WO2020114305A1 - 一种无源传感器、无源传感器系统以及工作方法 - Google Patents
一种无源传感器、无源传感器系统以及工作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- the invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a passive sensor, a passive sensor system and a working method.
- Sensors usually convert biological information into electrical signals (analog electrical signals or digital electrical signals) that are easy to measure and store in a special way, and transmit them to the corresponding terminals in a wireless communication manner.
- electrical signals analog electrical signals or digital electrical signals
- the energy consumed is also relatively large.
- Existing human sensors usually have a separate battery module to power the sensor. The battery module can generally maintain the power demand of the sensor for several years. When the battery is exhausted, the human sensor will be disassembled by surgery, recharged, and re-inserted into the body.
- the present invention proposes a passive sensor.
- the sensor structure can collect radio frequency energy from a specific radio frequency signal source, and the collected radio frequency energy is stored to provide for the normal operation of the sensor energy.
- This structure does not require a wired charging module, and realizes "wireless charging" of the human sensor, that is, the passiveness of the human sensor.
- the structure contains multiple groups of RF switch arrays, the purpose is to enable the sensor to switch to multiple modes when working, so as to achieve the multi-function of the sensor.
- the technical solution for solving the above problems of the present invention is: a passive sensor, and its special features are:
- the antenna module Including the antenna module, the first radio frequency switch array, the impedance matching network, the second radio frequency switch array, the data collection module, the energy collection module, the data transmission module, the energy storage unit, the single chip computer, the protection circuit module and the sensing module;
- the antenna module is connected or disconnected to one end of the impedance matching network through the first radio frequency switch array; the other end of the impedance matching network is respectively connected to one end of the data collection module, energy collection module, and data transmission module through the second radio frequency switch array Or disconnected; the other end of the data collection module, energy collection module, and data transmission module are respectively connected to the energy storage unit; the single chip microcomputer and the protection circuit module are respectively connected to the first radio frequency switch array, the second radio frequency switch array, the data collection module, and the data transmission Module, energy storage unit connection;
- the antenna module is used to collect radio frequency energy and perform data communication
- the impedance matching network is used to reduce the reflection of the radio frequency signal, which can increase the radio frequency energy collected by the system and also enhance the received data signal;
- the data collection module is used to extract the data carried in the radio frequency signal collected by the antenna (that is, "analog electrical signal” or “digital electrical signal”), and convert them into a digital signal that is easy to store and store in the single-chip microcomputer ;
- the energy collection module is used to convert the radio frequency electrical signal into a DC voltage, and the DC voltage charges the energy storage unit, thereby storing energy in the energy storage unit;
- the data transmission module is used to modulate the data to be transmitted into a high-frequency carrier to form a high-frequency analog signal; the high-frequency analog signal passes through the second switch array, the impedance matching network, and the first switch array to reach the antenna module. Send out
- the energy storage unit module is used to store the collected energy and supply energy to the entire passive sensor
- the single chip microcomputer is used to control the operation of the passive sensor; the protection circuit module is used to monitor and protect the entire passive sensor.
- the above antenna module is a radio frequency antenna.
- the above energy harvesting module includes an RF-DC rectifier, a filter circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit.
- the data transmission module includes a digital-to-analog converter.
- the above impedance matching network includes two parallel impedances of different impedance values, respectively impedance Z 1 and impedance Z 2 .
- the above energy storage unit is generally a super capacitor or a rechargeable battery.
- the present invention also proposes a passive sensor system, which is special in that:
- It also includes a user terminal that can communicate with the passive sensor module by sending out radio frequency signals.
- the invention also proposes a working method of a passive sensor system, which is special in that it includes an energy collection step and a data transmission step:
- the energy harvesting step includes:
- the single-chip microcomputer controls the operation of the first switch array to connect the antenna module to the impedance Z 1 ; the single-chip microcomputer controls the operation of the second switch array to connect the impedance Z 1 to the energy collection module;
- the user terminal sends out a radio frequency signal
- the antenna module converts the radio frequency signal into an analog signal after receiving the radio frequency signal from the user terminal;
- the analog signal passes through the first switch array, the impedance matching network and the second switch array to the energy collection module;
- the energy collection module rectifies, filters, and stabilizes the analog signal to form a DC voltage
- the DC voltage can charge the energy storage unit to store the collected energy in the energy storage unit;
- the data transmission step includes:
- the sensor module converts the physiological information detected in real time into digital signals and stores them in the single chip microcomputer;
- the single-chip microcomputer performs corresponding processing on the digital signal from the sensor module, and transmits the processed data to the data transmitting module;
- the data transmission module modulates the data from the single-chip microcomputer into a high-frequency analog signal
- the high-frequency analog signal reaches the antenna module after passing through the second switch array, impedance matching network, and first switch array, and is ready to be sent out;
- the antenna module sends the radio frequency signal to the user terminal
- the user terminal After collecting the radio frequency signal from the antenna, the user terminal analyzes the signal to obtain relevant information.
