CN107223166A - 焊接性和加工部耐蚀性优异的镀锌合金钢材及其制造方法 - Google Patents

焊接性和加工部耐蚀性优异的镀锌合金钢材及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107223166A
CN107223166A CN201580070935.XA CN201580070935A CN107223166A CN 107223166 A CN107223166 A CN 107223166A CN 201580070935 A CN201580070935 A CN 201580070935A CN 107223166 A CN107223166 A CN 107223166A
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China
Prior art keywords
galvanized alloy
layer
alloy steel
base material
steel
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CN201580070935.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
吴旻锡
金相宪
金泰喆
金钟常
尹现柱
柳凤桓
孙领
孙一领
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Posco Holdings Inc
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Posco Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from KR1020140190124A external-priority patent/KR101657843B1/ko
Application filed by Posco Co Ltd filed Critical Posco Co Ltd
Priority claimed from PCT/KR2015/014264 external-priority patent/WO2016105163A1/ko
Publication of CN107223166A publication Critical patent/CN107223166A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract

本发明公开一种镀锌合金钢材及其制造方法，在包括基材钢和镀锌合金层的镀锌合金钢材中，所述镀锌合金层，以重量％计，包括：Al：0.1～5.0％、Mg：0.1～5.0％、余量的Zn以及不可避免的杂质，所述基材钢和所述镀锌合金层之间包括：下部界面层，形成在所述基材钢上，并具有细密的结构；以及上部界面层，形成在所述下部界面层上，并具有网络(network)型或岛(island)型结构。

Description

焊接性和加工部耐蚀性优异的镀锌合金钢材及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种焊接性和加工部耐蚀性优异的镀锌合金钢材及其制造方法。
背景技术
通过阴极方式抑制铁的腐蚀的镀锌方法，其防蚀性能和经济性优异，因此广泛用于制造具有高耐蚀特性的钢材。尤其，相比电镀锌钢材，通过将钢材浸渍在熔融的锌中来形成镀层的热浸镀锌钢材的制造工艺简单、产品价格低廉，因此，在汽车、家电产品和建筑材料用等的整体产业中，热浸镀锌钢材的需要在增加。
镀锌的热浸镀锌钢材具有以下的牺牲防蚀(Sacrificial CorrosionProtection)的特性，即，当其暴露在腐蚀环境时，锌的氧化还原电位低于铁而先被腐蚀，从而抑制钢材的腐蚀，此外，镀层的锌被氧化的同时，在钢材表面上形成细密的腐蚀产物，从氧化气氛中隔离钢材，从而提高钢材的耐腐蚀性。
但是，产业高度化所引起的大气污染的增加以及腐蚀环境的恶化正在加剧，并且，由于对节约资源和能量的严格的限制，开发一种与比现有的镀锌钢材相比具有更优异的耐蚀性的钢材的必要性在增加。
作为其一环，对在镀锌浴中添加铝(Al)和镁(Mg)等元素来提高钢材的耐蚀性的镀锌系合金钢材的制造技术进行了多种研究。作为代表性的镀锌合金系材料，目前积极进行有关镀Zn-Al组成体系中进一步添加Mg的Zn-Al-Mg系镀锌合金钢材的制造技术的研究。
但是，这种Zn-Al-Mg系镀锌合金钢材具有如下缺点。
