WO2017002623A1 - 熱伝導性に優れた耐摩環用複合体 - Google Patents
熱伝導性に優れた耐摩環用複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017002623A1 WO2017002623A1 PCT/JP2016/067812 JP2016067812W WO2017002623A1 WO 2017002623 A1 WO2017002623 A1 WO 2017002623A1 JP 2016067812 W JP2016067812 W JP 2016067812W WO 2017002623 A1 WO2017002623 A1 WO 2017002623A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wear
- composite
- aluminum alloy
- iron
- sintered body
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/008—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression characterised by the composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/02—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of piston rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an iron-based sintered body suitable for an anti-friction ring used for an internal combustion engine such as an automobile, and more particularly to an anti-friction ring composite formed by casting an anti-friction iron-based sintered body in an aluminum alloy. .
- Patent Document 1 includes an iron-based porous metal sintered body having a three-dimensional lattice structure with pores, and a light metal impregnated and solidified in the pores of the porous metal sintered body.
- a metal sintered body composite material in which the metal constituting the metal sintered body is set to HV200 to 800 in micro Vickers hardness has been proposed.
- at least one of Cr, Mo, V, W, Mn, and Si is 2 to 70% by weight, carbon is 0.07 to 8.2%, and the remaining Fe contains inevitable impurities.
- the porous metal sintered body is gas-quenched to cool the porous metal sintered body in the gas
- the pores of the porous metal sintered body are impregnated with a melt of light metal and solidified to form a composite It is supposed to be a body.
- Patent Document 2 describes an aluminum alloy piston for an internal combustion engine that includes a support member that forms a piston ring groove.
- a support member that forms a piston ring groove.
- an austenitic stainless steel porous body having a relative density of 50 to 80% is used as a support member, and the support member is cast in an aluminum alloy constituting the piston body.
- Patent Document 3 describes a porous metal sintered body for reinforcing light alloy members.
- the porous metal sintered body described in Patent Document 3 is a porous metal sintered body obtained by compacting and sintering a mixed powder containing an alloy powder, and has a porosity of 15 to 50%.
- the porous metal sintered body is excellent in light metal impregnation property, having 80% or more of pores having a diameter of 5 ⁇ m or more among the pores and having a crushing strength of 200 MPa or more.
- the porous metal sintered body is preferably a porous stainless steel sintered body or a porous Fe—Cu—C sintered body.
- the porous Fe—Cu—C sintered body preferably contains 2 to 6% by mass of Cu.
- Patent Document 1 contains a large amount of alloy elements such as Cr, Mo, and V so that gas quenching is possible, and is expensive as a material to be cast in a light alloy. , It becomes economically disadvantageous.
- the composite described in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that the thermal conductivity is low and the heat sinkability is insufficient.
- the support member is made of austenitic stainless steel, and contains a large amount of alloy elements such as Cr and Ni, is expensive, and has a low thermal conductivity. As a member for a high-load engine in recent years, there has been a problem that the heat shrinkability is insufficient.
- the porous metal sintered body is a porous stainless steel sintered body, it contains a large amount of alloy elements such as Cr and Ni and is expensive, and the thermal conductivity. Is low. For this reason, there has been a problem that the thermal resistance is insufficient particularly as a member for a high-load engine in recent years. Further, when the porous metal sintered body is a porous Fe—Cu—C sintered body containing a low Cu content of 2 to 6%, there is a problem that the heat shrinkability as a composite is insufficient.
- the present invention is an anti-friction ring composite formed by casting an anti-friction ring iron-based sintered body with an aluminum alloy, which is suitable for reinforcing an aluminum alloy member such as an engine.
- it is an object of the present invention to provide a composite for wear-resistant ring having excellent thermal conductivity with a crushing strength of 300 MPa or more and a thermal conductivity of 40 W / m / K or more.
- the present inventors have intensively studied various factors that affect the thermal conductivity of a composite formed by casting an iron-based sintered body with an aluminum alloy.
- the iron base sintered body to be used has an iron base having a continuous pore having a porosity of 15 to 50%, containing Cu, and having a structure in which a free Cu phase is dispersed in the matrix. I came up with a sintered body.