- a passive sensor of the present invention can collect radio frequency energy autonomously through a radio frequency energy collection unit provided by the sensor.
- the radio frequency energy can come from a specific radio frequency signal source, or from environmental radio frequency signals spread throughout the space.
- the structure does not require a wired charging module, which realizes the "wireless charging" of the human body sensor, that is, the passiveness of the human body sensor, eliminating the steps of removing the battery and recharging the traditional human body sensor, greatly increasing the safety of the human body sensor ;
- the passive sensor system of the present invention utilizes a user terminal to emit a radio frequency signal.
- the radio frequency signal carries energy and can be captured by an antenna module in the passive sensor and used for charging.
- the user terminal and the antenna module can also realize data communication;
- the working method of a passive sensor system of the present invention includes two major working modes: energy collection mode and data transmission mode.
- This method does not require the radio frequency signal source to contact the human body sensor, and the sensor embedded in the living body can be removed. Realizing the charging of the sensor is a big breakthrough compared to the existing technology. Since the power supply method is radio frequency power supply, the energy transmission distance will be relatively large, which can reach several meters, so it can also be applied. In the fields of wearable electronic devices, IoT sensors, etc.
- Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a passive sensor system of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a flow chart of data transmission in the operation of the passive sensor system of the present invention.
- a passive sensor includes an antenna module, a first radio frequency switch array, an impedance matching network, a second radio frequency switch array, a data collection module, an energy collection module, a data transmission module, an energy storage unit, a microcontroller, a protection circuit module, and a sensor Module.
- the antenna module is connected or disconnected to one end of the impedance matching network through the first radio frequency switch array; the other end of the impedance matching network is respectively connected to one end of the data collection module, energy collection module, and data transmission module through the second radio frequency switch array Or disconnected; the other end of the data collection module, energy collection module, and data transmission module are respectively connected to the energy storage unit; the single chip microcomputer and the protection circuit module are respectively connected to the first radio frequency switch array, the second radio frequency switch array, the data collection module, and the data transmission Module, energy storage unit connection.
- the first radio frequency switch array and the second radio frequency switch array are the radio frequency switch array A and the second radio frequency switch array B, respectively.
- the antenna module is used to collect radio frequency energy and perform data communication; the impedance matching network is used to reduce the reflection of radio frequency signals and increase the energy and data collected by the system; the data collection module is used to extract the radio frequency collected by the antenna
- the data carried in the signal (that is, "analog electrical signal” or "digital electrical signal") is converted into a digital signal for storage and stored in the single-chip microcomputer; the energy collection module is used to convert the radio frequency signal into DC voltage, which can charge the energy storage unit to store energy; the data transmission module is used to convert the data to be transmitted into a high-frequency analog signal; the high-frequency analog signal passes through the second switch array, impedance
- the matching network and the first switch array reach the antenna module and emit outward; the energy storage unit module is used to store the collected energy and supply energy to the entire passive sensor; the single-chip microcomputer is used to control the operation of the passive sensor ;
- the protection circuit module is used to monitor and protect the entire passive sensor.
- the module will issue a warning signal to remind the user.
- Each module corresponds to a specific working process. The modules work independently and can cooperate with each other to ensure that the entire passive sensor works smoothly, safely and efficiently.
- the above antenna module is a radio frequency antenna.
- the above energy harvesting module includes an RF-DC rectifier, a filter circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit.
- the data transmission module includes a digital-to-analog converter.
- the above impedance matching network includes two parallel impedances of different impedance values, respectively impedance Z 1 and impedance Z 2 .
- the impedance Z1 and the impedance Z2 are both conventional complex impedances.
- the values of the two must be inconsistent. In general, one is 50 ohms, the other is 0 ohms, or a combination of other values.
- the above energy storage unit is generally a super capacitor or a rechargeable battery.
- the present invention also provides a passive sensor system, including the above passive sensor;
- the user terminal also includes a user terminal, which is used to send a radio frequency signal for data communication with a passive sensor.
- the user terminal may be a computer, a mobile phone, a monitoring station, or the like.
