CN109006253B - Method suitable for mechanical punching and field planting of pepper seedlings in clay loam in Guizhou area - Google Patents
Method suitable for mechanical punching and field planting of pepper seedlings in clay loam in Guizhou area Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006253B CN109006253B CN201810957886.7A CN201810957886A CN109006253B CN 109006253 B CN109006253 B CN 109006253B CN 201810957886 A CN201810957886 A CN 201810957886A CN 109006253 B CN109006253 B CN 109006253B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method suitable for mechanical punching and field planting of pepper seedlings in clay loam in Guizhou areas, which comprises the following steps: (1) land reclamation; (2) mechanically punching and fixedly planting the peppers: from the end of the last ten days to the beginning of the middle ten days of 4 months, after late spring coldness is just finished, the temperature is raised for the first time, a diesel engine rotary puncher is used for punching a planting hole, the planting hole is an inverted conical hole with the hole depth of 10-12cm and the upper caliber of 6-8cm, a floating cultivation robust seedling with the seedling height of 10-12cm and semi-hardened stem is pulled out is thrown into the planting hole, the soil around the pepper seedling in the planting hole is stirred slightly, the soil is just covered to the root and stem below the cotyledon of the seedling, and 80-100ml of rooting water for preventing underground pests is poured; (3) sealing the planting opening: and (5) fixing seedlings with soil 12 days after field planting, filling the periphery of pepper seedlings and sealing film openings. The method of the invention is suitable for the characteristics of Guizhou geology and climate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pepper planting, and particularly relates to a method suitable for mechanically punching and planting pepper seedlings in clay loam in Guizhou areas.
Background
Guizhou is the biggest hot pepper production area in China, and the traditional planting technology of hot pepper seedlings is mainly to use a small shovel or a bamboo chip to dig planting pits and then place the seedlings for planting, which wastes labor and time. The hand (foot) pressure mechanical puncher or the electric puncher applied to the flue-cured tobacco production is popularized in the existing production, but the problem of deficiency is found. The Guizhou pepper planting area is basically soil with heavy viscosity, the soil with the planting holes is easy to harden by mechanically punching with hands (feet) or punching with a drill point on an electric smooth surface, the planting period of the Guizhou pepper is about or in the middle ten days of 5 months, at the moment, the Guizhou climate is mostly seasonal heavy rain, medium rain and continuous sunny days in alternation, the pepper is planted by mechanically punching with hands (feet) or punching with a drill point on an electric smooth surface, the fixed planting holes are prone to water accumulation after rain and are easy to cause diseases when pepper seedlings meet continuous sunny days, and the survival rate of the pepper is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to provide a pepper punching and planting method suitable for geological and climatic characteristics of Guizhou.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method suitable for mechanical punching and field planting of pepper seedlings in clay loam in Guizhou areas comprises the following steps:
(1) land reclamation: in the beginning of 2-4 months, the land is rotary-tilled and leveled, the fertilizer is applied and ridged, and a black plastic film is covered in time after the ridge is drenched with water;
(2) mechanically punching and fixedly planting the peppers: from the end of the last ten days to the beginning of the middle ten days of 4 months, after late spring coldness is just finished, the temperature is raised for the first time, a diesel engine rotary puncher is used for punching a planting hole, the planting hole is an inverted conical hole with the hole depth of 10-12cm and the upper caliber of 6-8cm, a floating cultivated robust seedling with the seedling height of 10-12cm and semi-hardened stem is pulled out is thrown into the planting hole, the soil around the capsicum seedling in the planting hole is slightly stirred, the soil is just covered to the root and stem position below the cotyledon of the seedling, and 80-100ml of root fixing water for preventing underground pests (the underground pest pesticide mainly selects high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticides for local main underground pests) is poured;
(3) sealing the planting opening: and (5) fixing seedlings with soil 12 days after field planting, filling the periphery of pepper seedlings and sealing film openings.
Further, in the rooting water, the mass content of N is 0.1%, and the mass content of rooting powder is 0.02%.
Further, aiming at the climate characteristics of Guizhou, by improving the floating seedling raising technology of the hot pepper, seedlings suitable for mechanical punching and field planting of clay loam can be provided after late spring coldness is ended in the last or middle of 4 months.
