CN111670765A - Drought-resisting concave high-yield cultivation method for peppers in dry regions - Google Patents

Drought-resisting concave high-yield cultivation method for peppers in dry regions Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111670765A
CN111670765A CN202010624740.8A CN202010624740A CN111670765A CN 111670765 A CN111670765 A CN 111670765A CN 202010624740 A CN202010624740 A CN 202010624740A CN 111670765 A CN111670765 A CN 111670765A
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China
Prior art keywords
drought
peppers
planting
cultivation method
fertilizer
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CN202010624740.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
严希
杨红
王家丽
梅映雪
刘建梅
梁郸娜
罗仁发
刘崇政
赖卫
姜虹
林娜
杨建立
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agricultural And Rural Bureau Of Meitan County
Agriculture And Rural Bureau Of Suiyang County
Guizhou Institute Of Crop Variety Resources Guizhou Institute Of Modern Chinese Medicine
Guizhou Silkworm Leaf Research Institute (guizhou Institute Of Capsicum)
Original Assignee
Agricultural And Rural Bureau Of Meitan County
Agriculture And Rural Bureau Of Suiyang County
Guizhou Institute Of Crop Variety Resources Guizhou Institute Of Modern Chinese Medicine
Guizhou Silkworm Leaf Research Institute (guizhou Institute Of Capsicum)
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Application filed by Agricultural And Rural Bureau Of Meitan County, Agriculture And Rural Bureau Of Suiyang County, Guizhou Institute Of Crop Variety Resources Guizhou Institute Of Modern Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Silkworm Leaf Research Institute (guizhou Institute Of Capsicum) filed Critical Agricultural And Rural Bureau Of Meitan County
Priority to CN202010624740.8A priority Critical patent/CN111670765A/en
Publication of CN111670765A publication Critical patent/CN111670765A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper cultivation, and discloses a drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for peppers in a drought region, which comprises the following steps: land preparation: deeply ploughing for 30cm, and leveling the soil surface; the carriage is opened on the ground, the connecting carriage is provided with a groove of 1.2-1.4cm, and the width of the carriage surface is 70 cm; digging concave planting pits in single-carriage double-row in 50-70cm through a ditch or an agricultural operation way; after the rain is drenched, uniformly spreading the ternary compound fertilizer around the pit, and immediately taking 90cm of mulching film to cover the compartment surface of the planted seedlings; shoveling 1-2 kilograms of soil on the pit of the film by a pointed shovel for planting; transplanting: planting pepper seedlings in pits, watering sufficient root fixing water which is a mixed solution of the cutworm and one thousandth of nitrogen fertilizer, and immediately covering the planting holes after the root fixing water is watered. The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for the peppers in the dry area, provided by the invention, can increase the water content of the soil under the mulching film of the planting compartment, reduce the water loss of the soil, improve the transplanting survival rate of seedlings and the tolerance to short-and-medium-term drought after survival, and simultaneously has the effects of promoting the growth of the peppers and improving the yield of the peppers.

Description

Drought-resisting concave high-yield cultivation method for peppers in dry regions
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pepper cultivation, and particularly relates to a drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for peppers in a dry area.
Background
During the field planting process of the peppers, the roots are thin and weak, the degree of cork is high, and the fibrous roots absorbing water and fertilizer are distributed shallowly and slightly in the soil, so that the influence of the moisture content of the soil of a field plough layer on the growth of the peppers is determined, and the peppers are particularly suitable for fields with good water drainage and no water accumulation and farmlands with certain gradients. If the pepper is dry in the planting period, the physiology of the pepper is easily damaged greatly, so that the pepper yield is seriously influenced, and the severe condition causes the water loss and withering of plants, so that the yield is reduced and even the pepper yield is over-determined, thereby being an important problem to be solved urgently in the pepper production.
