CN109195734B - 阀座环 - Google Patents
阀座环 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109195734B CN109195734B CN201780031636.4A CN201780031636A CN109195734B CN 109195734 B CN109195734 B CN 109195734B CN 201780031636 A CN201780031636 A CN 201780031636A CN 109195734 B CN109195734 B CN 109195734B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- valve seat
- seat ring
- ring according
- functional layer
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910005487 Ni2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021335 Ni31Si12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003217 Ni3Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Cr2Nb Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012050 conventional carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zirconium Chemical compound [Cu].[Zr] XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicon Chemical group [Si].[Ni] PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=S PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003826 uniaxial pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
- B22F7/064—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts using an intermediate powder layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/08—Valves guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K25/00—Details relating to contact between valve members and seats
- F16K25/005—Particular materials for seats or closure elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2810/00—Arrangements solving specific problems in relation with valve gears
- F01L2810/02—Lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
- F01L2820/01—Absolute values
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0469—Other heavy metals
- F05C2201/0475—Copper or alloys thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及高导热阀座环(1),其包括载体层(2)和功能层(3),其中所述载体层(2)由包含0.10%w/w至20%w/w的固化组分的固化的铜基质组成并且所述功能层(3)由进一步包含基于铜基质5%w/w至35%w/w的一个或多个硬质相的固化的铜基质组成。
Description
本发明涉及一种阀座环,其具有载体层和功能层,其各自展示非常高的导热系数。载体层和功能层各自具有铜基质。本发明具体涉及一种粉末冶金产生的阀座环。
上面提到的阀座环类型从例如日本特开专利申请JP 6145720 A中已知。该申请描述了用于内燃机的,具有Co和Mo组分的、渗入铜的多层阀座环。
原则上,现有技术的阀座环具有的优势在于它们展示了卓越的强度。这尤其是由于提供了两个不同材料层的事实,在该情况下,载体材料具有足够的强度值,同时功能材料具有对于密封功能必要的特性,比如耐磨性。
但是,上面提到的该类型的这种现有技术的阀座环的缺点在于由于它们差的导热系数特性,它们可能无法满足内燃机增加的要求。常规载体材料的导热系数通常小于45W/mK。高的导热系数有助于降低阀温度并且有助于环境友好的操作。
为了提高阀座环的导热系数,已知粉末冶金产生的环渗入铜。铜含量增加了导热系数,但是材料的孔的铜吸收容量是有限的。
从DE 10 2012 013 226 A1已知,阀座环已经明显改善了它们的导热系数。环在载体材料中具有增加的铜含量,其通过将铜合金至载体基质中、通过引入烧结的铜粉末和通过渗入铜而实现。铜含量可占载体基质的达40%w/w。用该材料可实现达80W/mK的导热系数。在功能层中,由于增加的铜含量,可实现约50W/mK的最大导热系数。
用常规的材料和方法,可能无法使得导热系数的进一步增加。尤其,对于载体材料,必须对具有更高导热系数的材料进行改变。
常规阀座环的另一问题涉及热耗散至气缸盖中。这需要优化热流,其一方面取决于气缸盖与阀座环的接触表面,尤其载体材料与气缸盖的接触表面,并且另一方面也取决于材料的结构。高孔隙率以及材料结构的损伤将对于良好热流具有不利影响。
但是,原则上,包括载体基质和功能层的阀座环的两层结构已经证实了其价值。尤其,其确保了热经具有高导热系数的载体基质适当地耗散。但是,对于常规材料,由于它们被用于功能涂层,已经没有了改善的可能性。
这里存在的问题是来自功能层的耗散至气缸盖。功能层本身与气缸盖具有仅仅有限的接触表面,从而热可积聚在该处。由于该原因,必须使得热经载体层耗散至气缸盖,即一方面使用功能层和载体层之间的接触表面和另一方面使用载体层和气缸盖之间的接触表面用于传热。在该背景下,有理由使得材料就它们的导热系数而言,彼此一致。
功能层通常包含硬质相,其明显降低了导热系数。通常,实现了不超过50W/mK的热导热系数。
对于这种阀座环的单个层,铜本身提供为具有高导热系数的材料。但是,纯铜本身由于其延伸性和低强度而不适于该目的。
