CN108933156B - 柔性显示设备 - Google Patents

柔性显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108933156B
CN108933156B CN201810330337.7A CN201810330337A CN108933156B CN 108933156 B CN108933156 B CN 108933156B CN 201810330337 A CN201810330337 A CN 201810330337A CN 108933156 B CN108933156 B CN 108933156B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
flexible display
display device
thermoplastic polyurethane
protective layer
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CN201810330337.7A
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English (en)
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CN108933156A (zh
Inventor
哈伊克·哈查特岩
具贤祐
金珉圣
金泰雄
朴甫益
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Samsung Display Co Ltd
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Samsung Display Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202311109644.XA priority Critical patent/CN117119837A/zh
Publication of CN108933156A publication Critical patent/CN108933156A/zh
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Abstract

本申请涉及柔性显示设备。柔性显示设备包括柔性衬底、位于柔性衬底上的薄膜晶体管、覆盖薄膜晶体管的钝化膜、以及位于钝化膜上并且电连接至薄膜晶体管的显示元件。钝化膜包括展现剪切增稠现象的材料。

Description

柔性显示设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年5月26日提交至韩国知识产权局的第10-2017-0065632号韩国专利申请的优先权和权益，该韩国专利申请的公开内容通过引用以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明的示例性实施方式的方面涉及柔性显示设备。
背景技术
由于用于可视地展示电信号信息的各种显示设备迅速地发展，已经提出具有期望的特性(诸如，薄、轻质和低功耗)的各种平板显示设备，并且可弯曲或可卷曲柔性显示设备正在被研究和开发。
然而，薄的柔性显示设备可能容易被外部冲击损坏或破坏。为了保护显示设备免受外部冲击，可将具有高强度的塑料片等设置为保护膜。然而，在这样的情况中，显示设备的柔性降低。此外，当显示设备弯曲或卷曲时，保护膜可能破裂或损坏。
发明内容
本发明的示例性实施方式包括柔性且抗冲击的柔性显示设备。
另外的方面将在以下描述中部分地阐述，并且将根据所述描述部分地明显，或者可通过实践所提出的示例性实施方式而被习得。
根据示例性实施方式，柔性显示设备包括：柔性衬底；位于柔性衬底上的薄膜晶体管；覆盖薄膜晶体管的钝化膜；以及位于钝化膜上并且电连接至薄膜晶体管的显示元件。钝化膜包括展现剪切增稠现象的材料。
钝化膜可包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯和含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯中的至少之一。
