JPH10511151A - セルロースファイバの製造方法 - Google Patents
セルロースファイバの製造方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH10511151A JPH10511151A JP9515338A JP51533897A JPH10511151A JP H10511151 A JPH10511151 A JP H10511151A JP 9515338 A JP9515338 A JP 9515338A JP 51533897 A JP51533897 A JP 51533897A JP H10511151 A JPH10511151 A JP H10511151A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- fiber
- filament
- cellulose fiber
- producing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylmorpholine N-oxide Chemical compound CN1(=O)CCOCC1 LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000404360 Textilia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/26—Formation of staple fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
- D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.(A) セルロース含有材料を水性第3アミンオキサイドに溶解して紡糸可 能セルロース溶液を得る工程、 (B) セルロース溶液を紡糸し、水性沈殿浴に通過させて水含有膨張フィラメ ントを得る工程、 (C) 水含有膨張フィラメントをさまざまな点で絞り、その結果フィラメント 長のミリメートル当たり、平均で少なくとも二つの絞り点を得る工程、及び (D) 絞ったフィラメントをセルロースファイバに乾燥してセルロースファイ バを製造する工程を含むセルロースファイバの製造方法であって、フィラメント に形成した絞り点を乾燥ファイバでも維持し、線形偏光の下で観察する際、色の 変化として見ることができるように、十分に高圧で絞りを行う、 セルロースファイバの製造方法。 2.フィラメント長のミリメートル当たり、平均で少なくとも三つの絞り点を得 るように絞りを行う、請求項1記載の方法。 3.フィラメント長のミリメートル当たり、平均で少なくとも六つの絞り点を得 るように絞りを行う、請求項1記載の方法。 4.工程(B)で得た膨張フィラメントを絞りの前にカットする、請求項1〜3 のいずれか1項記載のセルロースファイバ製造方法。 5.絞りの前に、カットしたフィラメントがランダム配向性であるフリースを、 カットした水含有膨張フィラメントから製造し、該フリースを加圧する、請求項 4記載のセルロースファイバ製造方法。 6.請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の方法によって得ることができるセルロー スファイバ。 7.請求項4又は5のいずれか1項記載の方法によって得ることができるセルロ ースステープルファイバ。 8.請求項6及び7のうち、いずれか1項記載の方法によるセルロースファイバ を含むことを特徴とする、撚り糸。 9.請求項6及び7のうち、いずれか1項記載の方法によるセルロースファイバ を含むことを特徴とする、布。 10.請求項6及び7のうち、いずれか1項記載の方法によるセルロースファイ バを含むことを特徴とする、不織布及びメリヤス。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT1703/95 | 1995-10-13 | ||
AT0170395A AT402741B (de) | 1995-10-13 | 1995-10-13 | Verfahren zur herstellung cellulosischer fasern |
PCT/AT1996/000188 WO1997014829A1 (de) | 1995-10-13 | 1996-10-08 | Verfahren zur herstellung cellulosischer fasern |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006242655A Division JP2007016381A (ja) | 1995-10-13 | 2006-09-07 | セルロースファイバ、セルロースステープルファイバ、撚り糸、布、不織布及びメリヤス |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH10511151A true JPH10511151A (ja) | 1998-10-27 |
JP3884479B2 JP3884479B2 (ja) | 2007-02-21 |
Family
ID=3519158
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51533897A Expired - Lifetime JP3884479B2 (ja) | 1995-10-13 | 1996-10-08 | セルロースファイバの製造方法 |
JP2006242655A Withdrawn JP2007016381A (ja) | 1995-10-13 | 2006-09-07 | セルロースファイバ、セルロースステープルファイバ、撚り糸、布、不織布及びメリヤス |
JP2008237404A Withdrawn JP2009013577A (ja) | 1995-10-13 | 2008-09-17 | セルロースステープルファイバ、撚り糸、布、不織布及びメリヤス |
JP2010076444A Expired - Lifetime JP5043144B2 (ja) | 1995-10-13 | 2010-03-29 | セルロースステープルファイバ、撚り糸、布、不織布及びメリヤス |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006242655A Withdrawn JP2007016381A (ja) | 1995-10-13 | 2006-09-07 | セルロースファイバ、セルロースステープルファイバ、撚り糸、布、不織布及びメリヤス |
JP2008237404A Withdrawn JP2009013577A (ja) | 1995-10-13 | 2008-09-17 | セルロースステープルファイバ、撚り糸、布、不織布及びメリヤス |
JP2010076444A Expired - Lifetime JP5043144B2 (ja) | 1995-10-13 | 2010-03-29 | セルロースステープルファイバ、撚り糸、布、不織布及びメリヤス |
Country Status (28)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6117378A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0797696B2 (ja) |
JP (4) | JP3884479B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100430921B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1070543C (ja) |
AT (2) | AT402741B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU705530B2 (ja) |
BG (1) | BG63643B1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9606687A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2206250C (ja) |
CZ (1) | CZ290849B6 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE59600380D1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK0797696T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2120286T5 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2310630B (ja) |
GR (1) | GR3027605T3 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1009161A1 (ja) |
HU (1) | HU221512B (ja) |
MY (1) | MY113879A (ja) |
NO (1) | NO309490B1 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL188136B1 (ja) |
RO (2) | RO120276B1 (ja) |
SI (1) | SI0797696T1 (ja) |
SK (1) | SK284228B6 (ja) |
TR (1) | TR199700493T1 (ja) |
