰亚胺。氨解包括将酸酐与过量六甲基二硅氮烷或铵盐(乙酸铵、溴化铵或氯化铵)和C1-C4醇(优选甲醇)在进行非质子溶剂如DMF在室温下反应。六甲基二硅氮烷或铵盐优选以大于约5∶1当量的酸酐的比率反应。
路线3还概括了另一种制备式I化合物的方法。当W是-NH时,该方法尤其有用。
Ac是乙酰基。R6、Z和m如前述所定义。化合物VI和VIII的烷基化在先前所述的、本领域已知的条件下进行。化合物IX与α-卤代酮、化合物X的烷基化发先前所述的条件下发生。酸酐向马来酰亚胺,化合物XI的转化在先前所述的条件下发生。例如酸酐通过与六甲基二硅氮烷和甲醇在惰性有机溶剂如DMF中在室温下反应之中为双吲哚马来酰亚胺。
OAc表示的被保护的羟基易于水解形成醇(例如在碳酸钾的含水甲醇和THF中)。所得的醇通过本领域已知的方法,如在0℃使醇与甲磺酰氯在三乙胺中反应转化为离去基。在50℃,离去基在DMF中被叠氮化物,如叠氮化钠取代。通过运用Lindlar催化剂在H2存在下将所得叠氮化物还原为胺。大环通过分子内席夫碱闭合。席夫碱在标准条件下,如NaCNBH3或其它还原试剂下还原生成式I大环分子。
本发明的中间体是按照路线4制备的。该路线在制备其中W是-O-的化合物中尤其有用。
R8是N3、NH-保护基、胺保护基或羟基保护基;m独立地是0、1、2或3;L是良好的离去基,如氯、溴、碘、甲磺酰基和甲苯磺酰基等。L优选是甲磺酰基。R8优选是被保护的羟基,最优选是-O三苯甲游基。路线4代表大环分子连接部分的立体选择性合成方法。S-对映体如上所示;当然,本领域普通技术人员应知道互补对映体或对映体的混合物也可以类似方式制备。另外,本领域普通技术人员还应认识到与甲基取代的环氧化物或格林试剂的类似反应可用于制备包含甲基取代的亚烷基的各种接头。
在上面的反应中,用格林试剂将环氧化物、化合物(XIV)打开。该反应在铜配合剂的存在下进行;当然也可以使用其它烷基化试剂。该反应在惰性溶剂中在-30℃-反应混合物的回流温度范围内进行。该反应产生化合物(XV),其无需进一步纯化即可用于下步反应。化合物(XV)在本领域已知的制备醚的一般条件下烷基化。路线4所示的反应是威廉逊制醚反应。使用NaH,NaOH或KOH生成醇钠,然后用烯丙基溴烷基化产生二烯化合物(XVI)。运用普通技术将化合物(XVI)转化为醇,化合物(XVII)。例如化合物(XVI)可在低温下用臭氧处理转化为臭氧化物。然后,臭氧化物用NaBH4,LiAlH4,BH3或者用过量H2催化氢化还原生成醇,化合物(XVII)。化合物(XVII)的羟基部分可运用普通技术,如将醇与甲磺酰氯在三乙胺中反应转化为离去基L。
在上述所有反应路线中,反应优选在有适宜保护基的条件下进行。尤其是在烷基化和/或酰基化期间,R1优选是被保护的,然后脱保护。另外,如果R6要形成-NH(CF3),则该反应最好在有氨基保护基下进行。当然,本领域普通技术人员知道如果采用适宜的反应条件、阻断试剂等,这其中的许多反应可在没有保护基下进行。当大环包含羟基结构时,在吲哚的烷基化或酰基化期间优选将羟基以叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基(TBDPS)或三苯甲基(三苯甲游基)保护。可采用普通技术将所得式I化合物分离和纯化。
路线1-4的化合物和所述反应所需的任何其它试剂或是本领域已知的有市售的化合物;或者可采用本领域已知的方法制备。例如化合物III可按照Edge等在Chem.and Ind.130(1991)中描述的技术制备;化合物IV优选通过将适宜取代的吲哚与烷基卤化镁,如乙基溴化镁以已知方式反应来制备。
下面提供所实施例和制剂仅用于说明本发明。本发明的范围不可仅以实施例组成的范围来解释。为有助于本领域技术人员的理解,下面给出代表性化合物的结构以说明本文采用的命名方法:
在下面的实施例和制备中,熔点、核磁共振光谱、质谱、硅胶高压液相色谱、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、披钯碳、四氢呋喃和乙酸乙酯分别缩写为M.Pt.,NMR,MS,HPLC,DMF,Pd/C,THF和EtOAc。术语“NMR”和“MS”表示与目的结构一致的光谱。
制备例1
2,3-双-(3’-吲哚基)-呋喃-1,4-二酮
将乙醇钠(3.56g,50mmol)加到含2,3-二氯马来酸酐(5.56g,33.3mmol)甲胺盐酸盐(3.50g,55.0mmol)的40ml乙酸中。该混合物在CaCl2干燥管中25℃下搅拌16小时,然后回流4小时。将冷却的混合物倾入水(50ml)中,用EOAc萃取三次(3×75ml)。合并的有机萃取液用100ml份的饱和NaHCO3水溶液、水和盐水洗,并干燥(MgSO4)。减压蒸发溶剂。残余物在乙醇中结晶,得到3.82g(64%)白色结晶,2,3-N-甲基马来酰亚胺。浓缩母液,残余物进行径向制备层色谱(Chromatotron,Harrison Research),获得另外0.81g 2,3-二氯N-结晶马来酰亚胺,收率为77%。
在1小时期间,在N2下,往吲哚(10.5g,90mmol)的175ml干燥甲苯溶液中滴加乙基溴化镁溶液(1.0MTHF,90ml,90mmol)。滴加完毕后,将亮绿色溶液在40℃加热30分钟,然后冷却到25℃。用30分钟时间加入2,3-二氯N-甲基马来酰亚胺(3.8g,21mmoL)的50ml甲苯溶液。反应混合物在100℃加热3小时,然后冷却到25℃,加入100ml 20%的柠檬酸水溶液使反应停止。反应物分层,水相用EtOAc(50ml)萃取。合并的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥。减压蒸发溶剂。残余物加到30ml丙酮中并使其在5℃放置40小时。收集固体并用冰冷乙醚洗,得到5.25g(73%)红色固体3,4-双-(3’-吲哚基)-1-甲基吡咯-2,5-二酮,M.Pt.276-278℃。
往3,4-双-(3’-吲哚基)-1-甲基吡咯-2,5-二酮的150ml乙醇溶液中加入5NKOH(50ml)。该混合物在25℃搅拌4小时,用150ml水稀释。减压蒸发大部分乙醇。然后将混合物酸化至pH 1。将沉淀的产物过滤并用水洗。粗产物溶在少量CH2Cl2中,并缓慢滤过两英寸的硅胶柱,用50%EtOAc的己烷溶液洗脱,得到红色固体状标题混合物(3.10g,79%)。M.Pt.225-228℃。
制备例2
1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-4-
(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-丁-3-醇
往3-丁烯-1-醇(15g,0.21mol)的无水CH2Cl2(110ml)溶液中加入咪唑(28.6g,0.42mol,2eq),然后加入叔丁基二甲硅烷氯化物(32g,0.22mol)。90分钟后,TLC(10%EtOAc/己烷)指示反应完成。将CH2Cl2溶液转移到分液漏斗中,用CH2Cl2(110ml)稀释,用水(200ml)和盐水(200ml)洗。收集有机相,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并除去溶剂,得到油(1-(O-TBDMS)-3-丁烯),该油可加到下步反应中。MS
将上述的油溶在丙酮(400ml)和水(50ml)的混合物中。然后加入N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(85.2g,0.63mol,3eq)。将所得浆状物冷却到0℃,10分钟后加入催化量的OsO4(0.3g)。将所得浆状物搅拌过夜,期间逐渐升温至室温。用TLC(25%EtOAc/己烷)指示反应完成。用亚硫酸氢钠使反应混合物停止反应,用乙醚(1L)稀释,用水(400ml)和盐水(400ml)洗。收集有机层,水层用乙醚萃取(2×500ml)。将合并的有机层干燥、过滤并浓缩,得到油状4-(O-TBDMS)-1,2-丁二醇,该产物可加到下步反应中。
