CN106916619A - 减速机用润滑剂组合物及减速机 - Google Patents

减速机用润滑剂组合物及减速机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106916619A
CN106916619A CN201611168208.XA CN201611168208A CN106916619A CN 106916619 A CN106916619 A CN 106916619A CN 201611168208 A CN201611168208 A CN 201611168208A CN 106916619 A CN106916619 A CN 106916619A
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China
Prior art keywords
reductor
calcium salt
lubricant compositions
oil
wax
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今井淳
今井淳一
市村亮辅
斋藤绫佑
谷村公
王宏猷
熊谷隆秀
服部泰幸
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Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
Nabtesco Corp
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Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
Nabtesco Corp
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Publication of CN106916619A publication Critical patent/CN106916619A/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供减速机用润滑剂组合物及减速机，所述减速机用润滑剂组合物为高温下的寿命长且低温下的输入扭矩低的偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机用润滑剂组合物。偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机用润滑剂组合物含有下述成分(a)～(c)：(a)包含合成油的基础油、(b)烃系蜡、以及(c)选自由石油磺酸的钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐、氧化蜡的钙盐、石油磺酸的高碱性钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐和氧化蜡的高碱性钙盐组成的组中的至少一种钙盐。

Description

减速机用润滑剂组合物及减速机
技术领域
本发明涉及用于偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机的润滑剂组合物、以及使用其的偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机。
背景技术
减速机的内部由多个滑动部分和滚动部分构成，如果在输入侧施加扭矩，则会减速而向输出侧传递高扭矩。这样的减速机在铁道、航空、船舶等运输领域以及机器人等产业领域中被广泛利用。
作为减速机的性能之一，要求输出侧扭矩长时间恒定而不变动。特别是，在安装于机器人的关节部的减速机(例如，专利文献1中记载的偏心摆动式减速机)中，从能够实现精密的动作的方面出发，要求尽可能抑制输出侧扭矩的变动。但是，存在如下问题：减速机在动作后内部构件的形状发生变化，例如因产生钢对钢的滑动时的金属接触部的损伤等而输出侧扭矩的变动变大。该问题尤其在高温下变得显著，如果达到高温，则减速机的寿命变短。
作为减速机用润滑剂组合物，提出了内部摩擦降低效果高、减速机效率提高效果高的在二硫代氨基甲酸钼中配合有钙盐的润滑油或润滑脂(例如，专利文献2)。但是，包含二硫代氨基甲酸钼和钙盐的润滑剂组合物在改善高温下的减速机的寿命方面尚不充分。
此外，随着减速机的使用环境的扩大，要求在寒冷地区等中也能够使用减速机。寒冷地区等中，在冬季那样的低温下，输入侧扭矩(启动扭矩)会增大，减速机的启动效率会变低。因此，期望开发不仅具有高温下的耐久性、而且低温下的输入扭矩降低的减速机用润滑剂组合物。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2006-077980
专利文献2：日本特开2004-339411
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
因此，本发明的目的在于，提供一种高温下的寿命长且低温下的输入扭矩低的偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机用润滑剂组合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于，提供一种高温下的寿命长且低温下的输入扭矩低的偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机。
用于解决课题的方法
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下。
1.一种偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机用润滑剂组合物，其特征在于，含有下述成分(a)～(c)：
(a)包含合成油的基础油、
(b)烃系蜡、以及