- the present invention also proposes a working method of the above passive sensor system, including an energy collection step and a data transmission step:
- the energy harvesting step includes:
- the single-chip microcomputer controls the operation of the first switch array to connect the antenna module to the impedance Z 1 ; the single-chip microcomputer controls the operation of the second switch array to connect the impedance Z 1 to the energy collection module; that is, the switch array A will switch to the contact A1, the switch array B will switch to contact B2;
- the user terminal sends out a radio frequency signal
- the antenna module converts the radio frequency signal into an analog signal after receiving the radio frequency signal from the user terminal;
- the analog signal passes through the first switch array, the impedance matching network and the second switch array to the energy collection module;
- the energy collection module rectifies, filters, and stabilizes the analog signal to form a DC voltage
- the data transmission step includes:
- the sensing module converts the physiological information detected in real time into digital signals and transmits them to the single chip microcomputer;
- the single-chip microcomputer performs corresponding processing on the digital signal from the sensor module, and transmits the processed data to the data transmitting module; the corresponding processing is generally data storage, digital signal filtering, and so on.
- the data transmission module modulates the data to be transmitted into a high-frequency analog signal
- the high-frequency analog signal passes through the second switch array, the impedance matching network, and the first switch array, reaches the antenna module, and is emitted outward;
- the antenna module sends the radio frequency signal to the user terminal
- the user terminal After collecting the radio frequency signal from the antenna, the user terminal analyzes the signal to obtain relevant information.
- the protection circuit During the working process of the sensor (whether it is the energy collection process or the data transmission process), the protection circuit is always working. Once the protection circuit finds an abnormal condition, the MCU will guide the system to a specific state to stop the sensor system from all ongoing Operate and initialize.
- the MCU is a “single chip microcomputer” and has the function of controlling the entire sensor system.
