CN109258430B - Seedling culture medium for pitaya and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Seedling culture medium for pitaya and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109258430B
CN109258430B CN201811393733.0A CN201811393733A CN109258430B CN 109258430 B CN109258430 B CN 109258430B CN 201811393733 A CN201811393733 A CN 201811393733A CN 109258430 B CN109258430 B CN 109258430B
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parts
bran
powder
seedling
biomass carbon
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CN109258430A (en
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桂杰
黄伟华
杨柳
黄永才
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Guangxi Yuanchuang Agricultural Technology Development Co.,Ltd.
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a seedling substrate of dragon fruits and a preparation method thereof, wherein the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of biomass carbon calcium powder, 20-30 parts of coffee grounds and 20-30 parts of wormcast. The seedling culture substrate disclosed by the invention is high in nutrient content, good in air permeability and water permeability, simple in preparation method, high in seedling culture survival rate, capable of being naturally degraded, capable of avoiding mollusks and preventing dragon fruit seedlings from being gnawed.

Description

Seedling culture medium for pitaya and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant seedling culture, in particular to a seedling culture substrate of pitaya and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Dragon fruit (Dragon fruit)Hylocereus undulatus Britt) Plants of Cactaceae, genus Petasites, also known as HONGLONGGUO, LONGZHUGUO, XIANMIAGUO, and YULONGGUO. The fruit is oval, 10-12cm in diameter, red or yellow in appearance, has a green rounded triangle-shaped frond, white, red or yellow flesh, and has black seeds. The dragon fruit is rich in nutrition and unique in function, and contains plant albumin and anthocyanin which are few in common plants, abundant vitamins and water-soluble dietary fibers. The dragon fruit is tropical and subtropical fruit, and is light-loving, yin-tolerant, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, fertilizer-loving and barren-resistant. The dragon fruit seedlings have strong adaptability to soil, and almost all kinds of soil can grow well except all saline-alkali lands of a marsh land. But loose and breathable soil, good drainage, strong water and moisture retention and rich organic soil is preferred, and the pH value of the soil is preferably 6-7. The dragon fruit is popular with wide planting users due to high nutritive value and large market demand of the dragon fruit, along with the increasing planting of the dragon fruit and the increasing demand of the dragon fruit seedlings, the industrialization of the seedling culture of the dragon fruit is realized, and how to cultivate the dragon fruit seedlings with stress resistance and strong adaptability at lower cost is a problem to be deeply discussed at present.
The propagation mode of the dragon fruit is divided into sexual propagation and asexual propagation, and the seedling culture substrate plays an important role in propagation no matter the sexual propagation or the asexual propagation. At present, many fruit growers prefer to use peat soil, perlite, coconut chaff, river sand and other substances as seedling raising substrates to culture the dragon fruit seedlings, but the seedling raising substrates have no insect prevention effect, so that seeds or seedlings are easily eaten or bitten by insects, the germination rate and the survival rate are reduced, and the seedling raising cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling substrate of pitaya and a preparation method thereof.
The seedling culture substrate of the dragon fruit is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of biomass carbon calcium powder, 20-30 parts of coffee grounds and 20-30 parts of wormcast.
The coffee grounds are shells and wastes dried after coffee is produced by coffee fruits, and are crushed into 40-80 meshes.
The wormcast is prepared by putting earthworms into a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses waste, culturing for 4-6 months, separating out residual substances after the earthworms are separated, and crushing to 40-80 meshes.
The biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared by firing raw materials at high temperature under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to obtain porous solid particulate matter, and then crushing the porous solid particulate matter to 40-80 meshes by using a ball mill; the biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80-100 parts of eucalyptus branches and leaves;
3-10 parts of fresh animal bones;
5-15 parts of vegetable oil bran cake;
5-10 parts of calcium carbonate powder;
50-80 parts of clay.
The vegetable oil bran cake comprises more than one of peanut bran, bean bran, rapeseed bran, wheat bran, tung oil bran, sunflower bran and palm bran.
