CN107428287B - 影像投射装置 - Google Patents

影像投射装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107428287B
CN107428287B CN201680018867.7A CN201680018867A CN107428287B CN 107428287 B CN107428287 B CN 107428287B CN 201680018867 A CN201680018867 A CN 201680018867A CN 107428287 B CN107428287 B CN 107428287B
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China
Prior art keywords
image
vehicle
light
road surface
image projection
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CN201680018867.7A
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CN107428287A (zh
Inventor
国井康彦
杉山寿纪
清水拓也
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Maxell Ltd
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Maxell Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Maxell Ltd filed Critical Maxell Ltd
Priority to CN202110647375.7A priority Critical patent/CN113147578A/zh
Priority to CN202110647376.1A priority patent/CN113147579B/zh
Priority to CN202110647377.6A priority patent/CN113147580A/zh
Priority to CN202110647374.2A priority patent/CN113147577A/zh
Priority to CN202110647501.9A priority patent/CN113147582B/zh
Priority to CN202110647495.7A priority patent/CN113147581A/zh
Publication of CN107428287A publication Critical patent/CN107428287A/zh
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    • B60Q1/0017—Devices integrating an element dedicated to another function
    • B60Q1/0023—Devices integrating an element dedicated to another function the element being a sensor, e.g. distance sensor, camera
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Abstract

本发明提供一种影像投射装置，其安装于车辆上，并且还能够取得路面状态信息和检测出隐藏的车辆，影像投射装置投射影像，包括取得关于车辆的信息的取得部、基于取得部所取得的信息投射影像的影像投射部和取得车辆的外部的影像的摄像单元，进一步，通过影像投射部投射1.4μm的波长为中心的波段的光、且摄像单元拍摄基于以该1.4μm的波长为中心的波段的光拍摄的影像来提供关于车辆的信息。

Description

影像投射装置
技术领域
本发明涉及影像投射装置。
背景技术
以投影仪为代表的影像投射装置作为用于将所期望的影像放大投射的装置已经在广泛的领域被利用，近年来还作为用于个人电脑和移动电话的显示装置被更广泛地利用。