- the thermal conductivity of the composite is limited to a certain range. There was no significant increase.
- the Cu content or the amount of impregnation of the aluminum alloy is increased beyond the certain range, the strength of the composite is reduced.
- the present inventors have come up with the idea that the thermal conductivity of the base phase of the iron-based sintered body has a great influence on the thermal conductivity of the composite, and the relatively high thermal conductivity. It has been thought that it is effective to use an iron-based sintered body having a structure that is a pearlite base having a high rate. However, since the pearlite base has a lower coefficient of linear expansion than the austenite base, it can be used on the boundary surface (interface) between the aluminum alloy and the sintered body due to the casting of the aluminum alloy during the production of the composite and the thermal load during actual operation. It is conceivable that a large difference in expansion is caused to cause peeling or the like.
- the present inventors have found that even when the iron-based sintered body has a relatively low linear expansion coefficient, I came to think that peeling can be avoided at the time of implementation.
- the present inventors have found that the material of the wear resistant ring cast into the aluminum alloy has continuous pores with a porosity of 15 to 50%, and the free Cu phase is dispersed in the pearlite matrix. It has been found that an iron-based sintered body having the above-described structure can increase the boundary strength with an aluminum alloy in a composite cast with an aluminum alloy to a certain level or higher.
- the composite for wear-resistant rings having such a structure has a desired crushing strength, has a significantly improved thermal conductivity, and even if it has a relatively low linear expansion coefficient, it has a boundary with an aluminum alloy. It has been found that because of its high strength, it can prevent delamination during production and production.
- the present invention has been completed based on such findings and further studies. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- a wear-resistant ring composite in which an iron-base sintered body for wear-resistant rings is cast with an aluminum alloy, and the iron-based sintered body for wear-resistant rings is C: 0.4 to 1.5% by mass, Cu: Contains 20 to 40%, balance Fe and inevitable impurities, volume ratio of porosity: 15-50%, vacancy is continuously present, base is pearlite, base It is an iron-based sintered body having a structure in which a free Cu phase is dispersed, and the pores are impregnated with an aluminum alloy, the thermal conductivity is 40 W / m / K or more, and the crushing strength is 300 MPa or more.
- a composite for wear-resistant ring having excellent thermal conductivity having excellent thermal conductivity.
- the average linear expansion coefficient from room temperature to 300 ° C. is 13.6 to 16.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K, and the boundary with the aluminum alloy A composite for wear-resisting, wherein the strength is 1.5 times or more of the boundary strength between a composite formed by casting aluminum resist-treated Ni-resist cast iron in an aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy.
- a total of 2 dispersed particles containing Mo or Si A composite for wear-resistant rings, characterized in that the structure is dispersed in mass% or less.
- a wear-resistant ring-based sintered body is mounted on a predetermined portion of a mold, a molten aluminum alloy is poured into the mold, and the iron-based sintered body for wear-resistant ring is cast and a composite for wear-resistant ring.
- a method for producing a composite for wear-resistant ring comprising 20% to 40% of Cu powder in an iron-based powder based on the total amount of iron-based powder, graphite powder, Cu powder and powder for dispersed particles.
- the green compact was sintered, and contained by mass%, C: 0.4 to 1.5%, Cu: 20 to 40%, from the remaining Fe and inevitable impurities
- the composition and the volume ratio of the porosity 15 to 50%, the pores are continuously present, the matrix is pearlite, the free Cu phase in the matrix, or the dispersion of 2% or less by mass%.
- a method for producing a wear resistant ring composite comprising impregnating an aluminum alloy with a thermal conductivity of 40 W / m / K or more and a crushing strength of 300 MPa or more.
- the dispersed particles are dispersed particles containing Mo or Si.
- the composite for wear-resistant ring of the present invention is a composite formed by casting an iron-based sintered body for wear-resistant ring with an aluminum alloy, or a composite formed by impregnating an iron-based sintered body for wear-resistant ring with an aluminum alloy. . Therefore, the voids of the iron-based sintered body are impregnated with an aluminum alloy.