将上述的油溶解在无水CH2Cl2(250ml)中。搅拌下,往该溶液中加入固体咪唑(30g,0.44mol,2.5eq)。所得溶液冷却到0℃。冷却15分钟后,用45分钟滴加叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氯化物(50g,0.18mol,1eq)的CH2Cl2(50ml)溶液。滴加完毕后,在0℃继续搅拌2.5小时。将溶液转移到分液漏斗中,用CH2Cl2(250ml)稀释,用水、盐水洗,经MgSO4干燥并过滤。减压蒸出溶剂得到油状粗产物。该粗产物通过硅胶短柱洗脱(10%EtOAc/己烷)纯化。真空除去洗脱溶剂,得到粘稠油状的标题中间体(78.1g,总收率93%)。MS
制备例3
1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-3-(3-碘丙氧基)-4-
(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-丁烷
在N2气氛下,往制备4的醇的二氯甲烷(20ml)/环己烷(100ml)溶液中加入三氯乙酰亚氨酸烯丙酯(allyl trichloroacetimidate)(17.82g,88mmol,2.2eq),然后加入三氟甲磺酸(50μL/g原料,0.92ml)。20小时后,过滤溶液,滤液用饱和NaHCO水溶液、水和盐水洗。收集有机层并经MgSO4干燥。除去溶剂得到油,该油通过闪式硅胶色谱,用己烷和极性增至含5%乙酸乙酯的数升己烷溶液洗脱纯化,得到19.27g烯丙醚,1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-3-(丙烯基氧)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-丁烷(收率97%亮棕色油)。MS
在氮气氛下,往上述烯丙醚(14.16g,28.38mmol,1eq)的THF(60ml)溶液中滴加9-BBN(9-硼双环[3.3.1]壬烷,0.5M THF溶液,60ml,30mmol,1.1eq)。3小时后,反应的TLC(10%EtOAc的己烷溶液)显示原料已被耗尽。往该溶液中加入3M NaOH水溶液(10.41ml,31.22mmol,1.1eq),然后缓慢滴加(1.5小时)30%过氧化氢(10.3ml,90.82mmol,3.2eq)。将用过氧化物停止反应期间的反应温度保持在50℃以下(冰浴)。
30分钟后,加入氯化钠直至溶液饱和。移取有机层;水层用乙醚萃取;合并的有机层干燥并过滤;滤液浓缩得到油。粗产物油经闪式硅胶色谱,用10%EtOAc/己烷和极性增至20%EtOAc/己烷的约1.5升溶剂洗脱纯化后,得到9.53g浅黄色油(收率65%)。MS。
在0℃和剧烈搅拌下,往上述醇的无水乙醚(150ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(2.93g,28.91mmol,1.5eq),然后滴加甲磺酰氯(3.31g,28.91mmol,1.5eq)。在0℃保持3小时后,TLC(10%EtOAc的己烷溶液)指示原料被耗尽。将反应用乙醚稀释,用水、盐水洗,经MgSO4干燥,并除去溶剂。所得油滤过硅胶板,并用25%EtOAc/己烷洗脱,浓缩洗脱液。往所得油的丙酮(200ml)溶液中加入NaHCO3(0.17g,1.93mmol,0.1eq)和NaI(28.88g,192.7mmol,10eq)。在氮气氛下室温搅拌30分钟后,用水浴将反应加热到50℃。2.5小时后,TLC(10%EtOAc的己烷溶液)指示甲磺酸酯已被耗尽。反应混合物用乙醚稀释(500ml),用冷的饱和的Na2SO3水溶液、水、盐水洗,干燥(MgSO4),除去溶剂。所得油滤过硅胶板,用5%EtOAc的己烷溶液洗脱,得到10.3g无色油状的纯净的标题混合物(收率85%)。
制备例4(±)3,4-[(N,N-1,1’-(3”-3-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧亚甲基)己烷)-双-(3,3’-吲
哚基)]-1-(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮
在60℃,在15小时内,用注射泵将含3-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基亚甲基-1 6-二溴己烷二溴化物(5.64g,11mmol,类似于制备例2的苯甲酰衍生物制备)的双-(3,3’-吲哚基)-1-(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(3.41g,10.0mmol)的DMF(50ml)溶液加到Cs2CO3(11.2g,34.3mmol)的DMF(350ml)浆状物中。添加完4小时后,将反应冷却到室温,倾入水中(1.5L),用CH2Cl2(3×300ml)萃取。有机相用水、盐水洗,过滤并浓缩。浓缩物用闪式色谱,用10%-25%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱纯化,得到2.95g红色油状的大环化合物3,4-[(N,N-1,1’-(3”-3-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧亚甲基)己烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1-(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(收率43%)。MS。
制备例5
(S)4-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基-3-(烯丙基氧)丁酸甲酯
在氮气氛和搅拌下,往(S)4-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基-3-(羟基)-丁酸甲酯(20.0g,53.7mmol)的环己烷(400ml)溶液中加入三氯乙酰亚氨酸烯丙酯(21.74g,1.7.4mmol),然后在30分钟内分五次加入三氟甲磺酸(1ml,50ml/g醇)。70小时后,过滤生成的固体,滤饼用环己烷洗,真空除去挥发物。所得油放在旋塞硅胶上并用己烷洗,产物用10%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗。NMR指示有残留亚氨酸酯的存在(计算量为10%);该产物在进一步使用中无需纯化。得到24.76g残余物,其中约22.2g为目的产物(收率100%)。MS。
制备例6
(S)4-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基-3-(2-碘代乙氧基)-1-碘代丁烷
