CN108781313B - 用以贴身获取传感器信息的耦接的集线器和传感器节点的系统、装置和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种贴身传感器系统包括被配置为附接到用户表面的集线器。集线器进一步被配置成将电力和数据信号传输至表面中,并从表面接收响应数据信号。系统进一步包括被配置为附接到皮肤表面或皮肤略下方的至少一个传感器节点。系统进一步包括至少一个传感器节点,该至少一个传感器节点通过表面接收来自集线器的电力和数据信号,并将响应数据信号传输到表面中。来自集线器的电力为至少一个传感器节点供电,并且使至少一个传感器节点产生传感器信息,该传感器信息在响应数据信号内被传送回集线器。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2016年2月22日提交的“用以贴身获取传感器信息的耦接的集线器和传感器节点的系统、装置和方法(SYSTEM,DEVICE,AND METHOD FOR COUPLED HUB ANDSENSOR NODE ON-BODY ACQUISITION OF SENSOR INFORMATION)”的美国临时专利申请No.62/298,301的权益和优先权,其全部内容通过引用的方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及贴身传感器。特别地,本发明涉及通过集线器从贴身传感器获取传感器信息。
背景技术
随着半导体器件制造的进步,这种器件变得更小并且更通用。这些器件正在推动不同的新技术领域的发展。一个技术领域即是可穿戴设备。可穿戴设备的技术领域涉及穿戴在用户身上以获取传感器信息的特定位置传感器的概念。然而,尽管半导体器件本身取得了进步,但是当前的电源状态仍然使半导体器件受到限制。例如,可穿戴设备的形状因子和寿命与机载电源直接相关。可穿戴设备的电源通常以大体积(相对于可穿戴设备的尺寸)、非共形电池(例如,锂离子电池)的形式出现,这就出现了例如关于传感器节点在身体上的放置问题。
为了解决传统上需要机载电源的传感器节点所带来的问题,无线通信的进步使得可以通过接近于传感器节点的智能设备(也称为读取器)的无线询问来向传感器节点供电。然而,这种电力传输需要读取器一直接近传感器节点,这就出现了与具有机载电源的传感器节点不同的问题。
此外,对于传感器节点上的与允许获取传感器信息的传感器部件相关的发展速度和传感器节点的用于处理、存储和/或传输离体传感器信息的后端部件的发展速度而言,二者之间存在差异。
因此,仍然需要开发能够解决以上相关问题的系统、方法和设备。
发明内容
根据一些实施例,可交换传感器系统包括集线器,该集线器被配置成附接到用户并且选择性地耦接到一个或多个传感器节点。集线器还被配置成将电力和操作数据无线地发送到一个或多个传感器节点。系统还包括至少一个传感器节点,其被配置成选择性地耦接到集线器并且无线地接收电力和传输(例如,发送和接收)数据。所述至少一个传感器节点包括被配置成在从集线器接收电力时生成传感器数据的至少一个传感器。所述至少一个传感器节点还被配置成将传感器数据无线地传输到集线器,用以处理、聚合数据、和/或将传感器数据传输到离体计算机设备。所述至少一个传感器节点还能够从集线器无线地接收命令、指令、固件、算法和系统数据更新。
根据一些另外的实施例,公开了一种获取传感器信息的方法。该方法包括:通过集线器将电力并可选地将操作数据传输到至少一个传感器节点。集线器和至少一个传感器节点能够附接到表面(例如,用户的身体),并且至少一个传感器节点能够无线地、电气地、和/或物理地耦接到集线器。集线器可选地能够被放置在皮肤表面上,并且至少一个传感器能够被置于皮肤下方,并在皮下组织略上方。所述方法还包括:至少一个传感器节点接收足以为传感器节点供电的电力并且可选地接收通过集线器传输的操作数据。所述方法还包括:通过至少一个传感器节点的至少一个传感器生成与身体相关联的传感器信息。所述方法还包括:通过至少一个传感器节点将传感器信息传输到集线器。所述方法还包括:通过集线器来聚合、处理、和/或分析从至少一个传感器节点接收的传感器信息。所述方法还被描述为,通过集线器将电力、操作数据、或电力和操作数据的组合连续地、周期性地、或半周期性地传输到至少一个传感器节点,用以获取与身体相关联的传感器信息。
鉴于参照附图进行的各种实施例的详细描述,本发明的其他方面对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的,下面提供其简要的描述。
附图说明
通过以下对示例性实施例的描述并结合地参照附图将更好地理解本发明,其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的各方面的包括耦接到集线器并附接到用户的传感器节点的系统;
图2示出了根据本发明的各方面的图1的系统的框图;
图3A示出了根据本发明的各方面的图1的系统内用的示例传感器节点的示意图;
图3B示出了根据本发明的各方面的图1的系统内用的另一示例传感器节点的示意图;
图3C示出了根据本发明的各方面的图1的系统内用的集线器的示意图;
图3D示出了根据本发明的各方面的耦接在一起的集线器和传感器节点的示意图;并且
图4示出了根据本发明的各方面的集线器与传感器节点之间的电力和数据传输的梯形图。
具体实施方式
