CN1070543C - 纤维素纤维的制造方法及纤维素纤维和产品 - Google Patents
纤维素纤维的制造方法及纤维素纤维和产品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及制造纤维素纤维的方法,此方法具有下列步骤:
(A)将含纤维素的材料溶解在含水的叔胺氧化物中,以获得可纺丝的纤维素溶液;
(B)将纤维素溶液纺丝,使丝条通过含水的凝固浴,由此得到含水的、溶胀的长丝;
(C)在不同的点压榨含水的、溶胀的长丝,这样使每毫米长丝长度平均至少有二个压榨点,和
(D)将压榨的长丝干燥成纤维素纤维,
其中压榨采用的力足够使在长丝上造成的压榨点还保留在干燥的纤维上,并在线性偏振光下可观察到颜色改变。
Description
本发明涉及按胺氧化物方法制造纤维素纤维的方法,以及纤维素纤维,特别是纤维素短纤维。
几十年来,一直寻找可代替今日大规模应用的粘胶法制造纤维素模制体的方法。作为一种尤其是由于具有较好的环境适应性而具吸引力的方法,已发现将未衍化的纤维素溶于有机溶剂中,并由此溶液挤出模制体,例如纤维,薄片和薄膜。这样挤出的纤维由BISFA(人造纤维标准化国际局)获得属名Lyocell。对有机溶剂BISFA理解为一种由有机化学品和水组成的混合物。
事实表明,叔胺氧化物和水的混合物特别适用作有机溶剂用于制造纤维素模制体。作为胺氧化物主要使用N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)。例如EP-A-0 553 070描述了其它的胺氧化物。例如由EP-A-0 356 419已知一种制造可模塑纤维素溶液的方法。应用叔胺氧化物制造纤维素模制体的过程通常称为胺氧化物法。
在US-A-4,246,221中描述了用胺氧化物法制造纤维素溶液,它是在一种模具中,例如在喷丝板中,纺成纤维并随后通过凝固浴,在此浴中纤维素凝固,得到含水的、溶胀的长丝。这些长丝可用常规的方法,即通过洗涤和后处理加工成纤维素纤维或短纤维。
众所周知,由胺氧化物溶液按干/湿纺丝法制造的纤维素纤维与天然的、卷曲的纤维素纤维,如棉花相反具有不分裂的,圆形的截面。圆截面和较光滑的表面会使在继续加工成纱线或织物时产生问题,例如在EP-A-0 574 870中所述,按此专利申请,此问题是在短纤维纺纱中缺乏纤维抱合力,在长丝纱中不够充足的纱线密度和由此纤维-和长丝纱组成的织物防滑移性太小。为解决此问题,在此专利公开中建议,将胺氧化物溶液挤压通过非圆形,而是异形的喷丝孔,例如Y-形孔。用此方法赋予Lyocell-纤维Y-形截面。
在国际化学纤维(杂志)中(Chemical Fibers Intemational(CFI),45卷,1995年2月,27和30页)示出四种纤维素纤维的显微镜图,这四种纤维全都是按胺氧化物法制造的。值得注意的是,这些纤维虽然事实上都是按胺氧化物法制造的,但却并不一致。这四种纤维之间的差别甚至于在显微镜下即能辨认出来。在上述文献中并没说明,专业人员可用什么方法制造这些不同的纤维素纤维,换言之,没有告知专业人员,用什么方法可使各种纤维赋予不同的外观。
欧洲纺织(Textilia Europe 6/94,6ff页)同样描述一种纤维素纤维,此纤维也是按胺氧化物法制造的,这里也没有告知专业人员有关制造的细节。此外由此文献中可知,这种没有指明制造方法的纤维素纤维具有永久性的卷曲,但这里也没有进一步详述如何理解这种卷曲和用什么方法赋予纤维这种卷曲。
由于各种不同原因,卷曲的纤维有利于加工成纤维,特别是短纤维。这样例如可使纤维较好梳理,因为这里需要纤维相互有一定的抱合,以能够制成梳理条子。卷曲的纤维比没有卷曲的纤维具有更高的条子抱合力,因此可提高梳理速度。
从现有技术已知一种所谓卷曲方法(crimp process),用此方法可以使纤维造成卷曲。但是用此法造成的卷曲大多数在梳理后,最迟在纺纱后又损失了,并在织物中不再存在。卷曲将赋予织物膨松和柔软的手感。
从WO 94/28220和WO 94/27903已知一种方法,用此方法可使Lyocell-纤维用机械方式得到卷曲。按此方法将新制造的长丝以粗条子形式首先通过一系列洗浴引出,以除去溶剂。然后将粗条子在约165℃进行干燥,并在干燥状态将其引入一个管状的设备中,在其中长丝条子被折叠并以此造成某种卷曲。此外,卷曲的纤维再用热的、干的蒸汽处理,然后切成短纤维。这些纤维的缺点是,它只能用昂贵方法制造,因为卷曲要求用专有的设备,并且卷曲是通过纤维的折叠造成的。此外还表明,用此已知的方法用机械方式造成的卷曲在纤维几道后加工步骤后又重新失去。
本发明提出的任务是,提供一种新的Lyocell-纤维的制造方法,该纤维比普通的Lyocell-纤维能更容易继续加工成纱线和织物。这种新的纤维不是按WO 94/28220或WO 94/27903用机械卷曲制造的。此纤维也不是采用喷丝孔为非圆形截面的喷丝板制造的。相反,按本发明制造的Lyocell-纤维是用喷丝孔截面为圆形的普通啧丝板制造的。
本发明制造纤维素纤维的方法具有以下步骤:
(A)将含纤维素的材料溶解在含水的叔胺氧化物中,以获得可纺丝的纤维素溶液;
(B)将纤维素溶液纺丝,使丝条通过含水的凝固浴,由此得到含水的、溶胀的长丝;