In the prior art, existing drought-resistant cultivation techniques of peppers are disclosed, such as the technical specification of drought-resistant cultivation of Guizhou peppers with the Guizhou province local standard DB52T960-2014, the method and the structure of water-saving and soil moisture conservation of karst slope cultivated land with the patent application publication number CN110731239A, the technical specification of drought-resistant and barren-resistant cultivation of Guizhou peppers in the published papers of Yangtze river vegetables, and the like.
Although the existing drought-resistant cultivation technology of the peppers seems to increase the drought resistance of the peppers in the field, the existing technology adopts a ridging and furrowed drought-resistant cultivation mode, the peppers are planted on furrows and ridging compartment surfaces in the farmland with good water drainage and no water accumulation and certain gradient and in the regions with seasonal drought, the water and fertilizer in the planting compartment surface soil are quickly infiltrated and lost, and the influence on the normal growth of the peppers in the seasonal drought period is also large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for hot peppers in a dry area.
The invention is realized in such a way that a drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for the peppers in the dry area comprises the following steps:
step one, soil preparation: deep ploughing for 30cm, and leveling the soil surface.
In addition, because many factors are affected and systematic errors exist during field operation, the deep ploughing depth is not specifically limited, and the deep ploughing depth is about 30cm, which belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
Secondly, digging boxes on the flat ground, and digging concave planting sockets according to single-box double rows; after the rain is drenched, uniformly spreading the ternary compound fertilizer around the pit, and immediately covering the surface of the planted seedling with a mulching film with the width of 90 cm; and (4) shoveling 1-2 kilograms of soil on the concave planting nest on the film by using a pointed shovel to wait for planting.
Step three, transplanting: the pepper seedlings are transplanted in a pit after the membranes are broken, sufficient root fixing water is poured, the root fixing water is mixed liquid of one thousandth of nitrogen fertilizer, seedling fertilizer is extracted, and the seedling holes are immediately covered after the root fixing water is poured.
Further, in the second step, in the flat land compartment opening, the compartment with the groove is 1.2-1.4cm, the width of the compartment surface is 70cm, and the gap or farm operation way is 50-70 cm.
It should be noted that, because there are many influencing factors and systematic errors during field operation, the width of the compartment surface is not specifically limited, and the compartment surface is within the protection scope of the invention as long as the width of the compartment surface is about 70 cm.
Further, in the second step, the row spacing of the planting of the single-compartment double rows is 40-45cm, and the pit spacing is 35-45 cm.
Furthermore, in the second step, the place where the water source is convenient can be used as a compartment and covered with the mulching film immediately after the fertilizer is applied.
Further, in the second step, the ternary compound fertilizer is N: P obtained in the market2O5:K2And the fertilizing amount per mu of the ternary compound fertilizer is 30-40 kg.
Further, in the third step, the seedling raising fertilizer is not added when the root fixing water is poured, after 7 days of seedling delay, 2.5 kilograms of urea and 15-20 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each mu, the seedling raising fertilizer is applied by the root fixing water, and 2.5 kilograms of urea and 10-15 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer are additionally applied to each mu after 15 days.
And further, in the third step, the transplanting is not ridged, firstly, pits are dug, fertilizer is applied to the periphery of the planting holes, then, the film is paved on the flat ground, the mulching film is paved on the planting holes, then, the soil on the farm operation path is shoveled on the planting holes on the film, so that the planting holes with soil on the concave surface are formed on the surface of the film, and the water on the film is completely collected in the planting holes when raining.