尽管本发明包含某些示例性实施例,但是应该理解,本发明不限于那些特定实施例。反之,本发明旨在涵盖可以包括在由所附权利要求进一步限定的本发明的精神和范围内的所有替代形式、变形和等同布置。
本发明涉及一种包括集线器和一个或多个传感器节点的可交换传感器系统。传感器节点被配置为耦接到集线器。通过耦接到集线器,传感器节点从不连贯传感器节点转换为连续传感器节点。传感器节点和集线器都被配置成耦接到用户的身体。集线器能够被配置成在任何给定时间使仅一个传感器节点能够耦接到集线器,或者使多个传感器节点能够耦接到集线器。在耦接构造中,集线器将电力并可选地将数据无线地传输到耦接传感器节点。无线传输的电力使传感器节点进行操作。传感器节点的操作包括:传感器节点基于从传感器节点内的一个或多个传感器接收的信号来获取(例如,收集和/或生成)传感器信息。在某些方面,无线传输的数据还使传感器节点收集和/或生成传感器信息(包括位置和/或传感器特定信息)。传感器特定信息的示例包括:运动信息(例如,加速度)、温度(例如,环境和传感器温度)、与心脏活动相关的电信号、与肌肉活动相关的电信号、与皮肤变化相关的电位和阻抗变化、生物电位监测(例如,心电图(ECG)、肌电图(EMG)、和脑电图(EEG))、生物阻抗监测(例如,体重指数、应力表征、和汗液量化)、皮电反应信息、光学调制感测(例如,光电容积描记术和脉搏波速度)。在收集和/或生成传感器信息时,传感器节点将传感器信息无线地传输回集线器,这些传感器信息例如作为响应于最初从集线器传输的电力和数据的响应数据。集线器能够被进一步配置成聚合、处理响应数据、和/或将响应数据从耦接传感器节点传输到离体计算机设备(诸如智能电话、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式电脑等),以进一步处理、聚合数据、和/或将数据传输到附加计算机设备,例如远离系统的计算机设备。
集线器和传感器节点的形状因子均能够使耦接的集线器和传感器节点放置在不规则的表面上(例如,用户的身体上,诸如用户的皮肤表面上或用户的皮下表面上等)。当耦接到对象的表面时,传感器节点获取与对象有关的传感器信息。当耦接到用户或器官(例如,皮肤、肺、心脏等)的表面时,传感器节点获取与身体和/或器官有关的传感器信息。此外,传感器节点与集线器的可交换特性使得不同类型的传感器节点根据所需的传感器信息和/或位置被耦接到集线器。此外,通过从传感器节点中移除用于离体计算机设备的电源和通信接口,能够使跟随传感器在传感器节点上的发展的传感器节点的更新与电源和通信接口的更稳定后端技术去耦合。因此,能够在不必更换例如集线器的后端机载电源和通信接口的情况下更换传感器节点,并且能够为现有集线器开发新的传感器节点。传感器节点与集线器的分离有助于能够受益于传感器和后端系统部件之间的不同开发的集中设计。传感器的进步能够更快地适应并实施到系统中。此外,类似地,后端部件的进步也能够更快地适应并实施到系统中。
此外,通过将传感器节点耦接到集线器,成对的传感器节点和集线器能够提供连续的、周期的、和/或半周期的传感器信息生成和/或收集,而不需要离体计算机设备与传感器节点持续通信。因此,传感器节点与集线器的配对为特别是在离体计算机设备与传感器节点持续通信是不切实际或不可能的活动状态下(例如游泳、慢跑、锻炼等)从物体、受试者或用户获取传感器信息提供了更有效和模块化的形状因子。
参照图1,图1示出了根据本概念的各方面的系统100的示意图。系统100包括两个部件,集线器102和传感器节点104。如图所示,在传感器节点104重叠在集线器102上的基础上,传感器节点104被配置为耦接到集线器102。尽管仅示出了一个集线器102和一个传感器节点104,但是系统100会虑及可交换地耦接到集线器102的多个传感器节点104。此外,尽管仅示出了与集线器102配对的一个传感器节点104,但是根据本发明的一些实施例,一个以上的传感器节点104也能够同时耦接到单个集线器102并与单个集线器102配对。
当集线器102和传感器节点104耦接和未耦接时二者均被配置成附接到表面,例如用户的身体106的皮肤或对象的表面。具体地,集线器102和传感器节点104能够设置有粘合面,以便将传感器节点104附接到用户的身体106的表面106a。当附接到身体106的表面106a时,传感器节点104能够从身体106收集和/或生成传感器信息。
如上所述,集线器102提供系统100内的传感器节点104的后端部件。例如,后端部件能够包括电源和通信接口,以(例如,使用蓝牙、低功耗蓝牙(Bluetooth Low Energy)、WiFi、Zigbee、医疗遥测或其他无线通信协议)提供与诸如智能电话、笔记本电脑、或台式计算机等离体计算机设备的数据通信。关于传感器节点104,集线器102能够提供为传感器节点104供电的电力和为传感器节点104的操作提供算法和/或指令的数据。此外,集线器102能包括处理器、存储器和计算机程序,用以聚合、处理、和/或存储从传感器节点104接收的传感器信息。
通过向传感器节点104提供电力并可选地提供数据,除了传感器节点104的按需操作之外,集线器102还能够选择性地提供传感器节点104的连续、周期、和半周期的操作,用以收集和/或生成传感器节点104的传感器信息。因此,集线器102替换了用反复进入传感器节点104的范围的诸如智能电话、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等离体计算机设备手动询问传感器节点104的需要。