(c)选自由石油磺酸的钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐、氧化蜡的钙盐、石油磺酸的高碱性钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐和氧化蜡的高碱性钙盐组成的组中的至少一种钙盐。
2.根据1所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，(b)烃系蜡为选自由聚乙烯蜡和聚丙烯蜡组成的组中的至少一种。
3.根据1或2所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，全部组合物中，(b)烃系蜡的含量为0.1～20质量％。
4.根据1～3中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，(a)基础油中的合成油为合成烃油。
5.根据1～4中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，(a)基础油在40℃的运动粘度为20～300mm2/s。
6.根据1～5中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，(c)钙盐为烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐和烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐。
7.一种偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机，其封入有1～6中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物。
发明效果
本发明的减速机用润滑剂组合物与以往的减速机用润滑剂组合物相比，能够改善高温下的减速机的寿命。因此，封入有该润滑剂组合物的本发明的减速机即使在高温下也寿命长。此外，本发明的减速机用润滑剂组合物能够抑制低温下的输入扭矩增大。因此，封入有该润滑剂组合物的本发明的减速机即使在寒冷地区等中也能够适合使用。进而，本发明的减速机用润滑剂组合物能够增大减速机的启动效率。
具体实施方式
1.基础油
本发明中使用的(a)基础油以合成油为必需成分，可以进一步包含矿物油等其他基础油。作为合成油，可以使用合成烃油、酯油、苯醚、聚乙二醇等通常润滑剂组合物中可使用的合成油的任一种。合成油可以单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上并用。优选的合成油为合成烃油。作为合成烃油，具体可以举出将一种或两种以上α-烯烃混合并聚合而成的烃油。作为α-烯烃，可以举出将乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、它们的衍生物等作为原料而制造的α-烯烃，可以优选举出碳原子数6～18的α-烯烃(例如，1-癸稀、1-十二稀等)。最优选的合成烃油是作为1-癸稀、1-十二稀的低聚物的聚-α-烯烃(PAO)。
作为基础油，优选为包含合成烃油(例如，PAO)的基础油，更优选为合成烃油(例如，PAO)与矿物油的组合。
基础油中的合成油(例如，PAO等合成烃油)的比例优选为10～100质量％，更优选为10～50质量％(例如，10～20质量％)。如果小于10质量％，则有可能低温下的输入扭矩上升。
润滑剂组合物中的基础油的比例优选为50～99质量％，更优选为70～95质量％。
本发明中使用的基础油在40℃的运动粘度例如为20～300mm2/s，优选为30～220mm2/s(例如，40～200mm2/s)，更优选为50～150mm2/s(特别是60～100mm2/s)。如果低于20mm2/s，则有高温下的寿命变得不充分的倾向，此外，如果超过300mm2/s，则有低温时的启动发生故障的倾向。需要说明的是，在40℃的运动粘度利用依照JIS K 2283的方法进行测定。
2.烃系蜡
作为本发明中使用的(b)烃系蜡，没有特别限定，例如包含选自由聚烯烃蜡(聚乙烯蜡、酸化聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡、乙烯-丙烯共聚蜡等)、褐煤蜡和酰胺蜡组成的组中的至少一种化合物。
烃系蜡中，优选为聚烯烃蜡。聚烯烃蜡的重均分子量没有特别限定，例如为1,000～20,000的程度。此外，聚烯烃蜡的熔融粘度没有特别限定，例如，可以在140℃为25000～30000mPa·s，也可以在170℃为9000～10000mPa·s。进一步，对于聚烯烃蜡的密度也没有特别限定，可以为高密度(例如，0.96g/cm3以上)、中密度(例如，0.94～0.95g/cm3)及低密度(例如，0.93g/cm3以下)的任一种。如果为高密度，则具有熔点、软化点、结晶化度高，硬度大这样的特征，如果为低密度，则具有熔点、软化点低，为软质这样的特征。关于聚烯烃蜡，从耐热性的观点考虑，滴点优选为100℃以上，更优选为110℃以上，从在基础油中的溶解性的观点考虑，滴点优选为150℃以下，更优选为135℃以下。此外，聚烯烃蜡的酸值优选为0～10mgKOH/g，更优选为0～5mgKOH/g。如果酸值处于这样的范围，则酸成分对润滑剂组合物的氧化劣化的影响少，因此优选。
聚烯烃蜡中，优选为选自由聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡和乙烯-丙烯共聚蜡组成的组中的至少一种，更优选为选自由聚乙烯蜡和聚丙烯蜡组成的组中的至少一种。
作为聚乙烯蜡的市售品，可以举出日本科莱恩株式会社制的Licowax PE520、PE190、PE130等，作为聚丙烯蜡的市售品，可以举出日本科莱恩株式会社制的Licosen PP7502、PP 3602、Ceridust 6050M，三井化学株式会社制的Hi-WAX NP105、NP500等。
最优选的烃系蜡为聚丙烯蜡。
润滑剂组合物中的烃系蜡的比例例如为0.1～20质量％，优选为0.1～10质量％，更优选为0.5～7质量％，进一步优选为1～5质量％。