具有必要的硬度和强度的铜合金包含大量的铍,一种高毒性金属,如果可能,除了特殊应用,比如赛车,则不应使用它。而且,已知氧化铝作为固化/强化添加剂。
本发明的目的是提供上面提到类型的阀座环,其经其材料提供明显更高导热系数特性。同时,该材料应允许高热流。而且,阀座环应满足有关气密性、尺寸精度和强度的一般要求。
通过提供上面提到的类型的通过粉末冶金产生的阀座环而实现了该目的,其中载体层由包含0.10%w/w至20%w/w的固化/强化组分的固化的铜基质组成,并且功能层也由进一步包含5%w/w至35%w/w,优选5%w/w至25%w/w的硬质相的固化的铜基质组成。
基本上,载体层的导热系数超过了用于气缸盖的材料的导热系数,尤其在500℃下大于120W/mK。在500℃下,功能层的导热系数应尽可能的接近气缸盖材料的导热系数,即大于50W/mK,优选地大于70W/mK。但是,并且如本发明所提出的,这也可用其他材料实现。
用于载体层和功能层的固化组分可相同或不同。
本发明提出的阀座环是所谓的双层阀座环,其中形成基座的载体层与功能层重叠。根据本发明,载体层由固化的铜基质组成,所述固化的铜基质具有0.10%w/w至20%w/w,优选地0.25%w/w至15%w/w的一种或多种固化组分。作为固化组分,氧化物和金属间相是非常合适的。
例如,氧化铝、二氧化硅和氧化钇可用作固化氧化物。而且,稀土金属的氧化物和二氧化钛也适合该目的。
优选的固化组分为氧化铝Al2O3、氧化钇Y2O3和氧化钛TiO2,其可以优选地在0.1%w/w和2.5%w/w之间范围的量添加至铜。这种少量的添加已经足够提高铜的高温强度,并且同时,仅仅稍微降低导热系数。金属间相尤其为基于Cu、Cr、Nb、Ni、Zr和Si的那些。在该背景下为Cr2Nb、Cu5Zr、Cr2Zr、Ni2Si、Ni3Si、Ni31Si12和CuZr。这种金属间相在冷却期间,通过从过饱和的精细分散形式的基质沉淀而形成。
优选为铬和铌的金属间相,例如Cr2Nb,其例如可以2%w/w和15%w/w之间范围的量使用。量在0.5%w/w和5%w/w之间的铬和锆提供类似的益处。
另一适当的组分为镍-硅相,比如Ni2Si、Ni3Si或Ni31Si12,例如0.5%w/w至5%w/w的量。
最后,以高达5%w/w的量使用铜-锆相,比如Cu5Zr或CuZr也有益于产生期望的固化。无论如何,也可添加银,其优势在于对于导热系数产生积极贡献。添加的银的量可高达10%w/w。
如上述的固化的铜基质用于功能层,但是该基质另外提供量为5%w/w至35%w/w,优选地5%w/w至25%w/w的硬质相。这种硬质相例如作为合金粉末与铜粉末混合,由此合金粉末可形成金属间相。硬质相的百分数指功能层的固化的铜基质的重量。
硬质相可尤其基于铁、镍或钴。也可使用碳化物、氧化的陶瓷或氮化的陶瓷。必要地,硬质相并入固化的铜基质并且提供必要的耐磨性。
例如,已知的含有钴、碳、钼、钒和钨的基于铁的硬质相可用作硬质相。可选地,可使用含有钼、硅和铬(如果必要镍)的钴硬质相。
下述碳化物材料尤其合适:碳化钨、碳化硅、碳化钛和碳化铬。例如,氧化铝可用作氧化的陶瓷和氮化钛、氮化铬和立方氮化硼作为氮化的陶瓷材料。
功能层可包含常见的固体润滑剂,例如MnS、MoS2、WS2、CaF2或六角形氮化硼,相对于固化的铜基质,通常量的范围在0.1%w/w和5%w/w之间。
使用的材料的概述可见表1(载体材料)和表2(用于功能材料的硬质相)。
表1:用于载体层的基质材料
表2:用于功能层的硬质相
用于固化铜基质的优选的材料为Al2O3,通过其即使少量使用可实现期望的固化。
优选的硬质相基于铁、镍或钴,尤其为Tribaloy型,比如T400和T800。
无论如何,本发明提出的阀座环具有两层结构。层之间的分界线可大体上为水平构造,即,两个层彼此依靠并且在接触区中在压力和温度的影响下结合。但是,角度为高达65°,尤其35°至65°的区分层的倾斜构造是优选的,载体层朝着外侧延伸并且因此产生与气缸盖以及与功能层大的接触表面。尤其优选的角度范围在40°和55°之间。
本发明的阀座环的载体层在500℃下的导热系数≥120W/mK并且优选地在500℃下≥220W/mK。可实现在500℃下大于300W/mK的导热系数,其为先前可实现的导热系数的三倍至四倍。
在功能层中,可实现在500℃下大于70W/mK至250W/mK的导热系数,其也远高迄今可实现的值。
为了增加导热系数,根据本发明的阀座环可渗入载体层和功能层中。功能层可此外包含促进功能的其他添加剂,例如润滑剂比如硫化钼或金属添加剂比如钼或铌。这种添加剂可存在的量级相对于功能层的重量高达15%w/w。以粉末形式添加至待烧结的生压坯的钼和铌,表面氧化并且有益于降低摩擦。
铜合金,例如,而且银和银合金可用于渗透。
根据本发明的阀座环尤其通过粉末冶金制造。本发明提出的阀座环可根据涉及在数个步骤中压实和烧结相关粉末的工艺制造,即:
将粉末混合,
将载体层的粉末填充至铸模,
如果必要,则预压实载体层的粉末,
将功能层的粉末填充至铸模,
压实模具中的粉末,
将粉末烧结,和
使烧结的环进行热后处理和/或机械后处理。
单轴冲压可用于粉末的压实,但是冷等静轧制(CIP)例如也可能作为可选方案。
烧结随后也可为热等静轧制(HIP)或替换该步骤。烧结步骤发生的温度为例如≥850℃。
可建议在第一烧结步骤之后使粉末再致密化,并且,如果必要,则重复烧结。
除非另外指出,否则所有的重量标识都是基于各个层的重量。
参考附图更详细地描述本发明。
图1显示了如本发明提出的阀座环1,以横截面表示,下方的载体层2和设置在其上功能层3。两个层之间的分界线基本上是水平的。
图2为贯穿根据本发明的阀座环1的横截面图,在载体层2和功能层3之间存在倾斜的分界线。载体层2因此朝着外边缘扩展并且如此增加了与周围气缸盖的接触表面。这使得改进了可实现的进入冷却的气缸盖的热流。层之间存在过渡区4,其中分界线在载体层2和功能层3之间穿过。
图3中,显示了本发明的范围内的不同材料的不同温度的导热系数值。材料如下:
1.由氧化物强化的铜组成的载体材料;
2.具有20%的硬质相的功能材料;
3.具有30%的硬质相的功能材料;
4.具有40%的硬质相的功能材料。
对于所有的功能材料,载体基质与载体材料中的相同。
Claims (22)
1.一种阀座环(1),其包括载体层(2)和功能层(3),
其特征在于,所述载体层(2)由包含0.10%w/w至20%w/w的固化/强化组分的固化的铜基质组成,并且所述功能层(3)由进一步包含基于所述铜基质的5%w/w至35%w/w的一个或多个硬质相的固化的铜基质组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阀座环,特征在于所述铜基质的所述固化组分为氧化物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的阀座环,其中所述氧化物是Al2O3或Y2O3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阀座环,特征在于所述铜基质的所述固化组分为金属间相。