- the wear-resistant ring-based composite of the present invention which is cast with an aluminum alloy, contains, in mass%, C: 0.4 to 1.5%, Cu: 20 to 40%, the remaining Fe and inevitable Composition composed of impurities, volume ratio of porosity: 15-50%, continuous pores, matrix is pearlite, free Cu phase is dispersed in the matrix, or further contains Mo or Si
- An iron-based sintered body having a structure in which the particles are dispersed by 2% by mass or less in total with respect to the total mass of the sintered body.
- C 0.4-1.5%
- C is an element that increases the strength and hardness of the sintered body.
- the base is rich in machinability (machinability) and has a good thermal conductivity pearlite structure. It needs to contain 0.4% or more.
- machinability machinability
- thermal conductivity a good thermal conductivity pearlite structure.
- C is limited to the range of 0.4 to 1.5%.
- Cu dissolves to increase the strength of the sintered body, and as a free Cu phase, it disperses in the matrix phase and in the vacancies, and when it is cast in the aluminum alloy, it reacts with the aluminum alloy and becomes iron-based sintered.
- the bonding strength (boundary strength) between the bonded body and the aluminum alloy (aluminum alloy member) is increased. If the Cu content is less than 20%, the thermal conductivity cannot be made 40 W / m / K or more. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 40%, mechanical properties such as the strength of the composite deteriorate. For this reason, Cu is limited to the range of 20-40%. It is preferably 25 to 35%.
- the sintered body in which dispersed particles containing Mo or Si are further dispersed has a composition comprising The balance other than the components described above consists of Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the base of the iron-based sintered body for wear-resistant rings used in the present invention is pearlite.
- base structures such as ferrite and martensite
- pearlite bases have good machinability and high thermal conductivity. For this reason, in the present invention, the base of the iron-based sintered body is limited to pearlite.
- the anti-friction ring-based iron-based sintered body used in the present invention has a structure in which a free Cu phase or further dispersed particles containing Mo or Si are dispersed in a matrix.
- the free Cu phase reacts with the aluminum alloy impregnated in the pores at the time of producing the composite and has a function of firmly joining the aluminum alloy and the iron-based sintered body. If the Cu content is within the range of the present invention, the bonding strength (boundary strength) increases and the thermal conductivity tends to be improved.
- the dispersion amount of the free Cu phase is determined depending on the Cu content of the iron-based sintered body or the amount of alloy elements further contained, it is not necessary to specifically limit it.
- Cu is contained in excess of the solid solubility limit, and Cu is largely dispersed as a free Cu phase.
- Both Mo and Si tend to have higher thermal conductivity than Fe, and are elements that contribute to the improvement of thermal conductivity.
- Dispersed particles containing Mo or Si can be used to improve thermal conductivity. Disperse.
- dispersed particles containing Mo or Si are dispersed in the sintered body.
- the amount of dispersed particles containing Mo or Si exceeds 2% by mass in total, the sinterability and the composite property are deteriorated.
- Dispersed particles containing Mo or Si are caused by blending as dispersed particle powder in addition to iron-based powder.
- the mixed powder containing Mo or Si is only partly dissolved, but most of the powder is dispersed in the matrix phase as dispersed particles containing Mo or Si.
- dispersed particles containing Mo or Si include Mo particles, Fe—Mo particles, Fe—Si particles, and SiC particles.
- the iron-based sintered body used in the composite of the present invention is a sintered body having a porosity of 15 to 50% by volume.
- Porosity 15-50% When the porosity is less than 15%, when the iron-based sintered body is cast with an aluminum alloy or impregnated with the aluminum alloy, the molten aluminum alloy does not sufficiently impregnate the pores, and the bonding strength is low. descend. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50%, the number of pores is excessive and the strength is too low, which causes a reduction in member strength. For this reason, the porosity of the iron-based sintered body to be used is limited to the range of 15 to 50% by volume ratio. It is preferably 25 to 35%.
- the “porosity” referred to here is the total porosity, and is calculated from the density measured by the Archimedes method.