在-75℃和N2气氛下,用40分钟将DIBAL-H(231ml,1.0M,231mmol于甲苯中)滴加到(S)4-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基-3-(烯丙基氧)-丁酸甲酯(23.8g,57mmol)的无水THF(1.0L)溶液中。搅拌1.5小时后,使该混合物温热至-10℃,用5%水的甲醇溶液和大量硅藻土使反应中止。将中止的反应混合物滤过一层硅藻土;滤液浓缩并分配到乙醚和20%柠檬酸溶液中。乙醚层干燥并真空浓缩。残余的油滤过一层硅胶,用氯仿洗脱,得到20.6g(S)4-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基-3-烯丙基氧-丁烷-1-醇(93%)。
在-78℃,往(S)4-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基-3-烯丙基氧-丁烷-1-醇(20.6g,53.6mmol)的甲醇(500ml)溶液中通约12分钟臭氧。待反应混合物变成淡蓝色后,往反应容器中加入NaBH4(12.2g,321mmol,6eq)。使反应升温至室温。真空除去挥发物。残余物滤过旋塞硅胶,用乙酸乙酯洗脱得到16.4g(79%)无色油状的(S)4-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基-3-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-丁烷-1-醇。
在0℃氮气氛下,往(S)4-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基-3-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-丁烷-1-醇(15.7g,40.4mmol)的乙醚(600ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(16.8ml,121mmol),然后加入甲磺酰氯(9.38ml,121mmol)。3小时后,过滤溶液;滤液用水(2x)、盐水(2x)洗,经Na2SO4干燥并真空浓缩。残余物得到可直接使用的有色油状的21.9g双甲磺酸酯(>99%)。将双甲磺酸酯溶在丙酮(1.4L)中,该丙酮是用碳酸钾蒸馏过的。往该溶液中加入NaI(90.4g,603mmol)和0.05eq NaHCO3(170mg,2mmol)。该反应混合物在56℃保持24小时,然后过滤;滤液真空浓缩。残余物分配到乙醚和10%Na2SO3中,乙醚层用盐水洗,经Na2SO4干燥,并浓缩得到17.9g(73.2%)无色油状的(S)4-叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基-3-(2-碘代-乙氧基)-碘代丁烷。总收率为54%。MS∶MW=608.39;实测559(M-叔丁基;FD,CHCl3)。
制备例7
(S)-3-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基亚甲基)-1.6-二溴己烷
按照制备外消旋二溴化物,3-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧甲基)-1,6-二溴己烷中描述的相同方法,在0℃将(S)-(-)-3-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧甲基)-1,6-己二醇(4.85g,12.53mmol)与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(5.35g,30.1mmol)和三苯膦(7.87g,30.1mmol)在CH2CL2(150ml)中反应,得到澄明的无色油状化合物(S)-(-)-3-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧甲基)-1,6-二溴己烷4.81g(75%),由TLC(Rf=0.8,10%EtOAc的己烷溶液)表明它是单一的。该化合物的TLC特性和1H光谱在各方面均与外消旋异构体一致。MS。
1H NMR(300NHz,CDCl3) 1.06(s,9H),1.35-2.10(m,7H),3.55(m,4H),3.56(app d,2H,J=4Hz),7.40和7.64(m,10H).
制备例8
1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-3-(2-碘代乙氧基)-4-
(叔丁基联苯基)-丁烷
在氮气氛下,将烯丙醚1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-3-(烯丙基氧)-4-(叔丁基联苯基)-丁烷(21.6g,43.4mmol)溶于甲醇(500ml)并冷却到-78℃。向反应中吹入臭氧,11分钟后TLC(9己烷/l乙酸乙酯)表明已完成。加入硼氢化钠(9.9g,6eq),5分钟后,使反应温热到室温,真空除去甲醇。将残余物悬浮在乙醚(800ml)中。乙醚用水洗,水层再用乙醚回洗。合并的有机层用盐水洗,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并真空浓缩得到油状物。用5%乙酸乙酯/己烷使该油状物通过硅胶板,然后用25%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱产物,得到11.0g(收率50%)浅黄色油状的醇,1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-3-(2-(羟基)乙氧基)-4-(叔丁基联苯基)-丁烷。MS.NMR.
在氮气氛、5℃下,往醇,1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-3-(2-(羟基)乙氧基)-4-(叔丁基联苯基)-丁烷(11.0g,21.9mmol)的无水乙醚(200ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(4.6ml,1.5eq)和甲磺酰氯(2.5ml,1.5eq)。1.5小时后,TLC(5%乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷)监测反应完成。反应物用乙醚(250ml)稀释,用水(2x)、盐水(2x)洗,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并真空浓缩,得到油。用5%乙酸乙酯/己烷使该油状物通过硅胶板,然后用25%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱产物,得到11.6g(收率91%)的油状甲磺酰酯,1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-3-(2-(甲磺酰氧基)乙氧基)-4-(叔丁基联苯基)-丁烷。MS.NMR.
在氮气氛下,往甲磺酰酯1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-3-(2-(甲磺酰氧基)乙氧基)-4-(叔丁基联苯基)-丁烷(11.6g,20mmol)的丙酮(300ml)溶液中加入碘化钠(44g,15eq)和碳酸氢钠(170mg,0.1eq)。将混合物回流18小时,然后真空下除去丙酮。所得残余物悬浮于乙醚中,用水(2x)洗,并用乙醚再回洗水相。合并的乙醚相用10%亚硫酸钠溶液洗、盐水(2x)洗,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并真空浓缩,得到10.7g(收率87%)油状的标题碘化物,该产物无需纯化即可用于下步反应。MS.NMR.