5.根据权利要求4所述的阀座环,其中所述金属间相包含Cu、Cr、Zr、Nb、Ni和/或Si。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阀座环,特征在于所述固化组分为Al2O3或Cr2Nb。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的阀座环,特征在于所述功能层的所述硬质相为基于铁、钴、镍、碳化物、氧化物和/或氮化物的硬质相。
8.根据权利要求7所述的阀座环,特征在于所述硬质相为基于铁、镍或钴的硬质相。
9.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的阀座环,特征在于所述功能层包含0.1%w/w至5%w/w的固体润滑剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的阀座环,特征在于所述固体润滑剂为MnS、MoS2、WS2、CaF2或六角形BN。
11.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的阀座环,特征在于载体层(2)和功能层(3)之间的分界线以0°至65°的角度延伸,所述载体层(2)朝着外侧变宽。
12.根据权利要求11所述的阀座环,特征在于所述分界线以35°和65°之间的角度延伸。
13.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的阀座环,所述载体层(2)在500℃下的导热系数≥120W/mK。
14.根据权利要求13所述的阀座环,特征在于所述载体层(2)在500℃下的导热系数≥220W/mK。
15.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的阀座环,特征在于所述功能层(3)在500℃下的导热系数≥70W/mK。
16.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的阀座环,其通过粉末冶金工艺制造。
17.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的阀座环,其具有涂层。
18.制造根据前述权利要求1至17中任一项所述的阀座环的方法,特征在于下述步骤:
-将粉末混合,
-将所述载体层(2)的粉末填充至铸模,
-根据需要预压实所述载体层(2)的粉末,
-将所述功能层(3)的粉末填充至铸模,
-将所述粉末在模具中压实,
-将所述粉末烧结或使所述粉末进行HIP,和
-使烧结的环进行热后处理或机械后处理。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,特征在于所述粉末在第一烧结步骤之后,被后压实和/或后烧结。
20.根据权利要求18或19所述的方法,特征在于烧结步骤在≥850℃的温度下进行。
21.根据权利要求18或19所述的方法,特征在于压实通过CIP进行。
22.根据权利要求20所述的方法,特征在于压实通过CIP进行。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016109539.7 | 2016-05-24 | ||
DE102016109539.7A DE102016109539A1 (de) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-05-24 | Ventilsitzring |
PCT/EP2017/062681 WO2017202998A1 (de) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-05-24 | Ventilsitzring |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109195734A CN109195734A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
CN109195734B true CN109195734B (zh) | 2021-08-10 |
Family
ID=59078021
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201780031636.4A Active CN109195734B (zh) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-05-24 | 阀座环 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11311936B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3463722A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7071931B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102288185B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN109195734B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102016109539A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2017202998A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3406865B1 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2020-01-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Riken | Sintered valve seat |
DE102018218241A1 (de) | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verfahren zur Montage eines Ventilsitzrings an einem Zylinderklopf einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102018219686A1 (de) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-20 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mit Kupfer infiltrierten Ventilsitzrings |
CN109371281B (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-10-30 | 宁波正直科技有限公司 | 一种耐高温热腐蚀的黄铜合金及其制备的火盖 |