TW (2) | TW421677B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997014829A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA968515B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT402741B (de) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-08-25 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung cellulosischer fasern |
CN1061106C (zh) * | 1997-12-09 | 2001-01-24 | 宜宾丝丽雅集团有限公司 | 溶剂法纤维素纤维制造方法 |
AT406588B (de) | 1998-09-29 | 2000-06-26 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung cellulosischer fasern |
DE102005024433A1 (de) * | 2005-05-24 | 2006-02-16 | Zimmer Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schneiden von NMMO-haltigen Spinnfäden sowie für Zellulose-Stapelfasern |
ES2434019T3 (es) * | 2006-12-22 | 2013-12-13 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik | Procedimiento y dispositivo para la fabricación de una tela hilada por adhesión a partir de filamentos de celulosa |
KR100865135B1 (ko) | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-24 | 주식회사 효성 | 의류용 라이오셀 필라멘트의 제조방법 |
AT505511B1 (de) * | 2007-07-11 | 2014-03-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Füllfaser mit verbessertem öffnungsverhalten, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
AT506268B1 (de) | 2008-01-11 | 2014-08-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Mikrofaser |
KR101455002B1 (ko) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-11-03 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 담배필터용 라이오셀 소재 및 그 제조방법 |
TWI667378B (zh) | 2014-01-03 | 2019-08-01 | 奧地利商蘭精股份有限公司 | 纖維素纖維 |
KR102211219B1 (ko) | 2014-06-30 | 2021-02-03 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 담배필터용 이형단면 라이오셀 소재 및 그 제조방법 |
KR102211186B1 (ko) | 2014-12-31 | 2021-02-03 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 담배필터용 라이오셀 소재 및 그 제조방법 |
DE202015102564U1 (de) | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-13 | W. Pelz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Oraltabakpackung |
CN105200670B (zh) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-08-01 | 赖明荣 | 一种耐低温无纺布 |
CN109809953A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-28 | 湖北航鹏化学动力科技有限责任公司 | 一种带孔型产气剂模压制品及其制备工艺 |
EP3771755A1 (de) | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-03 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von lyocell-stapelfasern |
Family Cites Families (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE439681C (de) * | 1925-02-19 | 1927-01-15 | Lilly Mueller | Verfahren zum Wellen von glatten Kunstseidefasern |
NL52647C (ja) * | 1938-09-29 | |||
DE868042C (de) * | 1944-07-06 | 1953-02-23 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Veredelung von Fasern aus synthetischen linearen Hochpolymeren |
DE1114416B (de) * | 1955-11-19 | 1961-09-28 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Garnen mit Wollcharakter nach Kamm- und Streichgarnart aus thermoplastischen synthetischen Fasern oder Gemischen solcher Fasern mit anderen Fasern |
US3447939A (en) * | 1966-09-02 | 1969-06-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Compounds dissolved in cyclic amine oxides |
US3447956A (en) * | 1966-09-02 | 1969-06-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for strengthening swellable fibrous material with an amine oxide and the resulting material |
US3982325A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1976-09-28 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method of solvent drying |
US4416698A (en) * | 1977-07-26 | 1983-11-22 | Akzona Incorporated | Shaped cellulose article prepared from a solution containing cellulose dissolved in a tertiary amine N-oxide solvent and a process for making the article |
FI64605C (fi) * | 1982-03-30 | 1983-12-12 | Neste Oy | Foerfarande foer behandling av fibrer av cellulosaderivat |
WO1984000325A1 (en) * | 1982-07-12 | 1984-02-02 | Wolfgang Mehl | Carrier surface for dry thermal printing of cellulose fibers |
US5094690A (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1992-03-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Process and arrangement for preparing a solution of cellulose |
US5520869A (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1996-05-28 | Courtaulds Plc | Treatment of fibre |
AT396930B (de) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-12-27 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Aminoxide |
DE4308524C1 (de) * | 1992-06-16 | 1994-09-22 | Thueringisches Inst Textil | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cellulosefasern und -filamenten nach dem Trocken-Naßextrusionsverfahren |