关于该影像投射装置，特别是作为在车辆中使用的现有技术，已知有以下技术。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开平8-43781号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2004-136838号公报
专利文献3：日本特开2010-26759号公报
专利文献4：日本特开2012-247369号公报
专利文献5：日本特开2014-153868号公报
专利文献6：日本特开2103-213792号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
即，上述专利文献1是关于一种投射型显示装置的技术，该投射型显示装置通过在作为外部光源的车辆的前灯之前不内置光源而配置便携性优异的LCD投影仪，将前灯作为外部光源使用。为了解决该问题，专利文献2实现预先将投影仪组装于前灯之前且在车辆之中的第一状态、和使投影仪或前灯移动而将来自前灯的光束直接向车辆的外部照射的第二状态，进一步展示了在道路上显示图像的实施方式。
并且，在专利文献3中，作为车辆的驾驶辅助装置，已知有如下结构：为了在判断为偏离车道时有效地唤起本车的乘员注意，利用安装在车辆前方的前灯部分的照射单元(激光器)，在车辆前方的道路上显示促使进行唤起的信息。
此外，根据专利文献4，已知有如下结构：在车辆的前头部分安装作为投影单元的投影仪，根据由导航系统搜索到的路径信息，伴随投射角度的设定，将向分岔方向引导的路径指导图像投影于车辆前方的路面。不仅如此，根据专利文献5，还已知有如下的车辆的驾驶辅助装置：将由目标标记和跟踪线构成的描绘图案根据本车的行驶状态投影于车辆前方的路面，由此，能够进行本车的行驶目的地的识别，并能够基于该识别进行恰当的驾驶。
另一方面，根据专利文献6，还已知有如下技术：作为用于取得车辆前方的路面图像的摄像单元在车辆内设置摄像机，根据来自该摄像机的图像推测路面的状态。
但是，在关于上述投影仪的现有技术中，仅将投影仪用于在路面上显示另外得到的本车的行驶状态等信息，未必有效地利用了投影仪的功能。此外，在利用上述的专利文献6检测车辆前方的路面状态的情况下，特别是在白天的阳光下，由于强烈的阳光而不能取得所需的路面图像，难以更加正确地推测路面的状态。
因此，本发明是鉴于上述的现有技术中的问题而完成的发明，其目的在于提供能够更加有效地利用安装于本车(以汽车等为代表的移动体)的、作为投影仪的影像投射装置。
用于解决问题的技术方案
为了解决上述问题，例如采用要求的权利的范围内记载的结构。本申请包括多个解决上述问题的方案，列举其一个例子为投射影像的影像投射装置，该影像投射装置包括取得关于车辆的信息的取得部；基于取得部所取得的信息投射影像的影像投射部；和取得车辆的外部的影像的摄像单元，并且，影像投射部投射以1.4μm的波长为中心的波段的光，且摄像单元通过拍摄基于以1.4μm的波长为中心的波段的光拍摄的影像来提供关于车辆的信息。
发明的效果
根据本发明，能够提供一种影像投射装置，包含取得路面状态信息和检测出隐藏的车辆这样地有效活用安装在本车上的影像投射部。
附图说明
图1是装载了本发明的一个实施方式的影像投射装置而在路面等上投射影像的车辆的从前方观察的立体图。
图2是装载了本发明的一个实施方式的影像投射装置而在路面等上投射影像的车辆的从后方观察的立体图。
图3是表示影像投射装置所包括的配光控制ECU的整体结构的图。
图4是表示配光控制ECU及其周边要素的更详细的结构例的框图。
图5是表示本发明的一个实施方式的影像投射装置的结构的一例的图。
图6是包含有投射器的图像面在内的光线图。
图7是说明本发明中利用的阳光的光谱强度和AM1.5的1.4μm波长光的图。
图8是说明装载有本发明的影像投射装置的本车中、利用所投射的1.4μm波长光取得路面状态信息的图。
图9是说明所取得的路面状态信息的利用的一个例子的图。
图10是说明影像投射装置中将1.4μm波长光与来自影像投射装置的影像光合成的其它例子的图。
图11是说明装载有本发明的影像投射装置的本车中利用所投射的1.4μm波长光检测隐蔽于死角的车辆的图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对本发明的实施方式说明其详细内容。