- the iron-based sintered body used in the composite of the present invention needs to have pores continuously in order to impregnate the pores with the aluminum alloy.
- the “total pore amount” referred to here is obtained by conversion from the density measured by the Archimedes method.
- the “continuous pore volume” is determined by immersing the sintered body in liquid wax for 60 minutes to infiltrate the wax, and converting the weight change before and after the penetration to obtain the amount.
- the preferable manufacturing method of the iron group sintered compact for wear-resistant rings used by this invention composite is demonstrated. After mixing iron powder (iron-based powder), Cu powder and graphite powder, or powder for dispersed particles, and lubricant powder to form a mixed powder, the mixed powder is molded to be used for wear-resistant rings The green compact is shaped. And the obtained green compact is sintered to make an iron-based sintered body for wear-resistant rings.
- iron powder iron-based powder
- Cu powder Fe-Cu alloy powder may be used.
- the Fe—Cu alloy powder may include a powder obtained by partially alloying Cu around the iron powder. Needless to say, the amount of Cu powder or Fe—Cu alloy powder is adjusted so as to be the Cu content (20 to 40 mass%) of the iron-based sintered body.
- the powder for dispersed particles containing Mo or Si is blended so that the total amount is 2% or less by mass% with respect to the total amount of the sintered body. It is preferable to do.
- the powder containing Mo or Si is preferably Mo powder, Fe—Mo powder, Fe—Si powder, or SiC powder, but is not limited to this.
- the iron-based powder (iron powder or Fe-Cu alloy powder) passes through a 60 mesh screen (hereinafter also referred to as 60 mesh under or -60 mesh) and does not pass through a 350 mesh screen (hereinafter 350).
- the powder is adjusted to a particle size distribution (also referred to as mesh over or +350 mesh).
- the iron-based powder (iron powder or Fe—Cu alloy powder) having the particle size distribution as described above, Cu powder, and powder for dispersed particles are further mixed together with graphite powder and lubricant powder to obtain a mixed powder.
- Graphite powder is blended to adjust the C content of the iron-based sintered body.
- the blending ratio is preferably 0.4 to 1.5% in terms of mass% with respect to the total amount of iron-based powder, graphite powder, Cu powder and dispersed particle powder. If the blending ratio is less than 0.4%, it is difficult to secure a desired strength. On the other hand, if the blending ratio exceeds 1.5%, the carbides become coarse, and the machinability, thermal conductivity, and strength decrease.
- the particle size of the graphite powder is preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m. If it is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, handling becomes difficult, while if it exceeds 10 ⁇ m, uniform dispersion becomes difficult.
- the lubricant powder is contained in the mixed powder in order to improve the moldability at the time of compacting and increase the compact density.
- any conventional lubricant powder such as zinc stearate is suitable.
- the blending amount in the mixed powder is preferably 0.3 to 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the iron-based powder, graphite powder, Cu powder and powder for dispersed particles.
- Such a mixed powder is charged into a mold and press-molded to obtain a green compact having a shape substantially equal to a predetermined shape.
- the method for forming the green compact need not be particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a molding press or the like.
- the molded green compact is then sintered to obtain an iron-based sintered body having a predetermined shape. It is preferable to adjust the sintering conditions so that the porosity is 15 to 50% in terms of volume ratio.
- Sintering is preferably performed at a sintering temperature of 1000 to 1200 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere or a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- the iron-base sintered body for wear-resistant rings obtained in this way is attached to a corresponding part of a mold for forming an aluminum alloy member, molten aluminum alloy is injected into the mold, and high pressure die casting or molten forging is performed. And it is preferable to set it as the composite for wear-resistant rings (aluminum alloy member) which cast the iron-based sintered body for wear-resistant rings.
- the aluminum alloy injected into the composite by high pressure die casting or the like any conventional aluminum alloy such as AC8A or ADC12 can be applied. Moreover, there is no problem even if a hypereutectic Si-based aluminum alloy such as AC9A is applied.
