CN105941001A - Flower cultivation nutrient soil for intelligent greenhouse - Google Patents
Flower cultivation nutrient soil for intelligent greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN105941001A CN105941001A CN201610265729.0A CN201610265729A CN105941001A CN 105941001 A CN105941001 A CN 105941001A CN 201610265729 A CN201610265729 A CN 201610265729A CN 105941001 A CN105941001 A CN 105941001A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
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Abstract
The invention provides flower cultivation nutrient soil for an intelligent greenhouse. The nutrient soil comprises the raw materials of bagasse, bran, Juglans leaves, Mongolian oak leaves, a Chinaberry bark extract, pine needles, tea residues, volcanic ash, garden soil, sand, peat, animal waste, and fungi residues. The above components are reasonably formulated. The obtained nutrient soil has the characteristics of being clean and pollution-free, and having appropriate pH value, good soil structure, rich nutrients, good moisture maintaining and moisture storage capacity, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of flower cultivation, relate to a kind of intelligent greenhouse flower culture Nutrition Soil.
Background technology
21 century is the epoch of industry of flowers and plants high speed development, grows flower and becomes a kind of fashion.Thus it is greatly facilitated
The prosperity of horticulture and flower industry, along with developing rapidly of facilities horticulture, intelligent greenhouse (is generally called for short attached-greenhouse
Or modern greenhouse) raw therewith.Intelligent greenhouse has sophisticated environmental control system, utilizes this system can be straight
Connect the factors such as regulation Indoor Temperature, light, water, fertilizer, gas, vegetable, flower characteristic can be improved, it is achieved complete
Year high yield, good in economic efficiency.
Temperature, humidity, illumination power and the factor such as the temperature of soil and water content in warmhouse booth, to greenhouse
Plant growth play key effect.Intelligent greenhouse uses automation control system with PLC as core, uses
Computer centralized distribution network controlling structure is to the air themperature in greenhouse, the soil moisture, relative humidity, CO2Concentration,
The parameters such as soil moisture, intensity of illumination, discharge and pH value, EC value are automatically adjusted in real time, detect,
Create the suitable environment of plant growing, make the ideal value of the close artificial imagination of the environment in greenhouse, to meet greenhouse
The demand of crop growth.
In intelligent greenhouse, flower culture typically requires specific Nutrition Soil: acid-base value is moderate, nutrient is sufficient, rich in
Organic matter, fertilizer conservation water-retention and transparent performance are good.Although and having multiple Flower nutrient soil in the market, typically
Formed with the barnyard manure mixed preparing become thoroughly decomposed by fertile land for growing field crops soil, also have selected from peat, perlite, Vermiculitum etc. by
The Nutrition Soil of special ratios mixing.But quality is very different, some proportionings are unreasonable, some selling at exorbitant prices,
Some institutes band miscellaneous bacteria is more does not meets hygienic requirements etc..And at present intelligent greenhouse is with flower culture Nutrition Soil master
It is used for providing flower growth desired nutritional, there is no the effect of sterilization and disinsection, the most do not possess the function of water-retention moisturizing,
The demand of modernization intelligent greenhouse can not be met.
Summary of the invention
To this end, the present invention provides a kind of intelligent greenhouse flower culture Nutrition Soil, needed for providing flower growth
Outside nutrition, also there is the effect of sterilization and disinsection, effectively prevent flowers root rot, rotten, infested etc., it is not necessary to
Spray insecticide and insecticide；The most also there is good water-holding capacity, without watering in the full trophophase of flowers
Or only need a small amount of water.
Invention uses technical scheme as follows, a kind of intelligent greenhouse flower culture Nutrition Soil, by weight, and bag
Include the raw material of following component: bagasse 20-30 part, wheat bran 20-30 part, Folium Juglandis 10-20 part, Folium Querci Mongolicae
10-20 part, Cortex Meliae extract 0.1-0.5 part, Folium Pini 10-20 part, tea grounds 10-30 part, volcanic ash 30-50
Part, garden mould 100-200 part, sand 20-50 part, peat 10-30 part, animal wastes 10-50 part, dreg
10-50 part.