第一，Zn-Al-Mg系镀锌合金钢材在焊接时容易产生液态金属脆化(Liquid MetalEmbrittlement，LME)龟裂，因此焊接性较差。即，对如上所述的镀锌合金钢材进行焊接时，熔点低的Zn-Al-Mg系金属间化合物被熔解，沿着基材钢的晶界等渗透，因此导致液态金属脆化。
第二，Zn-Al-Mg系镀锌合金钢材具有加工部耐蚀性差的缺点。即，所述镀锌合金钢材包含大量的通过镀层内Zn、Al和Mg的热力学的相互反应形成的Zn-Al-Mg系金属间化合物，这种金属间化合物的硬度高，因此在弯曲加工时引起镀层内的裂纹，由此降低加工部耐蚀性。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明的多个目的中的一个目的在于提供焊接性和加工部耐蚀性优异的镀锌合金钢材及其制造方法。
(二)技术方案
本发明的一个方面提供一种镀锌合金钢材，其包括基材钢和镀锌合金层，所述镀锌合金层，以重量％计，包括：Al：0.1～5.0％、Mg：0.1～5.0％、余量的Zn以及不可避免的杂质，所述基材钢和所述镀锌合金层之间包括：下部界面层，形成在所述基材钢上，并具有细密的结构；以及上部界面层，形成在所述下部界面层上，并具有网络(network)型或岛(island)型结构。
本发明的另一个方面提供一种镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：准备基材钢；对所述基材钢进行表面活性化；将表面活性化的所述基材钢浸渍在锌合金镀液中进行镀覆，从而获得镀锌合金钢材，其中，所述锌合金镀液以重量％计，包括：Al：0.1～5.0％、Mg：0.1～5.0％、余量的Zn以及不可避免的杂质；以及对所述镀锌合金钢材进行气体擦拭，然后进行冷却。
(三)有益效果
本发明的镀锌合金钢材具有焊接性非常优异且加工部耐蚀性也非常优异的优点。
附图说明
图1是观察实施例1的发明例1的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像。
图2是观察实施例1的比较例1的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像。
图3是观察实施例2的试片编号1的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像。
图4是观察实施例2的试片编号2的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像。
图5是观察实施例2的试片编号3的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像。
图6是观察实施例2的试片编号4的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像。
具体实施方式
下面，对本发明的一个方面的焊接性和加工部耐蚀性优异的镀锌合金钢材进行详细说明。
本发明的一个方面的镀锌合金钢材包括基材钢和镀锌合金层。本发明中，对所述基材钢的种类不作特别限定，例如，可以是钢板或钢线材。另外，镀锌合金层可以形成在基材钢的一面或两面上。
并且，本发明中，对基材钢的合金组成也不作特别限定。但是，当基材钢包括合计0.1重量％以上的选自Si、Mn和Ni中的一种或两种以上的表面浓缩元素时，所述基材钢内的表面浓缩元素中的一部分固溶(合计为0.001重量％以上)于形成在基材钢与镀层之间的上部界面层和下部界面层，从而可以使本发明的效果极大化。
优选地，镀锌合金层，以重量％计，包括：Al：0.1～5.0％、Mg：0.1～5.0％、余量的Zn以及不可避免的杂质。
镀锌合金层内的Mg是提高镀覆钢材的耐蚀性的元素。当Mg的含量过低时，耐蚀性提高效果不足。因此，镀锌合金层内的Mg含量的下限优选为0.1重量％，更优选为0.5重量％，进一步优选为0.8重量％。然而，当Mg的含量过多时，存在镀液内Mg的氧化导致形成镀液浮渣的问题。因此，镀锌合金层内Mg含量的上限优选为5.0重量％，更优选为3.0重量％，进一步优选为2.0重量％。
镀锌合金层内的Al是抑制Mg氧化物浮渣的元素。当Al的含量过低时，镀液内Mg氧化的防止效果不足。因此，镀锌合金层内Al含量的下限优选为0.1重量％，更优选为0.5重量％，进一步优选为0.8重量％。然而，当Al的含量过多时，存在需要提高镀液温度的问题。如果镀液温度高，则会引发对镀覆设备的侵蚀等。因此，镀锌合金层内Al含量的上限优选为5.0重量％，更优选为3.0重量％，进一步优选为2.0重量％。