集线器102能具有一般标准化形状因子,并且提供将电力和数据往返于传感器节点104传输的一般标准化平台。因此,传感器节点104能够围绕由集线器102支持的标准化电力以及数据传输协议和要求来设计。集线器102的标准化设计部分地解决了传感器和后端系统部件之间的不同开发时间表。因此,一般标准化电力和数据传输定义了允许传感器设计者设计新的不同传感器节点的设计规则和约束,这些新的不同传感器节点能够快速且容易地部署并与集线器102配对。
如图1所示,集线器102能够与离体计算机设备108通信。举例而言,但并非进行限制,在聚合、处理和/或存储传感器信息时,集线器102包括通信接口204以与离体计算机设备108通信,并将传感器信息传输到离体计算机设备108。根据一些实施例,传感器信息能够包括原始传感器数据。因此,集线器102处理与离体计算机设备108的通信,从而使传感器节点104变得简单并具有仅用于生成和/或收集传感器信息的较少部件。
传感器节点104能够被设计成针对与用户的身体106上的特定位置相关的特定感测模态或有限数量模态(例如,小于5)。例如,传感器节点104的特定感测模态能够包括热通量、加速度和角速度、或者一般运动、电信号(诸如心电图(ECG或EKG)和/或皮电反应信号等)、压力、汗液、以及血氧饱和度水平。然而,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,感测模态能够包括未在此明确公开的附加模态。
在某些方面,传感器节点104能够是简单的传感器节点,因为所有操作用数据(例如,初始化数据、指令、程序和算法)均从集线器102传输到传感器节点104。因此,传感器节点104需要来自集线器102的电力和数据来进行操作。可替代地,传感器节点104可以是智能传感器节点,因为操作所需的大多数(如果不是所有)数据已经存储在传感器节点104上。因此,传感器节点104只需要电力并可选择地仅需要触发数据来进行操作。在某些方面,传感器节点104可以介于上述简单传感器节点和智能传感器节点之间。例如,传感器节点104可以具有一些已经存储在传感器节点104上的操作用的数据,但是操作(例如,可选的或高级操作)用的附加数据也能够从集线器102传输到传感器节点104。
在某些方面,集线器102通过近场通信(NFC:Near-Field Communication)向传感器节点104传输“启动”命令,以使后者执行存储在处理器上或存储在传感器节点104的外部存储器上的预定操作集。然后,传感器节点104进行感测并实时收集和/或处理传感器信息。然后,传感器节点104通过NFC将所收集和/或处理的数据传输回集线器102。
在某些方面,集线器102通过NFC将一组命令传输到传感器节点104。然后,传感器节点104例如通过机载处理器执行命令而实时地解释和执行该组命令。然后,传感器节点104通过NFC执行感测并将感测数据传输回集线器102。根据该方面,传感器节点104能够接收使能感测的命令和通过NFC将原始(例如,未处理的)传感器信息传输回集线器102的命令。
参考图2,图2示出了根据本发明的各方面的图1的系统100的框图。首先详细参考集线器102,例如,集线器102包括电源200、存储器202、用于与离体计算机设备108通信的通信接口204、用于与传感器节点104通信的电力传输器和数据收发器206、以及处理器208。
电源200提供集线器102内的电力,并且将电力提供给系统100内的传感器节点104。电源200能够是各种常规电源,例如,超级电容器、或一个或多个可充电或不可充电电池、或具有诸如锂离子(Li离子)、镍镉(NiCd)、镍锌(NiZn)、镍-金属氢化物(NiMH)、锌和锰(IV)氧化物(Zn/MnO2)化学等各种电池化学的电池,这里仅举几例。在某些方面,电源200能够是集线器102直接连接或通过例如电源适配器(例如,交流电适配器)连接的电壁插座。在某些方面,电源200能够是收集诸如热能、动能和/或射频能等非电能并将能量转换成电能的部件。然而,电源200能够是本文未具体公开的各种其他电源。
存储器202存储针对集线器102和传感器节点104的功能的各种指令和算法。存储器202能够是诸如只读存储器(ROM)、读写存储器(RWM)、静态和/或动态RAM、闪存等的任何类型的常规存储器。在某些方面,从离体计算机设备108接收的数据能够被写入到存储器202,用以更新存储在集线器102上的指令和算法。例如,能够将更新的指令和算法写入到存储器以适用新开发的传感器节点104。因此,当开发需要来自集线器102的新数据的新传感器节点104时,能够将新指令写入集线器102,而不是替换整个后端部件。
通信接口204能够是与离体计算机设备108通信的任何传统通信接口,诸如基于2.4千兆赫(GHz)或5GHz射频等并以Wi-Fi、蓝牙、低功耗蓝牙、Zigbee等无线通信协议为基础的通信接口。然而,通信接口204还能够支持有线通信、诸如与离体计算机设备108的有线通信、或与不支持无线接收电力和数据的旧传感器节点104的有线通信。因此,在某些方面,集线器102能够向后兼容需要有线连接的旧传感器节点。
在某些方面,集线器102被配置为仅与特定类型或种类的离体计算机设备108通信。例如,独立的集线器102能够被设计成与独立的智能电话和/或平板电脑兼容,并且不同的集线器102能够用于与不同的智能电话(例如,运行ANDROIDTM等的智能电话)通信。因此,在某些方面,尽管每个集线器102与系统100内的所有传感器节点104兼容,但是某些集线器102可以仅与某些离体计算机设备108兼容。用户能够选择与该用户要与系统100一起使用的特定离体计算机设备108兼容的集线器102。
