CN108138434A - 合成树脂皮革及其制造方法 - Google Patents
合成树脂皮革及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108138434A CN108138434A CN201680058045.1A CN201680058045A CN108138434A CN 108138434 A CN108138434 A CN 108138434A CN 201680058045 A CN201680058045 A CN 201680058045A CN 108138434 A CN108138434 A CN 108138434A
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- polyurethane
- envelope
- synthetic resin
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Classifications
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- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
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- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/22—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using plasticisers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/283—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysiloxanes
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- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
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- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
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Abstract
本发明提供一种除了高挠性或良好的强度以外,还具有针对反复经受的摩擦现象的耐磨性和针对人体接触的耐化学性的合成树脂皮革。将用碳二亚胺使聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯与聚酯系聚氨酯的混合物交联而成的表面处理剂涂布于以氯乙烯树脂为主成分的被膜(1)的表面侧来形成弯曲性及耐磨性和耐油酸性优异的表面处理层(1a)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有以PVC等氯乙烯树脂为主成分的被膜的合成树脂皮革及其制造方法。
背景技术
以往,作为这种合成树脂皮革,有使用于坐垫材料等的合成树脂皮革,在所述使用于坐垫材料等的合成树脂皮革中,由氯乙烯树脂等构成的合成树脂层与基布经由粘接剂接合,在所述合成树脂层的表面,为了保护合成树脂层的表面及保持合成树脂层的强度,且具备合成树脂层的触感而形成表皮层,且在表皮层的表面适当实施压花图案或印刷图案来与合成树脂层层压,或者在层压之后实施了压花图案或印刷图案(例如,参考专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平09-228258号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的技术课题
如现有技术那样的具有以氯乙烯树脂为主成分的被膜的合成树脂皮革是以高弯曲性或柔软性等挠性为目标而研发的,在这方面有与具有坚固的被膜的合成皮革完全不同的发展过程。
前述的专利文献1的现有技术中,虽然除了弯曲性或柔软性等挠性以外,还提高了表面耐划伤性或撕裂强度等强度方面的功能,但存在针对使用者的皮肤或衣物等其他部件与所述表皮层的表面接触而反复摩擦的现象,无法得到充分的耐磨性或耐化学性的问题。
详细而言,当将合成树脂皮革应用于车辆座椅的上下车侧等时,除了弯曲性或柔软性等挠性以外,还要求充分的耐磨性。尤其,由于在所述表皮层的表面形成所述压花图案或所述印刷图案等凹凸图案,因此该凹凸图案的凸状部分因反复摩擦而产生剥离等,作为座椅用材料而未达到平衡良好的耐久必要条件。
而且,在车辆座椅、椅子或沙发等中,经常发生人体的皮脂或汗水、保湿用乳液等的粘附,因此作为用于与人体直接或间接接触的情况多的位置的合成树脂皮革的性质,还要求针对在皮脂、汗水及保湿用乳液等中大量含有的油酸等高级脂肪酸类的耐化学性。
用于解决技术课题的手段
为了解决这种问题,基于本发明的合成树脂皮革及其制造方法至少具备以下技术方案所涉及的结构。
1.一种合成树脂皮革,其在以氯乙烯树脂为主成分的被膜的表面侧形成表面处理层,所述合成树脂皮革的特征在于,
所述表面处理层是通过涂布用含有碳二亚胺基的交联剂使聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯与聚酯系聚氨酯的混合物交联所得到的表面处理剂而形成的。
5.一种合成树脂皮革的制造方法,其特征在于,包括:
被膜成型工序,使以氯乙烯树脂为主成分的被膜成型;
表面处理工序,对已成型的所述被膜的表面涂布表面处理剂来形成表面处理层,所述表面处理剂是用含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂使聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯与聚酯系聚氨酯的混合物交联而成的,或者是用所述含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂及异氰酸酯系交联剂使聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯与聚酯系聚氨酯的混合物交联而成的;及
基材粘接工序,将基材粘接于所述被膜的背面侧。
附图说明