The calcium carbonate powder is powder of more than one of limestone, dolomite, chalk and shell which are ground into less than 100 meshes.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon-calcium solid particles comprises the steps of smashing branches and leaves of eucalyptus, fresh animal bones and vegetable oil bran cakes, adding calcium carbonate powder and clay, mixing with a proper amount of water into paste, pressing into blocks or balls, putting into a closed container, drying until the water content is below 10% in the process of slowly raising the temperature, and carrying out smoldering treatment for 4-8 hours at the temperature of 900 plus materials and 1200 ℃ under the anoxic condition to obtain the biomass carbon-calcium solid particles.
The method for manufacturing the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the biomass carbon calcium powder, coffee grounds and wormcast uniformly, airing for 2-3 days in the sun, sterilizing, sealing, storing, and putting into a seedling growing bag when in use, and adding a proper amount of clear water or fine sand.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing biomass carbon calcium powder, coffee grounds and wormcast. The biomass carbon calcium powder raw material is smoldered under the conditions of high temperature and oxygen deficiency, and the organic grease and the nutrient components volatilized by the bone and the vegetable oil bran cake at the high temperature are completely absorbed by the plant fiber and the soil, so that the obtained biomass carbon calcium powder is richer in nutrition; the eucalyptus essential oil evaporated from the branches and leaves of the eucalyptus has the effects of disinfecting and repelling pests, and the biomass carbon calcium powder absorbing the eucalyptus essential oil also has the effect of repelling pests. The biomass carbon calcium powder is rich in micropores, can supplement the organic matter content of soil, can effectively store water and nutrients, improve the soil fertility, adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants in the soil or sewage, has a good fixing effect on carbon and nitrogen, can effectively improve the physicochemical property of the soil, enhances the water retention rate of the soil, and has an outstanding effect on the aspects of protecting the good inhabitation environment of soil microorganisms and the like. The coffee grounds are natural fertilizers and pesticides. The coffee grounds contain about 2% nitrogen, which is a component that converts organic matter into fertilizer, and which is safe and environmentally friendly. The coffee grounds contain alkaloids, and have good insect repelling effect on mollusks such as snails, slugs and ampullaria gigas. The earthworm cast is light in weight, uniform in grain size, clean and sanitary, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining, comprehensive in nutrition, called as the king of organic fertilizer, and can be used for cultivating dragon fruit seedlings to accelerate the rooting and growth of the dragon fruit seedlings. The wormcast is obtained by digesting a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses wastes by earthworms, is used for cultivating dragon fruit seedlings, and is beneficial to improving the sugar content in the dragon fruit seedlings. The seedling culture substrate disclosed by the invention is high in nutrient content, good in air permeability and water permeability, high in seedling culture survival rate, capable of being naturally degraded, capable of avoiding mollusks and preventing dragon fruit seedlings from being gnawed.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A seedling culture substrate of pitaya is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of biomass carbon calcium powder, 25 parts of coffee grounds and 25 parts of wormcast.
The coffee grounds are shells and wastes dried after coffee is produced by coffee fruits, and are crushed into 40-80 meshes.
The wormcast is prepared by putting earthworms into a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses waste, culturing for 5 months, separating out residual substances after the earthworms are separated, and crushing to 40-80 meshes.
The biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared by firing raw materials at high temperature under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to obtain porous solid particulate matter, and then crushing the porous solid particulate matter to 40-80 meshes by using a ball mill; the biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
90 parts of eucalyptus branches and leaves;
7 parts of fresh animal bones;
10 parts of vegetable oil bran cake;
8 parts of calcium carbonate powder;
and 65 parts of clay.
The vegetable oil bran cake comprises peanut bran and bean bran.