＜影像投射装置的配置＞
首先，在图1中的(A)和(B)中，作为装载有本发明的一个实施方式的影像投射装置的本车10的一例表示乘用车，如这些图所示，在该本车(乘用车)10的主体的前部设置有左右一对前灯11。而且，在图1的(A)的例子中，虽然此处未图示其详细情况，但是在该一对前灯11的内部装有作为发光体的灯。此外，在图1的(A)的例子中，在本车(乘用车)10中装载有左右一对以下详述的影像投射装置。并且，来自该影像投射装置的影像光例如透过透明的窗部投射到本车(乘用车)的前方。其中，在本例中，投射于路面等上的影像用于对正在本车(乘用车)10的附近步行的行人等显示当前或者之后的行进方向，由此更高地确保安全性。
图1的(B)表示了在车体的前端部仅装载有1台影像投射装置的例子，在这种情况下，来自影像投射装置的影像光例如透过设置在车体的前端部的透明的窗部12投射到本车(乘用车)10的前方。
接着，图2的(A)和(B)表示了装载有本发明的一个实施方式的影像投射装置的上述本车10的后方，如这些图所示，在车体的后方设置有红色的尾灯13、13’。其中，在该图2的(A)的例子中，虽然未图示其详细情况，不过在这些尾灯13、13’的内部组装有作为发光体的灯。此外，在图2的(A)的例子中影像投射装置左右一对地装载，来自该影像投射装置的影像光例如透过透明的窗部投射于本车(乘用车)10的后方。
此外，图2的(B)表示将影像投射装置装载于例如车体的顶部附近等的例子。在该图2的(B)的例子中，与上述图1的(B)一样，影像光透过设置在车体的后端的透明的窗部，影像光向本车(乘用车)10的后方投射。
其中，以上对在本车10的前后装载1台或多台(例如一对)影像投射装置的例子进行了说明，不过本发明并不限定于此，也可以将影像投射装置装载在本车10的任意位置(例如侧视镜部分、车顶之上、车体的侧面、底面等)。此外，还可以将影像投射装置一体地组装于前灯或尾灯的内部。即，在本发明中，只要能够利用该影像投射装置将所期望的影像投射于路面等即可。另外，在将影像投射装置一体地组装于前灯或尾灯的内部的情况下，还能够将前灯或尾灯的光源用作投射用的光源。
＜配光控制ECU的结构＞
接着，图3表示装载于上述的本车10内的电子控制单元(配光控制ECU)的结构的一个例子。由该图也可知，该配光控制ECU40包括CPU(中央运算装置)41、作为存储单元的RAM42和ROM43，以及输入输出装置(I/O单元)44。而且，来自以下各种信息取得部和通信部的信息经由上述I/O单元44输入到该配光控制ECU40，对上述的前灯11的驱动和影像投射装置500的影像投射进行控制。
另外，此处，作为上述来自各种信息取得部的信息，例如包括表示本车的行驶速度的速度信号、表示发动机的状态(ON/OFF)的信号、表示排挡的位置的排挡信息，对周围的驾驶员通知存在危险的危险警告信号，表示方向盘的转向角度的方向盘转向角度信号，表示转弯信号(或也称为“转向灯”)的有无或表示左右的转向灯哪一个点亮/闪烁中的转弯信号，以及表示上述各种灯的点亮/闪烁状态的指示灯信息。
此外，作为来自上述各种信息取得部的信息，还例如包括来自检测车的外部的光的外光传感器的信息(照度信号、色度信号等)；来自安装于本车上的摄像机的影像信息；来自距离传感器的信号，该距离传感器检测本车与在本车10的前方等周边行驶的车辆及其它对象物之间的距离等；以及来自检测夜间的车的外部状况的红外线传感器的信号等。
此外，在上述来自通信部的信息中例如包括用于推算本车10的位置的GPS(GlobalPositioning System：全球定位网络)信号；作为来自进行路径指引等的导航装置的信息的、所谓的导航信息；以及在本车与其它车辆之间进行的车车间通信和在道路与车之间进行的路车间通信的信息等。
图4表示上述配光控制ECU40及其周边要素的更详细的结构。即，在图中，来自方向指示器传感器51、方向盘转向角度传感器52、换挡位置传感器53、车速传感器54、加速器操作传感器55、刹车操作传感器56、照度传感器57、色度传感器58、发动机启动传感器59和危险警告灯传感器60的信号被输入到上述配光控制ECU40。此外，来自摄像机61的信号经由图像处理部62输入到配光控制ECU40，来自GPS信号接收部63和地图信息输出部64的信号经由运算部65输入到配光控制ECU40。另外，如在之后也详细说明的那样，来自该摄像机61的信号的一部分波段的信号例如能够通过上述的运算部65或在ECU40实施规定的处理，由此能够计算包含本车10行驶的路面的凹凸等在内的路面状态信息。