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Abstract
一种无源传感器、无源传感器系统以及工作方法。其中一种无源传感器，包括天线模块、第一射频开关阵列（A）、阻抗匹配网络、第二射频开关阵列（B）、数据收集模块、能量收集模块、数据发射模块、能量存储单元、单片机、保护电路模块和传感模块。一种无源传感器系统，包括上述无源传感器和用户终端，用户终端用发出射频信号以及与无源传感器进行数据通信。通过传感器自带的射频能量收集单元，传感器能够自主地从环境中或者特定的射频能量源中收集射频能量，不需要有线充电模块，实现了人体传感器的"无线充电"，省去了人体传感器中的拆卸电池并重新充电的步骤，大大增加了人体传感器的安全性。
Description
本发明涉及传感器技术领域，特别涉及一种无源传感器、无源传感器系统以及工作方法。
现代医学研究应用了不少的生物体或人体植入传感器，这些传感器大多被植入到生物体或人体中，来对生物体或人体生理特征进行实时监测。这对于生物医疗、疾病检测、预防和诊断等领域的研究具有重要的意义。
传感器通常会用特殊的方式把生物信息转化成易于测量和储存的电信号(模拟电信号或数字电信号)，并以无线通信的方式向外传送至相对应的终端。有时由于传送的数据总量和数据速率较大，消耗的能量也比较大。现有的人体传感器通常拥有一个独立的电池模块给传感器供电。该电池模块一般能够维持传感器几年工作的电量需求，当电池的电消耗完，人体传感器就会通过手术的方式被拆卸出来，重新充电，并重新植入体内。
毫无疑问，这种把传感器拆卸下来进行充电的方法不但效率低而且很不方便，因此，研制一种更有效的供能方式，是当今科学界面临的一个重要难题。
发明内容
为解决上述背景技术中存在的问题，本发明提出一种无源传感器，该传感器结构能够从特定的射频信号源收集射频能量，收集到的射频能量被存储起来，用于给传感器的正常工作提供能量。该结构不需要有线充电模块，实现了人体传感器的“无线充电”，亦即人体传感器的无源化。该结构中包含了多组的射频开关阵列，目的是使传感器在工作的时候能够切换于多种模式中，从而实现传感器的多功能。
本发明解决上述问题的技术方案是：一种无源传感器，其特殊之处在于：
包括天线模块、第一射频开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络、第二射频开关阵列、 数据收集模块、能量收集模块、数据发射模块、能量存储单元、单片机、保护电路模块和传感模块；
所述天线模块通过第一射频开关阵列与阻抗匹配网络的一端进行连接或断开；阻抗匹配网络的另一端通过第二射频开关阵列分别与数据收集模块、能量收集模块、数据发射模块的一端连接或断开；数据收集模块、能量收集模块、数据发射模块的另一端分别与能量存储单元连接；单片机及保护电路模块分别与第一射频开关阵列、第二射频开关阵列、数据收集模块、数据发射模块、能量存储单元连接；
所述天线模块用于收集射频能量以及进行数据通信；
所述阻抗匹配网络用于减少射频信号的反射，这样能够增大系统收集到的射频能量，同时也能增强接收的数据信号；
所述数据收集模块用于提取天线收集到的射频信号中所携带的数据(亦即“模拟电信号”或者“数字电信号”)，把它们统一转换成便于存储的数字信号并存储到单片机中；
所述能量收集模块用于把射频电信号转换成直流电压，该直流电压会对能量存储单元进行充电，从而把能量存储在能量存储单元中；
所述数据发射模块用于把需要发射的数据调制到高频载波中，形成高频模拟信号；该高频模拟信号经过第二开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络和第一开关阵列后到达天线模块，准备向外发送；
所述能量存储单元模块用于存储收集到的能量，并给整个无源传感器供应能量；
所述单片机用于控制无源传感器的运行；保护电路模块用于对整个无源传感器进行监控和保护。
进一步地，上述天线模块是射频天线。
进一步地，上述能量收集模块包括射频-直流整流器、滤波电路和稳压电路。
进一步地，上述数据发射模块包括数模转换器。
进一步地，上述阻抗匹配网络包括两个并列的不同阻抗值的阻抗，分别为阻抗Z
1和阻抗Z
2。
进一步地，上述能量存储单元一般为超级电容器或者可再充电的电池。
另外，本发明还提出一种无源传感器系统，其特殊之处在于：
包括上述无源传感器；
还包括用户终端，所述用户终端能够通过发出射频信号与无源传感器模块进行通信。
本发明还提出一种无源传感器系统的工作方法，其特殊之处在于，包括能量收集步骤和数据传输步骤：
所述能量收集步骤包括：
1.1)判断无源传感器系统是否进入能量收集模式，若是，则执行第二步；若不是，则第一开关阵列和第二开关阵列均断开(即不接触任何触点)；
1.2)单片机控制第一开关阵列动作，使天线模块与阻抗Z
1连接；单片机控制第二开关阵列动作，使阻抗Z
1与能量收集模块连接；
1.3)用户终端发出射频信号；
1.4)天线模块接收用户终端发出的射频信号后，把射频信号转换成模拟信号；
1.5)模拟信号经过第一开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络以及第二开关阵列，到达能量收集模块；
1.6)能量收集模块将模拟信号进行整流、滤波、稳压后形成直流电压；
1.7)直流电压能够对能量存储单元进行充电，从而把收集到的能量存储到能量存储单元中；
所述数据传输步骤包括：
2.1)判断无源传感器系统是否满足数据传输条件，若是，则执行第二步；若不是，则第一开关阵列和第二开关阵列均断开(即不接触任何触点)；
2.2)传感器模块把实时探测的生理信息转换成数字信号并存储在单片机 中；