柔性显示设备还可包括：位于显示元件上的密封构件；以及位于密封构件上的第一保护层。第一保护层可包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯和含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯中的至少之一。
第一保护层可包括第一层和第二层，其中，第一层包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯，第二层包括含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯。
第二层可堆叠在第一层上。
第二层的厚度可大于第一层的厚度。
当对第一保护层施加外部冲击时，第二层可在第一层展现剪切增稠现象之前展现剪切增稠现象。
当对第一保护层施加外部冲击时，第一层的杨氏模量可大于第二层的杨氏模量。
根据另一示例性实施方式，柔性显示设备包括滚筒以及柔性显示面板。柔性显示面板的一端与滚筒联接。柔性显示面板配置为缠绕在滚筒的外周边表面上，并且柔性显示面板包括显示层。显示层包括：薄膜晶体管；电连接至薄膜晶体管的显示元件；以及位于薄膜晶体管和显示元件之间的钝化膜。钝化膜包括展现剪切增稠现象的材料。
钝化膜可包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯和含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯中的至少之一。
柔性显示面板还可包括：密封显示层的密封构件；以及位于密封构件上的第一保护层。
第一保护层可包括展现剪切增稠现象的透明材料。
第一保护层可包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯和含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯中的至少之一。
第一保护层可包括第一层和第二层，以及第一层和第二层可包括彼此不同的热塑性聚氨酯。
第一层可包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯，以及第二层可包括含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯。
第二层可堆叠在第一层上。
第二层的厚度可大于第一层的厚度。
第一保护层可包括膜，并且所述膜可包括弹性聚合物和分散在弹性聚合物中的多个颗粒。
柔性显示面板还可包括柔性衬底以及第二保护层。显示层可位于柔性衬底的上表面上，以及第二保护层可位于柔性衬底的下表面上。
显示元件可包括有机发光二极管。
附图说明
通过结合附图做出的示例性实施方式的以下描述，本发明的这些和/或其他方面将变得明显和更易于理解，在附图中：
图1是根据本公开实施方式的柔性显示设备的配置的平面图；
图2是柔性显示设备的处于联接状态的柔性显示面板和滚筒的沿着图1的线II-II’截取的剖视图；
图3是沿着图1的线I-I'截取的剖视图；
图4是图3的区域A的放大剖视图；
图5是图3的区域B的放大剖视图；
图6A和图6B分别是图5的第一层和第二层的剪切增稠现象的图形；
图7A和图7B分别是图5的第一层和第二层的蠕变曲线和回复曲线的图形；
图8A至图8D是根据图5的第二层的厚度的蠕变曲线和回复曲线的图形；以及
图9是根据另一实施方式的沿着图1的线I-I'截取的剖视图。
具体实施方式
由于本公开允许多种改变和诸多实施方式，所以将在附图中示出并且在所撰写的说明书中详细描述实施方式。当对参照附图描述的实施方式进行参考时，本公开的方面和特征以及实现这些的方法或多种方法将是明显的。然而，这样的本公开能以诸多不同的形式来实现，并且不应解释为局限于本文阐述的实施方式。
将理解，当元件或层被称为在另一元件或层“上”、“连接至”或“联接至”另一元件或层时，它可直接在该另一元件或层上、连接或联接至该另一元件或层，或者还可存在一个或多个中间元件或层。当元件或层被称为“直接在”另一元件或层“上”、“直接地连接至”或“直接地联接至”另一元件或层时，不存在中间的元件或层。例如，当第一元件描述为“联接”或“连接”至第二元件时，第一元件可直接联接或连接至第二元件，或者第一元件可经由一个或多个中间元件间接地联接或连接至第二元件。
将理解，虽然本文可使用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种组件，但是这些组件不应受这些术语限制。这些术语仅用于将一个组件与另一个组件区分开。