制备例9
3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(羟基)-
丁烷-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2.5-二酮
在氮气氛下,往(3,3’-吲哚基)-1-(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(17.9g,52.5mmol,3eq)的二甲基甲酰胺(250ml)溶液中加入碳酸铯(68.4g,4eq)。往所得悬浮液中加入碘化物,1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-3-(2-碘代乙氧基)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-丁烷(10.7g,17.5mmol)。该反应在室温搅拌18小时,TLC(5%乙酸乙酯/己烷)显示碘化物消失。将反应物倾入乙酸乙酯(1200ml),用1N HCl(400ml)洗,然后用乙酸乙酯回洗(2x)。将合并的乙酸乙酯部分用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗(2x),干燥(MgSO4),过滤并真空浓缩。通过用二甲苯共沸除去二甲基甲酰胺。所得红色胶状物加到二氯甲烷和乙腈中搅拌,得到固体悬浮物。浓缩,再加入多量的二氯甲烷,冷却并过滤得到红色固体。通过再次在二氯甲烷中研磨和然后再在乙酸乙酯中从该固体中提取出部分目的产物。将滤液真空浓缩,并将所得残余物吸附于硅胶,应用闪式柱色谱。用5己烷/1乙酸乙酯洗脱除去二烷基化的副产物,然后用3己烷/1乙酸乙酯洗脱得到8.2g(57%)单烷基化产物,3-[(N-1-(2-乙氧基-(3-(O)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-丁烷))-吲哚-3-基]-4-[吲哚-3-基]-1N(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮。MS.NMR.
在氮气氛和5℃下,往叔丁基二甲硅烷醚,3-[(N-1-(2-乙氧基-(3-(O)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-1-(叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基)-丁烷))-吲哚-3-基]-4-[吲哚-3-基]-1N(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(8.2g,9.9mmol)的甲醇(450ml)溶液中加入对甲苯磺酸(0.16g,0.085eq)。2小时后,TLC(50%乙酸乙酯/己烷)显示反应接近完成。用固体碳酸氢钠(0.14g)中止反应。真空除去甲醇。所得残余物溶于乙酸乙酯,用0.1N氢氧化钠、盐水(2x)洗,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并真空浓缩得到红色泡沫物。该泡沫物吸附于硅胶,置于硅胶板上。用2己烷/1乙酸乙酯洗脱除去残留的原料,然后用1己烷/1乙酸乙酯和1己烷/2乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到6.4g(91%)醇,3-[(N-1-(2-乙氧基-(3-(O)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-1-(羟基)-丁烷))-吲哚-3-基]-4-[吲哚-3-基]-1N(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮。MS.NMR.
在氮气氛和5℃下,往醇,3-[(N-1-(2-乙氧基-(3-(O)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-1-(羟基)-丁烷))-吲哚-3-基]-4-[吲哚-3-基]-1N(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(6.36g,8.9mmol)的无水乙醚(500ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(1.9ml,1.5eq)和甲磺酰氯(1.0ml,1.5eq)。3小时后,再加入三乙胺(1.25ml,1.0eq)和甲磺酰氯(0.7ml,1.0eq)。1小时后,TLC(50%乙酸乙酯/己烷)显示反应完成。该反应物用乙醚(250ml)稀释,用水、0.1N HCl和盐水洗(2x)。将乙醚液干燥(MgSO4),过滤并真空浓缩,得到7.0g甲磺酸酯,3-[(N-1-(2-乙氧基-(3-(O)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-1-(甲磺酰氧基)-丁烷))-吲哚-3-基]-4-[吲哚-3-基]-1N(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮。MS.
在氮气氛下,往甲磺酸酯,3-[(N-1-(2-乙氧基-(3-(O)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-1-(甲磺酰氧基)-丁烷))-吲哚-3-基]-4-[吲哚-3-基]-1N(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(7.0g,8.9mmol)的丙酮(200ml)溶液中加入碘化钠(13.3g,10eq)和碳酸氢钠(75mg,0.1eq)。该混合物在50℃搅拌13小时。真空浓缩反应物,残余物溶于乙醚中,用10%亚硫酸钠溶液洗。分层后,醚层用10%亚硫酸钠溶液、水、盐水洗(2x),干燥并真空浓缩。残余物结果硅胶板,用1己烷/1乙酸乙酯和1己烷/2乙酸乙酯洗,得到7.6g红色固体状碘化物,3-[(N-1-(2-乙氧基-(3-(O)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-1-(碘代)-丁烷))-吲哚-3-基]-4-[吲哚-3-基]-1N(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(两步的定性收率)。MS.NMR.
在氮气氛下,用65小时,往碳酸铯(12.0g,4eq)的二甲基甲酰胺(1L)悬浮液中经注射泵加入溶在二甲基甲酰胺(25ml)中的碘化物,3-[(N-1-(2-乙氧基-(3-(O)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-1-(碘代)-丁烷))-吲哚-3-基]-4-[吲哚-3-基]-1N(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(7.6g,9.2mmol)。添加完毕3小时后,真空浓缩反应物。残余物溶于乙酸乙酯(700ml),用水(2×300ml)洗,水层用乙酸乙酯回洗(2×200ml)。合并的乙酸乙酯部分用盐水洗(2×200ml),干燥(MgSO4),过滤并真空浓缩红紫色残余物。将残余物吸附于硅胶并应用于闪式柱色谱。用3己烷/1乙酸乙酯洗,然后用1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗,得到5.2g(82%)大环分子,3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3-(O)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮。MS.NMR.
将N-甲基马来酰亚胺、3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3-(O)-4-(叔丁基联苯基甲硅烷氧基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮在5NKOH(150ml)和乙醇(300ml)中的悬浮液在室温搅拌65小时,然后在60℃搅拌1小时。该反应物真空浓缩(150ml),残余物悬浮于水中,冷却到5℃,用浓盐酸酸化(pH 3)。该红色水悬浮液用乙酸乙酯萃取(4×200ml),干燥并真空浓缩,得到3.3g红紫色固体状粗产物酸酐醇,2,3-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3-(O)-4-(羟基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-呋喃-1,4-二酮。MS.