优选地，基材钢与镀锌合金层之间包括：下部界面层，形成在所述基材钢上，并具有细密的结构；以及上部界面层，形成在所述下部界面层上，并具有网络(network)型或岛(island)型结构。
通过形成如上所述的双重结构的界面层，能够有效地抑制在镀锌合金钢材的点焊过程中成为主要问题的液体金属脆化(Liquid Metal Embrittlement，LME)龟裂的产生，并且，即使因弯曲加工而导致镀锌合金层表面上发生裂纹，也可以有效地防止基材钢自身向外部暴露，从而能够提高弯曲加工性。
例如，相对于下部界面层面积，上部界面层的面积占有率可以为10～90％，优选可以为20～80％，更优选可以为40～70％，进一步优选可以为45～65％。其中，面积占有率是指从钢材的上部向钢材的厚度方向投影并观望时，在不考虑三维的曲折等而假设为平面时，上部界面层的面积与下部界面层的面积之比。当上部界面层的面积占有率小于10％时，上部界面层的面积过低，从而可能会导致镀锌合金钢材的焊接性和加工部耐蚀性劣化。另外，当上部界面层的面积占有率超过90％时，因脆性，可能会发生裂纹。
其中，可以通过如下方法确认是否形成如上所述的双重结构的界面层。即，如上所述，所述双重结构的界面层存在于基材钢与镀锌合金层的界面，因此，如果不去除镀锌合金层，则难以确认其结构等。因此，在不损伤所述双重结构的界面层的同时能够以化学方式只溶解其上部的镀锌合金层的铬酸溶液中浸渍镀锌合金钢材30秒，使得镀锌合金层全部溶解，然后拍摄剩下的所述界面层的扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM)图像，然后通过分析图像确认是否形成双重结构的界面层，并测定各界面层的厚度。此时，作为制备所述铬酸溶液的例子，可在一升的蒸馏水中混合200g的CrO3、80g的ZnSO4和50g的HNO3来制备。另外，可以利用能量分散光谱(Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy，EDS)分析后述的各界面层的组成，并且，可以通过图像分析仪(image analyzer)测定上部界面层的面积占有率。
例如，上部界面层和下部界面层包括Fe-Al系合金，所述Fe-Al系合金可以是选自Fe2Al5、FeAl3和FeAl中的一种或两种以上。其中，上部界面层和下部界面层包括Fe-Al系合金是指，包括Fe-Al系合金作为主要成分(约80重量％以上)，而不是排除包括其他有效的成分和不可避免的杂质。
例如，所述上部界面层，以重量％计，可以包括：Al：15～80％、Fe：20～85％和Zn：10％以下(包括0％)，更优选地，可以包括：Al：15～60％、Fe：40～80％和Zn：10％以下(包括0％)，进一步优选地，可以包括：Al：20～40％、Fe：60～80％和Zn：10％以下(包括0％)。
一般而言，在锌系镀层和基材钢的界面上形成的界面层内Al的含量约为10重量％左右，而本发明的镀锌合金钢材的特征在于，包括在上部界面层内的Al的含量较高。当所述上部界面层内Al的含量小于15％时，LME龟裂降低效果可能会不足，相反，当所述上部界面层内Al的含量超过80％时，因脆性，加工时可能会发生裂纹。
例如，所述上部界面层的厚度可以为50～1000nm，优选地，可以为70～800nm，更优选地，可以为75～450nm，进一步优选地，可以为90～420nm。当上部界面层的厚度小于50nm时，焊接时的LME龟裂降低效果可能会不足，相反，当上部界面层的厚度超过1000nm时，加工时裂纹的面积反而可能会变宽。
例如，所述下部界面层的厚度可以为500nm以下(0nm除外)，更优选地，可以为300nm以下(0nm除外)，进一步优选地，可以为100nm以下(0nm除外)。与所述上部界面层不同，所述下部界面层需要均匀地覆盖基材钢的整个表面，但是，当下部界面层的厚度超过500nm时，下部界面层没有均匀地覆盖基材钢的表面的可能性大。另外，在下部界面层均匀地覆盖基材钢的表面的前提下，其厚度越薄，均匀度一般会随之增加，因此，对下部界面层的厚度下限不作特别限定。
可以通过多种方法来制造以上说明的本发明的镀锌合金钢材，对其制造方法并不作特别限制。但是，作为其一个实施方式，可以通过如下方法制造。
下面，对本发明的一个方面的焊接性和加工部耐蚀性优异的镀锌合金钢材的制造方法进行详细说明。
表面活性化步骤
准备基材钢之后，执行所述基材钢的表面活性化。本步骤是为了在基材钢与镀锌合金层之间更容易地形成双重结构的Fe-Al系合金层而实施的步骤。