如本文所使用的那样，术语“和/或”包括相关所列项目中的一个或多个的任何和全部组合。此外，当描述本发明的实施方式时，“可”的使用涉及“本发明的一个或多个实施方式”。诸如“中的至少之一”的表述在处于一列元件之后时，修饰整列元件而不修饰列中的个别元件。另外，术语“示例性”旨在表示示例或例示。以单数使用的表述涵盖复数的表述，除非它在上下文中具有明显不同含义。
如本文所使用的那样，除非上下文清楚地另行指出，否则单数形式“一”和“一个”旨在也包括复数形式。还将理解，本文使用的术语“包括(includes)”、“包括(including)”、“包括(comprises)”和/或“包括(comprising)”指出所阐述的特征或组件的存在，但是不排除一个或多个其他的特征或组件的存在或添加。
将理解，当层、区域或组件被称为“形成在”另一层、区域或组件“上”时，它可直接地或间接地形成在该另一层、区域或组件上。例如，可存在中间的层、区域或组件。
为了便于说明，附图中的层和组件的尺寸可能被放大。因为为了便于说明随意示出附图中的层和组件的尺寸和厚度，所以以下实施方式不限于此。
当某一个实施方式可不同地来实现时，特定过程顺序可与所描述的顺序不同地被执行。例如，能以大致相同的时间执行两个连续描述的过程，或者以与所描述的顺序相反的顺序执行两个连续描述的过程。
在下文中，将参照附图详细地描述示例性实施方式。相同的附图标记始终用于表示相同的元件。
图1是根据本公开实施方式的柔性显示设备1的配置的平面图，以及图2是柔性显示设备1的处于联接状态的柔性显示面板10和滚筒20的沿着图1的线II-II′截取的剖视图。图1和图2示出可卷曲显示设备作为根据本公开的示例性实施方式的柔性显示设备1的示例，但是本公开不限于此。
参照图1和图2，根据本公开的示例性实施方式，柔性显示设备1可包括滚筒20和柔性显示面板10，该柔性显示面板10在一端处与滚筒20联接并且可缠绕在滚筒20的外周边表面上。
柔性显示面板10可包括设置有显示元件的柔性衬底101以及设置在柔性衬底101的第一表面上的第一保护层110。
柔性显示面板10可分成实现(或显示)图像的显示区AA以及在显示区AA的外部(例如，围绕显示区AA的周边)的非显示区，并且焊盘部分P可设置在非显示区中。焊盘部分P设置在柔性显示面板10的一端处，并且连接至栅极线和数据线以通过栅极线和数据线向显示层200(例如，参见图3)传输扫描信号和数据信号。焊盘部分P不被第一保护层110覆盖(例如，通过第一保护层110暴露)。例如，第一保护层110小于柔性衬底101，并且焊盘部分P位于柔性衬底101的一端E1与第一保护层110的一端A1之间。
柔性显示面板10还包括电连接至焊盘部分P的电路板40，并且电路板40和焊盘部分P可通过具有集成电路32的柔性电路板30连接至彼此。
滚筒20包括在滚筒20的纵向方向(例如，X轴方向)上延伸的插入凹槽22。通过将电路板40插入至插入凹槽22中，柔性显示面板10和滚筒20可与彼此联接。当电路板40插入至插入凹槽22中时，柔性电路板30可从插入凹槽22沿着滚筒20的外表面弯曲或卷曲。其结果是，柔性显示面板10可缠绕在滚筒20的外周边表面上，或者可通过滚筒20在相反方向上的旋转而被释放，并且柔性衬底101的一端E1可以是缠绕起始点。
滚筒20安装在壳体中，并且缠绕在滚筒20的外周边表面上的柔性显示面板10可安全地存储在壳体中。
图3是沿着图1的线I-I'截取的剖视图，以及图4是图3的区域A的放大剖视图。
参照图3和图4，柔性显示面板10可包括形成在柔性衬底101上的显示层200、密封构件300和第一保护层110，其中，密封构件300密封显示层200。此外，柔性显示面板10还可包括位于密封构件300和第一保护层110之间的功能层400。
柔性衬底101具有柔性特性，并且可包括各种合适的材料，例如金属材料或塑性材料，塑性材料例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)和/或聚酰亚胺。在一些情况中，可使用诸如不锈钢(SUS)的薄金属箔。
显示层200可包括薄膜晶体管TFT和显示元件230。例如，显示元件230可以是有机发光二极管(OLED)，但是本公开不限于此。显示元件230可包括各种发光二极管。
缓冲层202可形成在柔性衬底101的第一表面上。例如，缓冲层202可包括无机材料、有机材料或者无机材料和/或有机材料的多种层压件，其中，无机材料例如硅氧化物(SiOx)、硅氮化物(SiN)、硅氮氧化物(SiON)、铝氧化物(Al2O3)、铝氮化物(AlN)、钛氧化物(TiO2)和/或钛氮化物(TiN)，有机材料例如聚酰亚胺、聚酯或丙烯酸。