(C)在不同的点压榨含水的、溶胀的长丝,这样使每毫米长丝长度平均至少有二个压榨点;和
(D)将压榨的长丝干燥成纤维素纤维,
其中压榨采用的力足够使在长丝上造成的压榨点还保留在干燥的纤维上,并在线性偏振光下可观察到颜色改变。
关于“压榨点”一词,对本说明和本权利要求书的目的,也可理解为弯曲、扭转以及长丝和短纤维截面形状的其它改变。
本发明基于这样的认识,按胺氧化物法制造的长丝在溶胀状态通过压榨可改变它的截面形状,并且当用足够的力压榨时,这种压榨点在干燥后会保留下来。用此方法可制造这样的纤维素纤维,它在压榨点的截面形状不是圆形而是变成椭圆形。压榨点在显微镜下也可作为凹缩、加宽(Verbreitung)或弯曲辨认出。
挤压时所用的力的大小当然是与许多因素有关,例如纤维的纤度、溶胀度及所需截面变化的程度。本发明的发明者确认,为达到所需的截面变化要求的力可用简单方法通过予试验进行测定。
纤维的压榨可以这样达到:使溶胀的长丝通过适宜的成形模具,例如热压定型机,热压定型机的表面通过凸出和凹陷构成,以使溶胀的长丝在长度方向置于不同程度的压力之下,由此方法使长丝不同程度地变形。
溶胀的纤维也可这样压榨:使长丝通过一个辊子,并用一个表面有适宜结构的对辊施加压榨长丝所需的力。
此外,还可将溶胀的长丝合并成由数以千计的长丝组成的条子,在长度方向扭转它并在此状态使它通过一对辊子,辊子施加压榨所需的力。
压榨优选这样实施:每毫米长丝长度至少有三个,特别是至少有六个压榨点。
事实表明,按本发明制造的纤维更容易梳理,因压榨点明显地赋予纤维相互间一定的抱合力,使梳理条子更容易制成。按本发明制造的纤维在其整个长度上比普通的完全是圆形截面的Lyocell-纤维具有更高的条子抱合力。这有可能使梳理速度得以提高。
本发明方法的优选实施形式的特征在于,在上述步骤(B)得到的,含水的、溶胀的长丝在压榨之前切断。
本发明方法的另一个优选实施形式的特征是,由切断的、含水的、溶胀的长丝在压榨之前形成纤维网,其中切断的长丝是统计取向的,并压榨纤维网。事实表明,在此情况下,压榨面不一定需具有某种结构,因为用于印烙不规则表面必要的不同程度的压力可由下列事实而达到:纤维由于统计的取向而相互重叠,因此在压榨过程中纤维重叠的地方显然比其它地方被施加更高的压力。这样导致不同的截面形变。
在本发明方法的这种实施形式中,压榨可与粘胶法中已知的、从短纤维网压榨洗涤水的常见过程一起实施。脱水一般用一个或多个轧辊对进行,用这些轧辊对将短纤维网送到一个传送筛网上。但关键的是,用这个(些)轧辊对将足够高的压力施加于纤维网上,它不仅使水含量减少,而且也可足以使切断的,溶胀的纤维截面充分改变。
本发明也涉及一种纤维素纤维,特别是一种可按本发明方法制造的纤维素短纤维。本发明纤维的特征是,保留了纤维截面上的变化,也就是说在梳理后或在纺纱后它不会消失。这样使本发明的Lyocell-纤维的继续加工变得容易。
此外,事实令人惊讶地表明,按胺氧化物法制造的纤维通过截面变化不会损害纤维的强度和伸长。
本发明还包括纱线、织物、非织造布、纬编织物和针织物,其特征是,它们含有本发明的纤维。
用下列实例进一步解释本发明。实例l
首先在含水的NMMO中制备纤维素可纺丝溶液,在此应用在EP-A-0 356 419描述的方法。
此可纺丝的溶液按在WO 93/19230中描述的方法,应用圆形喷丝孔的喷丝板纺成长丝。丝条在气隙拉出后引入含水的凝固浴中,在此纤维素凝固。得到以溶胀状态存在的和水塑性的(hydroplastisch)含水长丝,再将其切成4cm长的短纤维。
切断的长丝在混合器中于水中悬浮,在水中悬浮的切断的长丝施加至输送筛网上,形成切断纤维的纤维网,纤维表现出随机取向。
输送筛网通过一对轧辊对,在此将约106Pa的压力施加于纤维网上0.1秒时间。然后洗涤纤维网,并使之通过一对轧辊对,再施加约106帕的压力。然后将得到的短纤维进行干燥。
在偏光显微镜下(放大倍数:400倍)研究本发明的纤维,结果表明,每毫米长的纤维平均有7个压榨点,在这些点可辨认出偏振光颜色变化。在压榨点上纤维的截面不是圆形的,而是或多或少无规则的变形。透射光颜色的变化是由于在各压榨点上纤维的不同厚度造成的。
得到的纤维制造纱线,和按DIN 53834,第1部分测定纤维条子的抱合长度。按本发明制造的纤维比不按本发明制造的基本上具有圆形截面的纤维显示更大的抱合长度。
Claims (10)
1.制造纤维素纤维的方法,所述方法具有如下步骤:
(A)将含纤维素的材料溶解在含水的叔胺氧化物中,以获得可纺丝的纤维素溶液;
(B)将纤维素溶液纺丝,使丝条通过含水的凝固浴,由此得到含水的、溶胀的长丝;
(C)在不同的点压榨含水的、溶胀的长丝,这样使每毫米长丝长度平均至少有二个压榨点,和
(D)将压榨的长丝干燥成纤维素纤维,
其中压榨采用的力足够使在长丝上造成的压榨点还保留在干燥的纤维上,并在线性偏振光下可观察到颜色改变。
2.按权利要求1的方法,其特征是,压榨是这样进行的,使每毫米长丝长度上平均至少有三个压榨点。
3.按权利要求1的方法,其特征是,压榨是这样进行的,使每毫米长丝长度上平均至少有六个压榨点。
4.按权利要求1至3之一的制造纤维素纤维的方法,其特征是,在步骤(B)得到的含水的、溶胀的长丝在压榨前切断。