Further, in the third step, topdressing is carried out once again in 45-50 days, 3 kilograms of urea and 20-25 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each mu, and more than two times of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in full-bloom and full-fruit periods, so that aphids, viral diseases and epidemic diseases are prevented.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for the peppers in the dry area, the peppers are planted in the concave planting holes in the flat compartment surface, water on the film is enabled to be completely collected in soil below the planting holes in rainy days, the water content of the soil below the film of the planting compartment surface is increased, the soil water loss speed can be reduced, the matched fertilization management is carried out aiming at different growth periods of the peppers, the transplanting survival rate of pepper seedlings and the tolerance to short-and-medium-term drought after survival can be improved, and meanwhile, the effects of promoting the growth of the peppers and improving the yield of the peppers are achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for capsicum in a dry area according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2-6 are schematic diagrams of a drought-resistant cultivation process of pepper provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The experimental procedures, for which specific experimental conditions are not indicated in the following examples, are generally carried out according to conventional conditions, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturers.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for hot peppers in dry areas, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for capsicum in dry areas provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, soil preparation: deep ploughing for 30cm, and leveling the soil surface.
S102, digging boxes on the flat ground, passing 50-70cm through ditches or farm work operation lanes, and digging concave planting sockets in a single-box double-row mode according to planting row spacing of 40-45cm and socket spacing of 35-45 cm; after the rain is drenched, uniformly spreading the ternary compound fertilizer around the pit, and immediately covering the surface of the planted seedling with a mulching film with the width of 90 cm; and shoveling 1-2 kg of soil on the pit of the film by using a pointed shovel for planting.
S103, transplanting: the pepper seedlings are transplanted in a pit after the membranes are broken, sufficient root fixing water is poured, the root fixing water is mixed liquid of one thousandth of nitrogen fertilizer, seedling fertilizer is extracted, and the seedling holes are immediately covered after the root fixing water is poured.
The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for the peppers in the dry area provided by the invention can be implemented by adopting other steps by persons skilled in the art, and the drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for the peppers in the dry area provided by the invention shown in fig. 1 is only a specific example.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
1. Land preparation: deep ploughing for about 30cm, and leveling the soil surface.
2. The method comprises the following steps of flatly opening a compartment, wherein the compartment is 1.3cm with a ditch, the width of a compartment surface is 70cm, passing the ditch or an agricultural operation channel is 60cm, digging concave planting pits in a single compartment in two rows, planting row spacing on the compartment surface is 45cm, pit spacing is 40cm, uniformly scattering 35 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer around the pits per mu after rain is drenched, immediately taking a mulching film with the width of 90cm to cover the compartment surface for planting seedlings, immediately covering the mulching film in a place with convenient water source, making the compartment and applying the fertilizer, immediately covering the mulching film, shoveling 1-2 kilograms of soil onto the pits on the film by using a sharp shovel, and waiting for planting.
3. Transplanting: the pepper seedlings are transplanted in a pit after the membranes are broken, sufficient root fixing water is poured, the root fixing water is a mixed solution of the cutworm and one thousandth of nitrogen fertilizer, the seedling fertilizer is extracted, and after the root fixing water is poured, soil is immediately used for covering and tightly planting holes. After 15 days, 2.5 kilograms of urea and 10 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer are additionally applied to each mu.
The method is characterized in that the method is not ridging, a pit is dug, fertilizer is applied to the periphery of a planting hole, then film is paved on the ground, a mulching film is paved on the planting hole, soil on a farming operation path is shoveled on the planting hole on the film, the surface of the film forms the planting hole with the soil on the concave surface, and when raining, all water on the film is collected in the planting hole.
And topdressing is carried out once again in 45-50 days, 3 kilograms of urea and 25 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer are additionally applied to each mu, and boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed on leaf surfaces in full-bloom and full-fruit periods more than twice, so that aphids, viral diseases and epidemic diseases are prevented.
The boron fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are commercially available fertilizers, and the invention is not limited.
The drought-resistant cultivation process of the pepper is shown in figures 2-6.