薄膜晶体管TFT可包括有源层203、栅电极205、源电极207和漏电极208。在下文中，假设薄膜晶体管TFT是有源层203、栅电极205、源电极207和漏电极208相继地形成的顶栅式TFT。然而，本示例性实施方式不限于此，并且薄膜晶体管TFT可具有各种合适的类型，诸如底栅式TFT。
有源层203可包括半导体材料，诸如非晶硅或多晶硅。然而，本示例性实施方式不限于此，并且有源层203可包括各种合适的材料。在一个示例性实施方式中，有源层203可包括有机半导体材料。在另一示例性实施方式中，有源层203可包括氧化物半导体材料。例如，有源层203可包括第12、13和/或14族金属元素(例如锌(Zn)、铟(In)、镓(Ga)、锡(Sn)、镉(Cd)、锗(Ge)及它们的组合)的氧化物。
栅极绝缘膜204可形成在有源层203上。栅极绝缘膜204可包括无机材料，诸如硅氧化物和/或硅氮化物，并且可具有多层结构或者可以是单层。栅极绝缘膜204使有源层203与栅电极205绝缘。
栅电极205可形成在栅极绝缘膜204上。栅电极205可连接至用于向薄膜晶体管TFT施加导通/截止信号的栅极线。栅电极205可包括低电阻金属。例如，栅电极205可包括铝(Al)、铂(Pt)、钯(Pd)、银(Ag)、镁(Mg)、金(Au)、镍(Ni)、钕(Nd)、铱(Ir)、铬(Cr)、锂(Li)、钙(Ca)、钼(Mo)、钛(Ti)、钨(W)和/或铜(Cu)，并且可以是单层或可具有多层结构。
层间绝缘膜206可形成在栅电极205上。层间绝缘膜206使源电极207和漏电极208与栅电极205绝缘。层间绝缘膜206可包括无机材料，并且可以是单层或可具有多层结构。例如，无机材料可以是金属氧化物或金属氮化物，并且例如，无机材料可包括SiOx、SiN、SiON、Al2O3、TiO2、二氧化铪(HfO2)和/或二氧化诰(ZrO2)。
源电极207和漏电极208形成在层间绝缘膜206上。源电极207和漏电极208形成为接触有源层203的区。源电极207和漏电极208可包括Al、Pt、Pd、Ag、Mg、Au、Ni、Nd、Ir、Cr、Li、Ca、Mo、Ti、W和/或Cu，并且可以是单层或可具有多层结构。例如，源电极207和漏电极208可具有Ti/Al/Ti的三层结构。
钝化膜209可形成为覆盖薄膜晶体管TFT。钝化膜209可具有平坦或大致平坦的上表面，并且因此，可防止因由薄膜晶体管TFT造成的台阶部分(或台阶差)而在显示元件230中引起缺陷。
钝化膜209可包括展现出剪切增稠现象(例如，膨胀性)的材料。例如，钝化膜209可包括基于硅的膨胀性材料，例如聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)。如另一示例，钝化膜209可包括含有展现剪切增稠现象的醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯和/或含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯。然而，本公开不限于此，并且钝化膜209可包括展现剪切增稠现象的各种合适的材料。
因为钝化膜209在没有应力施加至其时是柔性的，所以柔性显示设备1(例如，参见图1)可容易弯曲或卷曲。然而，当柔性显示设备1下落时，或者当对柔性显示设备1施加外部冲击时，钝化膜209的强度增加(例如，瞬间增加)。因此，来自例如下落或冲击的应力不传输至位于钝化膜209下方的薄膜晶体管TFT和/或传输至钝化膜209上的显示元件230，或者大致防止所述应力传输至所述薄膜晶体管TFT和所述显示元件230。因此，柔性显示设备1可以是柔性且抗冲击的。
显示元件230位于钝化膜209上。显示元件230可包括第一电极231、面对第一电极231的第二电极232以及插置于第一电极231和第二电极232之间的中间层233。
第一电极231可电连接至源电极207或漏电极208。第一电极231可具有各种合适的形状。
第一电极231可形成在钝化膜209上，并且可通过形成在钝化膜209中的接触开口(例如，接触孔)电连接至薄膜晶体管TFT。第一电极231可以是例如反射电极。例如，第一电极231可具有含有Ag、Mg、Al、Pt、Pd、Au、Ni、Nd、Ir、Cr或它们的化合物的反射膜以及形成在反射膜上的透明电极层。透明电极层可包括铟锡氧化物(ITO)、铟锌氧化物(IZO)、锌氧化物(ZnO)、铟氧化物(In2O3)、铟镓氧化物(IGO)和/或铝锌氧化物(AZO)。