在氮气氛下,往2,3-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3-(O)-4-(羟基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-呋喃-1,4-二酮(3.3g,7.5mmol)的二甲基甲酰胺(250ml)溶液中加入1,1,1,3,3,3-六甲基二硅氮烷(32ml,2eq)和甲醇(3ml,10eq)。该反应物在室温搅拌16小时,然后在60℃搅拌2小时。真空除去二甲基甲酰胺,所得残余物溶于乙腈(250ml)。加入1N HCl(50ml)。将反应搅拌15分钟。浓缩反应物,并将其分配到乙酸乙酯(1L)和水(250ml)中。沉淀的固体产物是醇马来酰亚胺,3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(羟基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮,0.92g(28%)产物。将少量产物(50mg)吸附于硅胶并运用闪式柱色谱。用二氯甲烷、5%乙腈/二氯甲烷、然后是10%乙腈/二氯甲烷洗脱,得到38mg分析纯的产物。将乙酸乙酯浓缩并进行色谱,得到另外8%的粗产物。MS
1H NMR(d6-DMSO):δ1.96(1H,m);2.09(1H,m);3.31(1H,m);
3.40(1H,m);3.51(1H,m);3.62(1H,m);3.89(1H,m);4.18
(3H,m);4.35(1H,m),4.68(1H,t,J=2Hz);7.11(2H,m);
7.19(2H,m);7.44(1H,s)7.46(1H,d,J=9Hz);7.51(1H,
s)7.53(1H,d,J=9Hz);7.79(1H,d,J=8Hz);7.83(1H,
制备例103,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(N,N-二甲氨基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-
吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮HCl盐
在氮气氛下,往醇,3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(羟基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(472mg,1.07mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(140ml)悬浮液中加入吡啶(260μl,3eq)和甲磺酸酐(242mg,1.3eq)。4小时后,该反应物用二氯甲烷稀释,用0.1N HCl洗(2x)并过滤除去原料(54mg)。二氯甲烷部分用盐水洗(2x),干燥并浓缩得到红紫色固体状的甲磺酸酯粗品。使该产物吸附于硅胶并上样于闪式柱,顺次用二氯甲烷、5%乙腈/二氯甲烷和10%乙腈/二氯甲烷洗脱,得到288mg(收率52%)甲磺酸酯,3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(甲磺酰氧基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮。MS.NMR.
往甲磺酸酯,3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(甲磺酰氧基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(304mg,0.59mmol)的四氢呋喃(20ml)溶液中加入8.9M二甲胺的四氢呋喃(7ml,100eq)溶液。在密封管中加热24小时后,(65℃),该反应物用乙酸乙酯(200ml)稀释,盐水洗(2x),干(燥并浓缩得到固体状的二甲胺衍生物粗品。使该反应物吸附于硅胶并上样于闪式柱,顺次用3乙酸乙酯/1己烷、乙酸乙酯和2%异丙胺/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到193mg(收率70%)的二甲胺衍生物,经HPLC检测纯度为90%。采用反相大小排阻色谱法,用85乙腈/15(0.01%TFA/水)洗脱纯化,得到纯度大于95%的三氟乙酸盐形式的二甲胺衍生物,3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(N,N-二甲氨基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮。
通过将3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(N,N-二甲氨基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮的三氟乙酸盐悬浮在乙酸乙酯中,用0.1N NaOH温和地洗涤(5×50ml)将其转化为HCl盐。该乙酸乙酯部分用盐(水洗(2x),干燥并浓缩得到游离碱,3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(N,N-二甲氨基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮。往该游离碱,3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(N,N-二甲氨基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮的无水甲醇(50ml)悬浮液中加入1N HCl的无水乙醚溶液(13ml,50eq)。蒸发乙醚,残余物在真空下干燥,得到143mg(收率52%)红色固体状的3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(N,N-二甲氨基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮盐酸盐,MS1H NMR(d6-DMSO):δ2.03(1H,m);2.26(1H,m);2.68(6H,t,J=5Hz);3.24(1H,m);3.28,(1H,m,after D2O shake);3.64(1H,m);3.77(2H,m);4.07-4.38(4H,m);7.08(2H,m);7.17(2H,m);7.43(3H,m);7.52(1H,d,J=8Hz);7.79(2H,m);10.33(1H,bs);10.92(1H,s)
实施例1
3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-(3(O)-4-(N-三氟甲氨基)-丁烷)-双-
(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(H)-吡咯-2,5-二酮
在氮气氛下,将以类似于制备例10的方法制备的3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(N-甲氨基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮(20mg,0.04mmol)溶于含三乙胺(6.1μl,0.044mmol)的THF(10ml)中。往该溶液中加入二硫化碳(3微升,0.05mmol),在15分钟后,加入碘甲烷。经TLC检测(10%MeOH在CH2Cl2中),反应在12小时后完成。该反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,用水、盐水洗,干燥并浓缩得到二硫代氨基甲酸酯(23mg,预期质量)IS/MS 559(M++1)558。