5.按权利要求4的制造纤维素纤维的方法,其特征是,由切断的、含水的、溶胀的长丝中在压榨之前制成纤维网,其中切断纤维是统计取向的,和将纤维网进行压榨。
6.可按权利要求1至3之一的方法得到的纤维素纤维。
7.可按权利要求4或5得到的纤维素短纤维。
8.纱线,其特征是,它含有权利要求6或7之一的纤维素纤维。
9.织物,其特征是,它含有权利要求6或7之一的纤维素纤维。
10.非织造布、纬编织物和针织物,其特征是,它们含有权利要求6和7之一的纤维素纤维。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT0170395A AT402741B (de) | 1995-10-13 | 1995-10-13 | Verfahren zur herstellung cellulosischer fasern |
ATA1703/1995 | 1995-10-13 | ||
ATA1703/95 | 1995-10-13 |
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CN1173901A CN1173901A (zh) | 1998-02-18 |
CN1070543C true CN1070543C (zh) | 2001-09-05 |
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CN96191689A Expired - Lifetime CN1070543C (zh) | 1995-10-13 | 1996-10-08 | 纤维素纤维的制造方法及纤维素纤维和产品 |
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US (1) | US6117378A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0797696B2 (zh) |
JP (4) | JP3884479B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100430921B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1070543C (zh) |
AT (2) | AT402741B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU705530B2 (zh) |
BG (1) | BG63643B1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9606687A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2206250C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ290849B6 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19680883D2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0797696T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2120286T5 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2310630B (zh) |
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NO (1) | NO309490B1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL188136B1 (zh) |
RO (2) | RO116653B1 (zh) |
SI (1) | SI0797696T1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK284228B6 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199700493T1 (zh) |
TW (2) | TW421677B (zh) |
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AT402741B (de) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-08-25 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung cellulosischer fasern |
CN1061106C (zh) * | 1997-12-09 | 2001-01-24 | 宜宾丝丽雅集团有限公司 | 溶剂法纤维素纤维制造方法 |