- the composite for wear-resistant ring thus obtained was impregnated with aluminum alloy in the pores, and in the matrix, the free Cu phase or further dispersed particles were dispersed, and the thermal conductivity was 40 W / m / Above K, the crushing strength is 300 MPa or more, and it is a composite for wear-resistant rings with excellent thermal conductivity, excellent heat sinkability, and improved high-temperature wear resistance. Further, the obtained wear-resistant ring composite has an average linear expansion coefficient of 13.6 to 16.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K from room temperature to 300 ° C., and the boundary strength ⁇ with the aluminum alloy is aluminum.
- Peeled Ni-resist cast iron is cast into an aluminum alloy, and it has a high joint strength that is 1.5 times the boundary strength ⁇ E with the aluminum alloy of the composite. Peeling during production and peeling during production It becomes a complex that can be prevented. Note that the boundary strength ⁇ E of the composite formed by casting the aluminum resist-treated Ni-resist cast iron in an aluminum alloy is usually about 30 MPa.
- Pure iron powder adjusted to a particle size distribution that passes through a 60-mesh sieve and does not pass through a 350-mesh sieve as an iron-based powder is mixed with Cu powder, graphite powder, or powder for dispersed particles of the type shown in Table 1.
- the blending amount (mass%) shown in Table 1 was further blended, and the lubricant particle powder was blended in the blending amount (parts by mass) shown in Table 1 and mixed with a mixer to obtain a mixed powder.
- the average particle size of the graphite powder, Cu powder, and dispersed particle powder was 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the obtained mixed powder was charged into a mold and formed into a ring-shaped compact (outer diameter 90 mm ⁇ ⁇ inner diameter 60 mm ⁇ ⁇ thickness 5 mm) with a molding press.
- the obtained green compact was subjected to a sintering treatment to obtain an iron-based sintered body for wear-resistant rings.
- the sintering process was performed at a temperature in the range of 1000 to 1200 ° C. in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the structure is obtained by collecting a specimen for observing the structure from the iron-based sintered body, polishing the cross section in the press direction, corroding (corrosion solution: nital solution), identifying the base phase structure, and free Cu using an optical microscope. The presence or absence of phase and dispersed particles was observed. Furthermore, the amount of free Cu phase and dispersed particles was measured. The area ratio of the free Cu phase and dispersed particles was measured by surface analysis using EPMA, and converted into the area ratio relative to the entire base phase to obtain the amount of dispersion. In addition, about the dispersion
- the iron-based sintered bodies used in the examples of the present invention each have a composition containing C: 0.4 to 1.5% and Cu: 20 to 40%, and a pearlite matrix, in which a free Cu phase or further dispersed particles are dispersed. It is a sintered body having such a structure and having continuous pores with a porosity of 15 to 50%.
- C and / or Cu is out of the scope of the present invention
- the base is a pearlite base containing ferrite or cementite
- the free Cu phase is not dispersed in the base, or the porosity is the present invention.
- It is a sintered body that is out of the range is not a continuous pore, or the dispersed particles are out of the range of the present invention.
- the description of the amounts of Mo and Si is omitted in the column of chemical components of the sintered body. Yes. It goes without saying that the sintered body contains an amount of Mo or Si that matches the amount of dispersed particles.
- the obtained iron-base sintered body for wear-resistant rings is mounted at a predetermined position of a mold for forming an aluminum alloy member, and aluminum alloy (JIS AC8A composition) molten metal is die-cast into the mold.
- the iron-based sintered body for wear-resistant rings was cast into a composite for wear-resistant rings. Those having a low porosity could not be sufficiently impregnated with an aluminum alloy and could not be made into a composite.
- Test pieces were collected from the obtained composite for wear-resistant rings, and measured for thermal conductivity, linear expansion, crushing strength, and boundary strength.
- the test method is as follows. (1) Thermal conductivity measurement From the obtained composite for wear-resistant rings, a test piece for thermal conductivity measurement (size: 10mm ⁇ x 3mm thickness) is sampled and measured for thermal conductivity at room temperature by laser flash method. did. (2) Linear expansion measurement A linear expansion test piece (size: 2mm x 2mm x length 20mm) is taken from the obtained composite for wear-resistant ring and measured for linear expansion at room temperature to 300 ° C using a linear expansion measuring device. The average linear expansion coefficient between room temperature and 300 ° C. was determined.