此外，在构成上述影像投射装置500的投射器100，来自上述配光控制ECU40的控制信号和来自映射信号输出部110的信号(投射于路面等的影像信号)经由控制部120被输入，由此执行以下说明的向路面等的影像的投射。
不仅如此，在上述配光控制ECU40，还被输入表示来自前灯传感器66以及高/低传感器(远光/近光传感器)67的信号。
＜影像投射装置＞
接着，以下参照图5对影像投射装置500的更加详细的结构的一个例子进行详细说明，该影像投射装置500包含上述图4所示的投射器100、映射信号输出部110和控制部120。
投射光学系501是将影像投射于路面等的光学系统，包含透镜和/或反射镜。显示元件502是对透射的光或反射的光进行调制而生成影像的元件，例如使用透射型液晶面板、反射型液晶面板、DMD(Digital Micromirror Device：数字显微镜装置，注册商标)面板等。显示元件驱动部503向显示元件502发送驱动信号，使显示元件502产生影像。光源505是产生影像投射用的光的装置，使用高压水银灯、氙灯、LED光源、激光光源等。电源506向光源505供电。进一步，电源506向其它各部分别供给所需的电力。照明光学系统504将在光源505产生的光聚集，更均匀地照射至显示元件502。冷却部515利用空冷方式或液冷方式对光源505、电源506或显示元件502等成为高温状态的各部位根据需要进行冷却。操作输入部507是操作按钮或遥控器的受光部，输入来自用户的操作信号。
影像信号输入部531与外部的影像输出装置连接而输入影像数据。声音信号输入部533与外部的声音输出装置连接而输入声音数据。声音输出部540能够基于被输入到声音信号输入部533的声音数据进行声音输出。此外，声音输出部540还可以输出内置的操作音和错误警告音。通信部532例如与外部的信息处理装置连接，输入输出各种控制信号。
非易失性存储器508存储投影仪功能中使用的各种数据。在存储于非易失性存储器508数据中，还包含用于向路上投射的、预先准备的图像数据和影像数据等。存储器509存储要投射的影像数据和装置各部的控制参数等。控制部510控制所连接的各部分的动作。
图像调整部560对由影像信号输入部531输入的影像数据、存储于非易失性存储器508图像数据以及影像数据进行图像处理。作为该图像处理，例如具有进行图像的放大、缩小、变形等的缩放处理、改变亮度的亮度调整处理、改变图像的对比度曲线的对比度调整处理、将图像分解成光的成分而并按各种成分改变权重的视网膜皮层(Retinex)处理等。
储存部570记录影像、图像、声音、各种数据等。例如，既可以产品出厂时预先记录有影像、图像、声音、各种数据等，也可以记录经由通信部532从外部设备和外部的服务器等取得的影像、图像、声音、各种数据等。记录于储存部570的影像、图像、各种数据等经由显示元件502和投射光学系统501作为投射影像输出即可。记录于储存部570的声音从声音输出部540作为声音输出即可。
如以上说明的那样，能够使影像投射装置500搭载各种功能。但是，影像投射装置500并不一定具有上述的结构的全部。只要是投射影像的功能，为怎样的结构均可。
图6是包括图像面在内的投射器100的光线图。在图中，从由未图示的LED等构成的光源出射而从影像显示元件透射后的影像光从滤波器等通过，在各种透镜系统受到折射作用，进一步根据结构受到反射作用之后，投射到像面8(路面等)。
像这样，在上述的上述影像投射装置500中，相对于投射距离700mm，实现投射像的范围的长边的长度为10061-542＝9519≈9520mm、投射比为700/9520≈0.07的未曾有过的大幅的广角化。
另外，在上述说明中对1台影像投射装置500及其投射光学系统进行了说明，如上所述，在本发明中在车辆装载(或者一体地组装于前灯、尾灯)1台或多台(例如一对)投射器，将所期望的影像投射于路面等。此时，特别如上述图1的(A)和图2的(A)所示，在利用多台(例如一对)影像投射装置500的情况下，既可以从各影像投射装置500向路面等投射同一影像(在这种情况下，在图5的显示元件502显示相同的影像)，或者也可以从左右的影像投射装置500投射不同的影像、在路面等进行合成(在这种情况下，在图5的显示元件502显示将所期望的影像左右分割后的影像)。