例如，表面活性化的基材钢的中心线平均粗糙度(Ra)可以为0.8～1.2μm，更优选地，可以为0.9～1.15μm，进一步优选地，可以为1.0～1.1μm。其中，中心线平均粗糙度(arithmetical average roughness，Ra)是指从中心线(centerline，arithmetical meanline of profile(算术平均中线))到截面曲线的平均高度。
并且，例如，表面活性化的基材钢的十点平均粗糙度(Rz)可以为7.5～15.5μm。其中，十点平均粗糙度(ten point median height，Rz)是指在截取部分的基准长度(cut-off)内的粗糙度曲线(roughness profile)中，分别经过自最高处的第三个波峰和自最低处的第三个波谷且与中心线平行的两个平行线之间的距离。
并且，例如，表面活性化的基材钢的最大高度粗糙度(Rmax)可以为8～16.5μm。其中，最大高度粗糙度(maximum height roughness，Rmax)是指在截取部分的基准长度(cut-off)内的粗糙度曲线中，与中心线平行且经过该曲线的最高点和最低点的两个平行线之间的上下距离。
将基材钢的表面粗糙度(Ra、Rz、Rmax)控制为如上所述的范围时，基材钢与镀液之间的反应更活跃，从而可以更容易地形成双重结构的界面层。
本发明中，对基材钢的表面进行活性化的方法不作特别限定，例如，可以通过等离子体处理或准分子激光处理来进行。对等离子体处理或准分子激光处理时的具体的工艺条件不作特别限定，只要能够将基材钢的表面活性化为如上所述的范围，则可以应用任何设备和/或条件。
但是，作为对基材钢的表面进行活性化的最优选的例子，可以利用如下的方法。
所述基材钢的表面活性化可以在射频功率(RF Power)为150～200W的条件下，通过等离子体处理来进行。将射频(RF)功率控制为如上所述的范围时，可以使相对于下部界面层面积的上部界面层的面积占有率最优化，由此，可以确保非常优异的焊接性和加工部耐蚀性。
并且，基材钢的表面活性化可以在惰性气体气氛中实施，此时，惰性气体气氛可以是氮气气氛或氩气气氛中的任一种。如上所述，当在惰性气体气氛下执行表面活性化时，存在于基材钢表面的氧化膜被去除，从而进一步提高镀液与基材钢的反应性，由此，可以在基材钢与镀锌合金层之间更容易地形成双重结构的Fe-Al系合金层。
表面氧化物层形成步骤
对基材钢进行热处理，从而在其表面上形成表面氧化物层。但是，本步骤的目的在于，当基材钢以重量％计，包括合计0.1％以上的选自Si、Mn和Ni中的一种或两种以上时，诱导所述Si、Mn和Ni的表面浓缩，从而在通过后续工艺形成的界面层内充分固溶所述Si、Mn和Ni，因此，本步骤并不是必要的步骤。
另外，只要在获得镀覆钢材的步骤之前执行本步骤，则对工艺顺序不作特别限定。例如，可以在基材钢的表面活性化之后，在表面活性化的基材钢上形成表面氧化物层，也可以在形成表面氧化物层之后，对形成表面氧化物层的基材钢进行表面活性化。
例如，所述热处理时，热处理温度可以为700～900℃，更优选可以为750～850℃。当热处理温度小于700℃时，其效果可能会不充分，相反，当热处理温度超过900℃时，工艺效率可能会降低。
获得镀锌合金钢材的步骤
将表面活性化的基材钢，或者经过表面活性化并形成表面氧化物层的基材钢浸渍在锌合金镀液中进行镀覆，从而获得镀锌合金钢材，其中，所述锌合金镀液以重量％计，包括：Al：0.1～5.0％、Mg：0.1～5.0％、余量的Zn以及不可避免的杂质。
此时，镀液的温度可以采用常规的镀液温度。一般而言，当镀液内的成分中的Al的含量变高时，熔点变高，从而镀液内部设备被侵蚀，导致缩短设备的寿命，不仅如此，镀液中增加Fe合金浮渣，从而可能会导致镀覆材料的表面不良。但是，本发明中，将Al的含量控制为较低的水平，即控制为0.5～3.0重量％，因此，没有必要将镀液的温度设置得高，优选地，采用常规的镀液温度。例如，镀液温度可以为430～480℃。
然后，对镀锌合金钢材进行气体擦拭处理，从而调节镀覆粘附量。所述气体擦拭处理是用于调整镀覆粘附量而实施的，对其方法不作特别限定。此时，所使用的气体可以利用空气或氮气，其中，更优选地，利用氮气。这是因为，当使用空气时，在镀层表面上优先发生Mg氧化，从而可能会引发镀层的表面缺陷。
然后，对镀覆粘附量得到调节的所述镀锌合金钢材进行冷却。本发明中，对所述冷却时的冷却速度和冷却终止温度不作特别限定，可以适用常规的冷却条件。另外，对所述冷却时的冷却方法也不作特别限定，例如，可以通过利用空气喷射冷却器(Air jet cooler)或者N2擦拭(wiping)或者喷洒水雾(water fog)等来进行冷却。
下面，将通过实施例更具体地说明本发明。但是，需要注意的是，下述实施例仅仅是为了例示本发明，从而使本发明具体化的，其并不限定本发明的权利范围。本发明的权利范围是根据权利要求书中记载的内容和由此合理推导的内容决定的。