Preparation method is: weighs the raw material in addition to Cortex Meliae extract by above-mentioned formula, stirs, then
Spray water while stirring, is sprayed onto moisture about 20%, and bar shaped is stacked, with diaphragm seal, compost.Compost
During make regular check in 2-3 week 1 time, inspection sees that compost wetness degree is whether suitable, maintains moisture 20%
Left and right.
Compost becomes thoroughly decomposed substantially to organic matter, standard: Nutrition Soil is loose condition (of surface), color pitchy, and temperature is down to
Room temperature state, is considered as ripening, it is possible to use.
Dried before using, cross 5mm sieve, be then placed on the mattess of cleaning, very thin shakeout, by force
It is exposed to the sun sunshine 3 days, a large amount of pathogenic bacteria spore, mycelia and insect ovum etc. can be killed, be subsequently adding Cortex Meliae and extract
Thing mix homogeneously, i.e. can be directly used for flower culture.
Further, for making Nutrition Soil more loose, can as required on the basis of above-mentioned Nutrition Soil according to
The ratio of 10:1-15:1 adds powdered rice hulls, and described powdered rice hulls is to be dried, be ground into coarse powder by rice husk.
The extracting method of described Cortex Meliae extract is, is pulverized by Cortex Meliae, with 60% ethanol leaching of 10 times amount
Stain 24h, extracts 2 times respectively at 60 DEG C, extracts 2-5h every time, after united extraction liquid below 70 DEG C, with true
Empty thin film concentration device carries out flash concentration, is concentrated into the 1/10-1/5 of original volume, proceeds rotating thin film
Concentrating, be vacuum dried into dry powder, then mortar is ground into powder.
Bagasse used by the present invention is the principal by product of sugar industry, is a kind of important Renewable resource.About
Account for the 24%-27% (wherein moisture content about 50%) of Caulis Sacchari sinensis, often produce the sucrose of one ton, 2-3 ton will be produced
Bagasse.The composition of bagasse is based on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, albumen, starch and solubility
Sugar content is less.The bagasse typically 90%-92% Han dry, thick protein 2.0%, crude fibre 44%-46%,
Crude fat 0.7%, nitrogen-free extract 42%, coarse ash 2%-3%, compared with crop material, the pesticide of bagasse
Residual quantity is the lowest.
Wheat bran contains more rich enzyme, protein, fat, starch, crude fibre, mineral.
Folium Juglandis is the blade of juglandaceae plant Semen Juglandis.Folium Juglandis contain gallic acid, condensed gallic acid, elaidic acid,
α-and nopinene, limonene, 1, 8-Cineole, Folium Juglandis quinone, α hydrojuglone glycoside, β-
Carotene, juglanin, Quercetin-3-α-L-arabinose glycoside, hyperin and have high antiinflammatory action
Polyphenol complex.And containing 5-hydroxy tryptamine.The water extract of leaf has powerful killing to anthrax bacillus, diphtheria corynebacterium
Bacterium effect, to vibrio cholera, bacillus subtilis, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus and large intestine
Bacillus, Bacillus typhi, dysentery bacterium have faint bactericidal action.Polyphenol complex contained in leaf has good
Antiinflammatory action；The phytocide prepared from Folium Juglandis can promote dog, the secretion of rabbit intestinal and motor function.
Querci Mongolicae belongs to the general designation that Fagaceae (Fagaceae) oak belongs to, and for fallen leaves or aiphyllium, minority is shrub.
Folium Querci Mongolicae contains the compositions such as moisture content, protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash, cellulose.
Cortex Meliae is Meliaceae plant chinaberry Melia azedarach L. and Fructus Toosendan M.toosendan Sieb.Et Zucc.
Skin, research show that Melia azedarach L. has a lot of active component, wherein Azedarachin is topmost active component, and it is right
Various pests has toxic action.
Folium Pini, the leaf of pinaster, extract is rich in saccharide, crude protein, crude fat, several amino acids and multiple micro-
Amount ore deposit element, multivitamin, bioflavonoid material, quintessence oil, chlorophyll, unsaturated fatty acid, enzyme with
Coenzyme isoreactivity material.