电力传输器和数据收发器206被配置成将电力和数据传输到传感器节点104。在某些方面,电力传输器和数据收发器206被配置成利用数据(例如,模拟数据信号)来调制电力,以在电力载体上传输数据。因此,传感器节点104然后能够接收电力和数据,并对其进行解调和/或整流,以使传感器节点104进行操作。在某些方面,收发器206包括NFC读取器集成电路,用以基于NFC协议询问传感器节点104。在这种构造中,集线器102进一步包括导电线圈218。收发器206(或更具体地,导电线圈218)位于集线器102上,使得导电线圈218与传感器节点104的相应收发器或线圈协同定位,如下面进一步讨论的。导电线圈218与传感器节点104的协同定位促进了集线器102与传感器节点104之间的电力和数据更有效地传输。尽管这里主要讨论了NFC无线协议,但是也能够使用包括以下的其他无线电力协议:例如,Qi(可从无线充电联盟(Wireless Power Consortium),Piscataway,NJ获得)或电感、谐振和非耦合(长距离)电力传输技术(可从AirFuel Alliance,Beaverton,OR获得)。
处理器208控制集线器102的操作。处理器208可以是包括能够执行算法和数据处理的微处理器、微控制器(MCU)等的各种类型的处理器。具体地,处理器208执行存储在存储器202中或从离体计算机设备108传输的一个或多个指令和/或算法,这使集线器102将电力和数据传输到传感器节点104,从传感器节点104接收响应数据,并聚合、处理、分析、和/或存储响应数据。在某些方面,在将响应数据传输到离体计算机设备108之前,处理器208分析和/或处理来自传感器节点104的响应数据(例如,传感器信息)。此外,或者可替代地,例如当离体计算机设备108与集线器102主动通信时,处理器208能够仅使集线器102向离体计算机设备108传输响应数据。
参考传感器节点104,传感器节点104是位置特定的感测平台,其被放置在身体上特定位置处以进行特定位置感测。传感器节点104从集线器102接收传输的电力和数据,以执行感测并与集线器102进行返回通信。此外,因为传感器节点104从集线器102接收操作所需的电力,所以传感器节点104不包括用于传感器节点104的整体操作的机载电源(例如,不包括诸如电容器等用于临时电力中断的电源或诸如用于临时电力的小型电池等的小型电源)。由于不包括机载电源,因此除了其他优点之外,还能够减小传感器节点104的形状因子。
在某些方面,传感器节点104可以仅使传感器信息流回到集线器102。这种传感器节点104可以被认为是简单节点。可替代地,传感器节点104可以在将传感器信息传输到集线器102之前将传感器信息存储在传感器节点104上。此外,可替代地,传感器节点104可以在将传感器信息传输到集线器102之前处理传感器信息。例如,传感器信息的处理可以包括例如平滑数据、分析数据、压缩数据、过滤数据等。这种传感器节点104可以被认为是智能节点。因此,传感器节点104的功能可以改变。
传感器节点104的构造能够根据传感器的特定模态和/或功能而变化。然而,通常,传感器节点104包括处理器210、一个或多个传感器212、以及电力接收器和数据收发器214。
处理器210可以是各种类型的处理器,包括能够特别地基于从集线器102传输的低电力来执行算法和数据处理的微处理器、MCU等。在某些方面,处理器210能够包括用于存储由传感器节点104和/或处理器210进行的一个或多个算法并用于存储从集线器102传输的信息的存储器。可替代地,或者额外地,传感器节点104可以包括独立于处理器210的存储器。
如上所述,在某些实施例中,传感器节点104是简单节点,并且仅基于从集线器102传送的数据起作用。在这种情况下,传感器节点104不包括运行所需的机载指令、算法、或其他数据。可替代地,传感器节点104能够是从集线器102接收电力和触发指令(例如,数据)的智能节点,但是在这种情况下,传感器节点104在内部包括用于生成和/或收集传感器信息的必要指令、算法、或数据。
在简单传感器节点104的情况下,集线器102充当传感器节点104的后端智能和电源。此外,即使在智能传感器节点104的情况下,集线器102也能够以更先进的数据处理形式提供更多的智能。举例而言,但并非进行限制,处理器210能够是Ltd的Cortex-M系列MCU、Texas Instruments Inc.的MSP430MCU等。
一个或多个传感器212对传感器节点104执行感测功能。传感器212能够是具有各种类型的感测模态的各种类型的传感器。根据某些实施例,传感器212包括热通量传感器、加速度计或陀螺仪(例如,运动传感器)、心电图(ECG或EKG)传感器、压力传感器、心率监测器、皮电反应传感器、汗液传感器、无创血压和血氧饱和监测器、计步器、光学传感器、声学传感器、血糖传感器等。然而,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,传感器节点104还能够包括在此未明确公开的其他传感器。作为一些具体示例,一个或多个传感器212能够包括Texas Instruments,Inc.的ADS1191生物电势传感器、Analog Devices的ADXL362加速度计等。
