Background
Dragon fruit (Dragon fruit)Hylocereus undulatus Britt) Plants of Cactaceae, genus Petasites, also known as HONGLONGGUO, LONGZHUGUO, XIANMIAGUO, and YULONGGUO. The fruit is oval, 10-12cm in diameter, red or yellow in appearance, has a green rounded triangle-shaped frond, white, red or yellow flesh, and has black seeds. The dragon fruit is rich in nutrition and unique in function, and contains plant albumin and anthocyanin which are few in common plants, abundant vitamins and water-soluble dietary fibers. The dragon fruit is tropical and subtropical fruit, and is light-loving, yin-tolerant, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, fertilizer-loving and barren-resistant. The dragon fruit seedlings have strong adaptability to soil, and almost all kinds of soil can grow well except all saline-alkali lands of a marsh land. But loose and breathable soil, good drainage, strong water and moisture retention and rich organic soil is preferred, and the pH value of the soil is preferably 6-7. The dragon fruit is popular with wide planting users due to high nutritive value and large market demand of the dragon fruit, along with the increasing planting of the dragon fruit and the increasing demand of the dragon fruit seedlings, the industrialization of the seedling culture of the dragon fruit is realized, and how to cultivate the dragon fruit seedlings with stress resistance and strong adaptability at lower cost is a problem to be deeply discussed at present.
The propagation mode of the dragon fruit is divided into sexual propagation and asexual propagation, and the seedling culture substrate plays an important role in propagation no matter the sexual propagation or the asexual propagation. At present, many fruit growers prefer to use peat soil, perlite, coconut chaff, river sand and other substances as seedling raising substrates to culture the dragon fruit seedlings, but the seedling raising substrates have no insect prevention effect, so that seeds or seedlings are easily eaten or bitten by insects, the germination rate and the survival rate are reduced, and the seedling raising cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling substrate of pitaya and a preparation method thereof.
The seedling culture substrate of the dragon fruit is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of biomass carbon calcium powder, 20-30 parts of coffee grounds and 20-30 parts of wormcast.
The coffee grounds are shells and wastes dried after coffee is produced by coffee fruits, and are crushed into 40-80 meshes.
The wormcast is prepared by putting earthworms into a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses waste, culturing for 4-6 months, separating out residual substances after the earthworms are separated, and crushing to 40-80 meshes.
The biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared by firing raw materials at high temperature under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to obtain porous solid particulate matter, and then crushing the porous solid particulate matter to 40-80 meshes by using a ball mill; the biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80-100 parts of eucalyptus branches and leaves;
3-10 parts of fresh animal bones;
5-15 parts of vegetable oil bran cake;
5-10 parts of calcium carbonate powder;
50-80 parts of clay.
The vegetable oil bran cake comprises more than one of peanut bran, bean bran, rapeseed bran, wheat bran, tung oil bran, sunflower bran and palm bran.
The calcium carbonate powder is powder of more than one of limestone, dolomite, chalk and shell which are ground into less than 100 meshes.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon-calcium solid particles comprises the steps of smashing branches and leaves of eucalyptus, fresh animal bones and vegetable oil bran cakes, adding calcium carbonate powder and clay, mixing with a proper amount of water into paste, pressing into blocks or balls, putting into a closed container, drying until the water content is below 10% in the process of slowly raising the temperature, and carrying out smoldering treatment for 4-8 hours at the temperature of 900 plus materials and 1200 ℃ under the anoxic condition to obtain the biomass carbon-calcium solid particles.
The method for manufacturing the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the biomass carbon calcium powder, coffee grounds and wormcast uniformly, airing for 2-3 days in the sun, sterilizing, sealing, storing, and putting into a seedling growing bag when in use, and adding a proper amount of clear water or fine sand.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing biomass carbon calcium powder, coffee grounds and wormcast. The biomass carbon calcium powder raw material is smoldered under the conditions of high temperature and oxygen deficiency, and the organic grease and the nutrient components volatilized by the bone and the vegetable oil bran cake at the high temperature are completely absorbed by the plant fiber and the soil, so that the obtained biomass carbon calcium powder is richer in nutrition; the eucalyptus essential oil evaporated from the branches and leaves of the eucalyptus has the effects of disinfecting and repelling pests, and the biomass carbon calcium powder absorbing the eucalyptus essential oil also has the effect of repelling pests. The biomass carbon calcium powder is rich in micropores, can supplement the organic matter content of soil, can effectively store water and nutrients, improve the soil fertility, adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants in the soil or sewage, has a good fixing effect on carbon and nitrogen, can effectively improve the physicochemical property of the soil, enhances the water retention rate of the soil, and has an outstanding effect on the aspects of protecting the good inhabitation environment of soil microorganisms and the like. The coffee grounds are natural fertilizers and pesticides. The coffee grounds contain about 2% nitrogen, which is a component that converts organic matter into fertilizer, and which is safe and environmentally friendly. The coffee grounds contain alkaloids, and have good insect repelling effect on mollusks such as snails, slugs and ampullaria gigas. The earthworm cast is light in weight, uniform in grain size, clean and sanitary, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining, comprehensive in nutrition, called as the king of organic fertilizer, and can be used for cultivating dragon fruit seedlings to accelerate the rooting and growth of the dragon fruit seedlings. The wormcast is obtained by digesting a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses wastes by earthworms, is used for cultivating dragon fruit seedlings, and is beneficial to improving the sugar content in the dragon fruit seedlings. The seedling culture substrate disclosed by the invention is high in nutrient content, good in air permeability and water permeability, high in seedling culture survival rate, capable of being naturally degraded, capable of avoiding mollusks and preventing dragon fruit seedlings from being gnawed.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A seedling culture substrate of pitaya is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of biomass carbon calcium powder, 25 parts of coffee grounds and 25 parts of wormcast.