CN110216277B (zh) * | 2019-06-13 | 2021-08-24 | 金堆城钼业股份有限公司 | 一种难熔金属复合管材的制备方法 |
DE102019130852A1 (de) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-20 | Man Energy Solutions Se | Ventilsitzring eines Gaswechselventils und Gaswechselventil |
DE102020212371A1 (de) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-03-31 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verfahren zum pulvermetallurgischen Herstellen eines Bauteils |
DE102020213651A1 (de) | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-05 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verschleißfeste, hochwärmeleitfähige Sinterlegierung, insbesondere für Lageranwendungen und Ventilsitzringe |
DE102021210268A1 (de) | 2021-09-16 | 2023-03-16 | Mahle International Gmbh | Schichtgesinterter Ventilsitzring, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung, Kombinationen damit und deren Verwendung |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1042948A (zh) * | 1988-11-12 | 1990-06-13 | 克烈舍格金属烧结工厂股份有限公司 | 铜基烧结材料及其应用和由该烧结材料制造模制构件的方法 |
CN104428500A (zh) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-03-18 | 布莱史塔生产有限两合公司 | 高导热性气门座圈 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6145720A (ja) | 1984-08-09 | 1986-03-05 | 株式会社トプコン | 視力検査用装置 |
JPH06145720A (ja) * | 1992-11-12 | 1994-05-27 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 内燃機関用銅溶浸鉄系焼結合金製2層バルブシート |
JPH07317512A (ja) * | 1994-05-24 | 1995-12-05 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | 弁座およびその製造方法 |
JP3304021B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-20 | 2002-07-22 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 高温耐摩耗性に優れた銅合金 |
JPH0931571A (ja) * | 1995-07-17 | 1997-02-04 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | 耐摩耗性銅系焼結合金 |
JPH0953424A (ja) | 1995-08-14 | 1997-02-25 | Mazda Motor Corp | 軽合金シリンダヘッド及びその製造方法 |
DE19606270A1 (de) | 1996-02-21 | 1997-08-28 | Bleistahl Prod Gmbh & Co Kg | Werkstoff zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung von Formteilen, insbesondere von Ventilsitzringen mit hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit und hoher Verschleiß- und Korrosionsfestigkeit |
JPH10266816A (ja) * | 1997-03-24 | 1998-10-06 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 焼結バルブシート部材及びその製造方法 |
JPH10274012A (ja) | 1997-03-28 | 1998-10-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | エンジンの肉盛りバルブシート及びその製造装置 |
DE10041974B4 (de) * | 2000-08-25 | 2008-02-14 | Daimler Ag | Beschichtungsverfahren für Zylinderköpfe und Verwendung |
US7794520B2 (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2010-09-14 | Touchstone Research Laboratory, Ltd. | Metal matrix composites with intermetallic reinforcements |
JP3926320B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-10 | 2007-06-06 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | 鉄基焼結合金製バルブシートおよびその製造方法 |
JP4472979B2 (ja) | 2003-12-17 | 2010-06-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 肉盛用耐摩耗性銅基合金 |
DE102007044160A1 (de) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-19 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Verbundwerkstoff aus Metall und Keramik und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