3.钙盐
本发明中使用的(c)钙盐为选自由石油磺酸的钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐、氧化蜡的钙盐、石油磺酸的高碱性钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐和氧化蜡的高碱性钙盐组成的组中的至少一种。
需要说明的是，本说明书中，“X的高碱性钙盐”是指依照JIS K 2501进行测定的碱值为200mgKOH/g以上的、X的钙盐。此外，在仅记载为“X的钙盐”的情况下，该“X的钙盐”是指高碱性钙盐以外的钙盐(中性或碱性钙盐)、即依照JIS K 2501进行测定的碱值小于200mgKOH/g的、X的钙盐。
作为钙盐，优选为选自由烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐和烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐组成的组中的至少一种，更优选为烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐和烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐的组合。上述组合中，烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐的比例例如为50～99质量％，优选为60～90质量％，更优选为65～80质量％。通过上述组合，进一步提高高温下的耐久性。
润滑剂组合物中的钙盐的比例优选为0.1～20质量％，更优选为0.5～10质量％(例如，1～5质量％)。在小于0.1质量％时，有高温下的寿命变得不充分的倾向，此外，如果超过20质量％，则有与添加量对应的效果变得不充分的倾向。
4.增稠剂
本发明的润滑剂组合物可以包含(d)增稠剂。作为增稠剂，可以举出全部增稠剂。例如，以锂皂、复合锂皂为代表的皂系增稠剂，以双脲为代表的脲系增稠剂，以有机粘土、二氧化硅为代表的无机系增稠剂，以PTFE为代表的有机系增稠剂等，优选为锂皂系增稠剂、脲系增稠剂，更优选为锂皂系增稠剂。
润滑剂组合物中的增稠剂的比例优选为0～20质量％(例如，1～15质量％)，进一步优选为0.5～10质量％(例如，0.5～3质量％)。在小于0.5质量％时，增稠效果消失，如果超过20质量％，则润滑剂组合物变得过硬，向润滑部的流入消失，存在难以获得充分的效果的倾向。
在润滑剂组合物包含增稠剂的情况下，润滑剂组合物的稠度优选为300～450(例如，350～410)，更优选为395～425。需要说明的是，稠度是如JIS K2220中所定义，将试样在规定的混合器中60次往复混合后立即测定的值。
在本发明的润滑剂组合物中，可以根据需要配合其他任意的添加剂。作为任意的添加剂，例如可以举出(c)钙盐以外的防锈剂或清洁分散剂、极压剂、抗氧化剂、防金属腐蚀剂、油性剂、耐磨耗剂、固体润滑剂等。
其中，优选为(e)极压剂。
5.极压剂
作为本发明中任意使用的(e)极压剂，没有特别限制，例如可以使用选自硫代磷酸盐和硫代氨基甲酸中的至少一种。作为硫代磷酸盐，可以举出二硫代磷酸盐，优选为二硫代磷酸(例如，二烷基二硫代磷酸)的锌盐或钼盐。此外，作为硫代氨基甲酸，可以举出二硫代氨基甲酸盐，优选为二硫代氨基甲酸(例如，二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸)的锌盐或钼盐。
优选的极压剂为选自由二硫代氨基甲酸钼和二硫代磷酸锌组成的组中的至少一种，更优选的极压剂为二硫代氨基甲酸钼(特别是二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼)与二硫代磷酸锌(特别是二烷基二硫代磷酸锌)的组合。上述组合中的二硫代氨基甲酸钼的比例优选为50～99质量％，更优选为55～90质量％。
润滑剂组合物中的极压剂的比例优选为0～1.5质量％，更优选为0.5～1质量％。如果超过1.5质量％，则会发生由添加剂的析出引起的减速机的振动等的概率上升。
作为本发明的润滑剂组合物的优选方式之一，可以举出以下的方式。
一种偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机用润滑剂组合物，含有下述成分(a)～(e)：
(a)包含合成烃油的基础油、
(b)选自由聚乙烯蜡和聚丙烯蜡组成的组中的至少一种、
(c)选自由烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐和烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐组成的组中的至少一种、
(d)锂皂系增稠剂、以及
(e)选自由二硫代氨基甲酸钼和二硫代磷酸锌组成的组中的至少一种。
本发明的润滑剂组合物可利用于偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机。特别是，从具有高温下的耐久性，能够防止输出侧扭矩的变动的方面考虑，优选利用于安装于机器人的关节部的偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机。作为上述减速机的代表例，可以举出如下偏心摆动式减速机：包含第一段减速机构和第二段减速机构，该第一段减速机构使发动机的旋转减速并向上述第二段减速机构传递，该第二段减速机构具有内齿轮体、与该内齿轮体啮合的外齿轮体、与该外齿轮体咬合且使该外齿轮体相对于上述内齿轮体进行偏心摆动运动的曲柄轴、以及旋转自如地支承该曲柄轴的支承体，可以从上述内齿轮体或上述支承体将该输出取出。
实施例
以下，基于实施例更详细说明本发明，但本发明不受这些实施例的限定。
实施例1～4和比较例5～7
将表1所示成分以表1所示比例混合，调制实施例1～4和比较例5～7的润滑剂组合物。对于这些润滑剂组合物，利用以下方法测定基础油的运动粘度和工作锥入度(Workedpenetration)。