电力接收器和数据收发器214允许传感器节点104从集线器102接收电力,并往返于集线器102接收并传输数据通信。收发器214从电力中提取数据,以向传感器节点104供电并提供用于执行算法并处理由传感器212生成的数据的数据。在某些方面,收发器214包括诸如NFC能量采集器电路等NFC标签集成电路,用以基于NFC协议响应来自传感器节点104的询问。在集线器102基于NFC协议或类似的电力和通信方案将电力和数据无线地传输到传感器节点104的情况下,传感器节点104进一步包括线圈220。线圈220连接到传感器节点104的收发器214。基于NFC的特性,激励线圈218会引起线圈220的相互激励,从而提供了从集线器102到传感器节点104的电力和数据的无线传输。
尽管未示出,但是在某些方面,集线器102的收发器206可以包括从集线器102传输电力和数据所需的一个或多个电路部件和/或通用电子部件,诸如放大器、调制器、和/或调制解调器等。类似地,尽管未示出,但是传感器节点104可以包括从集线器102接收电力和数据以及传输响应数据所需的一个或多个电路部件和/或通用电子部件,诸如放大器、解调器、和/或调制解调器等。
参考图3A-3D,图3A-3D示出了根据本发明的各方面的分开地和耦接在一起的集线器102和传感器节点104的透视图。更具体地,图3A示出了传感器节点104a的透视图。在具体示出的示例中,传感器节点104a被设计成用于感测心脏的电活动,例如EKG或ECG传感器。传感器节点104包括处理器210a。处理器210a控制用于检测心脏的电活动的一个或多个算法和/或指令的处理。此外,处理器210a执行用于控制传感器节点104a与集线器102之间的通信(例如,NFC通信)的一个或多个算法或指令。
图3A还示出了线圈220a的透视图。线圈220a是一系列围绕传感器节点104a周边延伸的连续导电材料(例如,铜、银、金、铝等)的同心环。线圈220a电气连接到处理器210a,用以向处理器210a提供(例如,传送或传输)用于提取数据并为传感器节点104a供电的电力和数据。
传感器节点104a进一步包括用于感测ECG或EKG信号的一个或多个部件或传感器。如图所示,传感器节点104a能包括两个以上电极302a和302b。电极302a和302b能够位于传感器节点104a的顶侧或位于传感器节点104a的底侧。电极302a和302b检测由心跳产生的电信号作为传感器信息。传感器节点104a进一步包括连接到电极302a和302b的一个或多个部件(例如MCU 304),用以处理和/或分析所检测的心跳信号。可替代地,电极302a和302b能够连接到处理器210a,用以处理和/或分析所检测的心跳信号。
参考图3B,图3B示出了传感器节点104b的透视图。在具体的示出示例中,传感器节点104b被设计成用于感测运动。传感器节点104b包括处理器210b。处理器210b控制用于感测运动的一个或多个算法和/或指令的处理。此外,处理器210b执行用于控制传感器节点104b与集线器102之间的通信(例如,NFC通信)的一个或多个算法或指令。
图3B进一步示出了线圈220b的透视图。与线圈220a一样,线圈220b是一系列围绕传感器节点104b周边延伸的连续导电材料(例如,铜、银、金、铝等)的同心环。线圈220b电气连接到处理器210b,用以向处理器210b和传感器节点104b的其他部件提供用于提取数据并为传感器节点104b供电的电力和数据。
传感器节点104b进一步包括用于感测运动的一个或多个部件或传感器。在某些方面,传感器节点104b能包括一个或多个光源306(诸如发光二极管等),用以指示传感器节点104b何时在操作。此外,传感器节点104b包括加速度计308和陀螺仪310。加速度计308测量多达三个轴的力,并且陀螺仪310测量相对于体轴的角速度。加速度计308和陀螺仪310连接到处理器210b,用以将传感器信息传输到处理器210b,以便后续处理和/或传输到集线器102。
尽管3A和3B示出了ECG或EKG传感器节点104a和运动传感器节点104b,但是系统100还能包括其他类型的传感器。非限制性示例包括热通量传感器、加速度计、陀螺仪、心电图(ECG或EKG)传感器、压力传感器、心率监测器、皮电反应传感器、汗液传感器、以及无创血压和血氧饱和监测器,这里仅列举几个类型的传感器。
参考图3C,图3C示出了根据本发明的各方面的集线器102的透视图。如上所述,集线器102包括电源200。在示出的示例中,电源200例如是锂离子纽扣电池。集线器102进一步包括存储器202、通信接口204和处理器208。还示出了电力传输器和数据收发器206和线圈218。与线圈220a和220b类似,线圈218是一系列连续导电材料(例如,铜、银、金、铝等)的同心环。
在某些方面,集线器102能够包括一个或多个附加部件。例如,集线器102能够包括使电源200进行无线充电的电路312。线圈218既能够用于向传感器节点104无线地传输电力和数据,也能够用于无线地接收来自例如感应无线充电器(未示出)的电力。
参考图3D,示出了耦接在一起集线器102和传感器节点104a(但是指的是所有传感器节点)。传感器节点104a耦接到集线器102的背部,与电源200相对,使得传感器节点104a与用户的身体106直接接触。然而,在某些方面,传感器节点104a能够耦接到集线器102的另一侧,这取决于所需构造以及集线器102被配置成怎样附接到用户。