The calcium carbonate powder is powder prepared by grinding limestone and dolomite into powder with a particle size of less than 100 meshes.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon calcium solid particles comprises the steps of smashing branches and leaves of eucalyptus, fresh animal bones and vegetable oil bran cakes, adding calcium carbonate powder and clay, mixing with a proper amount of water into paste, pressing into blocks or balls, putting into a closed container, drying until the water content is below 10% in the process of slowly raising the temperature, and carrying out smoldering treatment for 6 hours at 1050 ℃ under the anoxic condition to obtain the biomass carbon calcium solid particles.
The method for manufacturing the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the biomass carbon calcium powder, the coffee grounds and the wormcast uniformly, airing for 3 days in the sun, sterilizing, sealing and storing, and putting into a seedling growing bag when in use, and adding a proper amount of clear water.
Example 2
A seedling culture substrate of pitaya is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of biomass carbon calcium powder, 30 parts of coffee grounds and 30 parts of wormcast.
The coffee grounds are shells and wastes dried after coffee is produced by coffee fruits, and are crushed into 40-80 meshes.
The wormcast is prepared by putting earthworms into a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses waste, culturing for 4 months, separating out residual substances after the earthworms are separated, and crushing to 40-80 meshes.
The biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared by firing raw materials at high temperature under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to obtain porous solid particulate matter, and then crushing the porous solid particulate matter to 40-80 meshes by using a ball mill; the biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
100 parts of eucalyptus branches and leaves;
10 parts of fresh animal bones;
15 parts of vegetable oil bran cake;
10 parts of calcium carbonate powder;
50 parts of clay.
The vegetable oil bran cake comprises rapeseed bran and wheat bran.
The calcium carbonate powder is powder prepared by grinding chalk and shells into powder with a particle size of less than 100 meshes.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon calcium solid particles comprises the steps of smashing branches and leaves of eucalyptus, fresh animal bones and vegetable oil bran cakes, adding calcium carbonate powder and clay, mixing with a proper amount of water into paste, pressing into blocks or balls, putting into a closed container, drying until the water content is below 10% in the process of slowly raising the temperature, and carrying out smoldering treatment for 8 hours at 900 ℃ under the anoxic condition to obtain the biomass carbon calcium solid particles.
The method for manufacturing the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the biomass carbon calcium powder, the coffee grounds and the wormcast uniformly, airing for 3 days in the sun, sterilizing, sealing and storing, and putting into a seedling growing bag to be matched with fine sand with the volume fraction of 5% when in use.
Example 3
A seedling culture substrate of pitaya is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of biomass carbon calcium powder, 20 parts of coffee grounds and 20 parts of wormcast.
The coffee grounds are shells and wastes dried after coffee is produced by coffee fruits, and are crushed into 40-80 meshes.
The wormcast is prepared by putting earthworms into a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses waste, culturing for 6 months, separating out residual substances after the earthworms are separated, and crushing to 40-80 meshes.
The biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared by firing raw materials at high temperature under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to obtain porous solid particulate matter, and then crushing the porous solid particulate matter to 40-80 meshes by using a ball mill; the biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80 parts of eucalyptus branches and leaves;
3 parts of fresh animal bones;
5 parts of vegetable oil bran cake;
5 parts of calcium carbonate powder;
and 80 parts of clay.
The vegetable oil bran cake comprises tung oil bran, sunflower bran and palm bran.
The calcium carbonate powder is powder prepared by grinding limestone, dolomite and chalk into powder with a particle size of less than 100 meshes.
The preparation method of the biomass carbon calcium solid particles comprises the steps of smashing branches and leaves of eucalyptus, fresh animal bones and vegetable oil bran cakes, adding calcium carbonate powder and clay, mixing with a proper amount of water into paste, pressing into blocks or balls, putting into a closed container, drying until the water content is below 10% in the process of slowly raising the temperature, and carrying out smoldering treatment for 4 hours at 1200 ℃ under the anoxic condition to obtain the biomass carbon calcium solid particles.
The method for manufacturing the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the biomass carbon calcium powder, the coffee grounds and the wormcast uniformly, airing for 2 days in the sun, sterilizing, sealing and storing, and putting into a seedling raising bag to be matched with fine sand with the volume fraction of 10% when in use.