Tea grounds refers to steep the Folium Camelliae sinensis drunk or the most impotable Folium Camelliae sinensis.Containing abundant in tea grounds
Dietary fiber and inanimate matter and water-fast protein, fatsoluble vitamin etc..
Volcanic ash: during volcano eruption, rock or magma are ground into fine particle, and these fine particles are exactly fire
Mountain ash, volcanic ash is hard, water insoluble, is made up of rock, mineral, volcanic glass fragment etc., general diameter
Less than 2 millimeters, often in isochrome dark-grey, yellow, white.Volcanic ash is fabulous natural fertilizers, and it contains multiple agriculture
Nutrient needed for crop.
Peat is also called the peat composed of rotten mosses or peat soil, and peat venting capability is good, light weight, water holding, fertilizer conservation, is conducive to
The activity of microorganism, strengthens biological property, nutritious, is i.e. cultivation matrix, is again good soil regulation
Agent, containing the highest organic matter, humic acid and nutritional labeling.
Animal wastes can be pig manure, chicken manure, cattle manure, horsehit etc., can be single kind can also be multiple
Mix according to a certain percentage.
The present invention is by above-mentioned each component together through rational proportion and preparation, and obtained Nutrition Soil has following useful effect
Really:
(1) cleanliness without any pollution, it is not necessary to that adds preservative waits composition, and the effect with disinfection and deinsectization can press down
Pythium spp processed, phytophthora, rhizoctonia, thielaviopsis sp bacterium etc., can effectively prevent and treat flowers root rot, it is to avoid agriculture
Medicine and pesticide pollution.
(2) acid-base value is suitable, and pH value, between 6.0-7.0, is suitable for most of flower plant.
(3) Soil structure is good, and water conservation, draining and permeability are preferable, it is not necessary to extra interpolation raising agent etc.,
More environmentally friendly.
(4) rich in nutrition content, containing multiple elements such as more rich N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and contains
There is various trace elements, it is adaptable to cultivating flowering plants, can effective kind of blooming period prolonging.
(5) moisturizing water-holding capacity is good, when flower culture, disposably waters sufficient moisture, and full trophophase is without watering
Water, can meet moisture needed for flower growth.Thus save artificial, meet intelligent greenhouse automatically controls needs.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by example, the present invention is specifically described.
Embodiment 1: a kind of intelligent greenhouse flower culture Nutrition Soil, including the raw material of following component: bagasse
20 kilograms, 20 kilograms of wheat bran, Folium Juglandis 10 kilograms, Folium Querci Mongolicae 10 kilograms, 10 kilograms of Folium Pini, Melia azedarach L.
Peel extract 0.1 kilogram, tea grounds 10 kilograms, volcanic ash 30 kilograms, garden mould double centner, sand 20,000
Gram, 10 kilograms of peat, animal wastes (chicken manure: cattle manure: pig manure=1:2:3) 10 kilograms, dreg 10,000
Gram.
Preparation method is: weighs raw material by above-mentioned formula, stirs, the most while stirring spray water, is sprayed onto
Moisture about 20%, bar shaped is stacked, with diaphragm seal, compost.During compost, 2-3 week is made regular check on
1 time, inspection sees that compost wetness degree is the most suitable, maintains moisture about 20%.
Compost becomes thoroughly decomposed substantially to organic matter, standard: Nutrition Soil is loose condition (of surface), color pitchy, and temperature is down to
Room temperature state, is considered as ripening, it is possible to use.
Dried before using, cross 5mm sieve, be then placed on the mattess of cleaning, very thin shakeout, by force
It is exposed to the sun sunshine 3 days, a large amount of pathogenic bacteria spore, mycelia and insect ovum etc. can be killed, add Cortex Meliae extract and mix
After closing uniformly, can be directly used for flower culture.
Embodiment 2: a kind of intelligent greenhouse flower culture Nutrition Soil, including the raw material of following component: bagasse
30 kilograms, 30 kilograms of wheat bran, Folium Juglandis 20 kilograms, Folium Querci Mongolicae 20 kilograms, 20 kilograms of Folium Pini, Melia azedarach L.