2.3)单片机对来自传感模块的数字信号进行相应的处理，并把处理后的数据传送至数据发射模块；
2.4)数据发射模块把来自单片机的数据调制到高频模拟信号中；
2.5)高频模拟信号经过第二开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络、第一开关阵列后到达天线模块，准备向外发送；
2.6)天线模块将射频信号发送至用户终端；
2.7)用户终端收集来自天线的射频信号后，对信号进行分析从而获取相关的信息。
本发明的优点：
本发明一种无源传感器，通过传感器自带的射频能量收集单元，传感器能够自主地收集射频能量，该射频能量能够来自于特定的射频信号源，或者来自于空间中遍布的环境射频信号，该结构不需要有线充电模块，实现了人体传感器的“无线充电”，亦即人体传感器的无源化，省去了传统人体传感器中的拆卸电池并重新充电的步骤，大大增加了人体传感器的安全性；
本发明一种无源传感器系统，利用用户终端发射射频信号，该射频信号携带能量，能够被无源传感器中的天线模块所捕获并用以充电。另外，用户终端和天线模块还可以实现数据通信；
本发明一种无源传感器系统的工作方法，包括两大工作模式：能量收集模式和数据传输模式，该方法无需射频信号源与人体传感器相接触，无需把已经嵌入到生物体内的传感器取出也能实现传感器的充电，这相对于现有的技术来说是一个很大的突破，该方法由于供能方式是射频供能，所以其能量传输距离会比较大，可以达到几米远，所以还能够应用在可穿戴电子设备、物联网传感器等领域。
图1是本发明无源传感器系统结构图；
图2是本发明无源传感器系统工作中的射频能量收集流程图；
图3是本发明无源传感器系统工作中的数据传输流程图。
为使本发明实施方式的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本发明一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施方式的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种无源传感器，包括天线模块、第一射频开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络、第二射频开关阵列、数据收集模块、能量收集模块、数据发射模块、能量存储单元、单片机、保护电路模块和传感模块。
所述天线模块通过第一射频开关阵列与阻抗匹配网络的一端进行连接或断开；阻抗匹配网络的另一端通过第二射频开关阵列分别与数据收集模块、能量收集模块、数据发射模块的一端连接或断开；数据收集模块、能量收集模块、数据发射模块的另一端分别与能量存储单元连接；单片机及保护电路模块分别与第一射频开关阵列、第二射频开关阵列、数据收集模块、数据发射模块、能量存储单元连接。第一射频开关阵列、第二射频开关阵列分别为射频开关阵列A、第二射频开关阵列B。
所述天线模块用于收集射频能量以及进行数据通信；所述阻抗匹配网络用于减少射频信号的反射、增大系统收集到的能量和数据；所述数据收集模块用于提取天线收集到的射频信号中所携带的数据(亦即“模拟电信号”或者“数字电信号”)，把它们统一转换成便于存储的数字信号并存储到单片机中；所述 能量收集模块用于把射频信号转换成直流电压，该直流电压能够对能量存储单元进行充电，从而把能量存储起来；所述数据发射模块用于把要传送的数据转换成高频模拟信号；高频模拟信号经过第二开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络和第一开关阵列后到达天线模块，向外发射；所述能量存储单元模块用于存储收集到的能量，并给整个无源传感器供应能量；所述单片机用于控制无源传感器的运行；保护电路模块用于对整个无源传感器进行监控和保护，若出现过压，过流，过温等状况，该模块会发出警告信号来提醒用户。每个模块对应于特定的工作过程，模块之间既独立工作，也能够相互协作，保证整个无源传感器的工作流畅、安全以及高效。
进一步地，上述天线模块是射频天线。
进一步地，上述能量收集模块包括射频-直流整流器、滤波电路和稳压电路。
进一步地，上述数据发射模块包括数模转换器。
进一步地，上述阻抗匹配网络包括两个并列的不同阻抗值的阻抗，分别为阻抗Z
1和阻抗Z
2。阻抗Z1和阻抗Z2都是常规的复阻抗，它们两个的值必须不一致，一般情况是一个是50欧姆，另一个是0欧姆，也可以是其他数值的组合。
进一步地，上述能量存储单元一般为超级电容器或可再充电的电池。
另外，参见图1，本发明还提出一种无源传感器系统，包括上述无源传感器；
还包括用户终端，所述用户终端用于发出射频信号与无源传感器进行数据通信。所述用户终端可以是电脑，手机，监测站等。
参见图2和图3，本发明还提出一种上述无源传感器系统的工作方法，包括能量收集步骤和数据传输步骤：
所述能量收集步骤包括：
1.1)通过单片机判断无源传感器系统是否进入能量收集模式，若是，则执行第二步；若不是，则第一开关阵列和第二开关阵列均断开(即不接触任何触点)；
1.2)单片机控制第一开关阵列动作，使天线模块与阻抗Z
1连接；单片机控 制第二开关阵列动作，使阻抗Z
1与能量收集模块连接；即开关阵列A会切换到触点A1，开关阵列B会切换到触点B2；
1.3)用户终端发出射频信号；
1.4)天线模块接收用户终端发出的射频信号后，把射频信号转换成模拟信号；
1.5)模拟信号经过第一开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络以及第二开关阵列，到达能量收集模块；
1.6)能量收集模块将模拟信号进行整流、滤波、稳压后形成直流电压；
1.7)直流电压所携带的能量存储到能量存储单元中；
所述数据传输步骤包括：