基础油的运动粘度：基础油的运动粘度依照JIS K 2220 23，在温度40℃下进行测定。
工作锥入度：工作锥入度如JIS K 2220 7中所定义，将试样在规定的混合器中60次往复混合后立即测定。
此外，将润滑剂组合物封入于偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机(Nabtesco株式会社制，RV-42N3-127.15)，进行寿命试验、低温下的扭矩测定试验、启动效率试验。
寿命试验：对于制作的润滑剂组合物，在下述试验条件下进行试验，测定直到内部构件破损为止的时间。
1)试验条件
试验温度：60℃
任意设定负荷扭矩和输出转数，根据轴承的寿命换算式进行寿命计算。
关于高温耐久性，算出相对寿命比(将比较例6的寿命时间设为1时的相对寿命时间比)，基于下述合格与否判定进行评价。
2)合格与否判定
相对寿命比为3.0以上 ◎(合格)
相对寿命比为2.5以上且小于3.0 ○(合格)
相对寿命比小于2.5 ×(不合格)
低温下的扭矩测定试验：对于制作的润滑剂组合物，在下述试验条件下进行试验，读取为了在无负荷下旋转减速机所需的输入轴的扭矩，从而测定低温下的输入扭矩。
1)试验条件
试验温度：-10℃
负荷扭矩(径向(与轴向垂直的方向)的载荷)：无负荷
输出转数：15.7rpm
关于低温性，算出相对扭矩比(将比较例5的扭矩设为1时的相对扭矩比)，基于下述合格与否判定进行评价。
2)合格与否判定
相对扭矩比为0.4(-10℃)以下 ○(合格)
相对扭矩比超过0.4(-10℃) ×(不合格)
启动效率试验：对于制作的润滑剂组合物，在下述试验条件下进行试验，测定启动效率(将相对于输入轴的扭矩输出100％时的输出扭矩(理论值)设为100时的实际输出扭矩)。
1)试验条件
试验温度：25℃
负荷扭矩(径向(与轴向垂直的方向)的载荷)：42kgf-m
关于启动效率，算出相对效率比(将比较例6的效率设为1时的相对效率比)，基于下述基准进行评价。
2)合格与否判定>
相对效率为1.4以上 ◎(合格)
相对效率为1.2以上且小于1.4 〇(合格)
相对效率小于1.2 ×(不合格)
3)综合判定
高温耐久性、低温性、启动效率均合格 ○(合格)
任何一个不合格 ×(不合格)
将关于制作的润滑剂组合物的结果示于表1。
[表1]
表1中的(b)烃系蜡、(c)钙盐、(d)增稠剂、(e)极压剂的详细内容如下。
烃系蜡
聚乙烯蜡：熔融粘度约25000mPa·s(140℃)、密度0.96g/cm3、滴点135℃
聚丙烯蜡：熔融粘度约9000mPa·s(170℃)、密度0.90g/cm3、滴点112℃
钙盐
磺酸钙A(高碱性)：烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐(The Lubrizol Corporation制、商品名：LUBRIZOL 5283C、碱值：375mgKOH/g)
磺酸钙B(中性)：烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐(KING INDUSTRIES制、商品名：NA-SUL729、碱值1mgKOH/g以下)
增稠剂
锂皂系增稠剂：使12-羟基硬脂酸与氢氧化锂水溶液在基础油中反应后，加热至225℃，然后冷却至100℃以下而得到的羟基硬脂酸锂。
极压剂
MoDTC：二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼、ADEKA制、商品名ADEKA SAKURA-LUBE 515
ZnDTP：二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、日本润英联株式会社制、商品名INFINEUM C9421
如表1所示获知，本发明的实施例1～4的润滑剂组合物与在基础油中不含合成烃油的比较例5相比，低温性良好。此外获知，本发明的实施例1～4的润滑剂组合物与在添加剂中不含烃系蜡的比较例6、不含磺酸钙的比较例7相比，高温耐久性和启动效率良好。
获知，进一步含有磺酸钙B的实施例3、以及进一步含有磺酸钙B和二烷基二硫代酸锌的实施例4的高温耐久性和启动效率进一步良好。

Claims (7)

1.一种偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机用润滑剂组合物，其特征在于，含有下述成分(a)～(c)：
(a)包含合成油的基础油、
(b)烃系蜡、以及
(c)选自由石油磺酸的钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐、氧化蜡的钙盐、石油磺酸的高碱性钙盐、烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐和氧化蜡的高碱性钙盐组成的组中的至少一种钙盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，其中，(b)烃系蜡为选自由聚乙烯蜡和聚丙烯蜡组成的组中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，其中，全部组合物中，(b)烃系蜡的含量为0.1～20质量％。
4.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，其中，(a)基础油中的合成油为合成烃油。
5.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，其中，(a)基础油在40℃的运动粘度为20～300mm2/s。
6.根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物，其中，(c)钙盐为烷基芳香族磺酸的钙盐和烷基芳香族磺酸的高碱性钙盐。
7.一种偏心摆动式行星齿轮型减速机，其特征在于，封入有权利要求1～6中任一项所述的减速机用润滑剂组合物。
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