Peel extract 0.5 kilogram, tea grounds 30 kilograms, volcanic ash 50 kilograms, garden mould 200 kilograms, sand 50,000
Gram, 30 kilograms of peat, animal wastes (chicken manure: cattle manure=3:1) 50 kilograms, dreg 50 kilograms.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: a kind of intelligent greenhouse flower culture Nutrition Soil, including the raw material of following component: bagasse
25 kilograms, 25 kilograms of wheat bran, Folium Juglandis 15 kilograms, Folium Querci Mongolicae 15 kilograms, 15 kilograms of Folium Pini, Melia azedarach L.
Peel extract 0.3 kilogram, tea grounds 20 kilograms, volcanic ash 40 kilograms, garden mould 160 kilograms, sand 30,000
Gram, 15 kilograms of peat, animal wastes (horsehit with pig manure 1:1) 30 kilograms, dreg 30 kilograms.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1, and after preparation, the ratio according to 15:1 adds powdered rice hulls.
Embodiment 4: a kind of intelligent greenhouse flower culture Nutrition Soil, including the raw material of following component: bagasse
22 kilograms, 28 kilograms of wheat bran, Folium Juglandis 14 kilograms, Folium Querci Mongolicae 18 kilograms, 16 kilograms of Folium Pini, Melia azedarach L.
Peel extract 0.4 kilogram, tea grounds 25 kilograms, volcanic ash 48 kilograms, garden mould 170 kilograms, sand 40,000
Gram, 25 kilograms of peat, animal wastes (pig manure) 40 kilograms, dreg 40 kilograms.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1, and after preparation, the ratio according to 10:1 adds powdered rice hulls.
Test example one, the Nutrition Soil of the present invention impact on Herba Antenoronis Neofiliformis seedling stage
Test method, uses intelligent greenhouse nursery and pot experiment to combine.As a example by Herba Antenoronis Neofiliformis, Herba Antenoronis Neofiliformis children
Seedling 100 strain, is randomly divided into two groups, often organizes 50 strains, and matched group is cultivated with common commercially available Nutrition Soil, test group
Nutrition Soil of the present invention is used to cultivate.From 1 day April in 2014, record every 18 days that plant height, stem be thick, leaf
Sheet number, leaf area, data are shown in Table 1.As it can be seen from table 1 test group seedling growth relatively compares, in strain
Height, stem are thick, the number of blade, leaf area aspect test group increase fast than matched group.
Table 1
Test example two, the Nutrition Soil of the present invention impact on the Herba Antenoronis Neofiliformis florescence
Test method, matched group cultivates with common commercially available Nutrition Soil, and test group uses Nutrition Soil of the present invention cultivation,
The Herba Antenoronis Neofiliformis of every group selection 50 average growing way of strain, after entering the florescence, from 10 days Mays in 2014, record
Plant height, stem are thick, the number of blade, leaf area, and data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Herba Antenoronis Neofiliformis started now to take time about 10 days May, and test group is spent several more compared with matched group, and pattern is more
Gorgeous, situation is more preferable, and the persistent period at florescence is the longest.Illustrate in addition to affecting growth of seedling, Nutrition Soil of the present invention
Number of flowers, florescence length and Flowering quality are all had an impact.
Test example three, anti-root rot effect research
Root rot is that China's African Chrysanthemum produces upper topmost disease, and its generation is wide, and harm is serious, general feelings
Under condition, sickness rate is 20%-30%, up to 80% time serious.The present inventor studies discovery and uses Nutrition Soil of the present invention
Rear root rot sickness rate declines, and average attack rate drops to 13%.
Bulbus Lilii root rot is on the rise, and can may be up to 20%-30% by Bulbus Lilii growing area sickness rate in Gansu,
In the Bulbus Lilii planting base such as Yanqing County of Beijing, Daxing, sickness rate reaches more than 30%, and uses Nutrition Soil of the present invention
Bulbus Lilii root rot sickness rate drops to 10%.
Illustrate that Nutrition Soil of the present invention has the effect that good diseases prevention is pest-resistant, it may be possible to due to the eucalyptus leaves of the present invention
And the composition of the antibacterial parasite killing having in Cortex Meliae extract, it is possible to the growth well suppressing common pathogenic bacteria is numerous
Grow, thus reach to prevent and treat the effect of root rot.