如上所述,集线器102和传感器节点104a被配置成使得线圈218和220a协同定位。此外,集线器102和传感器节点104a进一步被配置成使得线圈218和220a协同定位并且同心。线圈218和220a的协同定位和同心布置将从集线器102到传感器节点104a的电力传输最大化,并且还使集线器102与传感器节点104a之间的数据传输最大化。在图3D所示的布置中,集线器102能够向传感器节点104提供连续、周期性、半周期性和按需供应的电力和数据,以便为传感器节点104供电。作为响应,传感器节点104生成和/或收集与身体106有关的传感器信息,并将传感器信息作为响应数据传输回集线器102。
参考图4,图4示出了梯形图400,该梯形图400示出了根据本发明的各方面的系统100内的集线器102、传感器节点104和离体计算机设备108之间的通信。对于参照梯形图400描述的通信,集线器102和传感器节点104以协同定位和同心布置耦接在一起,例如如图3D所示。此外,耦接的集线器102和传感器节点104位于用户的身体106上,例如如图1所示。此外,集线器102与诸如智能电话等离体计算机设备108进行无线通信。然而,集线器102可以仅就集线器102与离体计算机设备108通信的过程部分来与离体计算机设备108通信。
在步骤402处,集线器102将电力和数据传输到传感器节点104。根据NFC通信方案,电力和数据的传输是通过电感耦合进行的,并且该传输是约为13.56兆兹(MHz)的信号。将电力作为载波传输。将数据作为载波内的调制信号传输。
在一些实施例中,由集线器102传输的电力和数据对于所有传感器节点104是标准的。因此,不同感测模态的传感器节点104都被设计成响应于由集线器102传输的相同电力和数据而操作。可替代地,由集线器102传输的电力和数据能够根据耦接到集线器102的传感器节点104的类型而变化。在这种情况下,在步骤402之前,能够在集线器102与传感器节点104之间进行握手(handshake)。该握手会通知集线器102传感器节点104的特定类型或由耦接到集线器102的传感器节点104支持的特定感测模态。基于特定的传感器节点104或传感器节点104的感测模态,集线器102能够改变发送到传感器节点104的数据、电力、或者数据和电力二者。例如,根据传感器节点104的特定功能和/或模态,能够将不同的算法和/或指令作为利用电力向传感器节点104传输的数据的一部分传输到传感器节点104。作为另一示例,根据传感器节点104是哑节点、智能节点还是介于二者之间的节点,能够将不同的算法和/或指令传输到传感器节点104。此外,根据是否要将作为例如原始数据或作为由传感器节点104的处理器210分析和/或处理后的数据的传感器信息传输回集线器102,能够将不同的算法和/或指令传输到传感器节点104。
在一些实施例中,传感器节点104能够从集线器102接收操作用的一些或所有算法和/或指令。在替代实施例中,传感器节点104从集线器102接收触发信息,但是除此之外,还包括诸如处理器210中的或存储在单独的存储器(未示出)中的机载操作用的算法和/或指令。
在步骤404处,传感器节点104从集线器102接收所传输的电力和数据。传感器节点104通过例如整流电力和解调数据来处理所接收的电力和数据。
通过接收电力,传感器节点104启动以执行与收集和/或生成传感器信息有关的一个或多个处理。具体地,在步骤406处,传感器节点104记录基于所接收的电力而从传感器节点104上的一个或多个传感器212生成和/或收集的数据或传感器信息。此外,在步骤408处,传感器节点104基于所接收的电力来执行一个或多个传感器特定算法,以处理和/或分析从一个或多个传感器212接收的数据或传感器信息。例如,在步骤408处,传感器节点104执行用于平滑传感器信息、分析传感器信息、压缩传感器信息、过滤传感器信息等的一个或多个处理。在某些方面,该处理包括执行一个或多个所存储的或(例如,从集线器102)传输的模式识别算法以检测数据中的一个或多个预定义模式。此外,能在步骤408处发生此处未明确列出的数据的其他处理(例如,将传感器信息的平均、互相关联等)。然而,在某些情况下,能省略步骤408,例如在哑节点的情况下,在这种情况下,来自步骤406的数据或传感器信息(例如,原始数据)在未被处理的状态下流回到集线器102。因此,例如,数据或传感器信息的处理和/或分析能改为仅在集线器102处执行。
在步骤410处,传感器节点104利用剩余的接收电力将所处理和/或分析的数据或传感器信息,或简单地收集和/或生成的数据或传感器信息(例如,原始数据)传输到集线器102。根据NFC通信方案,通过电感耦合并以大约13.56兆赫(MHz)的信号传输将数据传输回集线器102。因为电力未被传输回集线器102,所以数据作为唯一的信号被传输,而不是作为电力信号上的调制信号被传输。
在从传感器节点104接收到响应数据之后,集线器102能够对该数据执行一个或多个功能。例如,在步骤412处,集线器102聚合来自传感器节点104的所处理和/或分析的数据或传感器信息。此外,在步骤414处,集线器102进一步处理和/或分析从传感器节点104接收的数据或传感器信息。与上面类似,例如,该处理能够包括例如:平滑传感器信息、分析传感器信息、压缩传感器信息、过滤传感器信息等。该处理还能包括执行一个或多个模式识别算法以检测数据中的一个或多个预定义模式。例如,基于集线器102的较大形状因子、更高级的处理器208(与处理器210相比)、和/或机载电源200,在集线器102处的处理能够更高级或能够提供可选的处理。此外,能在步骤414处发生此处未明确列出的数据的其他处理(例如,将传感器信息的平均、互相关联等)。然而,根据集线器102的特定所需功能能够省略步骤412和414中的一者或两者,或者颠倒这两个步骤的顺序。