往二硫代氨基甲酸酯的二氯甲烷溶液中加入四丁基二氢三氟化铵(tetrabutylammonium dihydrogentrifluoride)和N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺。经色谱后处理和纯化,得到3,4-[(N,N’-1,1’-((2”-乙氧基)-3(O)-4-(N,N+(三氟甲基)甲氨基)-丁烷)-双-(3,3’-吲哚基)]-1(甲基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮,将其转化为N-H马来酰亚胺。
三氟甲胺衍生物也可以如下制备:
往单甲胺的DMSO溶液中加入二溴二氟甲烷和四(二甲胺)-乙烯。进行普通的后处理得到所需的三氟甲胺衍生物。该三氟甲胺衍生物可按照前述转化为N-H马来酰亚胺。
如上所述,本发明的混合物是有效的蛋白激酶C抑制剂。与其它激酶相比,这些化合物对蛋白激酶C具有选择性。本发明化合物选择性抑制蛋白激酶C的能力在钙-钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶分析、酪蛋白激酶II分析、cAMP-依赖性蛋白激酶催化的亚单位分析和蛋白-酪氨酸激酶分析中测定。
钙-钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶分析(CaM)
钙-钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶分析记述于Journal or Neuroscience,3:818-831(1983)。分析成分的总体积为250μl:55mM HEPES(4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪-乙磺酸),pH 7.5,2.75mM二硫代苏糖醇,2.2mM EGTA(亚乙基双(氧亚乙基次氮基)四乙酸,用于空白缓冲剂),1.1mM氯化钙(Sigma,St,Louis,Missouri)(用于对照缓冲剂),10mM氯化镁(Sigma,St.Louis,Missouri),200μg/ml HL型组蛋白(Worthington),10μl DMSO或DMSO/抑制剂和30μM(γ-32p)ATP(Dupont)。该反应通过加入钙-钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶(从大鼠脑匀浆分离)引发,在室温保温10分钟,通过加入0.5ml冰冷的三氯乙酸停止反应(Amresco),然后加入100μl 1mg/ml牛血清白蛋白(Sigma,St.Missouri)。通过真空过滤在玻璃纤维滤器上收集沉淀并以β闪烁计数器计数定量。
缓冲液成分:
对照缓冲液 空白缓冲液
200mM HEPES 3125μl 625μl
pH 7.5
50 mM DTT 625μl 125μl
组蛋白 1250μl 250μl
100mM钙 125μl
100mM EGTA 50μl
DI水 2375μl 450μl
分析成分:
165μl缓冲液
25μl调钙蛋白
10μl DMSO或DMSO/抑制剂
25μl激酶
25μl AT32P。
酪蛋白激酶II分析(CK-II)
酪蛋白激酶II分析记述于Neurochem,Res.,13:829-836(1988)。分析成分的总体积为250μl:20mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.5,5mM氟化钠,50mg/ml酪蛋白(Sigma,St,Louis,Missouri),10mM氯化镁(Sigma,St.Louis,Missouri),10μl DMSO或DMSO/抑制剂和30μM(γ-32p)ATP(Dupont)。通过加入酪蛋白激酶II(从大鼠脑匀浆分离)引发反应,在室温保温10分钟,通过加入0.5ml冰冷的三氯乙酸停止反应(Amresco),然后加入100μl1mg/ml牛血清白蛋白(Sigma,St.Missouri)。通过真空过滤在玻璃纤维滤器上收集沉淀并以β闪烁计数器计数定量。
按序加入的分析成分:
175μl缓冲液
10μl DMSO或DMSO/抑制剂
25μl AT32P(在300mM氯化镁中)
25μl酶。
如下制备缓冲液:
(终体积=3.5ml:20次分析的量)
500μl每份:200mM Tris-HClpH 7.5
50mM氟化钠
50mg/ml酪蛋白
+2ml DI水
总体积 3.5ml
cAMP-依赖性蛋白激酶催化的亚单位分析(PKA)
分析成分总体积为250μl:20mM HEPES(Sigma,St.Louis,Missouri)缓冲液pH 7.5,200μg/ml组蛋白型HL(Worthington),10mM氯化镁(Sigma,St.Louis,Missouri),10μl DMSO或DMSO/抑制剂和30μM(γ-32p)ATP(Dupont)。该反应通过加入牛心脏cAMP-依赖性激酶催化的亚单位(Sigma,St.Louis,Missouri)引发,在30℃保温10分钟,通过加入0.5ml冰冷的三氯乙酸停止反应(Amresco),然后加入100μl 1mg/ml牛血清白蛋白(Sigma)。使用TOMTECTM通过真空过滤在玻璃纤维滤器上收集沉淀并以β闪烁计数器计数定量。除在分析中不使用磷脂或二酰基甘油和组蛋白底物是cAMP-依赖性催化的亚单位酶特异性的外,该分析与蛋白激酶C(PKC)酶分析相同。
蛋白酪氨酸激酶分析(src)
分析成分如下:
10μl Raytide
10μl激酶
4μl DMSO或DMSO/抑制剂
6μl 200mM HEPES pH 7.5
10μl AT32P
该分析记述于Onogene Science,Inc.Cat.#PK02和Pk03(1990)。
出人意料地,本发明的化合物还是同功酶选择性抑制剂,即化合物选择性地抑制蛋白激酶Cβ-1和β-2同功酶。该同功酶选择性在PKC酶分析中得以测定。
PKC酶分析
PKC酶=α、βI、βII、γ、δ、ε、η和ζ。
分析总体积为250μl,成分如下:
含有120μg/ml磷脂酰丝氨酸(Avanti极性脂质)和足量的二酰基甘油(Avanti极性脂质)、在20mM HEPES(Sigma,St.Louis,Missouri)缓冲液中(pH 7.5)将酶活化到最大活性的泡囊,940mM氯化钙(Sigma,St.Louis,Missouri)(仅用于分析α、β-1、β-2和γ酶),1mM EGTA(适用于所有的酶),10mM氯化镁(Sigma,St.Louis,Missouri)和30μM(γ-32p)ATP(Dupont)。对于所有的酶均使用HL型组蛋白(Worthington)或髓磷脂基础蛋白为底物。该反应通过加入蛋白激酶C开始,在30℃保温10分钟,通过加入0.5ml冰冷的三氯乙酸停止反应(Amresco),然后加入100μl 1mg/ml牛血清白蛋白(Sigma,St.Louis,Missouri)。使用TOMTECTM通过真空过滤在玻璃纤维滤器上收集沉淀并以β闪烁计数器计数定量。
本发明化合物抑制蛋白激酶C的IC50值低于100μm。此外,本发明化合物选择性抑制β-1和β-2蛋白激酶C同功酶并对于这些同功酶的IC50值低于10μm。
作为蛋白激酶C抑制剂,本发明化合物用于治疗其中已证明蛋白激酶C在病理学中起作用的疾病。在这一领域所知道的病症包括:糖尿病及其并发症,局部缺血,炎症、中枢神经系统疾病,心血管疾病,阿尔茨海默氏症,皮肤病和癌症。
据显示,蛋白激酶C抑制剂阻断炎症反应,如嗜中性粒细胞氧化爆发、T淋巴细胞的CD3下调和氟波醇诱导的爪水肿。Twoemy,B.等,生物化学及生物物理学研究通讯,171:1087-1092(1990);Mulqueen,M.J.等,Agents Actions,37:85-89(1992)。因此,作为PKC抑制剂,本发明的化合物可用于治疗炎症。
蛋白激酶C活性在中枢神经系统中起重要作用。Huang,K.P.Trend,Neurosci.12:425-432(1989)。此外,蛋白激酶C抑制剂还显示出阻止病灶部位观察到的损伤和中枢缺血性脑损伤和脑水肿,Hara,H.等,J.Cereb.Blood Flow Metab.10:646-653(1990)。最近,还证明蛋白激酶C与阿尔茨海默氏症有关。Shimohama,S.等,Neurology 43:1407-1413(1993)。因此,本发明的化合物可用于治疗阿尔茨海默氏症和局部缺血性脑损伤。