Test example four, moisturizing water-holding capacity effectiveness comparison
Test method, uses the embodiment of the present invention 4 Nutrition Soil and two kinds of different common commercially available Flower nutrient soil.
With Nutrition Soil of the present invention for test group, common commercially available Flower nutrient soil be respectively comparison one group and comparison two
Group.Every basin takes the Nutrition Soil being dried of same weight, waters the water of equal volume, under equal greenhouse experiment, waters
5 days, 15 days, 30 days, sampling in 60 days after water, period do not rewaters, and processes and compares and takes 10 the most at random
Strain soil sample, weighs, and is re-weighed after drying, calculates comparison and averagely the containing of every 100 grams of soil samples processed
The water yield (%), water content computational methods are (weight after weight in wet base-drying)/weight in wet base × 100%.
Table 3 soil moisture content survey result
The present invention can be greatly improved soil water storage moisture-retaining capacity as can be seen from Table 3, and this is likely due to this
Each component that bright Nutrition Soil is selected: bagasse, wheat bran, Folium Juglandis, Folium Querci Mongolicae, Folium Pini, tea grounds, animal excreta
Just, dreg etc. by fermentation after, it may occur that some row chemical reaction, create the knot of beneficially moisturizing water-retention
After structure or material, and addition powdered rice hulls, be conducive to keeping loosing soil and breathing freely, even if water content height also will not
Affect the gas permeability of soil.
Claims (5)
1. an intelligent greenhouse flower culture Nutrition Soil, is characterized in that, by weight, including following group
The raw material divided: bagasse 20-30 part, wheat bran 20-30 part, Folium Juglandis 10-20 part, Folium Querci Mongolicae 10-20
Part, Cortex Meliae extract 0.1-0.5 part, Folium Pini 10-20 part, tea grounds 10-30 part, volcanic ash 30-50
Part, garden mould 100-200 part, sand 20-50 part, peat 10-30 part, animal wastes 10-50 part, dreg
10-50 part.
2. Nutrition Soil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, including the raw material of following component: bagasse 25
Part, 25 parts of wheat bran, Folium Juglandis 15 parts, Folium Querci Mongolicae 15 parts, 15 parts of Folium Pini, Cortex Meliae extract 0.3
Part, tea grounds 20 parts, volcanic ash 40 parts, garden mould 160 parts, sand 30 parts, 15 parts of peat, animal wastes
30 parts, dreg 30 parts.
3. Nutrition Soil as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the extraction side of described Cortex Meliae extract
Method is, is pulverized by Cortex Meliae, by 60% alcohol dipping 24h of 10 times amount, extracts 2 times respectively at 60 DEG C,
Extract 2-5h every time, after united extraction liquid below 70 DEG C, carry out flash concentration by Reduced Pressure Concentration Device,
It is concentrated into the 1/10-1/5 of original volume, proceeds rotating thin film and concentrate, be vacuum dried into dry powder, then grind
Alms bowl is ground into powder.
4. the preparation method of Nutrition Soil described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, step is as follows: by formula
Weigh the raw material in addition to Cortex Meliae extract, stir, the most while stirring spray water, be sprayed onto moisture and contain
Amount about 20%, bar shaped is stacked, with diaphragm seal, compost；Make regular check in 2-3 week 1 time during compost,
Inspection sees that compost wetness degree is the most suitable, maintains moisture about 20%；Compost becomes thoroughly decomposed substantially to organic matter；
Dry, cross 5mm sieve, be then placed on the mattess of cleaning, very thin shakeout, be exposed to the sun strong sunshine 3 days,
It is subsequently adding Cortex Meliae extract mix homogeneously.
5. the preparation method of as claimed in claim 4 Nutrition Soil, is characterized in that, the Nutrition Soil being prepared as according to
The ratio of 10:1-15:1 adds powdered rice hulls.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN106489596A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-15 | 广西鑫雅皇庭园林工程有限责任公司 | A kind of planting matrix of orchid |
| CN106718278A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 天峨县全盛蜂业科技有限公司 | A kind of planting pot is green to plant special nutrient soil and preparation method thereof |
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