在步骤416处,集线器102将数据或传感器信息传输到离体计算机设备108。集线器102基于诸如蓝牙、WiFi、Zigbee等一个或多个无线通信协议来传输数据或传感器信息。然后,根据离体计算机设备108的特定所需功能,离体计算机设备108对数据执行一个或多个附加处理和/或功能。
针对图4的梯形图400描述的处理能够连续地重复、周期性地重复、半周期性地重复、或按需地重复,以在一段时间内获取传感器信息。此外,在某些方面中,当重复该处理时,能够省略梯形图的步骤。例如,集线器102最初能将电力和数据都传输到传感器节点104,从而使传感器节点104根据预定的操作模式进行操作。然而,来自集线器102的后续传输能只包括电力,例如以保持传感器节点104通电,但是不包括数据。可替代地,来自集线器102的后续传输能只包括数据,例如在传感器节点104包括电力元件(例如,电容器),但是需要进一步的数据来操作的情况下。因此,梯形图中描述的处理的每次重复都可以根据集线器102、传感器节点104、或这两者的可变构造和功能而改变。
如上所述,系统100享有优于现有系统的若干益处。例如,传感器节点104独立于机载分立(discrete)电源而操作。因此,传感器节点104不受通常因需要机载电源而遇见的形状因子限制。此外,传感器节点104能够连续地、周期性地、半周期性地或按需地操作,而不需要诸如智能电话等离体计算机设备(例如,读取器)一直接近传感器节点。另外,将后端电力和通信系统与前端感测系统分离使得能够为后端和前端制定不同的开发时间表,而不需要更换整个系统。系统的分离使得能够更快地开发系统设计和架构。此外,由于能单独使用传感器节点104(诸如,当传感器节点由离体计算机设备108询问时,或者当传感器节点耦接到集线器102以进行持续监测时等),因此系统100对于关心不连贯监测和连续监测的用户而言涵盖了可穿戴感测技术的范围。根据一些实施例,一个或多个集线器102能够提供有以套件形式的2个或多个的传感器节点104,其中感测节点提供针对预定类别的损伤、小病或不适的感测模态。例如,检测温度的传感器节点(例如,热传感器)和检测物理运动的传感器节点(例如,加速度计和陀螺仪)能够包括在用于多发性硬化或帕金森病感测和检测的套件中。并且,例如,检测心率(例如,EKG、EMG、ECG和其他生物电势)以及物理运动(例如,加速度计和陀螺仪)的传感器节点能够包括在用于心脏病和中风感测和监测的套件中。
其他实施例在本发明的范围和精神内。例如,由于软件的性质,能够使用软件、硬件、固件、硬接线或这些中的任何组合来实现上述功能。特征实现功能也可以物理地位于各种位置,包括将特征实现功能分布成使功能的各部分在不同的物理位置处实现。
此外,虽然以上描述涉及本发明,但是该描述也可以包括一个以上的发明。
Claims (22)
1.一种可交换传感器系统,其包括:
集线器,其被配置成附接到用户的身体,并且选择性地耦接到一个或多个传感器节点,所述集线器进一步被配置成将电力和操作数据无线地传输到所述一个或多个传感器节点;以及
至少一个传感器节点,其被配置成附接到所述用户的身体并且被配置为选择性地耦接到所述集线器,并且被配置成无线地接收所述电力和所述操作数据,所述至少一个传感器节点包括至少一个传感器,所述至少一个传感器被配置成响应于从所述集线器传输的电力而生成传感器数据,所述至少一个传感器节点进一步被配置成将所述传感器数据无线地传输到所述集线器,用以处理、聚合所述传感器数据、和/或将所述传感器数据传输到离体计算机设备,
其中,所述至少一个传感器节点包括多个传感器节点,所述多个传感器节点中的每个传感器节点包括多个应用特定传感器中的具有不同感测模态的应用特定传感器,并且所述集线器被配置成按照一次一个的方式选择性地耦接到所述多个传感器节点中的传感器节点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述集线器包括集线器线圈,所述集线器线圈被配置成无线地传输所述电力和所述操作数据,并且所述至少一个传感器节点包括传感器节点线圈,所述传感器节点线圈被配置成接收所述电力和所述操作数据,并传输所述传感器数据。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述集线器和所述至少一个传感器被配置成使得当所述至少一个传感器节点耦接到所述集线器时使所述集线器线圈和所述传感器节点线圈协同定位。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中,当所述至少一个传感器节点耦接到所述集线器时,所述集线器线圈和传感器节点线圈是同心的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述集线器进一步包括电源,并且所述至少一个传感器节点生成所述传感器数据所需的所有电力由所述电源通过所述集线器线圈而提供。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其中,所述电力通过感应从所述集线器线圈传递到所述传感器节点线圈。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中,所述集线器进一步包括感应充电电路,所述感应充电电路被配置成基于外部电源而通过所述集线器线圈的感应对所述电源充电。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述至少一个传感器节点包括处理器,所述处理器被配置成处理所述电力和所述操作数据以执行一个或多个应用特定算法。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统,其中,所述处理器被配置成解调所述电力以获得所述操作数据。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述集线器包括存储器,所述存储器被配置成聚合来自所述至少一个传感器节点的所述传感器数据。