面对第一电极231的第二电极232可具有各种合适的形状。例如，多个第二电极232可被图案化成孤岛形状并且彼此隔离。第二电极232可以是透明电极。第二电极232可包括含有锂(Li)、钙(Ca)、氟化锂/钙(LiF/Ca)、氟化锂/铝(LiF/Al)、Al、Ag、Mg及它们的化合物的具有低逸出功的金属薄膜(或可由这样的金属薄膜形成)。此外，还可在金属薄膜上形成辅助电极层和/或汇流电极，并且辅助电极层和/或汇流电极可包括诸如ITO、IZO、ZnO和/或In2O3的材料。因此，第二电极232可传输从包含在中间层233中的有机发射层发射的光。例如，从有机发射层发射的光可直接朝向第二电极232发射，或者可被包括反射电极的第一电极231朝向第二电极232反射。
然而，根据本示例性实施方式的显示层200不限于顶部发射式显示层，并且在其他实施方式中，可以是通过有机发射层发射的光朝向柔性衬底101发射的底部发射式显示层。在该实施方式中，第一电极231可包括透明电极，并且第二电极232可包括反射电极。在其他实施方式中，显示层200可以是朝向显示层200的前侧和后侧两者发射光的双面发射式显示层。
像素限定层219作为绝缘体形成在第一电极231上。像素限定层219可包括有机绝缘材料，例如聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、丙烯酸树脂、苯并环丁烯(BCB)和/或酚醛树脂，并且可通过旋涂来形成。像素限定层219可暴露第一电极231的区(例如，中央区)，并且包括有机发射层的中间层233可设置在第一电极231的经暴露的区上。例如，像素限定层219限定OLED的像素区。
包括在中间层233中的有机发射层可包括低分子量有机材料或高分子量有机材料。在一些实施方式中，除了有机发射层之外，中间层233还可包括诸如空穴传输层(HTL)、空穴注入层(HIL)、电子传输层(ETL)和/或电子注入层(EIL)的功能层。
用于覆盖和密封显示层200的密封构件300可形成在第二电极232上。密封构件300阻挡外部氧气和水分，并且可以是单层或可具有多层结构。
例如，密封构件300可包括无机层310和320中的至少之一以及有机层330。有机层330以及无机层310和320可交替地堆叠。图4示出包括有机层330以及两个无机层310和320的密封构件300的示例。然而，本公开不限于此。例如，密封构件300还可包括交替地堆叠(或布置)的多个附加无机层和/或有机层，但是无机层和有机层的数量不限于此。
无机层310和320可包括硅氮化物(SiNx)、铝氮化物(AlN)、诰氮化物(ZrN)、钛氮氧化物(TiON)、铪氮化物(HfN)、钽氮化物(TaN)、硅氧化物(SiOx)、铝氧化物(Al2O3)、钛氧化物(TiO2)、锡氧化物(SnO2)、铈氧化物(CeO2)和/或硅氮氧化物(SiON)。
有机层330可使像素限定层219的台阶区域(或台阶差)变平坦，并且可减轻在无机层310和320中产生的应力。有机层330可包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺和/或聚乙烯。
无机层310和320可形成为具有比有机层330大的面积(例如，更大的表面积)。因此，无机层310和320可在有机层330的外周边处彼此接触，从而更有效地防止外部氧气或水分的渗透。
功能层400可位于密封构件300上。功能层400可包括偏振层和/或触摸屏层。功能层400还可包括光学膜等以反射外部光。
偏振层传输从显示层200发射的在与偏振层的偏光轴的方向相同的方向上振动的光，并且吸收或反射在其他方向上振动的光。例如，偏振层可包括相位差膜、偏振膜等，其中，相位差膜通过向两个垂直偏振的光分量施加多达π/2的相位差来将线偏振光改变成圆偏振光或者将圆偏振光改变成线偏振光，偏振膜用于将两个正交偏振的光分量分离并且仅传输所述分量中的一个且吸收或分散另一分量。如另一示例，偏振层可以是其中布置多个线栅的线栅偏振层。
触摸屏层可包括其中第一电极和第二电极交替地布置的触摸传感器。触摸传感器可使用例如用于感测彼此交叉的多个第一电极和多个第二电极之间的电容的变化以确定在相应部分或位置处是否发生触摸的电容方法。
第一保护层110可设置在功能层400上以保护显示层200免受外部冲击。
例如，第一保护层110可以是包括具有优良的变形特性和回弹特性的弹性聚合物的膜。例如，第一保护层110可包括橡胶、热塑性烯烃、热塑性聚氨酯、合成聚异戊二烯、聚丁二烯、氯丁二烯橡胶、丁基橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯、丙烯酸纤维橡胶、硅橡胶、含氟弹性体、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)等。在某些实施方式中，第一保护层110可在其中包括多个颗粒。当多个颗粒分散在第一保护层110中时，外部冲击被颗粒分散(或吸收)，从而防止外部冲击传输至柔性显示面板10。