图1为表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的合成树脂皮革的总体结构的说明图(局部放大剖视图)。
图2为表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的合成树脂皮革的变形例的说明图(局部放大剖视图)。
图3为表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的合成树脂皮革的变形例的说明图(局部放大剖视图)。
具体实施方式
以下,根据附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。
如图1~图3所示,在本发明的实施方式所涉及的合成树脂皮革A中,在被膜1的表面侧形成有表面处理层1a。
被膜1是以软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)等氯乙烯树脂为主成分的薄膜层。
在成为被膜1的层为混合树脂成分时,含有50%以上的氯乙烯树脂的成分,或者当成为被膜1的层含有多种树脂成分时,其中占有率最高的成分为氯乙烯树脂。基本上,与前述的现有技术相同,该被膜1通过氯乙烯树脂与其他树脂成分的混合树脂而具备高弯曲性或柔软性等挠性和良好的强度。
被膜1形成为在内部无气泡的非发泡层11,或者形成为具有因发泡剂的混入而在内部生成有气泡的发泡层12。
而且,在被膜1的背面侧设置后述的基材2。关于被膜1与基材2,在这两者之间设置后述的粘接层3并使这两者间接地粘接而成为一体,或者使被膜1与基材2以这两者直接接触的方式粘接而成为一体。
作为基材2,使用针织物、机织物、无纺布等布或与其类似的材料。其中,从赋予皮革样性的方面考虑,优选使用针织物、例如平针织、平滑针织等平织物。
尤其,优选例如使用了通过卷曲加工等而赋予伸缩性的线的针织布。而且,由于聚酯较硬,因此为仅由聚酯构成的针织布时,优选使用通过卷曲加工提高了伸缩性的针织布。
并且,为机织物或无纺布时,作为构成机织物的线及构成无纺布的短纤维(staple),重要的是使用例如通过卷曲加工等而赋予伸缩特性的材料,或者使用在由短纤维制作线时实施了赋予弹性的加工的线等而使成为基材2的布具有柔软性。
本发明的实施方式所涉及的合成树脂皮革A的具体例为图1所示的合成树脂皮革A1时,被膜1由非发泡层11构成,在非发泡层11的表面层叠形成表面处理层1a,且在非发泡层11的背面经由粘接层3而粘接有基材2。
为图2所示的合成树脂皮革A2时,被膜1由非发泡层11和层叠形成在非发泡层11的背面侧的发泡层12构成,在非发泡层11的表面层叠形成表面处理层1a,且在发泡层12的背面经由粘接层3而粘接有基材2。
另外,作为形成粘接层3的粘接剂,使用热熔粘接剂、丙烯酸系粘接剂、双组分型聚氨酯粘接剂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物系乳液、聚氯乙烯浆料等。优选不阻碍合成树脂皮革的柔软性的双组分型聚氨酯粘接剂。粘接层3可以涂布于基材2侧,也可以涂布于被膜1侧。
为图3所示的合成树脂皮革A3时,被膜1由非发泡层11和层叠形成在非发泡层11的背面侧的发泡层12构成,在非发泡层11的表面层叠形成表面处理层1a,且在发泡层12的背面使被膜1与基材2直接粘接成一体而不使用粘接层3。
如图3所示的合成树脂皮革A3那样,构成与基材2直接接触而固定的发泡层12的材料为软质聚氯乙烯,尤其优选使用发泡聚氯乙烯。
作为使用于软质聚氯乙烯的氯乙烯系树脂,可以单独使用氯乙烯,或分别单独使用或同时使用两种以上的氯乙烯与其他单体、或者例如与乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯、丙烯、马来酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯、高级乙烯醚等的共聚物、除此以外在通常的聚氯乙烯皮革中所使用的氯乙烯系聚合物或共聚物等。
而且,可以在成为被膜1的软质聚氯乙烯中添加增塑剂、热稳定剂、填充剂或根据需要添加发泡剂等,除此以外,还可以掺合颜料、抗静电剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、抗老化剂等通常的聚氯乙烯皮革中通常使用的各种添加剂。
作为用于将氯乙烯系树脂软化的增塑剂,可列举以邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(D INP)、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二癸酯(DUP)等为代表的通常的邻苯二甲酸酯系增塑剂、以己二酸二辛酯(DOA)、癸二酸二辛酯(DO S)、壬二酸二辛酯(DOZ)等为代表的通常的脂肪酸酯系增塑剂、以偏苯三酸三辛酯(TOTM)等为代表的偏苯三酸酯系增塑剂、以磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、磷酸三(二甲苯)酯(TXP)等为代表的三芳基磷酸酯系增塑剂、以环氧大豆油等为代表的环氧系增塑剂、以聚丙烯己二酸酯等为代表的聚酯系增塑剂等高分子增塑剂、氯化石蜡等通常的增塑剂,这些可以分别使用一种或组合使用两种以上。
作为所述热稳定剂,例如可列举硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸锌、月桂酸钙、月桂酸钡、月桂酸锌等金属皂、苯酚或萘酚的钠、锌、钡等金属盐、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二马来酸二丁基锡等有机锡化合物、亚磷酸二乙酯、亚磷酸二丁酯、亚磷酸二辛酯、亚磷酸二苯基异癸酯、亚磷酸三甲苯酯、亚磷酸三苯酯、三(壬基苯基)亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸三异辛酯等亚磷酸酯类等。
作为所述填充剂,优选使用无机填充剂。
作为无机填充剂的具体例,例如可列举沉淀碳酸钙、重质碳酸钙、超细碳酸钙等碳酸钙或碳酸镁、或者二氧化硅、滑石、硅藻土、粘土、云母等硅酸盐、氢氧化铝、氧化铝等。
作为所述发泡剂,优选使用有机系发泡剂。
作为有机系发泡剂的具体例,例如可列举偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、苯磺酰肼、对甲苯磺酰肼、p,p'-氧代双(苯磺酰肼)、二亚硝基戊烷四胺、N,N'-二亚硝基-N,N'-二甲基对苯二甲酰胺、三肼三胺等。这些有机发泡剂可以使用一种或组合使用两种以上。
发泡倍率优选为1.5~7倍,优选为2~5倍左右。若发泡过大,则无法形成稳定的泡孔,作为皮革的质地变差,且强度也降低,因此不优选。