2.1)判断无源传感器系统是否满足数据传输条件(这个数据传输条件是由用户决定的，用户在设计整个传感器系统的时候，可以根据要实现的功能，来设计这个数据传输条件)，若是，则执行第二步；若不是，则第一开关阵列和第二开关阵列均断开(即不接触任何触点)；
2.2)传感模块把实时探测的生理信息转换成数字信号传输到单片机中；
2.3)单片机对来自传感模块的数字信号进行相应的处理，并把处理后的数据传送至数据发射模块；所述相应的处理一般是数据存储、数字信号滤波等等。
2.4)数据发射模块把需要发射的数据调制到高频模拟信号中；
2.5)高频模拟信号经过第二开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络、第一开关阵列后到达天线模块，向外发射；
2.6)天线模块将射频信号发送至用户终端；
2.7)用户终端收集来自天线的射频信号后，对信号进行分析从而获取相关的信息。
在传感器的工作过程中(无论是能量收集过程还是数据传输过程)保护电路始终都在工作，一旦保护电路发现异常状况，MCU会引导系统至到一个特定的状态，使传感器系统停止一切正在进行的操作并初始化。MCU为“单片机”， 具有控制整个传感器系统的功能。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的系统领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (8)
- 一种无源传感器，其特征在于：包括天线模块、第一射频开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络、第二射频开关阵列、数据收集模块、能量收集模块、数据发射模块、能量存储单元、单片机、保护电路模块和传感模块；所述天线模块通过第一射频开关阵列与阻抗匹配网络的一端进行连接或断开；阻抗匹配网络的另一端通过第二射频开关阵列分别与数据收集模块、能量收集模块、数据发射模块的一端连接或断开；数据收集模块、能量收集模块、数据发射模块的另一端分别与能量存储单元连接；单片机及保护电路模块分别与第一射频开关阵列、第二射频开关阵列、数据收集模块、数据发射模块、能量存储单元连接；所述天线模块用于收集射频能量以及进行数据通信；所述阻抗匹配网络用于减少射频信号的反射、增大系统收集到的能量和数据；所述数据收集模块用于把天线收集到的射频信号中所携带的模拟电信号或数字电信号转换成便于存储的数字信号，并把转换到的数字信号输入到单片机中；所述能量收集模块用于把射频信号转换成直流电压，并把直流电压所携带的能量存储到能量存储单元中；所述数据发射模块用于要发送的数据调制到高频模拟信号中；高频模拟信号经过第二开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络和第一开关阵列后到达天线模块，向外发送；所述能量存储单元模块用于存储收集到的能量，并给整个无源传感器供应能量；所述单片机用于控制无源传感器的运行；保护电路模块用于对整个无源传感器进行监控和保护。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种无源传感器，其特征在于：天线模块是射频天线。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种无源传感器，其特征在于：能量收集模块包括射频-直流整流器、滤波电路和稳压电路。
- 根据权利要求1至3任一所述的一种无源传感器，其特征在于：数据发射模块包括数模转换器。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种无源传感器，其特征在于：阻抗匹配网络包括两个并列的不同阻抗值的阻抗，分别为阻抗Z 1和阻抗Z 2。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种无源传感器，其特征在于：能量存储单元为超级电容器或者可再充的电池。
- 一种无源传感器系统，其特征在于：包括上述无源传感器；还包括用户终端，所述用户终端用于发出射频信号与无源传感器模块进行数据通信。
- 一种无源传感器系统的工作方法，其特征在于：包括能量收集步骤和数据传输步骤：所述能量收集步骤包括：1.1)判断无源传感器系统是否进入能量收集模式，若是，则执行第二步；若不是，则第一开关阵列和第二开关阵列均断开；1.2)单片机控制第一开关阵列动作，使天线模块与阻抗Z 1连接；单片机控制第二开关阵列动作，使阻抗Z 1与能量收集模块连接；1.3)用户终端发出射频信号；1.4)天线模块接收用户终端发出的射频信号后，把射频信号转换成模拟信号；1.5)模拟信号经过第一开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络以及第二开关阵列，到达能量收集模块；1.6)能量收集模块将模拟信号进行整流、滤波、稳压后形成直流电压；1.7)直流电压所携带的能量存储到能量存储单元中；所述数据传输步骤包括：2.1)判断无源传感器系统是否满足数据传输条件，若是，则执行第二步；若不是，则第一开关阵列和第二开关阵列均断开；2.2)传感模块把实时探测的生理信息转换成数字信号并存储在单片机中；2.3)单片机对来自传感模块的数字信号进行相应的处理，并把处理后的数据传送至数据发射模块；2.4)数据发射模块把要发送的数据调制到高频模拟信号中；2.5)高频模拟信号经过第二开关阵列、阻抗匹配网络、第一开关阵列后到达天线模块，向外发送；2.6)天线模块将射频信号发送至用户终端；2.7)用户终端收集来自天线的射频信号后，对信号进行分析，并获取相关的信息。
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