Dendrobium nobile high-yield planting method
Technical field:
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology is and in particular to Dendrobium nobile high-yield planting method.
Background technology:
Dendrobium nobile is orchid, Dendrobium.Domestic Dendrobium Sw has 7 kinds, includes into state-promulgated pharmacopoeia, tool medical value
Only 4 kinds of Herba Dendrobii.It is Dendrobium nobile, Herba Dendrobii, Dendrobium chrysotoxum and Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. respectively.Hejiang's Dendrobium nobile is famous
Genuine medicinal materials, medical value and health care are very prominent, and ancient Chinese medicine doctor is paid much attention to, and are referred to as " help Herba mesonae chinensis " by among the people, name
First of the big Herba mesonae chinensis of row nine.Dendrobium nobile has spleen benefiting and stimulating the appetite, the bright eye of improving eyesight, clearing away heat to alleviate pain, strong bone, profit yin nourishing Tianjin, shield
The effects such as liver function of gallbladder promoting, promotion circulation, reduction blood glucose, suppression tumor, life lengthening.Because Dendrobium nobile wild resource is on the verge of
Extinction (national two class protections are planted), artificial culture has a extensive future.
The cultivation technique of Dendrobium nobile is broadly divided into three kinds at present:Patch stone plantation method, base stone plantation method, patch tree plantation method etc.;But
It is to build now stone plantation method and patch tree plantation method is also immature, yield is relatively low, and it is difficult to ensure that the quality of Herba Dendrobii, so people
Need more to meet the method for growing dendrobium of requirement.
Content of the invention:
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at the drawbacks described above of prior art, provides Dendrobium nobile high-yield planting method.The present invention is wanted
The technical problem solving employs the following technical solutions to realize.Dendrobium nobile high-yield planting method, including step be:
1. selection of land site preparation:Preferably select the environment of half cloudy half light, more than 80%, winter temperature is at 0 DEG C for air humidity dendrobe cultivation
Above area.Seeds should with Ammonium alum method, pear tree, Lignum cinnamomi camphorae etc. and answer that bark is thick, have longitudinal furrow, aqueous many, branch and leaf are luxuriant, trunk is thick
The big tree that lives.Stone ground also should should have moss growth, there are a small amount of humus on surface in shady and cool, humid region on stone.Plantation
First readjustment of field plot to be carried out, its basic demand is during Herba Dendrobii:When planting Herba Dendrobii on the rock of bulk, awl should be used on stone face
Beat nest by the spacing of strain, 40 centimetres of line-spacing 30 cm x, deep 5~10 centimetres of nest, in stone face, a relatively low side makes a call to a little outlet,
In case hydrops cause base portion to rot, beat the lichen that should protect other positions on stone face during nest.When planting Herba Dendrobii on little gravel,
Weeds, miscellaneous branch in ground are removed, reserved good tree of sheltering from heat or light, excessively overstocked little miscellaneous tree is removed, transmittance is increased with profit.
2. breed:Because Herba Dendrobii seed is minimum, in each capsule, there are about 20,000 seeds, typically need to be cultivated in tissue culture room.Real
Border small-scale production commonly uses asexual propagation, carries out in spring or autumn, selects that 1~2 year growth potential is good, no disease and pests harm, root system
Plant more than prosperity, rudiment, as kind of a strain, is uprooped, and removes deadwood and disconnected skill, cuts long fibrous root, and old root is protected
Stay 3 cm, be divided into some clumps by the number of stem number, every clump must have 4~5, stem, you can plant.
3. plant:Select the crack of stone of dark and damp sylvan life, stone cistern to have at humus, the root of point subcaespitose Herba Dendrobii seedling uses cattle
Copropel slurry encases, and fills in rock seam or groove, during plug, stress is sought to stable admittedly, in order to avoid dropping.If cultivating on gravel, its method
It is that seedling is lain on gravel, then push down seedling middle and lower part with stone, base portion, top are exposed outside, so that wind is motionless are
Degree.Plant Herba Dendrobii in stone face surrounding, available awl is made a call to an alveole, should can be participated in 30: 1 phosphate fertilizer in advance in fresh cattle manure, plus
Water is stepped on mixed, and dilute humidity is pinched with handss and do not stay water for degree in webs, Herba Dendrobii seedling is tightly touched alveole, grabs on the other hand and get cattle manure ready and ride over
The middle and lower part of Herba Dendrobii seedling stem, makes seedling be attached to securely on stone.
4. field management:Moistening air conditionses should be kept after Herba Dendrobii plantation, will suitably water, but prevent and pour water excess, never
Rotten of hydrops.It is not required to apply fertilizer during plantation Herba Dendrobii, after Herba Dendrobii plantation, Second Year proceeds by and topdresses, and annual 1~2 time, is for the 1st time
Budding fertilizer, was carried out before and after the Spring Equinox to Clear and Bright;2nd time is warming fertilizer, is carrying out around the Beginning of Winter.With grouts, bean dregs, cattle manure,
Pig manure, fertile mud phosphorate fertilizer and the mixing of a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is mixed well, and then thinly paste last layer in its root.Root due to Herba Dendrobii is inhaled
Receive nutrition function poor, for promote its growth, in its trophophase, often every 1~2 month, the calcium superphosphate with 2% or
1% potassium sulfate carries out foliage fertilization.No matter the Herba Dendrobii cultivated using which kind of mode, its fertilising water time will do dew in the morning
After carry out, forbid under the high temperature that The hot sun is high in the sky apply, otherwise will have a strong impact on the normal growth of Herba Dendrobii.Every after growing dendrobium
Year weeding 2 times, the 1st time in mid-March to early April, the 2nd time between November.In summer high temperature season, unsuitable weeding,
In order to avoid impact Herba Dendrobii normal growth.Before annual spring germinates or when harvesting Herba Dendrobii, part old branch and deadwood should be cut off and grew
Close stem branch, to promote sprouting to grow.After Herba Dendrobii is planted 5 years, plant sprouts a lot, old root death, and substrate is rotted, disease
Bacterium is infected, and makes plant strain growth bad, therefore should carry out turning over the root and stem of certain plants according to growing state, removes dry and decayed old root, carries out plant division, separately plant
Training, to promote growth and the increasing both production and income of plant.
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:The disease generally occurring within Herba Dendrobii growth and development process mainly has:1. melasma:This disease often 3~
May occurs, and uses 1: 1: 150 Bordeaux mixture or how 1000 times of liquid of spirit prevent and control its development;2. sooty mould:3~May is
The principal pathogenetic phase of this disease, sprayed 1~2 time with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 1500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion and prevent and treat;
3. anthrax:1~May is the principal pathogenetic phase of this disease, with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate methyl 1000
The spraying of times liquid, to prevent and to control the infection to new strain for this disease.The primary pest having now been found that has:1. Herba Dendrobii phenanthrene shield mosquito:This evil
Worm late May is the hatching Sheng phase, sprays effect with 1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 1~3 degree of lime sulfur preferable.Become
Shield shell but the few person of amount, can take to wipe out old branch blade and concentrate to burn or twist with the fingers dead method and be prevented and treated;2. Limax:Mix enemy with wheat bran
Hundred worms, are sprinkling upon the often movable place of insect and carry out period poison bait, spray metrifonate, decises in cultivation bed and surrounding enviroment
In pesticide, quick lime also can be spread.
6. harvesting and preliminary working:Cultivation all can harvest after 2~3 years throughout the year, but is received with the non-rudiment of plant before the Beginning of Winter to Clear and Bright
That obtains is preferred.During harvesting, from basal part of stem, old plant is cut with shears or reaping hook, note adopting and always stay tender, so that the tender strain staying is continued
Continuous growth, reaches plantation in a year, the purpose be benefited for many years.Fresh Herba Dendrobii adopts back not defoliation and fibrous root, direct hyoscine.Or remove palpus
Root and branch and leaf, are stored standby with wet sand.The processing method of dendrobium chrysanthum has having one's hair waved and propagandizes method hotly.1. having one's hair waved method:Fresh Herba Dendrobii is removed defoliation
Piece and fibrous root, soak a few days in water, after so that sheath plasma membrane is rotted, brush away sheath plasma membrane in stalk with brush or are rubbed with the hands with chaff shell
Remove plasma membrane.Toast after drying water, bundled with dry rice straw after drying, bamboo mat covers, and makes airtight.Baking firepower is unsuitable excessive,
And will uniformly, be dried to 7~8 one-tenths dry when, then row rubbing once and dries, and takes out and sprays a little boiling water, then order is stacked, use
Straw mattress covers, and makes color become golden yellow, then is dried to absolutely dry.2. propagandize method hotly:By the fresh Herba Dendrobii after above-mentioned net system in accordance with the law
It is placed in the pot filling the river sand made popular, with heat sand, Herba Dendrobii is pushed down, often stir up and down, fry to having slight cracker, sheath
Dry and cracked and when tilting, take out to be placed on wooden washboard immediately and repeatedly crumple, to eliminate residual sheath, wash silt,
Dry under burning sun, repeatedly the crumpling again after next day of night dew, so repeatedly 2~3 times so as to golden yellow color, quality closely, is done
Dry obtain final product.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The invention provides Dendrobium nobile high-yield planting method, this implantation methods survival rate height, Dendrobium nobile has strong adaptability,
The economic output of Dendrobium nobile is high, contributes to promoting China's Dendrobium nobile industrialized development, can improve the self-sufficiency of China's Dendrobium nobile
Rate.
Specific embodiment:
In order that technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect that the present invention realizes are easy to understand, with reference to tool
Body embodiment, is expanded on further the present invention.
Dendrobium nobile high-yield planting method:
1. selection of land site preparation:Preferably select the environment of half cloudy half light, more than 80%, winter temperature is at 0 DEG C for air humidity dendrobe cultivation
Above area.Seeds should with Ammonium alum method, pear tree, Lignum cinnamomi camphorae etc. and answer that bark is thick, have longitudinal furrow, aqueous many, branch and leaf are luxuriant, trunk is thick
The big tree that lives.Stone ground also should should have moss growth, there are a small amount of humus on surface in shady and cool, humid region on stone.Plantation
First readjustment of field plot to be carried out, its basic demand is during Herba Dendrobii:When planting Herba Dendrobii on the rock of bulk, awl should be used on stone face
Beat nest by the spacing of strain, 40 centimetres of line-spacing 30 cm x, deep 5~10 centimetres of nest, in stone face, a relatively low side makes a call to a little outlet,
In case hydrops cause base portion to rot, beat the lichen that should protect other positions on stone face during nest.When planting Herba Dendrobii on little gravel,
Weeds, miscellaneous branch in ground are removed, reserved good tree of sheltering from heat or light, excessively overstocked little miscellaneous tree is removed, transmittance is increased with profit.
2. breed:Because Herba Dendrobii seed is minimum, in each capsule, there are about 20,000 seeds, typically need to be cultivated in tissue culture room.Real
Border small-scale production commonly uses asexual propagation, carries out in spring or autumn, selects that 1~2 year growth potential is good, no disease and pests harm, root system
Plant more than prosperity, rudiment, as kind of a strain, is uprooped, and removes deadwood and disconnected skill, cuts long fibrous root, and old root is protected
Stay 3 cm, be divided into some clumps by the number of stem number, every clump must have 4~5, stem, you can plant.
3. plant:Select the crack of stone of dark and damp sylvan life, stone cistern to have at humus, the root of point subcaespitose Herba Dendrobii seedling uses cattle
Copropel slurry encases, and fills in rock seam or groove, during plug, stress is sought to stable admittedly, in order to avoid dropping.If cultivating on gravel, its method
It is that seedling is lain on gravel, then push down seedling middle and lower part with stone, base portion, top are exposed outside, so that wind is motionless are
Degree.Plant Herba Dendrobii in stone face surrounding, available awl is made a call to an alveole, should can be participated in 30: 1 phosphate fertilizer in advance in fresh cattle manure, plus
Water is stepped on mixed, and dilute humidity is pinched with handss and do not stay water for degree in webs, Herba Dendrobii seedling is tightly touched alveole, grabs on the other hand and get cattle manure ready and ride over
The middle and lower part of Herba Dendrobii seedling stem, makes seedling be attached to securely on stone.
4. field management:Moistening air conditionses should be kept after Herba Dendrobii plantation, will suitably water, but prevent and pour water excess, never
Rotten of hydrops.It is not required to apply fertilizer during plantation Herba Dendrobii, after Herba Dendrobii plantation, Second Year proceeds by and topdresses, and annual 1~2 time, is for the 1st time
Budding fertilizer, was carried out before and after the Spring Equinox to Clear and Bright;2nd time is warming fertilizer, is carrying out around the Beginning of Winter.With grouts, bean dregs, cattle manure,
Pig manure, fertile mud phosphorate fertilizer and the mixing of a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is mixed well, and then thinly paste last layer in its root.Root due to Herba Dendrobii is inhaled
Receive nutrition function poor, for promote its growth, in its trophophase, often every 1~2 month, the calcium superphosphate with 2% or
1% potassium sulfate carries out foliage fertilization.No matter the Herba Dendrobii cultivated using which kind of mode, its fertilising water time will do dew in the morning
After carry out, forbid under the high temperature that The hot sun is high in the sky apply, otherwise will have a strong impact on the normal growth of Herba Dendrobii.Every after growing dendrobium
Year weeding 2 times, the 1st time in mid-March to early April, the 2nd time between November.In summer high temperature season, unsuitable weeding,
In order to avoid impact Herba Dendrobii normal growth.Before annual spring germinates or when harvesting Herba Dendrobii, part old branch and deadwood should be cut off and grew
Close stem branch, to promote sprouting to grow.After Herba Dendrobii is planted 5 years, plant sprouts a lot, old root death, and substrate is rotted, disease
Bacterium is infected, and makes plant strain growth bad, therefore should carry out turning over the root and stem of certain plants according to growing state, removes dry and decayed old root, carries out plant division, separately plant
Training, to promote growth and the increasing both production and income of plant.
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:The disease generally occurring within Herba Dendrobii growth and development process mainly has:1. melasma:This disease often 3~
May occurs, and uses 1: 1: 150 Bordeaux mixture or how 1000 times of liquid of spirit prevent and control its development;2. sooty mould:3~May is
The principal pathogenetic phase of this disease, sprayed 1~2 time with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 1500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion and prevent and treat;
3. anthrax:1~May is the principal pathogenetic phase of this disease, with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate methyl 1000
The spraying of times liquid, to prevent and to control the infection to new strain for this disease.The primary pest having now been found that has:1. Herba Dendrobii phenanthrene shield mosquito:This evil
Worm late May is the hatching Sheng phase, sprays effect with 1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 1~3 degree of lime sulfur preferable.Become
Shield shell but the few person of amount, can take to wipe out old branch blade and concentrate to burn or twist with the fingers dead method and be prevented and treated;2. Limax:Mix enemy with wheat bran
Hundred worms, are sprinkling upon the often movable place of insect and carry out period poison bait, spray metrifonate, decises in cultivation bed and surrounding enviroment
In pesticide, quick lime also can be spread.
6. harvesting and preliminary working:Cultivation all can harvest after 2~3 years throughout the year, but is harvested with the non-rudiment of plant before the Beginning of Winter to Clear and Bright
Be preferred.During harvesting, from basal part of stem, old plant is cut with shears or reaping hook, note adopting and always stay tender, the tender strain making to stay continues
Growth, reaches plantation in a year, the purpose be benefited for many years.Fresh Herba Dendrobii adopts back not defoliation and fibrous root, direct hyoscine.Or remove fibrous root
And branch and leaf, stored standby with wet sand.The processing method of dendrobium chrysanthum has having one's hair waved and propagandizes method hotly.1. having one's hair waved method:Fresh Herba Dendrobii is removed blade
And fibrous root, soak a few days in water, after so that sheath plasma membrane is rotted, brush away sheath plasma membrane in stalk or rubbed with the hands with chaff shell with brush
Plasma membrane.Toast after drying water, bundled with dry rice straw after drying, bamboo mat covers, and makes airtight.Baking firepower is unsuitable excessive, and
And will uniformly, be dried to 7~8 one-tenths dry when, then row rubbing once and dries, and takes out and sprays a little boiling water, then order stacking, with grass
Pad covers, and makes color become golden yellow, then is dried to absolutely dry.2. propagandize method hotly:Fresh Herba Dendrobii after above-mentioned net system in accordance with the law is put
In the pot filling the river sand made popular, with heat sand, Herba Dendrobii is pushed down, often stir up and down, fry to there being slight cracker, sheath is done
When splitting and tilting, take out to be placed in immediately and repeatedly crumple on wooden washboard, to eliminate residual sheath, wash silt, strong
Dry under day, repeatedly the crumpling again after next day of night dew, so repeatedly 2~3 times so as to golden yellow color, quality closely, is dried
Obtain final product.