并且,被膜1优选为氯乙烯树脂与化学式1所示的有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物的混合树脂层。
[化学式1]
该有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物是指,使在末端具有自由基聚合性基团的聚有机硅氧烷与(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚而成的共聚物的粒子(粉末),聚有机硅氧烷与(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚比例优选为60~90:10~40。聚合通过乳液聚合等进行。分子量为100000~500000,优选为150000~400000。
所述粒子的大小为5~400μm,粒子的形状为无规则形或球形。尤其适合的是平均粒径5~20μm的球形粒子。
将该有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物的混合比设为相对于100重量份的氯乙烯树脂(软质聚氯乙烯)为2~14重量份,优选为2.5~10重量份。
当有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物的含量小于1.5重量份时,无法改善耐磨性。并且,若含量大于15重量份,则被膜1的弯曲性会变差。
形成于被膜1的表面侧的表面处理层1a为通过涂布表面处理剂而形成的耐久水性处理层,所述表面处理剂是将聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯与聚酯系聚氨酯进行混合,并用碳二亚胺交联而成的。
即,涂布于被膜1的表面的表面处理剂是用含有碳二亚胺基的交联剂将聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯与聚酯系聚氨酯的混合物交联而成的。
作为交联剂,优选仅使用含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂,或者组合使用含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂与异氰酸酯系交联剂。
作为聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯,优选使用化学式2所示的水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯。分子量为70000以上,优选为70000~140000。
[化学式2]
尤其,作为水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯,使用阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂的树脂骨架具有聚碳酸酯的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯等。
作为该水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯的具体例,可列举Stahl公司制WD78-143等。
作为聚酯系聚氨酯,优选使用化学式3所示的水性聚酯系聚氨酯。分子量为70000以上,优选为70000~140000。
[化学式3]
作为该水性聚酯系聚氨酯的具体例,可列举Stahl公司制WD78-253/PES等。
作为含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂,优选使用化学式4所示的脂肪族系含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂。
[化学式4]
R1-N=C=N-R2
作为该脂肪族系含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂的具体例,可列举Stahl公司制XR13-621等。
作为异氰酸酯系交联剂,优选使用化学式5所示的脂肪族系交联剂或脂环族系交联剂等。
[化学式5]
R1-N=C=O
作为该异氰酸酯系交联剂的具体例,可列举Stahl公司制XR28-404等。
关于所述阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂,具体而言,使有机聚异氰酸酯(A)、多元醇(B)、在分子中具有羧基或磺酸基的多元醇(C)(并且根据需要使3官能的扩链剂)反应而作为预聚物,进而加入到掺合有中和剂(根据需要掺合有乳化剂)的水中而进行水分散,并通过扩链的方法等公知的方法制造。
可与所述阴离子基团反应而得到的化合物还可以在制造所述水性聚氨酯树脂组合物的任意阶段进行掺合。例如可以在聚氨酯预聚物的阶段进行掺合,也可以在阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂中掺合。
作为为了制造所述阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂而使用的所述有机聚异氰酸酯(A),可列举脂肪族、脂环式及芳香族聚异氰酸酯,具体而言,可列举四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚环己基二异氰酸酯、1,4-亚环己基二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,2'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚苯基聚亚甲基聚异氰酸酯、间亚苯基二异氰酸酯、对亚苯基二异氰酸酯、苯二甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲氧基-4,4'-亚联苯基二异氰酸酯,1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、1,5-四氢萘二异氰酸酯等。
所述有机聚异氰酸酯(A)以相对于所述多元醇(B)、具有羧基或磺酸基的多元醇(C)及扩链剂的活性氢的合计优选成为0.5~2倍当量,更优选成为0.8~1.5倍当量的方式使用。在该异氰酸酯的使用量小于0.5倍当量的情况下,分子量变得过小,并且在比2倍当量多的情况下,加入水时生成大量的脲键,从而有可能降低其特性。