此外，在上述说明中，作为向路面等投射影像的影像投射装置500，对使用透射型的液晶影像显示元件的结构进行了说明，不过本发明并不限定于此，作为该影像投射装置500，还能够使用例如由DLP(数码光处理)装置等微镜构成的反射型的影像投射装置500、能够利用投射光学系统投射来自能够进行光调制的面状的发光二极管的影像光的影像投射装置500等，各种影像投射装置500。即，在本发明中，只要能够利用该影像投射装置500将所期望的影像投射于路面等即可。
另外，此处，在本发明中，不仅将上述的说明了其详细情况的影像投射装置500如现有技术那样用于将由各种传感器和装置获得的本车10的行驶状态等信息显示于路面上，进一步，用于更正确地求取作为本车10的行进方向的路面表面的包含凹凸在内的状态的路面状态信息，进一步还能够检测存在于本车10的附近而隐蔽于死角的其它车辆。
＜路面状态信息的取得＞
以下，对于上述影像投射装置500，说明用于更正确地获取路面状态信息的结构及其功能，在此之前，首先对其原理进行说明。
图7表示阳光的光谱强度的图表，以虚线表示大气层外的光谱强度，以实线表示大气层内的光谱强度(太阳高度42°)。如由该图表也能够明白的那样，以虚线表示的大气层外的阳光的一部分波长成分被臭氧层和大气中的H2O成分等吸收，因此以实线表示的被称为“AM1.5”的地上的光谱强度的一部分光谱成分下降或被除去。特别是以近红外区域的1.4μm的波长为中心的波段的强度几乎为零(0)。即，在本车10行驶的地上，阳光中不含1.4μm的波长的成分。
因此，根据本发明的发明人进行各种研究的结果可知：通过利用以该1.4μm的波长为中心的波段的光(以下，还简称为“1.4μm波长光”)，不受阳光的影响。因此，在本发明中，基于上述的本发明的发明人的见解提案有通过利用以该1.4μm的波长中心的波段的近红外光，能够不受阳光影响、稳定地求取路面状态信息的技术。
具体而言，如图8(A)中也表示的那样，利用安装在本车10的前部的影像投射装置500，将本车的行驶状态及其它各种信息显示于路面上，并且将含有上述的1.4μm波长光201的影像光200投射于路面上。另外，在这种情况下，例如优选投射将1.4μm波长光呈由多个矩形构成的栅格(网孔)状形成的光影像(以下，还称为“传感用投影像”)202。
另一方面，安装于本车10的摄像机61接收包括上述1.4μm波长光201在路面上的反射光在内的光，生成包含行驶路面在内的影像信号。此时，在运算部65或ECU40中，基于上述1.4μm波长光进行图像处理，由此，能够不受阳光的影响，更正确地求取路面状态信息，该路面状态信息为本车10的行进方向的路面表面的包含凹凸在内的状态。
此时，通过投射包含上述的“传感用投影像”202在内的影像光200，如图8(B)所示那样，利用摄像机61捕捉根据包含凹凸在内的路面上的形状变形的栅格(网孔)状的光影像，由此能够容易地推测路面上的凹凸形状。另外，投射的栅格状的光影像离本车10越远，越成为栅格间隔宽的影像，由此能够防止斜向拍摄引起的摄像器件的分辨性能下降。
另外，对于上述那样取得的路面状态信息，既可以利用影像投射装置500显示对在路面上存在凹凸进行警告的影像，或者，也可以通过车内的扬声器利用声音向司机传达。或者，还能够通过上述图4所示的ECU40，在本车10的制动器和主动悬挂系统(activesuspension)的控制中加以利用。进一步，通过图3所示的通信部的车车间通信功能，还能够传达至其它车辆。
此外，特别是在影像投射装置500利用影像向路面上投射各种信息的情况下，通过利用上述的路面状态信息，能够如图9中也表示的那样，显示补偿成为影像的投影面的路面的状态后的影像，因此能够进行不依赖于路面的状态的良好的显示。
此处，在投射上述的1.4μm波长光的情况下，如果在上述的图5所示的影像投射装置500内采用光源(参照图5的附图标记505)能够射出包含1.4μm的近红外线在内的光的结构(例如包括红外线激光器)，则在利用液晶面板等(参照显示素子502)将来自该光源的光调制为投射光时，在液晶面板上插入能够透射该1.4μm波长光的滤波器即可，此外，在投射“传感用投影像”的情况下，使用该1.4μm波长光在液晶面板上合成栅格(网孔)状的影像进行显示即可。另外，在使用1.4μm波长光将栅格状的影像显示投射于液晶面板上的情况下，考虑到对同时或依序投射的其它影像(车辆的驾驶信息等)等产生不良影响的可能性，例如优选以人的视觉不可检测的程度的短的期间、间歇地进行显示。