- the boundary strength ⁇ was evaluated by the ratio (boundary strength ratio), ⁇ / ⁇ E , to the boundary strength ⁇ E when an aluminum plating-treated (alphine-treated) Ni-resist cast iron wear ring was cast with an aluminum alloy. Note that ⁇ E was 30 MPa.
- the thermal conductivity of the example of the present invention is improved by about 2.0 times or more compared with the conventional Niresist cast iron wear-resistant ring (the thermal conductivity of the Niresist cast iron material is approximately 20 W / m / K).
- the present invention example is a composite in which a linear expansion coefficient is in the range of 13.6 to 16.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K, the boundary strength with aluminum alloy (bonding strength) is high, and the cast ring is made of a Niresist cast iron wear ring. It is an excellent wear-resistant ring composite that is 1.5 times the boundary strength (bonding strength) with the aluminum alloy.
- the comparative example out of the scope of the present invention is that the crushing strength does not satisfy a desired value, the thermal conductivity is lower than a predetermined value, the thermal conductivity is reduced, or the boundary with the aluminum alloy Whether the strength is less than 1.5 times the boundary strength when the Niresist cast iron wear ring is cast in an aluminum alloy, or the linear expansion coefficient is less than 13.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K.
- the composite does not have the desired characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
(1)耐摩環用鉄基焼結体をアルミニウム合金で鋳包んでなる耐摩環用複合体であって、前記耐摩環用鉄基焼結体が、質量%で、C:0.4~1.5%、Cu:20~40%を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成と、体積率で空孔率:15~50%で、空孔が連続して存在し、基地がパーライトであり、該基地中に遊離Cu相が分散した組織とを有する鉄基焼結体であり、前記空孔内にはアルミニウム合金が含浸し、熱伝導率が40W/m/K以上で、圧環強さが300MPa以上であることを特徴とする熱伝導性に優れた耐摩環用複合体。
(2)(1)において、前記熱伝導率、前記圧環強さに加えて、室温から300℃までの平均線膨張率が13.6~16.9×10-6/Kであり、前記アルミニウム合金との境界強度が、アルミニウムめっき処理を施したニレジスト鋳鉄をアルミニウム合金に鋳包んでなる複合体のアルミニウム合金との境界強度の1.5倍以上であることを特徴とする耐摩環用複合体。