作为用于所述阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂的所述多元醇化合物(B),可列举常规的聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇等,这些可以单独使用或同时使用多种。根据水解性、耐化学性、耐磨性、弯曲性、老化性等的性能平衡,优选聚碳酸酯多元醇。
作为所述聚碳酸酯多元醇,例如可列举作为己二酸、邻苯二甲酸等二元酸与乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇等甘醇的缩合反应物的聚酯系多元醇;作为碳酸乙烯酯等碳酸盐与甘醇的反应物的聚碳酸酯多元醇。
作为所述聚酯多元醇,例如可列举作为乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、六亚甲基二醇、3-甲基戊二醇、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、己三醇、甘油、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、氢化双酚A等或具有2个以上的它们的活性氢的低分子量多元醇、由环氧烷的加成物构成的多元醇、以及琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、癸二酸、二聚酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、内亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸等多元酸或碳酸的缩聚物的聚酯多元醇。
所述高分子量多元醇的平均分子量为7万以上,优选为7万~14万,若使用分子量小于5万的多元醇,则延伸变小,因此不优选。并且,若使用分子量大于15万的多元醇,则所得到的阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂的粘度变高而在操作上会发生问题。
并且,作为具有所述羧基或磺酸基的多元醇(C),例如可列举2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、2,2-二羟甲基丁酸、2,2-二羟甲基戊酸、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸等。这些具有羧基或磺酸基的多元醇(C)的使用量根据所使用的多元醇及聚异氰酸酯的种类而不同,通常相对于构成阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂的所有的反应成分使用0.5~50质量%,优选使用1~30质量%。多元醇(C)的使用量小于0.5质量%时保存稳定性差,并且若使用大于50质量%的多元醇(C),则有时会给特性带来不良影响。
并且,作为对所述预聚物进行中和的中和剂,可列举氨、三甲胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、三丁胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺等有机胺、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氨等无机碱,这些可以使用足以对羧基或磺酸基进行中和的量。
并且,作为所述乳化剂,可以使用用于水分散性聚氨酯树脂的公知的通常的阴离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂、阳离子型表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、高分子表面活性剂、反应性表面活性剂等。这些中,阴离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂或阳离子型表面活性剂的成本低,且可得到良好的乳化,因此优选。
并且,为了制造所述阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂,可以使用扩链剂。作为该扩链剂,使用通常所使用的扩链剂,例如可列举平均分子量小于200的低分子量多元醇化合物及低分子聚胺化合物。
作为所述扩链剂,例如可列举乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、3-甲基戊二醇、二羟甲基丙酸、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇等多元醇类、乙二胺、丙二胺、六亚甲基二胺、甲苯二胺、苯二甲胺、二氨基二苯胺、二氨基环己基甲烷、哌嗪、2-甲基哌嗪、异佛尔酮二胺、三聚氰胺、琥珀酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼、邻苯二甲酸二酰肼等胺类及水等。这些扩链剂可以单独使用或组合使用多种,并且其使用量虽然也根据作为目标物的阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂的分子量而不同,但通常使用0.1~2倍当量的与预聚物中的NCO反应的活性氢,优选使用0.5~0.9倍当量。扩链剂的活性氢小于0.1倍当量时分子量变得过小,若使用大于2倍当量的扩链剂,则未反应的扩链剂会残留,从而有可能导致所得到的产品的物性降低。并且,所述扩链剂中,尤其是如果使用一部分的3官能以上的低分子多元醇或低分子聚胺,则有时还可得到膜物性优异的阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂。
并且,为了制造所述预聚物而根据需要使用溶剂。所使用的溶剂优选对反应呈惰性且与水的亲和性大的溶剂,例如可以列举丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二恶烷、四氢呋喃、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮等。这些溶剂通常相对于用于制造预聚物的所述原料的合计量,优选使用3~100质量%。在这些溶剂中,优选在预聚物合成后减压蒸馏去除沸点100℃以下的溶剂。
如前述,由这些原料制造阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂是众所周知的,且还能够适当变更这些原料的投入顺序,或者分批投入。