多个颗粒可包括具有透明性质的矾土、二氧化硅、二氧化诰(ZrO2)、钇铝石榴石(YAG)和/或掺杂铝的锌氧化物(AZO)。多个颗粒的平均颗粒尺寸可在约5nm至约500nm的范围中，并且在一个实施方式中，在约30nm至约60nm的范围中。
如另一示例，第一保护层110可包括展现剪切增稠现象的透明材料。例如，第一保护层110可包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯以及含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯。
因此，第一保护层110在没有对其施加外部应力时具有优良的柔性，从而减小在柔性显示设备1弯曲或卷曲时发生的应变。然而，当外部冲击施加至第一保护层110时，第一保护层110的强度(或硬度)增加，并且可防止对柔性显示面板10的损害。因此，柔性显示设备1(例如，参见图1)可以是柔性且抗冲击的。
功能层400可通过粘合层附接至第一保护层110以及附接至密封构件300。粘合层可包括基于硅的粘合剂或丙烯酸粘合剂(或可由基于硅的粘合剂或丙烯酸粘合剂形成)，并且还可包括固化剂、交联剂、UV稳定剂等。粘合层可以是压敏粘合剂(PSA)、光学透明粘合剂(OCA)等。
图5是图3的区域B的放大剖视图，图6A和图6B分别是图5中所示的第一层和第二层的剪切增稠现象的图形，图7A和图7B分别是图5中所示的第一层和第二层的蠕变曲线和回复曲线的图形，以及图8A至图8D是根据图5中所示的第二层的厚度的蠕变曲线和回复曲线的图形。
参照图5，第一保护层110可包括第一层111和第二层112。第一层111和第二层112可包括不同的热塑性聚氨酯。例如，第一层111可包括含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯，并且第二层112可包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯。此外，第一层111和第二层112的厚度可相对于彼此不同。
图6A示出第一层111的剪切增稠现象，以及图6B示出第二层112的剪切增稠现象。图6A中所示的第一层111由基于芳香族聚酯的热塑性聚氨酯形成，并且图6B中所示的第二层112由基于脂肪族聚醚的热塑性聚氨酯形成。
如图6A和图6B中所示，第一层111的杨氏模量和第二层112的杨氏模量两者均随着剪切速率增加而急剧地增加。例如，第一层111和第二层112两者均可展现剪切增稠现象。其结果是，与当第一保护层110由展现剪切稀化现象的诸如聚酰亚胺、PET等聚合材料形成时不同，第一保护层110的强度随着剪切速率增加而增加，使得柔性显示面板10可不容易被损坏。
图7A示出第一层111的蠕变曲线和回复曲线，以及图7B示出第二层112的蠕变曲线和回复曲线。在图7A和图7B中，A分别是第一层111和第二层112的4.1％变形的结果，以及B分别是第一层111和第二层112的1.2％变形的结果。
如图7A和图7B中所示，第一层111和第二层112两者在1.2％变形之后几乎完全地回复。然而，当第一层111和第二层112遭受4.1％变形时，第一层111的次级蠕变是约5.5％，而第二层112的次级蠕变是约13.2％，并且在这种情况下，第一层111的回复速率大于第二层112的回复速率。例如，与第二层112相比，第一层111具有更大的蠕变阻力和更强的回弹能力(例如，更快的回弹能力或回复性)。此外，与由含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯形成的第二层112与第一保护层110下方的其他层的结合强度相比，由含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯形成的第一层111可具有与第一保护层110下方的其他层的更大的结合强度。
然而，因为第一层111与第二层112相比相对容易受水分的影响，所以可能出现应变等。如图6A和图6B中所示，第二层112的杨氏模量在比第一层111的杨氏模量开始增加的剪切速率低的剪切速率处开始增加，从而第二层112具有比第一层111的剪切增稠特性优良的剪切增稠特性。
因此，第二层112可设置在第一层111上，从而第一保护层110可具有优良的剪切增稠特性和回弹能力。