11.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述集线器包括处理器,并且所述处理器被配置成基于当前耦接到所述集线器的所述至少一个传感器节点来执行一个或多个应用特定算法。
12.一种获取传感器信息的方法,所述方法包括:
通过集线器将电力和操作数据传输到至少一个传感器节点,所述至少一个传感器节点耦接到所述集线器,并且所述集线器和所述至少一个传感器节点附接到用户的身体;
通过所述至少一个传感器节点接收由所述集线器传输的所述电力和所述操作数据;
通过所述至少一个传感器节点的至少一个传感器生成与所述身体相关联的传感器信息;
通过所述至少一个传感器节点将所述传感器信息传输到所述集线器;以及
通过所述集线器来聚合、处理、和/或分析从所述至少一个传感器节点接收到的所述传感器信息,
其中,所述电力、所述操作数据、或所述电力和所述操作数据的组合由所述集线器连续地、周期性地、或半周期性地传输到所述至少一个传感器节点,用以获取与所述身体相关联的所述传感器信息,
其中,在所述至少一个传感器节点耦接到所述集线器的情况下,仅所述电力被连续地传输到所述至少一个传感器节点,
在将所述传感器信息传输到所述集线器之前,所述至少一个传感器节点将所述传感器信息记录在机载存储器中;以及
在将所述传感器信息传输到所述集线器之前,所述至少一个传感器节点基于所述电力、所述操作数据、或所述电力和所述操作数据的组合来执行一个或多个特定位置算法,以处理和/或分析所述传感器信息。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,在所述至少一个传感器节点耦接到所述集线器的情况下,所述电力和所述操作数据被连续地传输到所述至少一个传感器节点。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,在所述至少一个传感器节点耦接到所述集线器的情况下,仅所述操作数据被连续地传输到所述至少一个传感器节点。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述集线器包括集线器线圈,并且所述至少一个传感器节点包括传感器节点线圈。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述集线器和所述至少一个传感器节点被配置成当所述至少一个传感器节点耦接到所述集线器时使所述集线器线圈和所述传感器节点线圈协同定位。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,当所述至少一个传感器节点耦接到所述集线器时,所述集线器线圈和所述传感器节点线圈是同心的。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,基于近场通信协议将所述电力和所述操作数据传送到所述至少一个传感器节点。
19.根据权利要求12所述的方法,进一步包括:
在传输所述电力和所述操作数据之前,通过所述集线器用所述操作数据来调制所述电力;以及
通过所述至少一个传感器节点将所述操作数据与所述电力解调以提取所述操作数据。
20.根据权利要求12所述的方法,进一步包括:
在所述集线器对所述传感器信息进行聚合、处理、和/或分析之后,所述集线器将所述传感器信息传输到离体计算机设备。
21.一种获取传感器信息的方法,所述方法包括:
在传输电力和操作数据之前,通过集线器用所述操作数据来调制所述电力;
通过所述集线器将所述电力和所述操作数据传输到至少一个传感器节点,所述至少一个传感器节点耦接到所述集线器,并且所述集线器和所述至少一个传感器节点附接到用户的身体;
通过所述至少一个传感器节点接收由所述集线器传输的所述电力和所述操作数据;
通过所述至少一个传感器节点将所述操作数据与所述电力解调以提取所述操作数据;
通过所述至少一个传感器节点的至少一个传感器生成与所述身体相关联的传感器信息;
通过所述至少一个传感器节点将所述传感器信息传输到所述集线器;以及
通过所述集线器来聚合、处理、和/或分析从所述至少一个传感器节点接收到的所述传感器信息,
其中,所述电力、所述操作数据、或所述电力和所述操作数据的组合由所述集线器连续地、周期性地、或半周期性地传输到所述至少一个传感器节点,用以获取与所述身体相关联的所述传感器信息。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其还包括:
在所述集线器对所述传感器信息进行聚合、处理、和/或分析之后,所述集线器将所述传感器信息传输到离体计算机设备。
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