如此得到的阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂通常以树脂固体成分相对于所有的乳液成为20~80质量%,优选成为25~55质量%的方式进行制备。树脂固体成分小于20质量%时,所得到的膜的物性降低,干燥时间变长,且还无法得到充分的机械强度,若大于80质量%,则树脂的粘度变高,且无法得到均匀的膜。
以提高耐水性为目的,所述水性聚氨酯树脂组合物通过可与阴离子基团(具体而言,羧基或磺酸基)反应的化合物对阴离子型水性聚氨酯树脂的阴离子基团的至少一部分进行封端。作为可与阴离子基团反应的化合物(以下,称为封端剂),具体而言,可列举碳二亚胺系化合物、恶唑啉系化合物、环氧系化合物及氮丙啶系化合物等。这些中,尤其优选使用易与阴离子基团反应的碳二亚胺系化合物。
所述碳二亚胺系化合物是指,适宜地使用在存在如磷杂环戊烯化合物、金属羰基络合物化合物及磷酸酯等促进碳二亚胺化的催化剂的条件下使有机二异氰酸酯反应而得到的化合物。具体而言,可列举二丙基碳二亚胺、二己基碳二亚胺、二环己基碳二亚胺、二对甲基苯甲酰基碳二亚胺及三异丙基苯基碳二亚胺等,优选使用具有亲水性的水性碳二亚胺化合物。
而且,优选将涂布于被膜1的表面的表面处理剂的混合比设定为,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯),聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)为15~55重量份,优选为20~50重量份。
当聚酯系聚氨酯的含量小于10重量份时,会受到增塑剂的影响而无法改善油酸的耐化学性。并且,若含量大于60重量份,则无法充分满足耐磨性。
作为添加于所述表面处理剂的含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂,优选将碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)的添加量设定为,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯,碳二亚胺为3~12重量份,优选为4~8重量份。
当碳二亚胺的含量小于2重量份时,无法改善耐磨性和油酸的耐化学性。并且,若含量大于13重量份,则弯曲时在表层中产生裂纹。
作为与所述含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂同时使用的异氰酸酯系交联剂,优选将异氰酸酯(脂肪族系异氰酸酯)的添加量设定为,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯,异氰酸酯为0~8重量份。
若异氰酸酯的含量大于9重量份,则弯曲时在表层中产生裂纹。
对本发明的实施方式所涉及的合成树脂皮革A的制造方法进行说明,其包括:被膜成型工序,使以氯乙烯树脂为主成分的被膜1成型;基材粘接工序,将基材2粘接于被膜1的背面侧;及表面处理工序,对已成型的被膜1的表面涂布表面处理剂来形成表面处理层1a,所述表面处理剂是用含碳二亚胺基(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)的水性交联剂将聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)与聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)的混合物交联而成的。
被膜成型工序通过压延成型、挤出成型等使以氯乙烯树脂为主成分的被膜1成型。
基材粘接工序中,如图1或图2所示,将粘接剂涂布于被膜1的背面侧或基材2的一面侧,用粘接层3间接地粘接被膜1与基材2,或者如图3所示,直接将被膜1与基材2粘接成一体而不使用粘接层3。
表面处理工序中,将水性表面处理剂涂布于已成型的被膜1的表面,经干燥处理而形成表面处理层1a。表面处理剂的涂布可以利用凹版直接印刷法、凹版胶版印刷法、丝网印刷法等通常的印刷法或凹版涂布法、辊涂法、逗号涂布法等涂布法进行。
对已实施表面处理的带基材2的被膜1,根据需要进行发泡工序或挤压工序。由此,在被膜1的表面及表面处理层1a形成压花图案等具有凸状部分4a及凹状部分4b的凹凸图案4。
根据这种本发明的实施方式所涉及的合成树脂皮革A及其制造方法,将用碳二亚胺交联聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯与聚酯系聚氨酯的混合物而成的表面处理剂涂布于以氯乙烯树脂为主成分的被膜1的表面侧,由此形成弯曲性及耐磨性与耐油酸性优异的表面处理层1a。
从而,能够提供除了高挠性或良好的强度以外,还具有针对反复经受的摩擦现象的耐磨性和针对人体的接触的耐化学性(耐油酸性)的合成树脂皮革。
其结果,与表皮层的凸状部分因反复被摩擦而剥离且针对人体的皮脂或汗水和保湿用乳液等的粘附而耐化学性差的现有的合成树脂皮革相比,使用者的皮肤或衣物等其他部件长期与表面处理层接触而反复摩擦也不会产生剥离,且能够维持充分的耐磨性的同时能够维持针对在皮脂或汗水或保湿用乳液等中大量含有的油酸等高级脂肪酸类的耐化学性。
尤其,优选将交联剂设为同时使用含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂与异氰酸酯系交联剂。
该情况下,保持表面处理层1a的耐冷弯曲性的同时,表面处理层1a的耐磨性得以提高。
从而,能够加强表面处理层1a。
其结果,可实现耐久性的提高。
实施例
以下,对本发明的实施例进行说明。
[实施例1~12及比较例1~8]
将表1所示的实施例1~12和表2所示的比较例1~8中所记载的成分按各自的比例进行掺合,并通过压延成型而成型为厚度0.3mm的非发泡层11和厚度0.6mm的发泡层12。将这些非发泡层11及发泡层12与基材2(对用聚酯100%的83T卷曲丝编织的毛绒针织布涂布双组分型聚氨酯粘接剂而成)重叠、加热并使其发泡之后用挤压辊和橡胶辊加压,由此在进行挤压的同时,发泡层12与基材2粘接而得到了图3所示的带凹凸图案4的合成树脂皮革A(A3)。
详细而言,被膜1的非发泡层11是相对于100重量份的软质聚氯乙烯(聚合度1100的净树脂),掺合合计80重量份的增塑剂(邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯:DIDP)、增塑剂(环氧大豆油)、热稳定剂(钡-锌系混合稳定剂)、填充剂(碳酸钙)、阻燃剂(三氧化二锑)及颜料等而成型为0.3mm的厚度。
被膜1的发泡层12是相对于100重量份的聚氯乙烯(聚合度1100的净树脂),掺合75重量份的增塑剂(邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯:DIDP)、2重量份的增塑剂(环氧大豆油)、3重量份的热稳定剂(钡-锌系混合稳定剂)、5重量份的填充剂(碳酸钙)、15重量份的阻燃剂(三氧化二锑)、5重量份的发泡剂(偶氮二甲酰胺)及若干量的颜料而成型为发泡前的厚度为0.25mm,发泡后的厚度为0.6mm。
并且,在被膜1中,至少在非发泡层11中,作为磨损改良剂而掺合有所述有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物。
而且,在实施例1~12及比较例1~8中,对被膜1的表面以20μm的膜厚涂布表面处理剂而形成了表面处理层1a,所述表面处理剂是将作为聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯的化学式2所示的水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(Stahl公司制WD78-143)
[化学式2]
与作为聚酯系聚氨酯的化学式3所示的水性聚酯系聚氨酯(Stahl公司制WD78-253/PES)
[化学式3]
的混合物,用作为含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂的化学式4所示的含有脂肪族系碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂(Stahl公司制XR13-621)
[化学式4]
R1-N=C=N-R2
交联而成的。
尤其,在实施例5、6、10、12及比较例8中,同时使用脂肪族系含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂与作为异氰酸酯系交联剂的化学式5所示的脂肪族系交联剂(Stahl公司制XR28-404)
[化学式5]
R1-N=C=O
而交联。
并且,在实施例2、4~12及比较例3~8中,在被膜1的非发泡层11中,相对于100重量份的聚氯乙烯(聚合度1100的净树脂)添加了5重量份的化学式1所示的有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物(有机硅的重量比率70%、分子量250000),
[化学式1]
且设为相同的结构。
在实施例1~3、5、6、9~12及比较例1、2、6~8中,在表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加了30重量份的聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯),且设为相同的结构。
在实施例1~8及比较例1~5、8中,在表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加了4重量份的碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺),且设为相同的结构。
在实施例1的被膜1(非发泡层11)中,相对于100重量份的聚氯乙烯(聚合度1100的净树脂)添加了2.5重量份的有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物。
在实施例3的被膜1(非发泡层11)中,相对于100重量份的聚氯乙烯(聚合度1100的净树脂)添加了10重量份的有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物。
在实施例4的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加了20重量份的聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)。
在实施例7的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加了40重量份的聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)。
在实施例8的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加了50重量份的聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)。
在实施例9、10的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加了8重量份的碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)。
在实施例11、12的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加了12重量份的碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)。
在实施例5、10、12的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加了4重量份的异氰酸酯系交联剂(脂肪族系交联剂)。
在实施例6的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加了8重量份的异氰酸酯系交联剂(脂肪族系交联剂)。
另一方面,比较例1中,不同点在于,在被膜1(非发泡层11)中,有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物相对于氯乙烯树脂的混合量比实施例1少。
详细而言,在比较例1的被膜1(非发泡层11)中,相对于100重量份的聚氯乙烯(聚合度1100的净树脂)添加了1.5重量份的有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物。
比较例2中,不同点在于,在被膜1(非发泡层11)中,有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物相对于氯乙烯树脂的混合量比实施例3多。
详细而言,在比较例2的被膜1(非发泡层11)中,相对于100重量份的聚氯乙烯(聚合度1100的净树脂)添加了15重量份的有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物。
比较例3、4中,不同点在于,在表面处理层1a中,聚酯系聚氨酯相对于聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)的混合量比实施例4少。
详细而言,在比较例3的表面处理层1a中,未添加聚酯系聚氨酯,在比较例4的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯添加了10重量份的聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)。
比较例5中,不同点在于,在表面处理层1a中,聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)相对于聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)的混合量比实施例6多。
详细而言,在比较例5的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯添加了60重量份的聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)。
比较例6中,不同点在于,在表面处理层1a中,碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)相对于聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)的混合量比实施例2少。
详细而言,在比较例6的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯添加了2重量份的碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)。
比较例7中,不同点在于,在表面处理层1a中,碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)相对于聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)的混合量比实施例11多。
详细而言,在比较例7的表面处理层1a中,相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加了13重量份的碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)。
比较例8中,不同点在于,在表面处理层1a中,异氰酸酯(脂肪族系异氰酸酯)相对于碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)的混合量比实施例6多。
详细而言,在比较例8的表面处理层1a中,相对于4重量份的碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)添加了9重量份的异氰酸酯(脂肪族系异氰酸酯)。
表1及表2所示的评价结果(耐冷弯曲性、耐磨性(1)、耐磨性(2)、耐化学性、加工性)基于以下指标。
“耐冷弯曲性”的评价使用德墨西亚弯曲试验机,以依照JIS K6260的一定的冲程对试验片(70mm×40mm)赋予反复弯曲的负载,并分三个阶段评价了在-10℃×30000次的反复弯曲中有无裂纹。在该“耐冷弯曲性”的评价结果中,评价为如下,○:在40000次的反复弯曲中,被膜1中无裂纹,△:在30000次的反复弯曲中,被膜1中无裂纹,×:在25000次的反复弯曲中,被膜1中有裂纹。
“耐磨性(1)”的评价使用在JIS L0823(色牢度试验用摩擦试验机)中规定的学振型摩擦试验机,以荷载1kg实施基于JIS L3102的6号棉帆布的摩擦试验,并分六个阶段评价了30000次往复中有无磨损。作为试验片,使用贴合了宽10mm且长3mm的聚氨酯泡沫的试验片。
在该“耐磨性(1)”的评价结果中,评价为如下,◎++:即使在40000次以上的往复中,被膜1的处理层中也无刮擦,◎+:即使在35000次的往复中,被膜1的处理层中也无刮擦,◎:在30000次往复中,被膜1的处理层中无刮擦,○:在30000次往复中,发现处理层的刮擦,△:在20000次往复中,发现处理层的刮擦,×:在20000次往复中,存在被膜1的破裂。
“耐磨性(2)”的评价中,与“耐磨性(1)”的评价相同,使用在JIS L0823(色牢度试验用摩擦试验机)中规定的学振型摩擦试验机,以荷载1kg实施基于JIS L3102的6号棉帆布的摩擦试验,使用宽25mm且长70mm的试验片并根据10000次往复时的被膜1的刮擦量分六个阶段进行了评价。
在该“耐摩擦性(2)”的评价结果中,评价为如下,◎++:刮擦量为0.010g以下,◎+:0.010~0.015g,◎:0.015~0.02g,○:0.02~0.025g,△:0.025~0.03g,×:0.03g以上。
“耐化学性”的评价中,在提取成任意尺寸的试验片上重叠4张滤纸,并滴加了1.2mL的油酸。用铝箔将其密封,在80℃环境下放置24小时之后取出,以敲击的方式擦拭表面,用肉眼观察试验片的浮起、破裂、表面处理层的剥离,并分四个阶段进行了评价。
在该“耐化学性”的评价结果中,评价为如下,◎:表面处理层1a完全未被剥离,○:表面处理层1a几乎未被剥离,△:表面处理层1a的一部分被剥离,×:表面处理层1a的大部分被剥离。
“加工性”的评价中,分三个阶段评价了在150℃的辊温度下进行的压延加工。
在该“加工性”的评价结果中,评价为如下,○:能够良好地进行压延加工,△:勉强能够进行压延加工,×:由于润滑性过高而无法进行压延加工。
[表1]
[表2]
[评价结果]
对实施例1~12与比较例1~8进行比较,实施例1~12在耐冷弯曲性、耐磨性(1)、耐磨性(2)、耐化学性、加工性等所有的方面得到良好的评价结果。
从该评价结果中明确可知,实施例1~12中,即使使用者的皮肤或衣物等其他部件长期与被膜1的表面处理层1a接触而反复摩擦,在表面处理层1a的凸状部分4a也不会产生剥离,从而能够维持充分的耐磨性。与此同时,能够对皮脂或汗水或保湿用乳液等中大量含有的油酸等高级脂肪酸类维持耐化学性。
尤其,实施例2、3、7中,将有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物相对于100重量份的聚氯乙烯(聚合度1100的净树脂)的添加量设为5重量份,将聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)的添加量设为30~40重量份,将碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)相对于100重量份的聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)的添加量设为4~8重量份,由此进一步提高耐磨性(1)、耐磨性(2),且得到了最好的综合评价。
并且,实施例5、9、10中,将异氰酸酯系交联剂(脂肪族系交联剂)的添加量设为4~8重量份,由此进一步提高耐磨性(1)、耐磨性(2)。其中,实施例10(脂肪族系碳二亚胺8重量份+脂肪族系交联剂4重量份)得到了最好的综合评价。
然而,相对于此,比较例1~8中,耐冷弯曲性、耐磨性(1)、耐磨性(2)、耐化学性、加工性中的任一个的评价结果均差。
详细而言,比较例1中,有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物相对于氯乙烯树脂的混合量比实施例1少,因此在耐磨性(2)方面,磨损时的刮擦量明显而评价结果差。
比较例2中,有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物相对于氯乙烯树脂的混合量比实施例3多,因此在耐冷弯曲性的反复弯曲中在被膜1产生裂纹而评价结果差。而且,在加工性方面,润滑性过高而无法进行压延加工而评价结果差。
比较例3中,在表面处理层1a中,未对聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)添加聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯),因此在耐磨性(1)方面,产生裂纹而评价结果差。而且,在耐化学性方面,表面处理层1a的大部分被剥离而评价结果差。
比较例4中,在表面处理层1a中,聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)相对于聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)的混合量比实施例4少,因此在耐化学性方面,表面处理层1a的大部分被剥离而评价结果差。
比较例5中,在表面处理层1a中,聚酯系聚氨酯(水性聚酯系聚氨酯)相对于聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)的混合量比实施例6多,因此在耐磨性(1)方面,发生破裂而评价结果差。
比较例6中,在表面处理层1a中,碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)相对于聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)的混合量比实施例2少,因此在耐磨性(1)方面,发生破裂而评价结果差。而且,在耐化学性方面,表面处理层1a的大部分被剥离而评价结果差。
比较例7中,在表面处理层1a中,碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)相对于聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯(水性聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯)的混合量比实施例7多,因此在耐冷弯曲性方面,产生裂纹而评价结果差。
比较例8中,在表面处理层1a中,相对于碳二亚胺(脂肪族系碳二亚胺)的混合量比实施例6多,因此在耐冷弯曲性方面,产生裂纹而评价结果差。
另外,前述的实施例1~12和比较例1~8中,对图3所示的具有发泡层12且使该发泡层12与基材2直接粘接的合成树脂皮革A(A3)进行了评价,但并不限定于此,在图1所示的不具有发泡层12的合成树脂皮革A(A1)或具有发泡层12并通过粘接层3使该发泡层12与基材2间接地粘接的合成树脂皮革A(A2)中,也可得到与前述的评价结果相同的评价结果。
符号说明
A、A1、A2、A3-合成树脂皮革,1-被膜,1a-表面处理层,11-非发泡层,12-发泡层,2-基材,3-粘接层,4-凹凸图案,4a-凸状部分,4b-凹状部分。
Claims (6)
1.一种合成树脂皮革,其在以氯乙烯树脂为主成分的被膜的表面侧形成表面处理层,所述合成树脂皮革的特征在于,
所述表面处理层是通过涂布用含有碳二亚胺基的交联剂使聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯与聚酯系聚氨酯的混合物交联所得到的表面处理剂而形成的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成树脂皮革,其特征在于,
所述交联剂同时使用含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂与异氰酸酯系交联剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的合成树脂皮革,其特征在于,
所述表面处理剂是通过相对于100重量份的所述聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯混合20~50重量份的聚酯系聚氨酯而成的。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的合成树脂皮革,其特征在于,
所述被膜为氯乙烯树脂与有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物的混合树脂层,且是通过相对于100重量份的所述氯乙烯树脂混合2.5~10重量份的所述有机硅-丙烯酸共聚物而成的。
5.一种合成树脂皮革的制造方法,其特征在于,包括:
被膜成型工序,使以氯乙烯树脂为主成分的被膜成型;
表面处理工序,对已成型的所述被膜的表面涂布表面处理剂来形成表面处理层,所述表面处理剂是用含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂使聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯与聚酯系聚氨酯的混合物交联而成的,或者是用所述含有碳二亚胺基的水性交联剂及异氰酸酯系交联剂使聚碳酸酯系聚氨酯与聚酯系聚氨酯的混合物交联而成的;及
基材粘接工序,将基材粘接于所述被膜的背面侧。
6.根据权利要求5所述的合成树脂皮革的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述被膜成型工序通过压延成型而完成。
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