The coffee grounds are shells and wastes dried after coffee is produced by coffee fruits, and are crushed into 40-80 meshes.
The wormcast is prepared by putting earthworms into a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses waste, culturing for 5 months, separating out residual substances after the earthworms are separated, and crushing to 40-80 meshes.
The biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared by firing raw materials at high temperature under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to obtain porous solid particulate matter, and then crushing the porous solid particulate matter to 40-80 meshes by using a ball mill; the biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
90 parts of eucalyptus branches and leaves;
7 parts of fresh animal bones;
10 parts of vegetable oil bran cake;
8 parts of calcium carbonate powder;
and 65 parts of clay.
The vegetable oil bran cake comprises peanut bran and bean bran.
The calcium carbonate powder is powder prepared by grinding limestone and dolomite into powder with a particle size of less than 100 meshes.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon calcium solid particles comprises the steps of smashing branches and leaves of eucalyptus, fresh animal bones and vegetable oil bran cakes, adding calcium carbonate powder and clay, mixing with a proper amount of water into paste, pressing into blocks or balls, putting into a closed container, drying until the water content is below 10% in the process of slowly raising the temperature, and carrying out smoldering treatment for 6 hours at 1050 ℃ under the anoxic condition to obtain the biomass carbon calcium solid particles.
The method for manufacturing the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the biomass carbon calcium powder, the coffee grounds and the wormcast uniformly, airing for 3 days in the sun, sterilizing, sealing and storing, and putting into a seedling growing bag when in use, and adding a proper amount of clear water.
Example 2
A seedling culture substrate of pitaya is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of biomass carbon calcium powder, 30 parts of coffee grounds and 30 parts of wormcast.
The coffee grounds are shells and wastes dried after coffee is produced by coffee fruits, and are crushed into 40-80 meshes.
The wormcast is prepared by putting earthworms into a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses waste, culturing for 4 months, separating out residual substances after the earthworms are separated, and crushing to 40-80 meshes.
The biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared by firing raw materials at high temperature under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to obtain porous solid particulate matter, and then crushing the porous solid particulate matter to 40-80 meshes by using a ball mill; the biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
100 parts of eucalyptus branches and leaves;
10 parts of fresh animal bones;
15 parts of vegetable oil bran cake;
10 parts of calcium carbonate powder;
50 parts of clay.
The vegetable oil bran cake comprises rapeseed bran and wheat bran.
The calcium carbonate powder is powder prepared by grinding chalk and shells into powder with a particle size of less than 100 meshes.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon calcium solid particles comprises the steps of smashing branches and leaves of eucalyptus, fresh animal bones and vegetable oil bran cakes, adding calcium carbonate powder and clay, mixing with a proper amount of water into paste, pressing into blocks or balls, putting into a closed container, drying until the water content is below 10% in the process of slowly raising the temperature, and carrying out smoldering treatment for 8 hours at 900 ℃ under the anoxic condition to obtain the biomass carbon calcium solid particles.
The method for manufacturing the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the biomass carbon calcium powder, the coffee grounds and the wormcast uniformly, airing for 3 days in the sun, sterilizing, sealing and storing, and putting into a seedling growing bag to be matched with fine sand with the volume fraction of 5% when in use.
Example 3
A seedling culture substrate of pitaya is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of biomass carbon calcium powder, 20 parts of coffee grounds and 20 parts of wormcast.
The coffee grounds are shells and wastes dried after coffee is produced by coffee fruits, and are crushed into 40-80 meshes.
The wormcast is prepared by putting earthworms into a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses waste, culturing for 6 months, separating out residual substances after the earthworms are separated, and crushing to 40-80 meshes.
The biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared by firing raw materials at high temperature under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to obtain porous solid particulate matter, and then crushing the porous solid particulate matter to 40-80 meshes by using a ball mill; the biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80 parts of eucalyptus branches and leaves;
3 parts of fresh animal bones;
5 parts of vegetable oil bran cake;
5 parts of calcium carbonate powder;
and 80 parts of clay.
The vegetable oil bran cake comprises tung oil bran, sunflower bran and palm bran.
The calcium carbonate powder is powder prepared by grinding limestone, dolomite and chalk into powder with a particle size of less than 100 meshes.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon calcium solid particles comprises the steps of smashing branches and leaves of eucalyptus, fresh animal bones and vegetable oil bran cakes, adding calcium carbonate powder and clay, mixing with a proper amount of water into paste, pressing into blocks or balls, putting into a closed container, drying until the water content is below 10% in the process of slowly raising the temperature, and carrying out smoldering treatment for 4 hours at 1200 ℃ under the anoxic condition to obtain the biomass carbon calcium solid particles.
The method for manufacturing the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the biomass carbon calcium powder, the coffee grounds and the wormcast uniformly, airing for 2 days in the sun, sterilizing, sealing and storing, and putting into a seedling raising bag to be matched with fine sand with the volume fraction of 10% when in use.
Application examples
To better illustrate the effect of the present invention, the applicant respectively uses the seedling substrate of the present invention and a general seedling substrate (coconut husk: river sand =1: 1) to cultivate four batches of dragon fruit seedlings (using the general seedling substrate as a control group), and makes observation record on the survival rate of the dragon fruit seedlings, the population density of the dragon fruit seedlings is kept unchanged during cultivation, and the survival condition of the dragon fruit seedlings after 2 months of cutting cultivation is as follows: