CN1066069C - 微胶囊剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
微胶囊剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1066069C CN1066069C CN94101362A CN94101362A CN1066069C CN 1066069 C CN1066069 C CN 1066069C CN 94101362 A CN94101362 A CN 94101362A CN 94101362 A CN94101362 A CN 94101362A CN 1066069 C CN1066069 C CN 1066069C
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- poly
- poe
- polyamines
- dissolved
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- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
- B01J13/16—Interfacial polymerisation
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明是有关带有聚脲胶囊壁和用胶囊包裹的不能与水混和的农药的微胶囊水悬浮液制备方法，其是在水中将一聚异氰酸酯的溶液分散在一个水溶性很差的农药中，继之让分散液与一多胺反应，该方法包括使聚异氰酸酯溶液在水中能分散在水溶性很差的农药中，继之在至少一个水溶性的或在水中可分散的嵌段共聚物的非离子表面活性剂存在的情况下，使上面得到的分散液与多胺反应，该嵌段共聚物的非离子表面活性剂带有至少一个疏水嵌段和至少一个亲水嵌段。
Description
本发明是有关带有聚脲胶囊壁和用胶囊包裹的与水不能混和的农药的微胶囊制备方法，该方法是由一聚异氰酸酯溶液和与水不能混合的农药组成的水分散液和一多胺的水溶液通过介面反应。
已经知道通过在分散液中的介面反应制备微胶囊，所需反应组分中的一个是形成溶在分散相中的胶囊壁，另一组分溶在连续相中。
制备用胶囊包裹的农药化合物和带有聚脲胶囊壁的微胶囊剂的方法在例如记载在美国专利US4，938，797中。该方法的特征是：在有至少一个阴离子分散剂和一个非离子保护胶体和/或一个非离子表面活性剂混合物存在下，将一个聚异氰酸酯溶液和一个难溶于水的农药化合物组成的水分散液与一个多胺水溶液反应。
美国专利US4563212记述了一个相似的胶囊包裹方法，在该方法中，所用的乳化剂含有磺化的萘甲醛缩合物。这个文献中未提到有关使用非离子保护胶体和非离子表面活性剂。
尽管在这一领域中已作了许多技术改进方面的工作，但仍需要一个从生态和经济角度出发更能被接受的微胶囊剂的制备方法。
本发明的目标是提供一个生态学更能被接受的方法，该方法是不用难以降解的阴离子分散剂。本发明进一步的目标是提供一个方法，它可以使有效成分的浓度与用以前的方法得到的浓度一样高，其药效相同或稍有改进。按照本发明的方法有效成分用量更少，所以从经济上更具吸引力。
此外，使用嵌段共聚物表面活性剂的优点是：它们的化学组成具有显著的特色，它们的生物降解更易监测。
因此，本发明是关于带有聚脲胶囊壁的和胶囊包裹的与水不相混合的农药的微胶囊水悬浮液制备方法，其方法是在水中将聚异氰酸酯的溶液分散在难溶于水的农药中，继之让分散液与一多胺反应，此反应的方法包括：使聚异氰酸酯溶液于水中分散在难溶于水的农药中，继之在至少有一个水溶性的或水中可分散的嵌段共聚物阴离子表面活性剂(该嵌段共聚物带有至少一个疏水嵌段和至少一个亲水嵌段)的存在下，让分散液与多胺反应。
鉴于完全不用阴离子分散剂，上面方法的成功的运用是令人惊奇的。阴离子表面活性剂的存在过去一直被认为是得到满意的微胶囊所必不可少的。
通常，合适的非离子表面活性剂是非离子型水溶性聚合物，其平均分子量在1000和250000道尔顿之间，优选5000和25000道尔顿之间。这类表面活性剂通常为一嵌段结构，可用下式表示：
A-B-A
A-R或 -(A-B)n-
这里n是1至5之间的整数，
A代表至少一个亲水嵌段，和
B代表至少一个疏水嵌段。
亲水嵌段A的例子如下(括号内是它们的缩写)：
聚乙二醇(POE)，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)，聚乙烯醇(PVA)，聚羟基乙基纤维素(PHEC)，聚乙烯甲醚(PVME)，羟基丙基纤维素(HPC)，聚羟基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(PHEMA)，聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和乙基羟基乙基纤维素(EHEC)。
疏水嵌段(B)的例子如下(括号内是它们的缩写)：
聚氧化亚丙基(POP)，聚乙烯乙酸酯(PVAc)，聚苯乙烯(PS)，聚氧化亚丁基(POB)，聚异戊二烯(PIP)，聚丁二烯(PBD)，聚氯乙烯(PVC)，聚烷基-乙烯基吡咯烷酮，聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)，聚烷基丙烯酸酯(PAA)，聚烷基甲基丙烯酸酯(PAM)，乙基纤维素和聚(烷基)醚化物。
PAM的一个例子是聚甲基甲基丙烯酸酯(PMMA)。
在上面疏水嵌段，聚烷基乙烯基吡咯烷酮，PAA，PAM和聚(烷基)醚化物中的烷基被理解是代表C1-C16-烷基，优选C1-C8-烷基，它可是直链或支链的。例子是甲基，乙基，和丙基，丁基，戊基，己基，庚基和辛基的异构体。
适合于在本发明实施例中的非离子表面活性剂可以是液体，糊状物或固体形式。
优选的嵌段共聚物可表示如下(g表示接支)
PVP-PVAc其商品名称是LUVISKOL(BASF)，PVP-VA-类型可从GAF公司得到
POE-POP-POE商品名为PLURONIC(BASF)或SYN-PERONEC(ICI)，(POE-POP)2N-CH2-CH2-N(POP-POE)2商品名为TETRONEC(BASF)，POE-PDMS-POE可从Goldschmidt，Essen得到。
PMMA-g-POE商品名为ATLOX(ICI)，
PVP-PS商品名为ANTARA430(GAF)。
特别优选的非离子表面活性剂是环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物，其商品名为SYNPERONIC，即SYNPERONIC PE F108，它们分子量大约为14000，粘度8，000cP(于77℃用一Brookfield粘度计，在6rpm用No.2锭子测定)。
在本发明的范畴内，聚异氰酸酯是被理解为那些在分子中含有2个或更多个异氰酸酯基团的化合物。优选的异氰酸酯是那些异氰酸酯基连结到一个脂肪族或芳香族部分的二-或三-异氰酸酯。合适的脂肪族异氰酸酯的例子是四甲叉-二异氰酸酯，五甲叉二异氰酸酯和六甲叉二异氰酸酯。合适的芳香族异氰酸酯是甲苯酰叉二异氰酸酯(TDI：2，4-和2，6-异构体的混合物)，二苯基甲烷-4，4′-二异氰酸酯(MDI：DESMODURR VL，Bayer)，聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯(MONDURR MR，Mobay化学公司)；PAPIR，RAPIR135(Upjohn Co.)，2，4，4′-二苯基醚三异氰酸酯，3，3′-二甲基-4，4′-二苯基二异氰酸酯，3，3′-二甲氧基-4，4′-二苯基二异氰酸酯，1，5-萘撑二异氰酸酯和4，4′，4″-三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯。一个更合适的二异氰酸酯是异弗尔酮二异氰酸酯。二异氰酸酯与多羟基的醇如乙二醇，丙三醇和三羟甲基丙烷通过加成所得到的加成物也是合适的，对于每一个摩尔的多羟基醇，二异氰酸酯的摩尔数对应于每个醇的羟基数。在这一方式中，二异氰酸酯的几个分子是通过脲烷基连结到多羟基醇上形成高分子聚异氰酸酯。这类(DESMODURRL)特别适合的产物可以通过用3个摩尔甲代苯撑二异氰酸酯与1个摩尔的2-乙基丙三醇(1，1-双羟甲基丙烷)反应制备。更进一步的合适的产物是通过用六甲撑二异氰酸酯或异弗尔酮二异氰酸酯与乙二醇或丙三醇加成而得到的。优选的聚异氰酸酯是二苯基甲烷-4，4′-二异氰酸酯和聚亚甲基多酚异氰酸酯。
上面所给定的二和三异氰酸酯可以单个使用或使用二个或更多个这些异氰酸酯的混合物。
在本发明范畴内，合适的多胺通常可理解为是分子中含有2个或更多个氨基的那些化合物，其氨基是连结在脂肪族和芳香族部分。合适的脂肪族多胺是下式所示的α，ω-二胺。
H2N[CH2]mNH2或H2N[CH2]nCHR[CH2]oNH2
式中m是一个2至6的整数，n是一个0至5的整数，o是一个1至5的整数和R是C1-C4-烷基。二胺的例子是乙二胺，1，3-丙二胺，四甲撑二胺，五甲撑二胺，甲基五甲撑二胺和六甲撑二胺。优选的二胺是六甲撑二胺。
下式所示的聚乙撑亚胺也是合适的脂肪族多胺
H2N[CH2-CH2-NH]nH
式中n是一个2至5的整数，这类多胺代表性的例子是：二乙撑二胺、三乙撑三胺、四乙撑五胺、六乙撑六胺。
合适的脂肪族多胺还有二噁烷-α，ω-二胺如下式所示的4，9-二噁十二烷1，12-二胺
H2N(CH2)3O(CH2)4OC(CH2)3NH2
合适的芳香族多胺的例子是1，3-苯二胺，2，4-甲苯二胺，4，4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷，1，5-二氨基萘，1，3，5-三氨基苯，2，4，6-三氨基甲苯，1，3，6-三氨基萘，2，4，4′-三氨基二苯基醚，3，4，5-三氨基-1，2，4-三唑和1，4，5，8-四氨基蒽醌。这些在水中不溶或不能充分溶解的多胺可以其盐酸盐形式使用。
合适的多胺还包括那些除了含有氨基外还含有磺基或羧基的化合物。这样的多胺例子是1，4-苯二胺磺酸，4，4′-二氨基二苯基-2-磺酸，或二氨基-羧酸如鸟氨酸和赖氨酸。
上面的多胺可单个使用或2个或多个多胺混合使用。
按照本发明的方法可加工的合适的农药是这样一些农药
-不溶的但对水是稳定的，
-在室温下是液体或熔点≤60℃，或那些可溶在与水不相溶的有机溶剂中的，
-对异氰酸酯是惰性的，但能溶解上面所给定的那些类型的异氰酸酯。
合适的与水不能混溶，但农药可以溶在其中的有机溶剂是脂肪族和芳香族烃类如己烷，环己烷，苯，甲苯，二甲苯，矿物油或煤油，环己酮，还有卤代烃类如二氯甲烷，氯仿和对位二氯苯也是合适的溶剂。合适的植物油包括椰子油，豆油和棉籽油。注册商品名称为SOLVESSOR和SHELLSOLR的一和多烷基化芳香族类的混合物也是合适的溶剂。
本发明的方法，可以用于加工范围很广的农药，例如除草剂，植物生长调节剂，杀虫剂，杀螨剂，杀线虫剂，杀菌剂，安全剂和杀体外寄生虫剂。就它们的化学组成而论，这些农药可属于十分广泛的化合物类型。可用本发明方法加工的农药其所属化合物类型的例子是：二硝基苯胺类，酰基丙氨酸类，酰基脲类，三唑衍生物类，氨基甲酸酯类，磷酸酯类，拟除虫菊酯类，二苯乙醇酸酯类，多环卤代烃类，甲脒类，二氢-1，3-噻唑-2-基叉苯胺类。上面所述化合物类型的合适的单个化合物的例子例举如下。通用名用以表示各个化合物(参见Pesticide Manual，9th edition，British Corp Protec-tion Council)。
S-三嗪类：阿特拉津，扑灭津，特丁津，莠灭净，丙氮草净，敌草净，杀草净，扑草净，特丁草净，另丁通，特丁通，灭蝇胺。
脲类：氯秀谷隆，氯醚隆，绿麦隆，伏草隆，秀谷隆，伏噻隆。
乙酰脲类：伏虫隆，氟铃脲，伏虫脲，氟虫脲，鲁氟隆(lufenuron)，定虫隆，诺瓦隆(Novaluron)。
卤代乙酰苯胺类：乙草胺，甲氧毒草胺，丙草胺，2-氯-N-(1-甲基-2-甲氧基乙基)-乙酰-2，6-苯胺(Xylidide)，杂草锁，丁草锁，毒草胺，二甲苯草胺(Dimethenamid)。
二苯基醚衍生物：甲酯除草醚，4-(4-戊炔-1-基氧基)二苯基醚，三氟羟酸醚，乙氧氟甲草醚，乙基乙羧氟草醚，氟磺胺草醚，顺式，反式-(±)2-乙基-5-(4-苯氧基苯氧基甲基)-1，3-二氧戊环。
苯氧基丙酸衍生物：吡氟禾草灵，吡氟氯禾灵甲酯，吡氟氯禾灵乙氧基乙酯，氟陶克(Fluorotopic)，高噁唑禾草灵，喹禾灵，喔草酯，2，4-滴苯丙酸-甲酯。
二硝基苯胺，丁乐灵，烯氟乐灵，氯氟乐灵，异丙乐灵，牙草灭，环丙氟乐灵，氟乐灵。
乙酰苯胺类，抑菌丙氨酯，甲霜灵，新燕灵，甲基麦草伏。
三唑类衍生物：噁唑，乙环唑，丙环唑，1-[2-(2-，4-二氯苯基)-戊-1-基]-1H-1，2，4-三唑，粉锈灵，环氧乙环唑(Epoxiconazole)，戊唑醇，糠菌唑，苯丁环唑(Fenbuconazole)，环唑醇。
氨基甲酸酯类：二氧威，呋线威，涕灭威，苯菌灵，2-仲-丁基苯基甲基氨基甲酸酯，雄凡咔(Etiofencarb)，双氧威，叶蝉散，残杀威，草长灭，苏达灭，菌达灭，草达灭，硫苯咔(Thiobencarb)，燕麦威，灭草猛。
磷酸酯类：哌草磷，莎稗磷，克蔓磷，甲基吡啶磷，毒虫畏，敌敌畏，二嗪农，杀扑磷，乙基谷硫磷，甲基谷硫磷，毒死蜱，虫螨清，丁烯磷，杀蟆腈，内吸磷，氯亚磷，乐果，乙拌磷，多虫磷，氨磺磷，氟磺硫磷(Flusulfothion)，氟硫磷(Fluthion)，地虫磷，安果，二环庚磷，地虫畏，异亚唑磷，马拉硫磷，二噻磷，速灭磷，二溴磷，砜吸磷，异砜磷，对硫磷，辛硫磷，甲基嘧啶磷，溴氯磷，内虫磷，卫虫磷，低毒硫磷，喹恶硫磷，虫螨消，苯甲磷(Phemephos)，地虫宁，苯唑磷，土虫磷，杀线磷，三唑磷，S-苄基-O，O-二异丙基硫代磷酸酯，依地磷(Ediophos)，吡嘧磷。
拟除虫菊酯类：丙烯菊酯，生物丙烯菊酯，生物苄呋菊酯，环菊酯(Cyhalotrin)，氯氰菊酯，α-氯氰菊酯，β-氯氰菊酯，溴氰菊酯，杀螨菊酯，氰戊菊酯，S-氰戊菊酯，氟氰氮酯，甲氟菊酯，氯菊酯，除虫菊酯，苄呋菊酯，胺菊酯，四溴菊酯，醚菊酯，氟氯氰菊酯，乙氰菊酯，七氟菊酯，氟苯菊酯(Flufenprox)，硅环氟苯(Silafluofen)，氟氯菊酯，苯氟菊酯(Fenfluthrin)，溴酚菊酯(Bromfenprox)。
二苯乙醇酸酯：溴螨酯，氟苯甲酸酯，丙酯杀螨醇。
多环卤代烃类；艾氏剂、硫丹。
甲脒类：杀虫脒。
二氢-1，3-噻唑-2-基叉-苯胺：N-(2，3-二氢-3-甲基-1，3-噻唑-2-基叉)-2，4-苯胺。
其它：甲氧保幼素，抑虫灵，氟丙菲(Flupropimorph)，十三吗啉，溴苯腈，鼠立死，乙嘧酚磺酸酯，稀禾定，氯苯酸甲酯，萎锈灵，粉消净，双甲脒，三氯杀螨醇，噁草灵，扑菌唑，克螨特，敌草威，毒杀芬，杀螨酯，杀螨隆，拌种咯，丁苯吗啉，苯锈啶，氟二噁呢(Fludioxonil)，吡甲嗪(Pymetrozine)，啶斑肟，蚊蝇醚，喹螨醚，太布酚瑞(Tebufenpyrad)，哒螨酮，酚丙氧酸酯(Fenproxymate)，嘧啶二酚(Pyrimidifen)，三嗪酸酯(Triazamate)，菲波诺呢(Fipronil)，太布酚杀(Tebufenocide)，4-溴-2-(4-氯代苯基)-1-乙氧基甲基-5-三氟甲基吡咯-3-腈。
可用本发明方法制备的微胶囊剂可含有上面所给定的各单个农药或两个或多个农药的混合物。
按照本文中的记述的方法在制备微胶囊剂时向反应混合物中加入一个或多个非离子型保护胶体是有利的。
优选的非离子型保护胶体是粘度为40-60cp的聚乙烯醇(在20℃时于4％的水溶液中测定)，它可以用聚乙烯乙酸酯经皂化反应制备，其皂化度至少为60％，优选80-95％。这类保护性胶体合适产品的商品注册商标为MOWLOLR。
本发明制备微胶囊剂的方法操作方便，先将非离子型表面活性剂和任选的一个非离子型胶体溶在水中，然后将一个或多个前面所述类型的聚异氰酸酯加入到上面所给定的一个或多个农药中或加入到含有1个或多个这些农药化合物的与水不相溶的有机溶剂中，充分搅拌混合物直至获得一均匀的分散液。在继续搅动下，加入1个或多个上面所指出类型的多胺，继续搅拌混合物直至多胺与异氰酸酯的反应完全。多胺是以水溶液的形式加入。使用高速切削混合器，即一Ystral T20混合器可以完成高速搅拌。搅拌速度通常可高至20000转/分。
本发明的方法是在室温下或加温至温和条件下进行。合适的范围是10至75℃。本发明的方法优选在20至45℃下进行。
聚异氰酸酯与多胺的反应时间通常为20至30分钟。转化程度和反应结束可通过滴定测定水相中的游离胺确定。
用于形成胶囊壁所需要材料，其重量为被包裹材料重量的2.5-30％，优选5-20％。被胶囊包裹的材料可由一个有效成分或两个或多个有效成分混合物组成，或由一个有效成分或两个或多个有效成分于一个与水不相溶的溶剂中所形成的溶液组成。形成胶囊壁所需材料的量主要取决于所制备胶囊的壁厚和胶囊的大小。
胶囊的大小(平均颗粒直径)以及胶囊大小的分布情况可用CILAS715颗粒度表测定。平均颗粒直径(MPD)优选1-30μm，又以2-20μm更佳。
胶囊壁的材料其重量可以是胶囊总重量的2-30％之间，优选5-20％，又以5-15％更佳。
非离子表面活性剂在反应混合物中的重量相当于反应组分总重量的0.25％-5％，优选0.5-3％，又以0.75-1.5％更佳。
如果非离子型保护胶体也包括在反应混合物中，通常其重量相当于反应组分总重量的0.1-2％即够了。
用本发明的方法可以制备每升中含有100-700g微胶囊的水悬浮液。用本发明方法所得到的悬浮液优选每升含200-600g的微胶囊。
按本发明方法得到的微胶囊悬浮液可直接使用。但是为了运输和贮藏，可以加入其它成分如表面活性剂，增稠剂，消泡剂和抗冻剂使其稳定。着色剂如染料或色素可任选加入，其加入量可高达相当于微胶囊剂重量的5％。
还可以从直接获得的悬浮液中通过过滤或离心分离出微胶囊，也可以用干燥的方法，如通过喷雾干燥，或再次将其转化为悬浮液。从悬液中分离出并干燥的微胶囊剂是呈可流动的粉状物，其货架寿命事实上是很长的。
用本发明方法制备的胶囊悬浮液贮藏稳定，其货架寿命可至数年。
本发明的另一个目标是按照文中所述的方法制备的微胶囊剂组合物。
本发明的另一个目标是带有聚脲胶囊壁和用胶囊包裹的水不相溶的农药的水悬浮液，其特点是悬浮液用一有效剂量的水溶性的或在水中可分散的非离子型嵌段共聚物表面活性剂使其稳定，该嵌段共聚物带有至少一个疏水嵌段和至少一个亲水嵌段。
本发明的另一个目标浊使用用于制备微胶囊分散液的水溶性的或在水中可分散的非离子嵌段共聚物表面活性剂，该嵌段共聚物带有至少一个疏水嵌段和至少一个亲水嵌段。
本发明的进一步目标是处理侵染植物或种子的害虫，病害或杂草的方法，调节植物生长，或处理动物体的有害生物，其方法是将按照本发明的，一个农药有效量的组合物施用于植物生长地，种子或动物。
本发明方法的优点如下：
a)不使用磺化的分散剂；
b)可得到高浓度的有效成分；
c)有效成分用量的减少使方法更简单、经济；
d)组合物的效果没有减低。
下面的例子对本发明作了更详细的说明。一个Ystral T20高速切削混合器用于乳化。
例1
16g Synpernic PE F108是溶在含71.1g水的一只烧杯中，在第二只烧杯中10g Solvesso，7.0g环氧化豆油和5.4g二苯基甲烷-4，4′-二异氰酸酯(MDI)是溶在48g工业用二嗪农中。此溶液在水相中于5000转/分下乳化2分钟。然后加入含2.2g 1，6-己撑二胺(HMDA)的60％水溶液。连续缓慢搅拌3至4小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液粘度较低，大约为50mpa.s，平均颗粒直径(MPD)是15-25μm，每升含有效成分315g。
例2
重复例1，但Synperonic PE F用量为3.2g，水为69.5g。得到的胶囊悬浮液具有相似的性质，即粘度低，MPD值大约为20μm。
例3
1.6g Synperonic PE F108是溶于含61.6g水的烧杯中。在第二只烧杯中6.4g环氧豆油和6.3g MDI是溶在80g工业用二嗪农中。此有机相在水相中于12000转/分下乳化1-2分钟。加入含2..6g HMDA的60％水溶液，缓慢连续搅拌1-2小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液其粘度为200-400mpa.s，MPD值为3-4μm，每升含有效成分510g。
例4
重复例3，但Syperonic PE F108用量为32g，水为60.6g，在15000转/分下乳化。得到的胶囊悬浮液具有稍高的粘度(400-600mpa.s).MPD值为大约2μm。
例5
1.6g Synperonic PE F108是溶在含69.5g水的一只烧本中。在第二只烧杯中65g MDI是溶在83g工业用异丙三唑硫磷中。此有机相在水溶液相中于18000转/分下乳化1-2分钟。加入含2.7g HMDA的60％水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液粘度为20-40mpa.s，MPD值为大约3μm，每升含有效成分520g。
例6
重复例5，但使用的MDI为10.3g，HMDA为3.4g，乳化在19000转/分下进行。得到的胶囊悬浮液粘度为40-60mpa.s，MPD值为2.5μm。
例7
1.6g Synperonic PE F108，8.0g 1，2-丙二醇和2.0g Natrosol 250 HR是溶在含58.3g水的一只烧杯中。在第二只烧杯中5.7g MDI于50℃溶在72..4g工业用的呋线威中。此有机相在水溶液于14000转/分下乳化2分钟。加入含2.4g HM-DA的60％水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌大约2-3小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液粘度为200-400mpa.s，MPD值为3.5-4.0μm，每升含有效成分475g。
例8
重复例7，但MDI用量为8.9g，HMDA为3.7g，水为65g，乳化是在12000转/分下进行。得到的胶囊悬浮液粘度为200-300mpa.s，MPD值为4μm。
例9
1.6g Synperonic PE F108是溶在含水69.5g的一只烧杯中。在第二只烧杯中将6.9g MDI溶在87.8g的工业用Metalachor中。该有机相在水溶液相中于15000转/分下乳化1-2分钟。加入含2.9g HMDA的60％水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液粘度为200至400mpa.s，MPD值为3至4μm，每升含有效成分550g。
例10
1.6g Synperonic PE F108，0.3g氢氧化钠和0.1g Xan-tham胶是溶在73.9g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中3.1g MDI是溶在21.9g的工业用丙环唑和62.1g工业用苯锈啶中。第二个混和物在水溶液中于15000转/分下乳化。加入含2.1g HMDA的60％水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液粘度值较低(300mpa.s)，MPD值为2-3μm。
例11
重复例10，但用了另外8.0g的1，2-丙二醇，水量减少8.0g。得到的胶囊悬浮液粘度值为400mpa.s，MPD值为2μm。
例12
1.6g Synperonic PE F108，0.3g氢氧化钠，0.1g Xan-tham胶和0.8g 1，2-丙二醇溶于103.2g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中1.8g MDI是溶在49.7g工业品苯锈啶中。此溶液在15000转/分下乳化。加入含1.3g HMDA的60％的水溶液，连续搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液粘度低(40mpa.s)，MPD值为4-5μm。
例13
1.6g Sympronic PE F108，0.3g氢氧化钠，0.1g Xan-tham胶和8.0g 1，2-丙二醇是溶于73.9g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中2.6g MDI是溶在49.7g工业品丙环唑中。此溶液在水溶液中于15000转/分下乳化。加入含1.3gHMDA的60％的水溶液，连续搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液粘度低(100mpa.s)，其MPD值为7-8μm。
例14
1.6g Tetronic 908是溶在107.5g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中3.9g MDI是溶在49.3g工业品异丙三唑硫磷(97.4％)中。此有机相在水溶液中于12000转/分下乳化。加入含1.6g HMDA的60％的水溶液，缓慢连续搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液其MPD值为5-6μm。
例15
1.6g Siliconoil VP1632(Goldschmidt Essen，FRG)是溶于107.5g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中3.9g MDI是溶在49.3g工业品异丙三唑硫磷(97.4％)中。此有机相在水溶液中于16000转/分下乳化。加入含1.6g HMDA的60％的水溶液，缓缦连续搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液其MPD值为5-7μm。
例16
1.6g Pluronic P105是溶在107.5g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中3.9g MDI是溶在49.3g工业品异丙三唑硫磷(97.4％)中。此有机相在水溶液中于12000转/分下乳化。加入含1.6g HMDA的60％的水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液其MPD值为3-4μm。
例17
1.6g Pluronic F38是溶在107.5g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中3.9g MDI是溶在49.3g工业品异丙三唑硫磷中(97.4％)。该有机相在水溶液中于12000转/分下乳化。加入含1.6g 1.6-HMDA的60％的水溶液，缓慢连续搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液其MPD值为5-7μm。
例18
1.6g Pluronic P103是溶在107.5g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中3.9g MDI是溶在49.3g工业品异丙三唑硫磷(97.4％)中。该有机相在水溶液中于12000转/分下乳化。加入含1.6g 1，6-HMDA的60％水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液在制备后立即测定其MPD值为6-8μm。观察到了胶囊的迅速凝聚。
例19
1.6g PVP-VA S630是溶在107.5g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中3.9g MDI是溶在49.3g工业品异丙三唑硫磷(97.4％)中。该有机相在水溶液中于12000转/分下乳化。加入含1.6g 1，6-HMDA的60％水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液其MPD值为3-4μm。
例20
4.8g ANTARA430是溶在104.3g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中39g MDI是溶在49.3g工业品异丙三唑硫磷(97.4％)中。该有机相在水溶液中于12000转/分下乳化。加入含1.6g 1，6-HMDA的60％的水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液其MPD值为10-15μm。
例21
3.2g PVP-VAE335是溶在105.9g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中3.9g MDI是溶在49.3g工业品异丙三唑硫磷(97.4％)中。该有机相在水溶液中于12000转/分下乳化。加入含1.6g 1，6-HMDA的60％的水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液其MPD值为2μm。
例22
3.2g PVP-VAE535是溶在105.9g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中3.9g MDI是溶在49.3g的工业品异丙三唑硫磷(97.4％)中。该有机相在水溶液中于12000转/分下乳化。加入含1.6g 1，6-HMDA的60％的水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌大约1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液是MPD值为2μm。
例23
3.2g PVP-VA E735是溶在105.9g去离子水中。在第二只烧杯中3.9g MDI是溶在49.3g工业品异丙三唑硫磷(97.4％)中。该有机相在水溶液中于12000转/分下乳化。加入含1.6g 1，6-HMDA的60％的水溶液，连续缓慢搅拌1小时。得到的胶囊悬浮液其MPD值为2.7μm。
Claims (18)
1．制备带聚脲胶囊壁和胶囊包裹的与水不能混和农药的微胶囊水悬液的方法，其是在水中将聚异氰酸酯的溶液分散在难溶于水的农药中，继之使分散液与多胺反应，该方法包括使聚异氰酸酯溶液在水中有效分散在难溶于水的农药中，继之在至少一个水溶性的或在水中可分散的嵌段共聚且分子量为5000至25000道尔顿的非离子表面活性剂存在的情况下，使上面得到的分散液与多胺反应，该嵌段共聚物的非离子表面活性剂是一个式(1)，(2)或(3)所示的嵌段结构
A-B-A (1)
A-B (2)或 -(A-B)n- (3)
这里的n是一个1至5之间的整数，A代表至少一个亲水嵌段，和B代表至少一个疏水嵌段。
2．按照权利要求1的方法，其中亲水嵌段A是选自聚乙二醇，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，聚乙烯醇，聚羟基乙基纤维素，聚乙烯甲醚，羟基丙基纤维素，聚羟基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯，聚乙烯亚胺和乙基羟基乙基纤维素。
3．按照权利要求2的方法，其中疏水嵌段B是选自聚氧化亚丙基，聚乙烯乙酸酯，聚苯乙烯，聚氧化亚丁基，聚异戊二烯，聚丁二烯，聚乙烯，聚烷基乙烯基吡咯烷酮，聚二甲基硅氧烷，聚烷基丙烯酸酯，聚烷基甲基丙烯酸酯，乙基纤维素和聚烷基醚化物。
4．按照权利要求3的方法，其中在聚烷基乙烯基吡咯烷酮，聚烷基丙烯酸酯，聚烷基甲基丙烯酸酯和聚烷基醚化物中的烷基代表直链的或支链的C1-C16烷基。
5．按照权利要求1的方法，其中非离子表面活性剂是呈液体，糊状物或固体形式。
6．按照权利要求1的方法，其中的嵌段共聚物用PVP-PVAc，PVP-VA-类，POE-POP-POE，(POE-POP)2N-CH2-CH2-N(POP-POE)2，POE-PDMS-POE，PMMA-g-POE和PVP-PS表示。
7．按照权利要求1的方法，其中被胶囊包裹的农药是除草剂，植物生长调节剂，杀虫剂，杀螨剂，杀线虫剂，杀菌剂，安全剂或杀体外寄生虫剂。
8．按照权利要求1的方法，其中的聚异氰酸酯是四甲撑二异氰酸酯，五甲撑二异氰酸酯，己撑二异氰酸酯，甲代苯撑二异氰酸酯，二苯基甲烷-4，4′-二异氰酸酯，聚甲撑聚苯基异氰酸酯，2，4，4′-二苯基醚三异氰酸酯，3，3′-二甲基-4，4′-二苯基二异氰酸酯，3，3′-二甲氧基-4，4′-二苯基异氰酸酯，1，5-萘撑二异氰酸酯或4，4′，4″-三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯。
9．按照权利要求1的方法，其中的多胺是下式所示的α，ω-二胺，
H2N[CH2]mNH或H2N[CH2]mCHR[CH]oNH2
式中m是2-6的整数，n是0-5的整数，o是1-5的整数和R是C1-C4烷基，或下式所示的聚乙撑亚胺
H2N[CH2-CH2-NH]nH
其中n是2-5的整数，或
下式所示的二噁烷-α，ω-二胺
H2N(CH2)3O(CH2)4O(CH2)3NH2。
10．按照权利要求9的方法，其中的多胺是乙撑二胺，丙撑-1，3-二胺，四甲撑二胺，五甲撑二胺，甲基五甲撑二胺，己撑二胺，二乙撑-三胺，三乙撑三胺，四乙撑五胺或五乙撑六胺。
11．按照权利要求1的方法，其中的非离子表面活性剂，和任选的一个非离子型保护胶体，是溶在水中并同溶在一个或多个农药中或溶在含有一个或多个这些农药化合物的与水不相溶的有机溶剂中的一个或多个异氰酸酯组成的溶液相结合，充分搅拌混合物直至得到均匀的分散液，并在不断搅拌下，加入一个或多个多胺，进一步搅拌混合物直至多胺与异氰酸酯反应完全。
12．按照权利要求11的方法，其中搅拌是在高至2000转/分下进行。
13．按照权利要求1的方法，其中的反应温度是在10-75℃之间。
14．按照权利要求1的方法，用于形成胶囊壁的材料其重量为被包裹材料重量的2.5-30％。
15．按照权利要求1的方法，胶囊的颗粒平均直径在1-30μm之间。
16．按照权利要求1的方法，胶囊壁的材料为胶囊总重量的2％-30％之间。
17．按照权利要求1的方法，在反应混合物中的非离子表面活性剂为反应组分总重量的0.25-5％。
18．按照权利要求1的方法制备的微胶囊水悬液。
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| GB9501017D0 (en) * | 1995-01-19 | 1995-03-08 | Dowelanco | Microencapsulation process and product |
| DK0869712T3 (da) * | 1995-06-07 | 2001-01-02 | Zeneca Ltd | Tørre, vand-dispergerbare sammensætninger af mikroindkapslede pesticider |