已知蛋白激酶C活性与细胞生长、肿瘤助长和癌症有关。Rotenberg,S.A.和Weinstein,I.B.Biochem.Mol.Aspects Sel.Cancer,1:25-73(1991).Ahmad等,分子药理学:43,858-862(1993)。还已知蛋白激酶C抑制剂的抑制剂能有效地防止动物中的肿瘤生长。Meyer,T.等,国际癌症杂志,43:851-856(1989);Akinagaka,S.等,癌症研究,51:4888-4892(1991)。本发明的化合物还用作多药逆转(MDR)剂,当与其它化疗剂联合服用时,使它们更有效。
蛋白激酶C活性在心血管疾病中也起重要作用。据显示,脉管系统中增高的蛋白激酶C活性引起血管收缩性增强和高血压。Bilder,G.E.等,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.252:526-530(1990)。由于蛋白激酶C抑制剂显示出嗜中性粒细胞氧化爆发的抑制作用,蛋白激酶C抑制剂还用于治疗心血管局部缺血和改善局部缺血后的心脏功能。Muid,R.E.等,FEBS Lett.293:169-172(1990),Sonoki,H.等,Kokyu-To Junkan,37:669-674(1989)。
对蛋白激酶C在血小板功能中的作用已进行了研究,显示升高的蛋白激酶C水平与对激动剂的反应性增高有关。Bastyr III,E.J.和Lu,糖尿病杂志,42:(增补1)97A(1993)。PKC涉及微血管渗透性的血小板活性因子调节的生化途径。Kobayashi等,Amer.Phys.Soc.H1214-H1220(1994)。据证明,高效蛋白激酶C抑制剂可影响激动剂诱导的血小板凝集。Toullec,D.等,生物化学杂志,266:15771-15781(1991)。蛋白激酶C抑制剂还阻断加到诱导的平滑肌细胞增殖。Matsumoto,H.和Sasaki,Y.生物化学和生物物理学研究通讯,158:105-109(1989)。因此,本发明化合物可用于治疗心血管疾病、动脉粥样硬化和再狭窄。
蛋白激酶C的异常化学与皮肤病,如银屑病有关。Horm,F.等,J.Invest.Dermatol.88:220-222(1987);Raynaud,F.和Evain-Brion,D.,英国皮肤科学杂志,124:542-546(1991)。银屑病以角化细胞的异常增殖为特征,已知蛋白激酶C抑制剂以它们作为PKC抑制剂产生作用的相似方法抑制角化细胞的增殖。Hegemann,L.等,Arch.Dermatol.Res.283:456-460(1991);Bollab,W.B.等,J.Invest.Dermatol.,100:240-246(1993)。因此,作为PKC抑制剂的化合物可用于治疗银屑病。
蛋白激酶C与糖尿病的几个方面都有关。蛋白激酶C的过度活性与胰岛素发信号缺损而导致II型糖尿病中观察到的胰岛素抗性有关。A.等,生物化学杂志,265:10226-10231(1990);Chen,K.S.等,Trans.Assoc.Am.Physicians,104:206-212(1991);Chin,J.E.等,生物化学杂志,268:6338-6347(1993)。此外,研究还表明当患高血糖症时,组织中蛋白激酶C活性的显著增高易患糖尿病并发症。Lee,T.-S.等,J.Clin.Invest.,83:90-94(1989);Lee,T.-S.等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,86:5141-5145(1989);Craven,P.A.和DeRubertis,F.R.,J.Clin.Invest.87:1667-1675(1989);Wolf,B.A.等,J.Clin,Invest.87:31-38(1991);Tesfamariam,B.等,J.Clin.Invest.87:1643-1648(1991)。
本发明的化合物还具有同功酶选择性。与其它蛋白激酶C同功酶,即α、β、γ、δ、ε、η和ζ相比,这些化合物优势抑制蛋白激酶C的β-1和β-2同功酶。通常,正如在PKC分析中测定所表明的,化合物抑制PKCβ-1或β-2同功酶所需的剂量与同样抑制α蛋白激酶C同功酶所需的剂量之间的差异最小为10倍。因此,本发明化合物以低得多的浓度抑制蛋白激酶C的β-1和β-2同功酶,同时微弱抑制其它PKC同功酶。
由于这种选择性,本发明的化合物尤其可用于治疗那些其中与蛋白激酶C同功酶β-1和β-2相关的疾病。例如糖尿病中发现的血糖水平升高导致血管组织中β-2同功酶的同功酶特异性升高。Inoguchi等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,89:1059-11065(1992)。人血小板中β同功酶的糖尿病相关性升高与它们对激动剂的反应变化是一致的。Bastyr III,E.J.和Lu,J.糖尿病,42:(增补1)97A(1993)。据显示,蛋白激酶C的β同功酶选择性磷酰化人维生素D受体。Hsieh等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,88:9315-9319(1991);Hsieh等,生物化学杂志,268:15118-15126(1993)。此外,新近的研究表明β-2同功酶引起红白血病细胞增殖,而在这些相同的细胞中,α同功酶与巨核细胞的分化有关。Murray等,生物化学杂志,268:15847-15853(1993)。
优选在服用前将式I化合物进行配制。因此,本发明的另一个实施方案是含有式I化合物和一种或多种可药用载体、稀释剂或赋形剂的药物组合物。
本发明的药物制剂采用本领域已知的方法,使用熟知的和简便易得的成分。在本发明组合物的制备中,通常将活性成分与载体混合,或用载体稀释,或包封在胶囊、囊剂、纸或其它容器形式的载体中。当载体用作稀释剂时,它可以是固体、半固体或液体物质,它们作为活性成分的载体、赋形剂或介质。因此,组合物可以是片剂、丸、粉末、锭剂、囊剂、扁囊剂、酏剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、溶液剂、糖浆、气雾剂(作为固体或在液体介质中)、软和硬明胶胶囊、栓剂、无菌注射液和无菌包装粉末。
适宜的载体、赋形剂和稀释剂的实例包括乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、淀粉、金合欢胶、磷酸钙、藻酸盐、西黄蓍胶、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、水糖浆、甲基纤维素、羟基苯甲酸甲酯和丙酯、滑石、硬脂酸镁和矿物油。另外,制剂中还包括润滑剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和助悬剂,防腐剂、甜味剂或芳香剂。可将本发明的组合物配制成给药于患者后快速、缓慢或延迟释放活性成分的制剂。组合物优选配制成单位剂量形式的,每剂含约1-约500毫克,更优选约5-约300毫克活性成分。但应清楚的是服用的治疗剂量由医师根据有关情况决定,这些情况包括所医治的病症、给药化合物的选择及给药途径的选择,因此上述的剂量范围并不以任何方式对本发明构成限定。术语“单位进行形式”指适于作为被医治的人或哺乳动物的单位剂量的物理上分离的单位,每单位含计算产生所需治疗作用的预定量的活性成分和适宜的药物载体。
除上述的制剂外,本发明的化合物也可以局部给药。局部制剂是软膏剂、霜剂和凝胶。
软膏剂通常使用(1)油脂性基质,即由固定油或烃,例如白凡士林或矿物油组成的基质,或者(2)吸附性基质,即由无水物质或可吸附水的物质,如无水羊毛脂组成的基质。通常,在配制完无论是油脂性的或吸附性的基质后,按照所需浓度加入一定量的活性成分(化合物)。
霜剂是油/水乳液。它们由油相(内相)和水相(连续相)组成,油相包括典型的固定油和烃等,如蜡、凡士林、矿物油等;水相包括水和所有水溶性物质,如加成盐。使用乳化剂稳定两相,例如使用表面活性剂,如月桂基硫酸钠;亲水胶质,如胶质粘土、V字胶(veegum)遥等。一般配制成乳液后,加入一定量的活性成分以获得所需浓度。
凝胶包括选自油脂性基质、水或乳液-悬浮液基质的基质。往基质中加入胶凝剂,在基质中形成母质,增强其粘度。胶凝剂的实例是羟丙基纤维素、丙烯酸聚合物等。通常,在加入胶凝剂之前将活性成分按所需浓度加到制剂中。
掺入局部制剂中的化合物的量不十分严格;仅仅是浓度应在足以方便制剂以释放所需量化合物的量应用于疾患组织面的范围内。
应用于疾患组织的局部制剂的常规量取决于患面组织的大小和制剂中化合物的浓度。通常,制剂以提供约1-约500μg化合物/cm2患面的量应用于患面组织。化合物的应用量优选在约30-约300μg/cm2,更优选在约50-约200μg/cm2,最优选在约60-约100μg/cm2。
下述制剂实施例仅是说明性的,而不是以任何方式限定本发明的范围。
制剂1
用下列成分制备硬明胶胶囊:
量(mg/囊)
活性物质 250
淀粉,干燥的 200
硬脂酸镁 10
总计 460mg
将上述成分混合,以460mg的量填充到硬明胶胶囊中。
制剂2
用下列成分制备片剂:
量(mg/囊)
活性物质 250
微晶纤维素 400
二氧化硅,雾化的 10
硬脂酸 5
总计 665mg
将成分混合,压制成片剂,片重665mg。
制剂3
制备含下列成分的气雾剂:
量(mg/囊)
活性物质 0.25
乙醇 29.75
抛射剂22(二氯二氟甲烷) 70.00
总计 100.00
将活性物质与乙醇混合。该混合物加到一份抛射剂22中,冷却到-30℃,转移到填充装置中。然后将所需量的填入不锈钢容器并用剩余的抛射剂稀释。然后将阀门安装到容器上。
Claims (16)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中R2是氢。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中W是-O-。
5.权利要求1-4的任一项化合物在制备治疗糖尿病及其并发症的药物中的应用。
6.权利要求1-4的任一项化合物在制备抑制蛋白激酶C的药物中的应用。
7.权利要求1-4的任一项化合物在制备治疗中枢局部缺血性脑损伤的药物中的应用。
8.权利要求1-4的任一项化合物在制备治疗心血管局部缺血的药物中的应用。
9.权利要求1-4的任一项化合物在制备治疗炎症的药物中的应用。
10.权利要求1-4的任一项化合物在制备治疗再狭窄的药物中的应用。
11.权利要求1-4的任一项化合物在制备治疗治疗动脉粥样硬化的药物中的应用。
12.权利要求1-4的任一项化合物在制备治疗银屑病的药物中的应用。
13.权利要求1-4的任一项化合物在制备治疗阿尔茨海默氏症的药物中的应用。
14.权利要求1-4的任一项化合物在制备治疗癌症的药物中的应用。
15.一种药物制剂,它含有权利要求1-4任一项的化合物和一种或多种可药用赋形剂、载体或稀释剂。
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- 1996-03-28 AU AU53249/96A patent/AU701988B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-03-28 TR TR97/01073T patent/TR199701073T1/xx unknown
- 1996-03-28 HU HU9801250A patent/HUP9801250A3/hu unknown
- 1996-03-28 JP JP8529640A patent/JPH11507327A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-03-28 PL PL96322584A patent/PL183600B1/pl unknown
- 1996-03-28 EA EA199700280A patent/EA000598B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-28 CZ CZ19973051A patent/CZ286301B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1996-05-06 US US08/643,710 patent/US5780461A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1997
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- 1997-11-14 US US08/970,891 patent/US6057440A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP0735038A1 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
CZ286301B6 (cs) | 2000-03-15 |
HUP9801250A3 (en) | 1998-12-28 |
US5674862A (en) | 1997-10-07 |
US5621098A (en) | 1997-04-15 |
PL183600B1 (pl) | 2002-06-28 |
US5821365A (en) | 1998-10-13 |
WO1996030048A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
CN1185742A (zh) | 1998-06-24 |
EA199700280A1 (ru) | 1998-02-26 |
KR100319945B1 (ko) | 2002-03-08 |
CZ305197A3 (cs) | 1998-05-13 |
US5780461A (en) | 1998-07-14 |
US5719175A (en) | 1998-02-17 |
EA000598B1 (ru) | 1999-12-29 |
US5624949A (en) | 1997-04-29 |
PL322584A1 (en) | 1998-02-02 |
AU701988B2 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
CA2216535A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
MX9707431A (es) | 1997-12-31 |
NO974453D0 (no) | 1997-09-26 |
US5739322A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
US5552396A (en) | 1996-09-03 |
US5696108A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
NO974453L (no) | 1997-11-19 |
US6057440A (en) | 2000-05-02 |
NO309271B1 (no) | 2001-01-08 |
TR199701073T1 (xx) | 1998-02-21 |
CA2216535C (en) | 2002-05-07 |
NZ305276A (en) | 1999-02-25 |
KR19980703380A (ko) | 1998-10-15 |
HUP9801250A2 (hu) | 1998-09-28 |
JPH11507327A (ja) | 1999-06-29 |
AU5324996A (en) | 1996-10-16 |
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