(3)(1)または(2)において、前記耐摩環用鉄基焼結体の前記組織を、前記基地中に前記遊離Cu相に加えてさらに、MoまたはSiを含む分散粒子が合計で2質量%以下分散した組織とすることを特徴とする耐摩環用複合体。
(4)耐摩環用鉄基焼結体を、鋳型の所定の部位に装着し、該鋳型にアルミニウム合金溶湯を注入して、前記耐摩環用鉄基焼結体を鋳包み耐摩環用複合体とする、耐摩環用複合体の製造方法であって、鉄基粉末に、鉄基粉末と黒鉛粉末とCu粉末と分散粒子用粉末との合計量に対する質量%で、Cu粉末を20~40%と、黒鉛粉末を0.4~1.5%と、あるいはさらに分散粒子用粉末を2.0%以下と、さらに潤滑剤粉末を、鉄基粉末と黒鉛粉末とCu粉末と分散粒子用粉末との合計量:100質量部に対する質量部で0.3~3.0質量部と、を配合し混合、混錬して混合粉とし、さらに該混合粉を金型に装入し、加圧成形して所定形状に略等しい圧粉体としたのち、ついで該圧粉体を焼結して、質量%で、C:0.4~1.5%、Cu:20~40%を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成と、体積率で空孔率:15~50%で、空孔が連続して存在し、基地がパーライトであり、該基地中に遊離Cu相、あるいはさらに質量%で2%以下の分散粒子が分散した組織とを有する、所定形状の鉄基焼結体とし、該鉄基焼結体を前記摩環用鉄基焼結体として用いて、前記耐摩環用複合体を、空孔内にはアルミニウム合金が含浸し、熱伝導率が40W/m/K以上で、圧環強さが300MPa以上である複合体とすることを特徴とする耐摩環用複合体の製造方法。
(5)(4)において、前記鉄基粉末が、60メッシュの篩を通過し、350メッシュの篩を通過しない粒度分布を有することを特徴とする耐摩環用複合体の製造方法。
(6)(4)または(5)において、前記鉄基粉末とCu粉末に代えて、Fe-Cu合金粉とすることを特徴とする耐摩環用複合体の製造方法。
(7)(4)ないし(6)のいずれかにおいて、前記焼結が、焼結温度:1000~1200℃で行う処理とすることを特徴とする耐摩環用複合体の製造方法。
(8)(4)ないし(7)のいずれかにおいて、前記耐摩環用複合体は、さらに室温から300℃までの平均線膨張率が13.6~16.9×10-6/Kであり、前記アルミニウム合金との境界強度が、アルミニウムめっき処理を施したニレジスト鋳鉄をアルミニウム合金に鋳包んでなる複合体のアルミニウム合金との境界強度の1.5倍以上であることを特徴とする耐摩環用複合体の製造方法。
(9)(4)ないし(8)のいずれかにおいて、前記分散粒子が、MoまたはSiを含む分散粒子であることを特徴とする耐摩環用複合体の製造方法。
Cは、焼結体の強度、硬さを増加させる元素であり、本発明では所望の強度確保および基地を切削性(被削性)に富み、熱伝導性の良好なパーライト組織とするために0.4%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、1.5%を超える含有は、炭化物が粗大化し、かえって切削性(被削性)、熱伝導性、強度が低下する。このため、Cは0.4~1.5%の範囲に限定した。
Cuは、固溶して焼結体の強度を増加させるとともに、遊離Cu相として基地相中および空孔内に分散し、アルミニウム合金で鋳包まれる際に、アルミニウム合金と反応して鉄基焼結体とアルミニウム合金(アルミニウム合金製部材)との接合強度(境界強度)を増加させる。Cu含有量が20%未満では、熱伝導率を40W/m/K以上とすることができなくなる。一方、40%を超えて多量に含有すると、複合体の強度等の機械的特性が低下する。このため、Cuは20~40%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは25~35%である。
上記した成分以外の残部は、Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる。
本発明で使用する耐摩環用鉄基焼結体の基地は、パーライトとする。
フェライト、マルテンサイト等の基地組織のなかで、パーライト基地は、切削性が良好でかつ熱伝導率が高い。このため、本発明では鉄基焼結体の基地をパーライトに限定した。
遊離Cu相は、複合体製造時に空孔内に含浸するアルミニウム合金と反応して、アルミニウム合金と鉄基焼結体とを強固に接合させる作用を有する。本発明範囲のCu含有量であれば接合強度(境界強度)が増加し、熱伝導性も向上する傾向を示す。なお、遊離Cu相の分散量は、鉄基焼結体のCu含有量、あるいはさらに含まれる合金元素量に依存して決まるため、とくに限定する必要はない。本発明で使用する鉄基焼結体の組成範囲では、固溶限以上のCuを含有しており、Cuは遊離Cu相として多く分散される。