The strong seedlings cultured in a floating way are cultured by the following method:
(1) in late ten days of 2 months, putting the floating tray filled with the seedling culture substrate and sowed with seeds into a floating pool filled with the seedling culture solution in a seedling culture greenhouse; the liquid depth of the seedling culture solution is 3-4cm, the mass content of total nutrients of the seedling culture solution is 0.04%, and the ratio of N to P in the total nutrients is2O5︰K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 1;
(2) after the pepper seedlings come out of the soil and the first true leaves are fully unfolded, draining water in a pool and hardening the seedlings until the true leaves are withered, and adding a seedling culture solution into a floating pool; the liquid depth of the seedling culture solution is 3-4cm, the mass content of total nutrients of the seedling culture solution is 0.08%, and the ratio of N to P in the total nutrients is2O5︰K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 1;
(3) after 6-8 days, draining water and hardening seedlings, rehydrating the seedlings when the seedlings wither, draining water and hardening the seedlings after the pepper seedlings absorb water and recover tree vigor, and hardening the seedlings repeatedly for 2-3 times until stems of the pepper seedlings become hard and semi-lignified;
(4) draining the pond water when late spring coldness is reached at the end of 4 months, adding seedling culture solution into the floating pond 1 day before planned seedling taking and field planting, wherein the liquid depth of the seedling culture solution is 3cm, the mass content of the total nutrients of the seedling culture solution is 0.06 percent, and the ratio of N to P in the total nutrients is2O5︰K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 1.
Further, when the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse is less than or equal to 12 ℃, a small arched greenhouse is added for heat preservation; uncovering the greenhouse film after the temperature in the greenhouse is more than or equal to 20 ℃ in sunny days; the temperature in the shed is more than or equal to 30 ℃, and a ventilation fan is started to ventilate and cool.
1. Because the Guizhou geological characteristics are mostly clay loam, the manual hole pressing or common mechanical puncher is adopted, which is not only labor-consuming, but also easily causes soil hardening in the planting hole.
2. Combining the climate characteristics of Guizhou, the planting time is drilled and planted just after the late ten days of 4 months or early late spring coldness, and high temperature is not generally encountered after planting and seedling revival.
3. The depth and the caliber of the planting hole can not be increased, the effective planting of the main trunk of the pepper tree or the robustness of later-stage lateral branches can be influenced by the deep planting of the cohesive soil, and the vertical growth of pepper seedlings before the planting opening is sealed can be influenced by the large caliber.
4. After the pepper seedlings are placed in the planting holes, the soil around the pepper seedlings in the holes is stirred by fingers or bamboo chips lightly, so that the soil just covers rhizomes below cotyledons of the seedlings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the planting period avoids the influence of high temperature on the survival of the planted seedlings.
2. The clay loam is selected from a diesel engine rotary puncher, so that labor is saved, and the wall hardening of the planting hole is prevented.
3. The small-mouth field planting can prevent lodging during the early stage of seedling transplantation.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Land reclamation: in the beginning of 2-4 months, the land is rotary-tilled and leveled, the fertilizer is applied and ridged, and a black plastic film is covered in time after the ridge is drenched with water;
(2) mechanically punching and fixedly planting the peppers: from the end of the last ten days to the beginning of the middle ten days of 4 months, after late spring coldness is over, the temperature rises for the first time, a diesel engine three-edge twist type rotary puncher is used for punching a planting hole which is an inverted cone-shaped hole with the hole depth of 10-12cm and the upper caliber of 6-8cm, a floating cultivation robust seedling with the seedling height of 10-12cm and semi-hardened stem is pulled out is put into the planting hole, the soil around the capsicum seedling in the planting hole is stirred slightly, the soil is just covered on the root and stem under the seed leaf of the seedling, and 80-100ml of root fixing water for preventing underground pests (the underground pest pesticide mainly selects high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide) is poured into the root and stem of the seedling, wherein in the embodiment, the preferable mass content of N in the root fixing water is 0.1%, and the mass content of root powder is 0.02%)
(3) Sealing the planting opening: and (5) fixing seedlings with soil 12 days after field planting, filling the periphery of pepper seedlings and sealing film openings.
The strong seedlings cultured in a floating way are cultured by the following method:
(1) in late ten days of 2 months, putting the floating tray filled with the seedling culture substrate and sowed with seeds into a floating pool filled with the seedling culture solution in a seedling culture greenhouse; the liquid depth of the seedling culture solution is 3-4cm, the mass content of total nutrients of the seedling culture solution is 0.04%, and the ratio of N to P in the total nutrients is2O5︰K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 1;
(2) after the pepper seedlings come out of the soil and the first true leaves are fully unfolded, draining water in a pool and hardening the seedlings until the true leaves are withered, and adding a seedling culture solution into a floating pool; the liquid depth of the seedling culture solution is 3-4cm, the mass content of total nutrients of the seedling culture solution is 0.08%, and the ratio of N to P in the total nutrients is2O5︰K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 1;
(3) after 6-8 days, draining water and hardening seedlings, rehydrating the seedlings when the seedlings wither, draining water and hardening the seedlings after the pepper seedlings absorb water and recover tree vigor, and hardening the seedlings repeatedly for 2-3 times until stems of the pepper seedlings become hard and semi-lignified;
(4) draining the pond water when late spring coldness is reached at the end of 4 months, adding seedling culture solution into the floating pond 1 day before planned seedling taking and field planting, wherein the liquid depth of the seedling culture solution is 3cm, the mass content of the total nutrients of the seedling culture solution is 0.06 percent, and the ratio of N to P in the total nutrients is2O5︰K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 1.