| GB9615158D0 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1996-09-04 | Dowelanco | Process for preparing storage-stable pesticide dispersion |
| US6022501A (en) * | 1996-08-15 | 2000-02-08 | American Cyanamid Company | pH-sensitive microcapsules |
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- 1994-02-01 AT AT94810053T patent/ATE173652T1/de active
- 1994-02-04 RU RU94003826A patent/RU2126628C1/ru active
- 1994-02-07 CZ CZ1994253A patent/CZ286472B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1994-02-07 IL IL108570A patent/IL108570A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-08 ZA ZA94839A patent/ZA94839B/xx unknown
- 1994-02-08 CN CN94101362A patent/CN1066069C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-08 HU HU9400359A patent/HU213841B/hu unknown
- 1994-02-08 NZ NZ250850A patent/NZ250850A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5498594A (en) | 1994-08-11 |
| MX196826B (es) | 2000-06-06 |
| KR940019218A (ko) | 1994-09-14 |
| CA2115119C (en) | 2004-10-19 |
| US5837290A (en) | 1998-11-17 |
| HUT68808A (en) | 1995-07-28 |
| NZ250850A (en) | 1996-02-27 |
| GR3029383T3 (en) | 1999-05-28 |
| EP0611253B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
| KR100313589B1 (ko) | 2002-11-29 |
| DE69414735D1 (de) | 1999-01-07 |
| DE69414735T2 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
| ATE173652T1 (de) | 1998-12-15 |
| HU9400359D0 (en) | 1994-05-30 |
| AU671331B2 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
| EP0611253A1 (en) | 1994-08-17 |
| JPH06238159A (ja) | 1994-08-30 |
| CZ286472B6 (en) | 2000-04-12 |
| MX9401021A (es) | 1994-08-31 |
| CZ25394A3 (en) | 1994-08-17 |
| HU213841B (en) | 1997-11-28 |
| CN1093220A (zh) | 1994-10-12 |
| JP3419871B2 (ja) | 2003-06-23 |
| RU2126628C1 (ru) | 1999-02-27 |
| CA2115119A1 (en) | 1994-08-10 |
| ES2123742T3 (es) | 1999-01-16 |
| ZA94839B (en) | 1994-08-09 |
| IL108570A (en) | 1998-01-04 |
| IL108570A0 (en) | 1994-05-30 |
| BR9400463A (pt) | 1994-09-27 |
| AU7195196A (en) | 1997-01-30 |
| DK0611253T3 (da) | 1999-08-09 |
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