Application examples
To better illustrate the effect of the present invention, the applicant respectively uses the seedling substrate of the present invention and a general seedling substrate (coconut husk: river sand =1: 1) to cultivate four batches of dragon fruit seedlings (using the general seedling substrate as a control group), and makes observation record on the survival rate of the dragon fruit seedlings, the population density of the dragon fruit seedlings is kept unchanged during cultivation, and the survival condition of the dragon fruit seedlings after 2 months of cutting cultivation is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001

Claims (3)

1. the seedling substrate of the dragon fruit is characterized by being prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of biomass carbon calcium powder, 20-30 parts of coffee grounds and 20-30 parts of wormcast;
the coffee grounds are dry wastes generated after coffee is produced by coffee fruits and are crushed into 40-80 meshes;
the wormcast is prepared by putting earthworms into a mixture of cow dung, dragon fruit peel and molasses waste, culturing for 4-6 months, separating out residual substances after the earthworms are separated, and crushing to 40-80 meshes;
the biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared by firing raw materials at high temperature under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to obtain porous solid particulate matter, and then crushing the porous solid particulate matter to 40-80 meshes by using a ball mill; the biomass carbon calcium powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80-100 parts of eucalyptus branches and leaves;
3-10 parts of fresh animal bones;
5-15 parts of vegetable oil bran cake;
5-10 parts of calcium carbonate powder;
50-80 parts of clay;
the porous solid granular substance is obtained by smashing branches and leaves of eucalyptus trees, fresh animal bones and vegetable oil bran cakes, adding calcium carbonate powder and clay, mixing with a proper amount of water into paste, pressing into blocks or spheres, putting into a closed container, drying in a slow heating process until the water content is below 10%, and then carrying out stewing treatment for 4-8h at the temperature of 900 plus materials and 1200 ℃ under the anoxic condition;
the manufacturing method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the biomass carbon calcium powder, coffee grounds and wormcast uniformly, airing for 2-3 days in the sun, sterilizing, sealing, storing, and putting into a seedling growing bag when in use, and adding a proper amount of clear water or fine sand.
2. The pitaya seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable oil bran cake comprises more than one of peanut bran, bean bran, rapeseed bran, wheat bran, tung oil bran, sunflower bran and palm bran.
3. A seedling raising substrate of pitaya according to claim 1, wherein the calcium carbonate powder is more than one of limestone, dolomite, chalk and shell ground into powder with a size of less than 100 meshes.
CN201811393733.0A 2018-11-21 2018-11-21 Seedling culture medium for pitaya and preparation method thereof Active CN109258430B (en)

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CN106721093A (en) * 2016-11-23 2017-05-31 江苏步龙生物科技有限公司 A kind of cultivation matrix for promoting earthworm quickly to breed
CN106941898A (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-07-14 陆川县品养殖专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of red heart dragon fruit
CN107155544A (en) * 2017-03-22 2017-09-15 广西丰兄农业开发有限公司 A kind of efficient implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit
CN107439197A (en) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-08 阆中市优果鲜农业发展有限公司 A kind of efficient high yield cultivating method of red heart dragon fruit
CN107698402A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-02-16 广西宾阳县荣良农业科技有限公司 A kind of dragon fruit biological slow-release fertilizer
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CN106941898A (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-07-14 陆川县品养殖专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of red heart dragon fruit
CN107155544A (en) * 2017-03-22 2017-09-15 广西丰兄农业开发有限公司 A kind of efficient implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit
CN107439197A (en) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-08 阆中市优果鲜农业发展有限公司 A kind of efficient high yield cultivating method of red heart dragon fruit
CN107698402A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-02-16 广西宾阳县荣良农业科技有限公司 A kind of dragon fruit biological slow-release fertilizer
CN108040807A (en) * 2017-12-13 2018-05-18 沈阳华清源农业发展有限公司 A kind of wormcast seedling medium and preparation method thereof

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