Test example 1
The drought-resistant cultivation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is set as a test example, the drought-resistant cultivation method provided by the local standard of Guizhou province, Guizhou pepper drought-resistant cultivation technical specification is set as a control example, pepper field planting is carried out in 2018, 4 and 30 days, the test place is in a new Pu new area in Zunyi city in Guizhou province, and the test pepper variety is Qian La No. 10. Counting the fruit bearing number of a single pepper plant, the weight of a single pepper, the yield and the seasonal drought period to find that the pepper cannot be naturally recovered the next day after drought so as to be standard to investigate the drought resistance. The statistical results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 statistic table of drought tolerance data of hot pepper
Treatment method Number of fruits per plant Weight of single fruit (g) Yield (kg/mu) Drought period of Yan
Test examples 82 11.4 2393.1 8 month and 17 days
Comparative example 78 11.1 2216.4 8 month and 12 days
According to the results in Table 1, it can be seen that in the influence of seasonal drought in accordance with the rules in Guizhou province, the number of fruits hung on a single pepper plant is increased by 5.13%, the weight of the single fruit is increased by 2.70%, the yield of pepper fruits per unit area is increased by 7.96%, and the withering time of the pepper in the seasonal drought period is delayed by 5 days. Therefore, the drought resistance of the hot pepper can be enhanced and the yield of the hot pepper can be obviously improved by adopting the technology of the invention.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for hot peppers in a dry area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
land preparation: deep ploughing and leveling soil surface;
digging boxes on the flat ground, and digging concave planting pits according to single-box double rows; after the rain is drenched, uniformly spreading a ternary compound fertilizer around the pit, and taking a mulching film to cover the surface of the seedling; shoveling soil on the film on the concave nest by a sharp shovel for planting;
transplanting: planting pepper seedlings in pits, watering sufficient root fixing water, wherein the root fixing water is mixed liquid added with nitrogen fertilizer to extract seedling fertilizer, and immediately covering the root fixing water to tightly fix the planting holes.
2. The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for capsicum annuum in dry land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of deep ploughing in whole land is 30 cm.
3. The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for the peppers in the dry land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the flat land, the compartment is provided with 1.2-1.4cm of a groove, the width of the compartment surface is 70cm, and the channel for passing the groove or the farm work operation is 50-70 cm.
4. The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for the peppers in the dry area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the single-compartment double-row planting is 40-45cm, and the pit spacing is 35-45 cm.
5. The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for the peppers in the dry area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-source-convenient place can be used as a compartment and covered with a mulching film after being fertilized.
6. The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for the peppers in the dry area as claimed in claim 1, wherein after raining, the three-element compound fertilizer is uniformly scattered around the pit, and the land surface of the seedlings is covered tightly by a mulching film with a wide band of 90 cm; and shoveling 1-2 kg of soil on the pit of the film by using a pointed shovel for planting.
7. The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for hot pepper in dry areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein no fertilizer for improving seedling is added when watering for fixing roots, after 7 days for releasing seedlings, 2.5 kg of urea and 15-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu, watering for fixing roots and applying fertilizer for improving seedling, and after 15 days, 2.5 kg of urea and 10-15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu.
8. The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for the peppers in the dry area of claim 1, wherein transplanting: the pepper seedlings are transplanted in a pit after the membranes are broken, sufficient root fixing water is poured, one thousandth of mixed liquid of nitrogen fertilizer is added into the root fixing water, and the planting holes are immediately covered after the fertilizer is applied.
9. The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for hot peppers in dry areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein transplanting is carried out without ridging, pits are dug, fertilizers are applied around the planting holes, then films are laid on the ground, mulching films are laid on the planting holes, then soil on the farm work operation path is shoveled on the planting holes on the films, the planting holes with soil on the concave surfaces are formed on the surfaces of the films, and water on the films is collected in the planting holes when raining.
10. The drought-resistant concave high-yield cultivation method for hot peppers in the dry area as claimed in claim 1, wherein topdressing is performed once again within 45-50 days, 3 kg of urea and 20-25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are topdressed per mu, and boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the hot pepper in full-bloom and full-fruit periods more than twice.
CN202010624740.8A 2020-07-02 2020-07-02 Drought-resisting concave high-yield cultivation method for peppers in dry regions Pending CN111670765A (en)

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