图8A至图8D各自示出根据图5中所示的第二层112的厚度的蠕变曲线和回复曲线。图8A至图8D示出第二层112的4.1％变形的结果。在这种情况中，与图8A至图8D对应的示例1至示例4的第二层112的厚度和施加至第二层112的力N在下面的表1中示出：
表1
如图8A至图8D中所示，力N施加至示例1至示例4的第二层112，使得即使示例1至示例4的第二层112具有彼此不同的厚度，示例1至示例4的第二层112也具有相同或大致相同的变形速率。如图8A至图8D中所示，第二层112的回复速率随着其厚度的增加而提高。
如上所述，第二层112形成在第一层111上，使得第二层112比第一层111变形更多，并且当柔性显示设备1(例如，参见图1)展开时，外部冲击直接地施加至第二层112。通过形成相对厚的第二层112，可减小第二层112的次级蠕变。
然而，因为第一保护层110形成为具有处于约50um至约200um的范围中的厚度，所以第一层111的厚度可减小，使得第二层112可形成为相对厚的。
如图6A中所示，随着第一层111的厚度减少，杨氏模量急剧地增大。另外，如图6A和图6B中所示，第二层112的杨氏模量在比第一层111的杨氏模量的剪切速率低的剪切速率处增大。因此，当外部冲击施加至第一保护层110时，第二层112首先展现剪切增稠现象并且之后第一层111展现剪切增稠现象，以具有比第二层112更大的强度。其结果是，可进一步地增强第一保护层110的冲击阻力。
例如，形成在第一层111上的第二层112的厚度可大于第一层111的厚度，从而第一保护层110可具有优良的剪切增稠特性、冲击阻力、蠕变阻力和回弹能力。在某些实施方式中，第一层111可形成为具有处于约5μm至约30μm的范围中的厚度，并且第二层112可具有处于约45μm至约170μm的范围中的厚度。
图9是根据另一实施方式沿着图1的线I-I'截取的剖视图。
参照图9，柔性显示面板10可包括柔性衬底101、显示层200、密封构件300、功能层400、第一保护层110和第二保护层120。因为柔性衬底101、显示层200、密封构件300、功能层400和第一保护层110与上面描述的那些相同或大致相同，所以本文可省略其重复的描述。
第二保护层120可附接至柔性衬底101的下表面。因此，柔性显示面板10可不被外部冲击等损坏。
例如，第二保护层120可包括橡胶、热塑性烯烃、热塑性聚氨酯、合成聚异戊二烯、聚丁二烯、氯丁二烯橡胶、丁基橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯、丙烯酸纤维橡胶、硅橡胶、含氟弹性体、乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂(EVA)等。此外，第二保护层120还可包括分散在其中的多个颗粒。
第二保护层120可包括展现剪切增稠现象的材料。例如，第二保护层120可包括基于硅的膨胀性材料，诸如，聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS)。
第二保护层120可具有与第一保护层110相同或大致相同的配置。例如，第二保护层120可包括第三层和第四层，其中，第三层包括含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯，第四层包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯。第三层和第四层可具有堆叠结构，并且第四层可设置成比第三层相距柔性衬底101更远。
根据本公开的示例性实施方式，通过包括含有展现剪切增稠现象的材料(或由展现剪切增稠现象的材料制成)的层，柔性显示设备可以是柔性且抗冲击的。然而，本公开的范围不限于这些方面和特征。
应理解，本文描述的示例性实施方式应在描述性的含义上进行考虑，而不是出于限制的目的。除非明确相反地描述，否则在每个示例性实施方式内的特征或方面的描述通常应被理解为适用于在其他示例性实施方式中的其他相似的特征或方面。
虽然本文已经参照附图描述了示例性实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员将理解，在不脱离如由所附权利要求及其等同限定的精神和范围的情况下，可在示例性实施方式中做出形式和细节上的各种改变。

Claims (16)

1.一种柔性显示设备，包括：
柔性衬底；
薄膜晶体管，位于所述柔性衬底上；
钝化膜，覆盖所述薄膜晶体管，所述钝化膜包括展现剪切增稠现象的材料；
显示元件，位于所述钝化膜上并且电连接至所述薄膜晶体管；