或者，代替上述，如图10中也表示的那样，另外利用半导体红外线激光器等光源210，产生上述的1.4μm波长光201或传感用投影像202，作为一个例子，利用光合棱镜等合成单元220将其光合成为从影像投射装置500投射的影像光200即可，这对本领域技术人员而言也是显而易见的。另外，在这种情况下，特别是在产生1.4μm波长光的情况下，也考虑到对投射的其它影像(车辆的驾驶信息等)等产生的不良影响，例如优选以人的视觉不可检测的程度的短的期间、间歇地进行显示。
＜隐蔽于死角的车辆的检测＞
接着，对于上述影像投射装置500，以下对能够检测存在于本车10的附近却隐蔽于死角的其它车辆的例子进行说明。
在图11中，作为一个例子表示本车10和其它车辆10’停在交叉路口的情况，另外，在该例子中，在该交叉路口的中央，在路面下埋入设置有例如由圆盘状的金属构成的反射体300。而且，此处，其它车辆10’被交叉路口的周围的建筑物遮挡，即，停在成为本车10的死角的位置。
此处，利用上述影像投射装置500，向本车10的前方投射包含上述的1.4μm波长光200在内的影像光，由此该1.4μm波长光200呈扇状散开，碰到交叉路口中央的反射体300上。由此，该1.4μm波长光200在上述反射体300上反射，以该反射体300为中心进行传播。之后，到达停在死角的其它车辆10’并在此反射，再次沿上述的路径传播而返回本车10。
因此，通过利用上述的摄像机61(上述图4参照)等检测单元检测1.4μm波长光200的反射光，能够检测出隐蔽在死角的其它车辆10’。另外，在本例中，对将1.4μm波长光200的反射体300设置在交叉路口的中央的例子进行了说明，除此以外，反射体300也可以为圆盘以外的形状，此外，关于其场所，也可以设置在交叉路口的角部。此外，如上所述，1.4μm波长光的投射优选以短的期间、间歇地进行显示。
以上，对将产生1.4μm波长光的影像投射装置500设置在作为本车10的行驶方向的前部的例子进行了详细说明，但是，本发明并不限定于此，还能够将该影像投射装置500设置于本车10的后部。
另外，以上说明了本发明的各种实施例，不过本发明并不限定于上述的实施例，而包括各种各样的变形例。例如，上述的实施例为了使本发明说明得容易明白而进行了详细的说明，但是并不一定限定于包括所说明的所有结构。此外，能够将一个实施例的结构的一部分替换到另一个实施例的结构，此外，还能够在一个实施例的结构中加入另一个实施例的结构。此外，能够对各实施例的结构的一部分进行其它结构的追加、删除、替换。
此外，上述的各结构、功能、处理部、处理单元等例如也可以通过利用集成电路等进行设计、利用硬件实现其一部分或全部。此外，上述各结构、功能等也可以通过对信息处理器实现各自的功能的程序进行解释、执行而以软件实现。实现各功能的程序、图表、文件夹等信息能够存储于存储器、硬盘、SSD(Solid State Drive：固态硬盘)等记录装置或IC卡、SD卡、DVD等记录介质。
附图标记的说明
10…本车(乘用车)，11…前灯，12…窗部，13、13’…尾灯，40…配光控制ECU，61…摄像机，62…图像处理部，500…影像投射装置，501…投射光学系统，502…显示元件，503…显示元件驱动部，504…照明光学系统，505…光源，531…影像信号输入部，533…声音信号输入部，532…通信部。

Claims (2)

1.一种能够从车辆向路面上投射影像的影像投射装置，其特征在于，包括：
取得关于车辆的信息的取得部；
影像投射部，其能够基于所述取得部取得的信息来投射用于在路面上显示影像的影像显示用投射光，并同时投射不同于所述影像显示用投射光的、用于取得关于路面的信息或关于其它车辆的信息的传感用投射光；
拍摄所述车辆的外部的摄像部；和
控制部，
所述摄像部基于被投射的所述传感用投射光进行拍摄，
所述控制部基于从该拍摄的结果得到的关于路面或其它车辆的信息进行控制，来与所述路面的状态相应地对所述影像显示用投射光产生的所述路面上的影像显示进行补偿处理。
2.如权利要求1所述的影像投射装置，其特征在于：
从所述影像投射部投射以1.4μm的波长为中心的波段的光作为所述传感用投射光，并且，所述摄像部基于以1.4μm的波长为中心的波段的光进行拍摄。
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