具体实施方式
(实施例1)
准备厚度为0.8mm、宽度为100mm、长度为200mm的低碳冷轧钢板作为镀覆用试片之后，对其表面进行等离子体处理，从而进行表面活性化。其中，在表1中示出了表面活性化的基材钢的Ra、Rz和Rmax。然后，将表面处理的所述基材钢浸渍在具有下表1的组成的锌合金镀液中，从而制造镀锌合金钢材。然后，对所述镀锌合金钢材进行气体擦拭，由此将镀覆粘附量调节至每一面为70g/m2，并以10℃/sec的平均冷却速度冷却至常温(约25℃)。
然后，测定制造的每个镀锌合金钢材的界面层的组成、厚度、面积占有率等，并将其结果表示在下表1中。其测定方法如上面所述。
然后，对制造的每个镀锌合金钢材的焊接性和加工部耐蚀性进行评价，并将其结果表示在下表2中。
通过如下方法评价焊接性。
使用尖端直径为6mm的Cu-Cr电极，流通7kA的焊接电流，并以2.1kN的施加力，在11个循环(Cycles)(其中，1个循环(Cycle)指1/60秒，以下相同)的通电时间和11个循环(Cycles)的保持(Holding)时间的条件下进行焊接。每个实施例中共制造了5个试片，然后测定5个试片中发生的所有LME龟裂的长度，并导出平均LME龟裂长度和最高LME龟裂长度。其结果，当平均LME龟裂长度为20μm以下时，评价为“合格”，当平均LME龟裂长度超过20μm时，评价为“不合格”，并且，当最高LME龟裂长度为100μm以下时，评价为“合格”，当最高LME龟裂长度超过100μm时，评价为“不合格”。
通过如下方法评价加工部耐蚀性。
对每个镀覆钢材进行180℃弯曲加工(0T弯曲)之后，将经过弯曲加工的每个镀覆钢板装入盐水喷雾试验机，并根据国际标准(ASTM B117-11)测定出现红锈的时间。此时，利用了5％的盐水(温度为35℃，pH为6.8)，并每小时喷洒2ml/80cm2的盐水。当出现红锈的时间为500小时以上时，评价为“合格”，当该时间小于500小时时，评价为“不合格”。
表1
表2
参照表1和表2，可以确认，满足本发明的所有条件的发明例1中，平均LME龟裂长度为20μm以下，最高LME龟裂长度为100μm以下，焊接性优异，不仅如此，出现红锈的时间为500小时以上，加工部耐蚀性非常优异。与此相反，可以确认，比较例1和比较例2中，由于未形成双重结构的界面层，其焊接性和加工部耐蚀性差。
另外，图1是观察实施例1的发明例1的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像，图2是观察实施例1的比较例1的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像。
(实施例2)
为了评价基于等离子体处理条件的上部界面层的面积占有率等的变化，以及基于此的镀锌合金钢材的焊接性和加工部耐蚀性，其他条件与实施例1相同的情况下，只改变镀液组成(1.4重量％的Al、1.4重量％的Mg、余量的Zn)和等离子体处理条件来制造镀锌合金钢材。在下表3中示出了每个例子中的等离子体处理条件。
然后，测定制造的每个镀锌合金钢材的界面层的组成、厚度、面积占有率等，并将其结果一同表示在下表3中。其测定方法如上面所述。
然后，对制造的每个镀锌合金钢材的焊接性和加工部耐蚀性进行评价，并将其结果表示在下表4中。其评价方法如上面所述。
表3
表4
参照表3和表4，可以确认，相比于其他试片，控制上部界面层的面积占有率为40～70％的试片3和试片4的焊接性和加工部耐蚀性显著优异。
另外，图3是观察实施例2的试片编号1的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像，图4是观察实施例2的试片编号2的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像，图5是观察实施例2的试片编号3的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像，图6是观察实施例2的试片编号4的镀锌合金钢板的界面层的SEM图像。

Claims (19)

1.一种镀锌合金钢材，其包括基材钢和镀锌合金层，所述镀锌合金层，以重量％计，包括：Al：0.1～5.0％、Mg：0.1～5.0％、余量的Zn以及不可避免的杂质，