AT406588B (de) | 1998-09-29 | 2000-06-26 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung cellulosischer fasern |
DE102005024433A1 (de) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-02-16 | Zimmer Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schneiden von NMMO-haltigen Spinnfäden sowie für Zellulose-Stapelfasern |
DK1936017T3 (da) * | 2006-12-22 | 2013-11-04 | Reifenhaeuser Gmbh & Co Kg | Fremgangsmåde og indretning til fremstilling af spunbonded stof af cellulosefilamenter |
KR100865135B1 (ko) | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-24 | 주식회사 효성 | 의류용 라이오셀 필라멘트의 제조방법 |
AT505511B1 (de) * | 2007-07-11 | 2014-03-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Füllfaser mit verbessertem öffnungsverhalten, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
AT506268B1 (de) | 2008-01-11 | 2014-08-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Mikrofaser |
KR101455002B1 (ko) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-11-03 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 담배필터용 라이오셀 소재 및 그 제조방법 |
TWI667378B (zh) | 2014-01-03 | 2019-08-01 | 奧地利商蘭精股份有限公司 | 纖維素纖維 |
KR102211219B1 (ko) | 2014-06-30 | 2021-02-03 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 담배필터용 이형단면 라이오셀 소재 및 그 제조방법 |
KR102211186B1 (ko) | 2014-12-31 | 2021-02-03 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 담배필터용 라이오셀 소재 및 그 제조방법 |
DE202015102564U1 (de) | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-13 | W. Pelz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Oraltabakpackung |
CN105200670B (zh) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-08-01 | 赖明荣 | 一种耐低温无纺布 |
EP3467161A1 (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Lyocell type cellulose filament production process |
CN109809953A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-28 | 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 | 一种带孔型产气剂模压制品及其制备工艺 |
EP3771755A1 (de) | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-03 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von lyocell-stapelfasern |
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- 1996-10-08 GB GB9712422A patent/GB2310630B/en not_active Revoked
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