US5882356A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1999-03-16 | Courtaulds Fibres (Holdings) Limited | Fibre treatment |
GB9304887D0 (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1993-04-28 | Courtaulds Plc | Fibre treatment |
TW256860B (ja) * | 1993-05-24 | 1995-09-11 | Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd | |
TR28495A (tr) * | 1993-05-24 | 1996-09-02 | Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd | Cözgenden cekilmis kivirciklastirilmis sellüloz lifi üretimi. |
AT399729B (de) * | 1993-07-01 | 1995-07-25 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung cellulosischer fasern sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens und deren verwendung |
GB9404547D0 (en) † | 1994-03-09 | 1994-04-20 | Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd | Fibre production process |
GB9404510D0 (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 1994-04-20 | Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd | Fibre treatment |
GB9407496D0 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1994-06-08 | Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd | Fibre treatment |
GB9412501D0 (en) * | 1994-06-22 | 1994-08-10 | Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd | Manufacture of fibre |
AT401392B (de) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-08-26 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines cellulosischen formkörpers |
AT402741B (de) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-08-25 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung cellulosischer fasern |
-
1995
- 1995-10-13 AT AT0170395A patent/AT402741B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-10-01 TW TW087103019A patent/TW421677B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-01 TW TW085111971A patent/TW357201B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-04 MY MYPI96004112A patent/MY113879A/en unknown
- 1996-10-08 RO ROA200100266A patent/RO120276B1/ro unknown
- 1996-10-08 HU HU9800831A patent/HU221512B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-08 DK DK96932374T patent/DK0797696T3/da active
- 1996-10-08 RO RO97-01053A patent/RO116653B1/ro unknown
- 1996-10-08 KR KR1019970704062A patent/KR100430921B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-08 CA CA002206250A patent/CA2206250C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-08 TR TR97/00493T patent/TR199700493T1/xx unknown
- 1996-10-08 AU AU71205/96A patent/AU705530B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-10-08 SK SK724-97A patent/SK284228B6/sk unknown
- 1996-10-08 US US08/849,464 patent/US6117378A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-08 DE DE59600380T patent/DE59600380D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-08 PL PL96320740A patent/PL188136B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-08 AT AT96932374T patent/ATE169063T1/de active
- 1996-10-08 CN CN96191689A patent/CN1070543C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-08 CZ CZ19971614A patent/CZ290849B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-08 SI SI9630026T patent/SI0797696T1/xx unknown
- 1996-10-08 WO PCT/AT1996/000188 patent/WO1997014829A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-10-08 DE DE19680883T patent/DE19680883D2/de not_active Ceased
- 1996-10-08 BR BR9606687A patent/BR9606687A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-08 ES ES96932374T patent/ES2120286T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-08 GB GB9712422A patent/GB2310630B/en not_active Revoked
- 1996-10-08 EP EP96932374A patent/EP0797696B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-08 JP JP51533897A patent/JP3884479B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-09 ZA ZA968515A patent/ZA968515B/xx unknown
-
1997
- 1997-05-28 NO NO972440A patent/NO309490B1/no unknown
- 1997-06-26 BG BG101688A patent/BG63643B1/bg unknown
-
1998
- 1998-08-07 GR GR980401783T patent/GR3027605T3/el unknown
- 1998-08-13 HK HK98109930A patent/HK1009161A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-09-07 JP JP2006242655A patent/JP2007016381A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-09-17 JP JP2008237404A patent/JP2009013577A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-03-29 JP JP2010076444A patent/JP5043144B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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