所述基材钢和所述镀锌合金层之间包括：下部界面层，形成在所述基材钢上，并具有细密的结构；以及上部界面层，形成在所述下部界面层上，并具有网络型或岛型结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镀锌合金钢材，其中，所述上部界面层和下部界面层包括Fe-Al系合金，所述Fe-Al系合金是选自Fe2Al5、FeAl3和FeAl中的一种或两种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的镀锌合金钢材，其中，相对于所述下部界面层的面积，所述上部界面层的面积占有率为10～90％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的镀锌合金钢材，其中，相对于所述下部界面层的面积，所述上部界面层的面积占有率为40～70％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的镀锌合金钢材，其中，所述上部界面层，以重量％计，包括：Al：15～80％、Fe：20～85％以及Zn：10％以下且包括0％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的镀锌合金钢材，其中，所述上部界面层的厚度为50～1000nm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的镀锌合金钢材，其中，所述上部界面层的厚度为75～450nm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的镀锌合金钢材，其中，所述下部界面层的厚度为500nm以下且0nm除外。
9.根据权利要求1所述的镀锌合金钢材，其中，所述基材钢，以重量％计，包括合计0.1％以上的选自Si、Mn和Ni中的一种或两种以上，所述上部界面层和下部界面层还包括0.001％以上的选自Si、Mn和Ni中的一种或两种以上。
10.一种镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，其包括以下步骤：
准备基材钢；
对所述基材钢进行表面活性化；
将表面活性化的所述基材钢浸渍在锌合金镀液中进行镀覆，从而获得镀锌合金钢材，其中，所述锌合金镀液以重量％计，包括：Al：0.1～5.0％、Mg：0.1～5.0％、余量的Zn以及不可避免的杂质；以及
对所述镀锌合金钢材进行气体擦拭，然后进行冷却。
11.根据权利要求10所述的镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，其中，表面活性化的所述基材钢的中心线平均粗糙度(Ra)为0.8～1.2μm，十点平均粗糙度(Rz)为7.5～15.5μm，最大高度粗糙度(Rmax)为8～16.5μm。
12.根据权利要求10所述的镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，其中，所述基材钢的表面活性化是通过等离子体处理或准分子激光处理来实现。
13.根据权利要求10所述的镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，其中，所述表面活性化是在射频功率为150～200W的条件下，通过等离子体处理来实现。
14.根据权利要求10所述的镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，其中，所述表面活性化是在惰性气体气氛下实施。
15.根据权利要求14所述的镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，其中，所述惰性气体气氛是氮气气氛、氩气气氛以及氮和氩的混合气体气氛中的任一种。
16.根据权利要求10所述的镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，其中，所述基材钢板，以重量％计，包括合计0.1％以上的选自Si、Mn和Ni中的一种或两种以上。
17.根据权利要求16所述的镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，其中，在将表面活性化的所述基材钢浸渍于镀液之前，还包括对表面活性化的所述基材钢板进行热处理而形成表面氧化物层的步骤。
18.根据权利要求16所述的镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，其中，在对所述基材钢进行表面活性化之前，还包括对所述基材钢进行热处理而形成表面氧化物层的步骤。
19.根据权利要求17或权利要求18所述的镀锌合金钢材的制造方法，其中，所述热处理时，热处理温度为700～900℃。
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