また、Mo、Siはいずれも、Feより熱伝導率が高い傾向を示し、熱伝導率の向上に寄与する元素であり、MoまたはSiを含む分散粒子を、とくに熱伝導率の向上のために分散させる。
空孔率が、15%未満では、アルミニウム合金で鉄基焼結体を鋳包むとき、あるいはアルミニウム合金を含浸させるときに、アルミニウム合金の溶湯が空孔内に十分に含浸せず、接合強度が低下する。一方、50%を超えると、空孔が多すぎて強度が低下しすぎて、部材強度の低下を招く。このため、使用する鉄基焼結体の空孔率は体積率で15~50%の範囲に限定した。なお、好ましくは25~35%である。
ここで言う「空孔率」は、全空孔率であり、アルキメデス法で測定した密度から換算して求めるものとする。
鉄粉(鉄基粉末)と、Cu粉末と黒鉛粉末とあるいはさらに分散粒子用粉末と、潤滑剤粉末と、を混合して混合粉としたのち、該混合粉を成形して耐摩環用として所定形状の圧粉体とする。そして、得られた圧粉体を焼結して耐摩環用鉄基焼結体とする。なお、鉄粉(鉄基粉末)とCu粉とに代えて、Fe-Cu合金粉としてもよい。なお、Fe-Cu合金粉は、鉄粉の周囲にCuを部分的に合金化した粉末を含んでもよい。
なお、Cu粉あるいはFe-Cu合金粉の配合量は、鉄基焼結体のCu含有量(20~40質量%)となるように、調整することは言うまでもない。
なお、焼結は、焼結温度:1000~1200℃で、不活性ガス雰囲気、あるいは非酸化性雰囲気中等で行うことが好ましい。
なお、高圧ダイキャスト等で複合体に注入するアルミニウム合金は、例えばAC8A、ADC12等の常用のアルミニウム合金がいずれも適用できる。また、AC9A等の過共晶Si系アルミニウム合金を適用してもなんら問題はない。
連続した空孔量の比率(={(連続した空孔量)/(全空孔量)}×100%)
で定義される値を算出し、50超える場合を「連続した空孔」であると評価した。ここで全空孔量は、アルキメデス法で得た密度から換算した。
(1)熱伝導率測定
得られた耐摩環用複合体から、熱伝導率測定用試験片(大きさ:10mmφ×厚さ3mm)を採取し、レーザーフラッシュ法で、室温における熱伝導率を測定した。
(2)線膨張測定
得られた耐摩環用複合体から、線膨張試験片(大きさ:2mm×2mm×長さ20mm)採取し、線膨張測定装置により室温~300℃における線膨張を測定し、室温~300℃の間の平均線膨張係数を求めた。
(3)圧環強さ測定
得られた耐摩環用複合体から圧環強さ測定用試験片(外径85mmφ×内径65mmφ×厚さ4mm)を採取し、JIS Z 2507の規定に準拠して圧環強さ試験を実施して、複合体の圧環強さを測定した。
(4)境界強度(接合強度)測定
得られた耐摩環用複合体から、アルミニウム合金と複合体の接合境界を含む引張試験片(大きさ:8mm×3mm×長さ10mm)を採取し、引張試験を実施し、境界強度(接合強度)σを求めた。なお、引張試験片の採取方向は、試験片の軸に対し垂直に境界面を含む方向とした。なお、境界強度σは、アルミめっき処理(アルフィン処理)したニレジスト鋳鉄製耐摩環をアルミニウム合金で鋳包んだ場合の境界強度σEに対する比(境界強度比)、σ/σE、で評価した。なお、σEは30MPaであった。
Claims (3)
- 耐摩環用鉄基焼結体をアルミニウム合金で鋳包んでなる耐摩環用複合体であって、
前記耐摩環用鉄基焼結体が、質量%で、C:0.4~1.5%、Cu:20~40%を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成と、
体積率で空孔率:15~50%で、空孔が連続して存在し、基地がパーライトであり、該基地中に遊離Cu相が分散した組織とを有する鉄基焼結体であり、
前記空孔内にはアルミニウム合金が含浸し、
熱伝導率が40W/m/K以上で、圧環強さが300MPa以上であることを特徴とする熱伝導性に優れた耐摩環用複合体。 - 前記熱伝導率、前記圧環強度に加えて、室温から300℃までの平均線膨張率が13.6~16.9×10-6/Kであり、前記アルミニウム合金との境界強度が、アルミニウムめっき処理を施したニレジスト鋳鉄をアルミニウム合金に鋳包んでなる複合体のアルミニウム合金との境界強度の1.5倍以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の耐摩環用複合体。
- 前記耐摩環用鉄基焼結体の前記組織を、前記基地中に前記遊離Cu相に加えてさらに、MoまたはSiを含む分散粒子が合計で2質量%以下分散した組織とすることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の耐摩環用複合体。
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