When the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse is less than or equal to 12 ℃, adding a small arched greenhouse for heat preservation; uncovering the greenhouse film after the temperature in the greenhouse is more than or equal to 20 ℃ in sunny days; the temperature in the shed is more than or equal to 30 ℃, and a ventilation fan is started to ventilate and cool.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical idea of the present application, several changes and modifications can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (1)
1. The method for mechanically punching and planting pepper seedlings in clay loam in Guizhou areas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) land reclamation: in the beginning of 2-4 months, the land is rotary-tilled and leveled, the fertilizer is applied and ridged, and a black plastic film is covered in time after the ridge is drenched with water;
(2) mechanically punching and fixedly planting the peppers: from the end of the last ten days to the beginning of the middle ten days of 4 months, after late spring coldness is just finished, the temperature is raised for the first time, a diesel engine rotary puncher drills a planting hole, the planting hole is an inverted conical hole with the hole depth of 10-12cm and the upper caliber of 6-8cm, a floating cultivation robust seedling with the seedling height of 10-12cm and semi-hardened stem is pulled out is thrown into the planting hole, soil around the pepper seedling in the planting hole is stirred slightly, the soil is just covered to the root and stem under the seed leaf of the seedling, and 80-100ml of root fixing water for preventing underground pests is poured, wherein the mass content of N in the root fixing water is 0.1%, and the mass content of the root fixing water is 0.02%;
the strong seedlings cultured in a floating way are cultured by the following method:
(a) in late ten days of 2 months, putting the floating tray filled with the seedling culture substrate and sowed with seeds into a floating pool filled with the seedling culture solution in a seedling culture greenhouse; the liquid depth of the seedling culture solution is 3-4cm, the mass content of total nutrients of the seedling culture solution is 0.04%, and the ratio of N to P in the total nutrients is2O5︰K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 1;
(b) after the pepper seedlings come out of the soil and the first true leaves are fully unfolded, draining water in a pool and hardening the seedlings until the true leaves are withered, and adding a seedling culture solution into a floating pool; the liquid depth of the seedling culture solution is 3-4cm, the mass content of total nutrients of the seedling culture solution is 0.08%, and the ratio of N to P in the total nutrients is2O5︰K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 1;
(c) after 6-8 days, draining water and hardening seedlings, rehydrating the seedlings when the seedlings wither, draining water and hardening the seedlings after the pepper seedlings absorb water and recover tree vigor, and hardening the seedlings repeatedly for 2-3 times until stems of the pepper seedlings become hard and semi-lignified;
(d) draining the pond water when late spring coldness is reached at the end of last ten days of 4 months, adding seedling culture solution into the floating pond 1 day before planned seedling taking and field planting, wherein the liquid depth of the seedling culture solution is 3cm, and the mass content of the total nutrients of the seedling culture solution is 0.06 percentN: P in total nutrient2O5︰K2The mass ratio of O is 1: 1;
in the whole cultivation process, when the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse is less than or equal to 12 ℃, a small arched greenhouse is added for heat preservation; uncovering the greenhouse film after the temperature in the greenhouse is more than or equal to 20 ℃ in sunny days; the temperature in the greenhouse is more than or equal to 30 ℃, and a ventilation fan is started to ventilate and cool;
(3) sealing the planting opening: and (5) fixing seedlings with soil 12 days after field planting, filling the periphery of pepper seedlings and sealing film openings.
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| CN201810957886.7A CN109006253B (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2018-08-22 | Method suitable for mechanical punching and field planting of pepper seedlings in clay loam in Guizhou area |
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| CN201810957886.7A CN109006253B (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2018-08-22 | Method suitable for mechanical punching and field planting of pepper seedlings in clay loam in Guizhou area |
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| CN109006253B true CN109006253B (en) | 2020-08-21 |
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| CN111837831A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-10-30 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Lodging-resistant drought-tolerant transplanting planting method for peppers |
| CN111670765A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-18 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Drought-resisting concave high-yield cultivation method for peppers in dry regions |
Citations (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1973603A (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2007-06-06 | 云南农业大学 | Water chili transplanting technique without seedling revival |
| CN103493664A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-08 | 贵州省辣椒研究所 | Simplified cultivating method for dry-cure pepper |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1973603A (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2007-06-06 | 云南农业大学 | Water chili transplanting technique without seedling revival |
| CN103493664A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-08 | 贵州省辣椒研究所 | Simplified cultivating method for dry-cure pepper |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 田浩等.遵义市辣椒基地技术管理规范.《辣椒杂志》.2017, * |
| 辣椒漂浮育苗技术;佘文惠等;《农技服务》;20131115(第11期);第1205、1208页 * |
| 遵义市辣椒基地技术管理规范;田浩等;《辣椒杂志》;20170620;第18-21页 * |
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