密封构件，位于所述显示元件上；以及
第一保护层，位于所述密封构件上，所述第一保护层包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯和含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯中的至少之一。
2.如权利要求1所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述钝化膜包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯和含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯中的至少之一。
3.如权利要求1所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述第一保护层包括：
第一层，包括含有所述醚官能团的所述热塑性聚氨酯；以及
第二层，包括含有所述酯官能团的所述热塑性聚氨酯。
4.如权利要求3所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述第二层堆叠在所述第一层上。
5.如权利要求4所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述第二层的厚度大于所述第一层的厚度。
6.如权利要求4所述的柔性显示设备，其中，当对所述第一保护层施加外部冲击时，所述第二层在所述第一层展现剪切增稠现象之前展现剪切增稠现象。
7.如权利要求4所述的柔性显示设备，其中，当对所述第一保护层施加外部冲击时，所述第一层的杨氏模量大于所述第二层的杨氏模量。
8.一种柔性显示设备，包括：
滚筒；以及
柔性显示面板，所述柔性显示面板的一端与所述滚筒联接，所述柔性显示面板配置为缠绕在所述滚筒的外周边表面上，所述柔性显示面板包括显示层，所述显示层包括：
薄膜晶体管；
显示元件，电连接至所述薄膜晶体管；以及
钝化膜，位于所述薄膜晶体管和所述显示元件之间，所述钝化膜包括展现剪切增稠现象的材料，
其中，所述柔性显示面板还包括：
密封构件，密封所述显示层；以及
第一保护层，位于所述密封构件上，所述第一保护层包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯和含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯中的至少之一。
9.如权利要求8所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述钝化膜包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯和含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯中的至少之一。
10.如权利要求8所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述第一保护层包括展现剪切增稠现象的透明材料。
11.如权利要求10所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述第一保护层包括第一层和第二层，所述第一层和所述第二层包括彼此不同的热塑性聚氨酯。
12.如权利要求11所述的柔性显示设备，
其中，所述第一层包括含有醚官能团的热塑性聚氨酯，以及
其中，所述第二层包括含有酯官能团的热塑性聚氨酯。
13.如权利要求12所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述第二层堆叠在所述第一层上。
14.如权利要求13所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述第二层的厚度大于所述第一层的厚度。
15.如权利要求8所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述第一保护层包括膜，所述膜包括弹性聚合物和分散在所述弹性聚合物中的多个颗粒。
16.如权利要求8所述的柔性显示设备，其中，所述柔性显示面板还包括：
柔性衬底，所述显示层位于所述柔性衬底的上表面上；以及
第二保护层，位于所述柔性衬底的下表面上。
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