CN201277069Y (zh) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-07-22 | 上海柴油机股份有限公司 | 天然气发动机排气门座圈 |
JP5828680B2 (ja) | 2011-05-31 | 2015-12-09 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | 熱伝導性に優れたバルブシート |
JP6265474B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-27 | 2018-01-24 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | 熱伝導性に優れる内燃機関用鉄基焼結合金製バルブシートおよびその製造方法 |
CN104294269A (zh) * | 2014-10-08 | 2015-01-21 | 仪征威龙发动机零部件有限公司 | 一种气门座加工工艺 |
-
2016
- 2016-05-24 DE DE102016109539.7A patent/DE102016109539A1/de active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-05-24 JP JP2018558729A patent/JP7071931B2/ja active Active
- 2017-05-24 US US16/099,615 patent/US11311936B2/en active Active
- 2017-05-24 WO PCT/EP2017/062681 patent/WO2017202998A1/de unknown
- 2017-05-24 EP EP17731073.7A patent/EP3463722A1/de active Pending
- 2017-05-24 CN CN201780031636.4A patent/CN109195734B/zh active Active
- 2017-05-24 KR KR1020187033403A patent/KR102288185B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1042948A (zh) * | 1988-11-12 | 1990-06-13 | 克烈舍格金属烧结工厂股份有限公司 | 铜基烧结材料及其应用和由该烧结材料制造模制构件的方法 |
CN104428500A (zh) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-03-18 | 布莱史塔生产有限两合公司 | 高导热性气门座圈 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR102288185B1 (ko) | 2021-08-09 |
JP7071931B2 (ja) | 2022-05-19 |
WO2017202998A1 (de) | 2017-11-30 |
JP2019520475A (ja) | 2019-07-18 |
DE102016109539A1 (de) | 2017-12-14 |
US11311936B2 (en) | 2022-04-26 |
CN109195734A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
KR20190013753A (ko) | 2019-02-11 |
US20190143415A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
EP3463722A1 (de) | 2019-04-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN109195734B (zh) | 阀座环 | |
JP4115826B2 (ja) | アルミニウム合金鋳包み性に優れた鉄系焼結体およびその製造方法 | |
JP3191665B2 (ja) | 金属焼結体複合材料及びその製造方法 | |
CN109996897B (zh) | 具有优异导热性的渗铜的钼和/或钨基粉末金属合金 | |
JP2010216016A (ja) | 粉末冶金用混合物及びこれを用いた粉末冶金部品の製造方法 | |
JP2003268414A (ja) | バルブシート用焼結合金、バルブシート及び製造方法 | |
JP2019520475A5 (zh) | ||
EP3406865B1 (en) | Sintered valve seat | |
US10272496B2 (en) | Method for producing a valve seat ring | |
KR19980080139A (ko) | 금속 다공체 및 경합금 복합부재 및 이들의 제조방법 | |
JP2010274315A (ja) | 軽金属合金鋳包み用バルブシート | |
JP4270973B2 (ja) | 軽金属合金鋳包み性に優れたバルブシート用鉄系焼結体 | |
CN106984803A (zh) | 用于生产多孔成形主体的方法 | |
WO2022059310A1 (ja) | 焼結バルブシート | |
KR101636762B1 (ko) | 차량 엔진용 복합 소결 인서트링 일체형 엔진 피스톤의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 엔진 피스톤 | |
WO2017002623A1 (ja) | 熱伝導性に優れた耐摩環用複合体 | |
JP4223817B2 (ja) | 軽金属合金鋳包み用バルブシート | |
JP6222815B2 (ja) | 焼結部材 | |
JP2790807B2 (ja) | 複合ピストン | |
JPH11141316A (ja) | 2層構造のバルブ・シート体およびその製法 | |
JP3883656B2 (ja) | 耐摩環およびそれを装着したピストン | |
US20220136561A1 (en) | Wear resistant, highly thermally conductive sintered alloy | |
JP2013173961A (ja) | 鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート | |
JPH05279814A (ja) | 焼結合金およびその製造方法 | |
JPH08229663A (ja) | 金属焼結体複合材料 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |