CN106465465A - 在活跃使用的频谱内进行并行频谱使用的系统和方法 - Google Patents
在活跃使用的频谱内进行并行频谱使用的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
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- H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
- H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
- H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
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Abstract
本发明描述了用于针对新的TDD或FDD网络并行地使用活跃使用的频谱以及用于使分布式输入分布式输出(DIDO)技术能够与新的网络和现有网络两者一起在相同频谱中使用的系统和方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年4月16日提交的名称为“Systems And Methods ForConcurrent Spectrum Usage Within Actively Used Spectrum”(在活跃使用的频谱内进行并行频谱使用的系统和方法)的共同待决的美国临时专利申请No.61/980,479的权益和优先权。
本申请可涉及以下共同待决的美国专利申请和美国临时专利申请:
名称为“Systems and Methods for Mapping Virtual Radio Instances intoPhysical Areas to Coherence in Distributed Antenna Wireless Systems”(用于在分布式天线无线系统中将虚拟无线电实例映射到物理相干区域中的系统和方法)的美国临时申请序列号61/937,273;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Radio Frequency Calibration ExploitingChannel Reciprocity in Distributed Input Distributed Output WirelessCommunications”(用于在分布式输入分布式输出无线通信中利用信道互易性进行射频校正的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/844,355;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell MultiplexingGain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed OutputTechnology”(用于经由分布式输入分布式输出技术在无线蜂窝系统中利用小区间多路复用增益的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/797,984;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell MultiplexingGain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed OutputTechnology”(用于经由分布式输入分布式输出技术在无线蜂窝系统中利用小区间多路复用增益的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/797,971;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell MultiplexingGain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed OutputTechnology”(用于经由分布式输入分布式输出技术在无线蜂窝系统中利用小区间多路复用增益的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/797,950;
名称为“System and Method For Distributed Antenna WirelessCommunications”(用于分布式天线无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号14/156,254;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell MultiplexingGain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed OutputTechnology”(用于经由分布式输入分布式输出技术在无线蜂窝系统中利用小区间多路复用增益的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号14/086,700;
名称为“Systems And Methods To Coordinate Transmissions In DistributedWireless Systems Via User Clustering”(用于经由用户聚类在分布式无线系统中协调传输的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号14/023,302;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Wireless Backhaul in Distributed-InputDistributed-Output Wireless Systems”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线系统中的无线回程的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/633,702;
名称为“Systems and Methods to enhance spatial diversity indistributed-input distributed-output wireless systems”(用于在分布式输入分布式输出无线系统中增强空间分集的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/475,598;
名称为“System and Methods to Compensate for Doppler Effects inDistributed-Input Distributed Output Systems”(用于在分布式输入分布式输出系统中补偿多普勒效应的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/464,648;
名称为“System and Method for Adjusting DIDO Interference CancellationBased On Signal Strength Measurements”(用于基于信号强度测量调整DIDO干扰消除的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/461,682;
名称为“System and Methods for planned evolution and obsolescence ofmultiuser spectrum”(用于多用户频谱的计划演进和退化的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/233,006;
名称为“Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in WirelessSystems”(用于在无线系统中利用相干区域的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/232,996;
名称为“System And Method For Managing Handoff Of A Client BetweenDifferent Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output(DIDO)Networks Based OnDetected Velocity Of The Client”(用于基于所检测到的客户端速度管理客户端在不同分布式输入分布式输出(DIDO)网络之间的越区切换的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号12/802,989;
名称为“Interference Management,Handoff,Power Control And LinkAdaptation In Distributed-Input Distributed-Output(DIDO)CommunicationSystems”(分布式输入分布式输出(DIDO)通信系统中的干扰管理、越区切换、功率控制和链路适配)的美国专利申请序列号12/802,988;
名称为“System And Method For Link adaptation In DIDO MulticarrierSystems”(用于DIDO多载波系统中的链路适配的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号12/802,975;
名称为“System And Method For Managing Inter-Cluster Handoff OfClients Which Traverse Multiple DIDO Clusters”(用于管理穿越多个DIDO集群的客户端的集群间切换的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号12/802,974;
名称为“System And Method For Power Control And Antenna Grouping In ADistributed-Input-Distributed-Output(DIDO)Network”(用于分布式输入分布式输出(DIDO)网络中的功率控制和天线分组的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号12/802,958;
2014年2月18日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communications”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,654,815;
2013年10月29日公告的名称为“System and Method for DIDO PrecodingInterpolation in Multicarrier Systems”(用于多载波系统中的DIDO预编码内插的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,571,086;
2013年9月24日公告的名称为“Systems and Methods To CoordinateTransmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Clustering”(用于经由用户聚类在分布式无线系统中协调传输的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,542,763;
2013年4月23日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communications”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,428,162;
2012年5月1日公告的名称为“System And Method For Adjusting DIDOInterference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength Measurements”(用于基于信号强度测量调整DIDO干扰消除的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,170,081;
2012年4月17日公告的名称为“System and Method For Distributed Input-Distributed Output Wireless Communications”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,160,121;
2011年2月8日公告的名称为“System and Method For Enhancing NearVertical Incidence Skywave(”NVIS“)Communication Using Space-Time Coding”(用于使用空时编码增强近垂直入射天波(“NVIS”)通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,885,354;
2010年5月4日公告的名称为“System and Method For Spatial-MultiplexedTropospheric Scatter Communications”(用于空间多路复用的对流层散射通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,711,030;
2009年12月22日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communication”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,636,381;
2009年12月15日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communication”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,633,994;
2009年10月6日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communication”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,599,420;
2008年8月26日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communication”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,418,053;
背景技术
频分双工(“FDD”)和时分双工(“TDD”)这两种模式都常常用于无线通信系统。例如,LTE标准支持FDD和TDD模式,又如,802.11版本(例如,Wi-Fi)支持TDD操作模式。
在LTE的情况下,各种编号频带被限定在被称为“演进UMTS陆地无线接入”(E-UTRA)空气接口内。每个E-UTRA频带不仅指定了特定的频带编号,而且它还限定了该频带是FDD还是TDD,以及在频带内支持的带宽(例如,参见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_frequency_bands#Frequency_bands_and_channel_bandwidths,获取E-UTRA频带列表以及它们规格)。例如,频带7是限定为针对上行链路(“UL”)使用2500-2570MHz、针对下行链路(“DL”)使用2620-2690MHz的频率范围的FDD频带,它在每个UL频带和DL频带中支持5MHz、10MHz、15MHz和20MHz的信号带宽。
在许多情况下,E-UTRA频带重叠。例如,不同频带可为已分配在不同的市场或区域中的公共频谱。例如,频带41是针对UL和DL两者均使用2496-2690MHz的频率范围的TDD频带,该频率范围与FDD频带7中UL和DL两者的范围重叠。当前,频带41在美国由斯普林特(Sprint)公司使用,而频带7在接壤国家加拿大内由罗杰无线公司(Rogers Wireless)使用。因此,在美国,2500MHz-2570MHz是TDD频谱,而在加拿大,相同频率范围为FDD频谱的UL。
通常,移动设备在附接到无线网络之后,将会扫描整个频带,搜索来自一个或多个基站的传输信息,并且通常在附接过程中,基站将会传输该网络的特征,诸如由网络使用的带宽以及使用的协议的细节。例如,如果在美国,LTE设备扫描整个2620MHz-2690MHz的范围,那么它会接收由eNodeB传输的LTE DL帧,该LTE DL帧将频谱识别为频带41,并且如果LTE设备支持频带41和TDD,那么它会尝试在那个频带中以TDD模式连接到eNodeB。类似地,如果在加拿大,LTE设备扫描整个2620MHz-2690MHz的范围,那么它会接收由eNodeB传输的LTE DL帧,该LTE DL帧将频谱识别为频带7,并且如果LTE设备支持频带7和FDD,那么它会尝试在频带7中以FDD模式连接到eNodeB。
全球范围内部署的最早的LTE网络使用FDD模式(如,威瑞森公司(Verizon),美国电话电报公司(AT&T)),但TDD模式的使用在FDD覆盖较广的市场如美国(其中斯普林特公司正在部署TDD)以及尚未广泛覆盖LTE的市场如中国(其中中国移动正在部署TDD)中正在逐渐增加。在许多情况下,单个的运营商在不同频率下部署FDD和TDD(例如,斯普林特公司(Sprint)在美国以不同频率运营FDD LTE和TDD LTE),并且可以提供能够以两个模式操作的LTE设备,具体采用哪种模式操作取决于使用的是哪个频带。
应当注意,LTE频带的E-UTRA列表决非最终列表,而是在随新的频谱被分配给移动运营商以及指定了使用该频谱的设备而演变。新的频带既在不存在当前频带与其频率部重叠的频谱中指定,也在频带与先前频带分配的频率重叠的频谱中指定。例如,在较早的700MHz FDD频带(诸如频带12、13、14和17)被指定几年后,添加了频带44、即跨越703-803MHz的TDD频带作为E-UTRA频带。
如从图6中可以看出的那样,大部分移动数据曾是语音数据(例如,2007年1季度),这些数据是高度对称的。然而,随着2007年iPhone的问世和Android的迅速采用,以及2009年iPad的问世,非语音移动数据迅速超过语音数据的增长,以至于到2013年年中,语音数据仅占移动数据通信量的一小部分。预计,非语音数据会继续呈指数增涨,从而越来越使语音数据弱化。
如从图7中可以看出的那样,非语音移动数据主要由媒体支配,诸如视频流、音频流和Web浏览(其中的大多数包括视频流)。虽然一些媒体流是UL数据(例如,在视频会议过程中),但大部分媒体流是DL数据,这产生了高度不对称的DL对UL数据使用。例如,在2013年5月28日的《金融时报》(Financial Times)文章“Asymmetry and the impending(US)spectrum crisis”(不对称性以及将到来的(US)频谱危机)中提到,“...据业内估计,下行链路中数据通信量与上行链路中数据通信量的比的范围为从约八比一(8∶1)至大得多的比。”该文章接着指出,FDD模式将相同量的频谱分配给每个DL和UL,因此在美国大量的FDD部署在处理此类不对称性上显得效率极低。又如,高通公司(Qualcomm)基于2009年哎多个现存网络测量结果而估计出,DL/UL通信量不对称性对于美国的运营商之一来说高达9∶1。(cfr.,高通公司,“1000x:more spectrum especially for small cells”(1000倍:尤其是用于较小小区的更多频谱),2013年11月,http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/files/1000x-more-spectrum-especially-for-small-cells.pdf)。因此,即使当大量利用FDD DL频谱(可能直至过载)时,UL频谱也会在很大程度上未被使用。
《金融时报》文章指出,TDD更适合于这种不对称性,因为其能够被配置成将更多时隙分配给DL数据而非UL数据。例如,在20MHz被分配给FDD(以10+10MHz)的情况下,DL数据吞吐量限于10MHz的最大全时使用(即使当UL数据需要远少于已分配给其的10MHz时),而当20MHz被分配给TDD时,DL数据吞吐量可以在大部分的时间内使用所有20MHz,从而在小部分的时间内将20MHz分配给UL数据,更好地匹配于现今数据的使用特征。文章承认,不幸的是,大多现有美国移动频谱已致力于FDD模式,但敦促FCC在分配新的频谱时鼓励使用TDD。
虽然鉴于移动数据的越来越不对称的性质,TDD确实能够实现对新的频谱分配的更有效使用,但遗憾的是,现有FDD网络部署无法将操作模式改变为TDD,因为此类LTE FDD网络的大部分的用户拥有的设备仅支持FDD模式,而且如果网络被切换到TDD模式,那么他们的设备将无法联网。因此,随LTE数据使用变得越来越不对称,现有LTE FDD网络将出现DL拥塞增加的情况,而UL频谱将越来越无法得到充分利用(就8∶1的DL∶UL比,即2013年5月28日《金融时报》文章所估计的较低比率,其意味着如果DL信道得到完全利用,UL信道的仅1/8得到使用,相当于10MHz中的1.25MHz)。这种情况是极度浪费且低效的,尤其是鉴于实际移动频谱中的有限物理存在(例如,可穿透墙壁并以非视线方式良好传播的频率,诸如约450-2600MHz)和(越来越不对称的)移动数据的指数增长(例如,2013年2月思科公司(Cisco)VNI预测,现在到2018年,移动数据复合年增长率(CAGR)为61%,其中的大多数是视频流以及其他高度不对称的数据)。
附图说明
结合附图,可从以下具体实施方式更好地理解本发明,其中:
图1示出DIDO无线电接入网络(DRAN)的总体框架。
图2示出符合OSI模型和LTE标准的虚拟无线电实例(VRI)的协议栈。
图3示出在DIDO无线网络中扩展覆盖区域的相邻DRAN。
图4示出DRAN与相邻无线网络之间的越区切换。
图5示出DRAN与LTE蜂窝网络之间的越区切换。
图6是现有技术,示出2007-2013年移动频谱的语音使用情况和非语音使用情况。
图7是现有技术,示出2012年各应用类型的移动数据通信量份额。
图8是现有技术的FDD LTE操作模式和TDD LTE操作模式的比较情况。
图9示出与现有FDD网络并行使用UL频谱的新TDD网络。
图10是TDD LTE双工配置的现有技术图表。
图11示出与现有FDD网络并行使用DL频谱的新TDD网络。
图12示出与现有FDD网络并行使用UL和DL频谱的两个新TDD网络。
图13示出与现有FDD网络并行使用UL和DL频谱的新TDD网络。
具体实施方式
一种克服许多以上现有技术局限的解决方案是使用户设备在与当前使用的UL或DL FDD频谱相同的频谱中以TDD模式并行操作,使得TDD频谱使用得以受到协调,从而不与当前FDD频谱使用发生冲突。具体来说,在FDD UL信道中,存在越来越多未使用的频谱,而TDD设备可以在不影响现有FDD网络吞吐量的情况下,来使用该频谱。这还实现了TDD使用高度有效传播的UHF频谱,该有效UHF频谱在世界上的许多地域几乎完全被分配给FDD,从而将TDD归入传播有效性低得多的微波频带。
在另一个实施例中,使用户设备在与当前使用的UL或DL FDD频谱相同的频谱中以FDD模式来并行操作,使得UL信道和DL信道被翻转,并且每个网络频谱使用被协调,以不与其他网络频谱的使用发生冲突。鉴于每个网络的UL信道相较DL信道来说越来越无法得到充分利用,其允许每个网络的DL信道利用在其他网络的UL信道中未使用的频谱。
另外,在任一个实施例中,可通过采用如以下专利、专利申请和临时专利申请所描述的分布式输入分布式输出(“DIDO”)技术实现的一种或两种网络来大幅增加频谱效率,所有这些专利、专利申请和临时专利申请均被转让给本专利的受让人并且以引用方式并入。有时,这些专利、专利申请和临时专利申请在本文中有时统称为“相关专利和申请”。
名称为“Systems and Methods for Mapping Virtual Radio Instances intoPhysical Areas to Coherence in Distributed Antenna Wireless Systems”(用于在分布式天线无线系统中将虚拟无线电实例映射到物理相干区域中的系统和方法)的美国临时申请序列号61/937,273;
名称为“System and Method For Distributed Antenna WirelessCommunications”(用于分布式天线无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号14/156,254;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell MultiplexingGain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed OutputTechnology”(用于经由分布式输入分布式输出技术在无线蜂窝系统中利用小区间多路复用增益的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号14/086,700;
名称为“Systems And Methods To Coordinate Transmissions In DistributedWireless Systems Via User Clustering”(用于经由用户聚类在分布式无线系统中协调传输的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号14/023,302;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Radio Frequency Calibration ExploitingChannel Reciprocity in Distributed Input Distributed Output WirelessCommunications”(用于在分布式输入分布式输出无线通信中利用信道互易性进行射频校正的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/844,355;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell MultiplexingGain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed OutputTechnology”(用于经由分布式输入分布式输出技术在无线蜂窝系统中利用小区间多路复用增益的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/797,984;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell MultiplexingGain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed OutputTechnology”(用于经由分布式输入分布式输出技术在无线蜂窝系统中利用小区间多路复用增益的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/797,971;
名称为“Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell MultiplexingGain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed OutputTechnology”(用于经由分布式输入分布式输出技术在无线蜂窝系统中利用小区间多路复用增益的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/797,950;
名称为“Systems and Methods for wireless backhaul in distributed-inputdistributed-output wireless systems”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线系统中的无线回程的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/633,702;
名称为“Systems and Methods to enhance spatial diversity indistributed-input distributed-output wireless systems”(用于在分布式输入分布式输出无线系统中增强空间分集的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/475,598;
名称为“System and Methods to Compensate for Doppler Effects inDistributed-Input Distributed Output Systems”(用于在分布式输入分布式输出系统中补偿多普勒效应的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/464,648;
名称为“System and Methods for planned evolution and obsolescence ofmultiuser spectrum”(用于多用户频谱的计划演进和退化的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/233,006;
名称为“Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in WirelessSystems”(用于在无线系统中利用相干区域的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/232,996;
名称为“System And Method For Managing Handoff Of A Client BetweenDifferent Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output(DIDO)Networks Based OnDetected Velocity Of The Client”(用于基于所检测到的客户端速度管理客户端在不同分布式输入分布式输出(DIDO)网络之间的越区切换的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号12/802,989;
名称为“Interference Management,Handoff,Power Control And LinkAdaptation In Distributed-Input Distributed-Output(DIDO)CommunicationSystems”(分布式输入分布式输出(DIDO)通信系统中的干扰管理、越区切换、功率控制和链路适配)的美国专利申请序列号12/802,988;
名称为“System And Method For Link adaptation In DIDO MulticarrierSystems”(用于DIDO多载波系统中的链路适配的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号12/802,975;
名称为“System And Method For Managing Inter-Cluster Handoff OfClients Which Traverse Multiple DIDO Clusters”(用于管理穿越多个DIDO集群的客户端的集群间切换的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号12/802,974;
名称为“System And Method For Power Control And Antenna Grouping In ADistributed-Input-Distributed-Output(DIDO)Network”(用于分布式输入分布式输出(DIDO)网络中的功率控制和天线分组的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号12/802,958;
2014年2月18日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communications”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,654,815;
2013年10月29日公告的名称为“System and Method for DIDO precodinginterpolation in multicarrier systems”(用于多载波系统中的DIDO预编码内插的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,571,086;
2013年9月24日公告的名称为“Systems and Methods to coordinatetransmissions in distributed wireless systems via user clustering”(用于经由用户聚类在分布式无线系统中协调传输的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,542,763;
2013年4月23日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communication”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,428,162;
2012年5月1日公告的名称为“System And Method For Adjusting DIDOInterference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength Measurements”(用于基于信号强度测量调整DIDO干扰消除的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,170,081;
2012年4月17日公告的名称为“System and Method For Distributed Input-Distributed Output Wireless Communications”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号8,160,121;
2011年2月8日公告的名称为“System and Method For Enhancing NearVertical Incidence Skywave(“NVIS”)Communication Using Space-Time Coding”(用于使用空时编码增强近垂直入射天波(“NVIS”)通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,885,354;
2010年5月4日公告的名称为“System and Method For Spatial-MultiplexedTropospheric Scatter Communications”(用于空间多路复用的对流层散射通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,711,030;
2009年12月22日公告的名称为“System and Method for DistributedInputDistributed Output Wireless Communication”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,636,381;
2009年12月15日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communication”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,633,994;
2009年10月6日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communication”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,599,420;
2008年8月26日公告的名称为“System and Method for Distributed InputDistributed Output Wireless Communication”(用于分布式输入分布式输出无线通信的系统和方法)的美国专利号7,418,053;
本发明公开了在活跃使用的频谱内进行并行频谱使用的系统和方法。一些实施例利用本专利受让人先前所公开的分布式输入分布式输出和MU-MAS技术。以下部分1和部分2中的公开内容对应于2014年2月7日提交的名称为“Systems and Methods for MappingVirtual Radio Instances into Physical Areas to Coherence in DistributedAntenna Wireless Systems”(用于在分布式天线无线系统中将虚拟无线电实例映射到物理相干区域中的系统和方法)的美国临时专利申请序列号61/937,273中的公开内容,并且与本发明有关。
1.用于将VRI映射到相干区域中的系统和方法
本发明的一个实施例公开了用于通过虚拟无线电实例(VRI)在网络与无线链路中多个相干区域之间,在相同频带内传送多个同时非干扰性数据流的系统和方法。在一个实施例中,该系统是多用户多天线系统(MU-MAS),如图1中所示。图1中的颜色编码单元示出了如下文所述的数据源101、VRI 106和相干区域103之间的一对一映射。
1.1系统架构概述
在图1中,数据源101是携载本地或远程服务器中的网页内容或文件的数据文件或流,诸如文本、图像、声音、视频或其组合。在网络102与无线链路110中的每个相干区域103之间发送或接收一个或多个数据文件或流。在一个实施例中,该网络是互联网或任何有线或无线局域网。
相干区域是空间中的某个体积,其中来自MU-MAS的不同天线的波形以某种方式相干相加,使得在该相干区域内仅接收到一个VRI的数据输出112,而不会受到经由同一无线链路同时发送的其他VRI的其他数据输出的任何干扰。在本专利申请中,我们使用术语“相干区域”来描述我们此前的专利申请[名称为“Systems and Methods to Exploit Areasof Coherence in Wireless Systems”(用于在无线系统中利用相干区域的系统和方法)的美国专利申请序列号13/232,996]中所描述的相干体积或私人小区(例如,“pCellsTM”103)。在一个实施例中,相干区域对应于用户设备(UE)111或无线网络的订户的位置,这样每个订户被关联到一个或多个数据源101。相干区域的大小和形状可依据传播条件以及用于生成它们的MU-MAS预编码技术的类型而变化。在本发明的一个实施例中,MU-MAS预编码器动态调整相干区域的大小和形状,从而适应于变化的传播条件,同时以良好的链路可靠性将内容传送给用户。
首先通过网络102将数据源101发送到DIDO无线电接入网络(DRAN)104。接着,DRAN将数据文件或流转换为UE能够接收的数据格式,并将数据文件或流同时发送到多个相干区域,使得每个UE接收其自己的数据文件或流,而不会受到发送至其他UE的其他数据文件或流的干扰。DRAN包含作为所述网络与VRI 106之间的接口的网关105。VRI将正由网关路由的包转换为数据流112,该数据流作为原始数据或以包或帧结构的形式被馈送到MU-MAS基带单元。在一个实施例中,VRI包括开放系统互连(OSI)协议栈,该协议栈由若干层构成:应用层、表示层、会话层、传输层、网络层、数据链路层和物理层,如图2a所示。在另一个实施例中,VRI仅包括这些OSI层的子组。
在另一个实施例中,VRI是根据不同无线标准来定义。以举例而非限制的方式,第一VRI由来自GSM标准的协议栈构成,第二VRI由来自3G标准的协议栈构成,第三VRI由来自HSPA+标准的协议栈构成,第四VRI由来自LTE标准的协议栈构成,第五VRI由来自LTE-A标准的协议栈构成,而第六VRI由来自Wi-Fi标准的协议栈构成。在示例性实施例中,VRI包括由LTE标准定义的控制平面或用户平面协议栈。用户平面协议栈在图2b中示出。每个UE 202通过PHY、MAC、RLC和PDCP层与其自己的VRI 204通信,通过IP层与网关203通信,通过应用层与网络205通信。对于控制平面协议栈,UE还通过NAS(如LTE标准栈中所定义)层直接与移动性管理实体(MME)通信。
虚拟连接管理器(VCM)107负责分配UE的PHY层身份(例如,小区特定的无线电网络临时标识符,RNTI)、VRI和UE的验证和移动性。VRI的输出处的数据流112被馈送到虚拟无线电管理器(VRM)108。VRM包括调度器单元(为不同UE调度DL(下行链路)和UL(上行链路)包)、基带单元(例如,包括FEC编码器/解码器、调制器/解调器、资源网格构建器)和MU-MAS基带处理器(包括用于实现预编码操作的预编码逻辑)。在一个实施例中,数据流112是图2b中的PHY层的输出处的I/Q样本,其由MU-MAS基带处理器处理。在一个不同实施例中,数据流112是发送到调度器单元的MAC、RLC或PDCP包,该调度器单元将这些包转发到基带单元。基带单元将这些包转换为馈送到MU-MAS基带处理器的I/Q。
MU-MAS基带处理器是VRM的核心,其将来自M个VRI的M个I/Q样本转换为发送到N个接入点(AP)109的N个数据流113。在一个实施例中,数据流113是从AP 109经由无线链路110传输的N个波形的I/Q样本。在这个实施例中,AP由ADC/DAC、RF链和天线构成。在一个不同实施例中,数据流113是信息比特和MU-MAS预编码信息,这两者在AP处组合以生成经由无线链路110发送的N个波形。在这个实施例中,每个AP被装备有CPU、DSP或SoC,以在ADC/DAC单元之前执行额外的基带处理。
1.2支持移动性和越区切换
只要UE在AP的范围内,到目前为止所述的系统和方法就能工作。当UE从AP覆盖区域移出时,链路可能中断并且DRAN 301无法创建相干区域。为了扩展覆盖区域,这些系统可通过添加新AP来逐渐扩大。然而,VRM中可能没有足够的处理能力来支持新的AP,或者将新AP连接到同一VRM可能存在实际安装问题。在这些场景中,有必要添加相邻DRAN 302和303来支持新的AP,如图3所示。
在一个实施例中,一给定UE位于由第一DRAN 301和相邻DRAN 302服务的覆盖区域中。在这个实施例中,相邻DRAN 302仅会同来自第一DRAN 301的MU-MAS处理,为该UE执行MU-MAS基带处理。对于给定UE来说,由于该UE的VRI已经在第一DRAN 301内运行,因而VRI均不由相邻DRAN 302处理。为了能够实现第一DRAN与相邻DRAN之间的联合预编码,通过云VRM304和链路305在第一DRAN 301中的VRM与相邻DRAN 302中的VRM之间交换基带信息。链路305为任何有线链路(例如,光纤、DSL、线缆)或无线链路(例如,视线链路),其可支持足够的连接质量(例如,足够低的延迟时间和足够的数据速率),以避免MU-MAS预编码的性能降低。
在一个不同实施例中,一给定UE从第一DRAN 301的覆盖区域移出,进入相邻DRAN303的覆盖区域。在这个实施例中,关联到该UE的VRI从第一DRAN 301“瞬间移动(teleported)”到相邻DRAN 303。所谓VRI被瞬间移动或“VRI瞬间移动”,是指VRI状态信息从DRAN 301转移到DRAN 303,并且VRI停止在DRAN 301内执行,而开始在DRAN 303内执行。理想的是,VRI瞬间移动发生得足够快,使得从瞬间移动的VRI所服务的UE的角度来看,该UE没有感觉到其从该VRI接收的数据流发生任何间断。在一个实施例中,如果在VRI在被瞬间移动之后完全执行之前存在延迟,则在VRI瞬间移动开始之前,由此VRI服务的UE被置于某个状态,其中其不会中断其连接或以其他方式进入不期望的状态,直到该VRI在相邻DRAN303启动,且UE再次由正在执行的VRI服务为止。“VRI瞬间移动”由云VCM 306实现,该云VCM306将第一DRAN 301中的VCM连接到相邻DRAN 303中的VCM。VCM之间的有线或无线链路307并不具有与VRM之间的链路305相同的限制约束,因为它们仅仅携载数据而不影响MU-MAS预编码的性能。在本发明的同一实施例中,在第一DRAN 301与相邻DRAN 303之间采用另外的链路305来连接其VRM,该链路可支持所令人满意的连接质量(例如,足够低的延迟时间和足够的数据速率),以避免MU-MAS预编码的性能降低。在本发明的一个实施例中,第一RAN和相邻DRAN的网关连接到云网关308,该云网关管理跨DRAN的所有网络地址(或IP地址)转换。
在本发明的一个实施例中,VRI瞬间移动发生在本申请所公开的DRAN网络与任何相邻无线网络401之间,如图4所示。以举例而非限制的方式,无线网络401是任何常规蜂窝(例如GSM、3G、HSPA+、LTE、LTE-A)或无线局域网络(WLAN,例如Wi-Fi)。随着VRI从DRAN瞬间移动到相邻无线网络401,UE在这两个网络之间越区切换并且其无线连接可持续。
在一个实施例中,相邻无线网络401是图5所示的LTE网络。在这个实施例中,云VCM502连接到LTE移动性管理实体(MME)501。关于在LTE与DRAN网络之间越区切换的每个UE的身份、验证和移动性的所有信息在MME 501与云VCM 502之间交换。在同一实施例中,MME连接到一个或多个eNodeB 503,该eNodeB 503通过无线蜂窝网络连接到UE 504。eNodeB通过服务网关(S-GW)505和包数据网络网关(P-GW)506连接到网络507。
2.用于DL和UL MU-MAS处理的系统和方法
典型的下行链路(DL)无线链路包括携载用于整个小区的信息的广播物理信道以及具有用于给定UE的信息和数据的专用物理信道构成。例如,LTE标准定义广播信道(诸如P-SS和S-SS(用于UE处的同步))、MIB和PDCCH,以及用于将数据载送到给定UE的信道(如PDSCH)。在本发明的一个实施例中,对所有LTE广播信道(例如,P-SS、S-SS、MIC、PDCCH)进行预编码,使得每个UE接收其自己的专用信息。在一个不同的实施例中,广播信道的一部分进行了预编码,一部分未进行预编码。以举例而非限制的方式,PDCCH包含广播信息以及专用于一个UE的信息,诸如用于将UE指向待在DL和上行链路(UL)信道上使用的资源块(RB)的DCI 1A和DCI 0。在一个实施例中,不对PDCCH的广播部分进行预编码,而以某种方式对包含DCI 1A和0的部分进行预编码,以使得每个UE获得其自己的关于携载数据的RB的专用信息。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,向数据信道的全部或仅一部分(如LTE系统中的PDSCH)应用预编码。通过在整个数据信道上来应用预编码,本专利申请公开的MU-MAS的一个实施例将整个带宽分配给每个UE,并且经由空间处理将多个UE的多个数据流分开。然而,在典型的场景中,大多数(如果不是全部的话)UE不需要整个带宽(例如,在20MHz的频谱中,用于TDD配置#2的峰值数据速率为每个UE约70Mbps)。接着,本专申请的MU-MAS的一个实施例如在OFDMA系统中的那样将DL RB细分成多个块,并且将每个块指定给某个UE子组。通过MU-MAS预编码将同一块内的所有UE分开。在另一个实施例中,MU-MAS将不同DL子帧分配给不同UE子组,从而分割DL,如在TDMA系统中的那样。在又一个实施例中,MU-MAS在UE子组当中将DL RB细分在多个块中,如在OFDMA系统中那样,并且还将不同DL子帧分配给不同UE子组,如在TDMA系统中的那样,从而利用OFDMA和TDMA两者来分割吞吐量。例如,如果在20MHz下,在TDD配置#2中存在10个AP,那么总DL容量为70Mbps×10=700Mbps。如果存在10个UE,则每个UE可同时接收70Mbps。如果存在200个UE并且总吞吐量将被平均分割,则如果使用OFDMA、TDMA或其组合,这200个UE将被划分成20个具有10个UE的群组,由此每个UE将接收700Mbps/200=3.5Mbps。又如,假如10个UE需要20Mbps并且其他UE平等地共享剩余吞吐量,则700Mbps中的20Mbps×10=200Mbps将用于10个UE,剩下700Mbps-200Mbps=500Mbps来在剩余200-10=190个UE当中分割。因而,剩余190个UE中的每者将会接收500Mbps/190=2.63Mbps。因此,可在本发明的MU-MAS系统中支持比AP多得多的UE,并且所有AP的总吞吐量可在多个UE当中分割。
在UL信道中,LTE标准定义常规的多路接入技术,诸如TDMA或SC-FDMA。在本发明的一个实施例中,以某种方式在DL上实现MU-MAS预编码以将UL授权指派给不同UE以能够实现TDMA和SC-FDMA多路访问技术。因此,可在比所存在的AP多得多的UE当中分割总UL吞吐量。
当存在比所存在的AP多的UE并且在UE当中分割总吞吐量时,如上文所述,在一个实施例中,,MU-MAS系统支持每个UE的VRI,并且VRM控制VRI,使得VRI按照用于细分总吞吐量的所选OFDMA、TDMA或SC-FDMA系统利用RB和资源授权。在另一个实施例中,一个或多个单独VRI可支持多个UE并且管理经由OFDMA、TDMA或SC-FDMA技术在这些UE当中进行吞吐量的调度。
在另一个实施例中,吞吐量调度是基于用户需求的负载平衡,使用许多现有技术中的任一种,这取决于系统的政策和性能目标。在另一个实施例中,调度是基于特定UE(例如,支付特定级的服务,从而确保一定的吞吐量水平)或特定数据类型(例如,电视服务用的视频)的服务质量(QoS)要求。
在另一实施例中,应用UL接收天线选择以改进链路质量。在这种方法中,在VRM处基于由UE发送的信令信息(例如,SRS、DMRS)来估计UL信道质量,并且VRM决定在UL上的用于不同UE的最佳接收天线。接着,VRM向每个UE指派一个接收天线以改进其链路质量。在不同实施例中,采用接收天线选择以减少由SC-FDMA方案引起的频带之间的交叉干扰。这种方法的一个显著优点是UE将在UL上仅向最靠近其位置的AP进行传输。在这个场景中,UE可显著地降低其传输到达最近AP的功率,由此增加电池寿命。在同一实施例中,针对UL数据信道和UL信令信道采用不同的功率比例因子。在一个示例性实施例中,与数据信道相比增大UL信令信道(例如,SRS)的功率以允许来自众多AP的UL CSI估计和MU-MAS预编码(在TDD系统中采用UL/DL信道互易性),同时仍限制UL数据传输所需要的功率。在同一实施例中,由VRM通过DL信令基于均衡化去往/来自不同UE的相对功率的传输功率控制方法,调整UL信令和UL数据信道的功率电平。
在不同实施例中,在UL接收器处应用最大比值合并(MRC)以改进从每个UE到多个AP的信号质量。在不同的实施例中,迫零(ZF)或最小均方误差(MMSE)或串行干扰消除(SIC)或其他非线性的技术或与用于DL预编码相同的预编码技术可应用于UL,以区分从不同UE相干区域接收的数据流。在同一实施例中,向UL数据信道(例如,PUSCH)或UL控制信道(例如,PUCCH)或两者应用接收空间处理。
3.用于在活跃使用的频谱内进行并行频谱使用的系统和方法
如以上背景技术部分中所详细描述,并且如图6和图7所示,移动数据使用已从由高度对称的语音数据主导显著地改变为由高度不对称的非语音数据主导,尤其是媒体,如视频流。世界上的移动LTE部署大多数是FDD LTE,其物理层结构在图8的上半部分中示出,该结构具有固定的、对称的上行链路(“UL”)和下行链路(“DL”)信道,并且因此,当DL信道随着DL数据相对于UL数据呈指数地增长而变得越来越为拥塞时,UL数据信道变得越来越利用不足。
LTE标准还支持TDD LTE(也称为“TD-LTE”),其物理层结构在图8的下半部分中示出,并且移动运营商可选择UL信道和DL信道对称(如在该图中所示)或不对称(例如,其中更多子帧被分配给DL或UL信道),并且因此,当DL信道随着DL数据相对于UL数据呈指数地增长而变得越来越为拥塞时,该移动运营商可以选择相比UL将更多的子帧分配给DL。例如,在一个配置中,TD-LTE支持8∶1的DL∶UL比,从而将与UL相比8倍的子帧分配给DL。
除了TD-LTE在一个信道中是双向的这一事实之外,TD-LTE和FDD LTE的结构和细节几乎相同。在两种模式中,每帧具有10ms持续时间,并由每个为1ms的10个子帧构成。调制和编码方案几乎相同,并且协议栈的上层实际相同。在两种情况下,用户设备(“UE”)装置(例如,移动电话、平板电脑)的时间基准和频率基准由eNodeB(LTE基站协议栈)提供给所有装置(经由FDD LTE的DL信道,以及在TD-LTE的DL子帧期间)。
应当注意,在FDD LTE和TDD LTE都有的情况下,网络可被配置成使得UE仅在eNodeB许可这样做时可传输通过DL传输接收到的UL数据。因此,eNodeB不仅控制其何时传输DL数据,而且还控制UE何时可传输UL数据。
另外,特别地,在LTE FDD UE情况下,其接收器仅调谐至其DL信道,并且不具有调谐至其UL信道的接收器。因此,FDD UE对于在其UL信道中由另一装置传输的任何内容是“聋”的。
而且,在所有UE均为LTE UE(无论FDD还是TDD)的情况下,即使在它们的接收器被调谐成特定信道的情况下,除了旨在用于所有UE(或用于给定UE)的维持其时间基准以及与网络的连接,或者指令它们接收数据的时间和频率的某些控制信号之外,这些LTE UE忽略预期不针对它们的DL数据。或者,换句话说,与LTE UE相关的DL数据仅为作为控制信息的数据,或针对该UE的数据。在其他时间中,无论信道被使用为DL通向另一UE,还是根本不使用或出于LTE标准以外的目的使用,UE对于不是控制信息或不针对该UE的DL数据的任何DL传输来说是“聋”的。因此,LTE接收器(无论FDD还是TDD)仅接收预期用于所有UE或用于给定UE的控制数据,或者接收用于给定UE的数据。可忽略DL信道中的其他传输。
图9示出FDD和TDD网络如何可并行地使用活跃使用的FDD频谱。标记为“FDD LTE910”的顶部两条方框线示出在上行链路(“UL”)与下行链路(“DL”)信道两者中,由10个lms子帧间隔构成的一个LTE帧间隔(10ms)。此图表明不对称的数据传输类型,这种类型越来越为典型(例如,下行链路视频流),其中存在远多于UL数据的DL数据。填充有斜线的具有实线外框的方框(例如,方框912和方框911)指示其中数据正被传输的子帧,空白的具有虚线外框的方框(例如,方框914)示出“空闲”子帧,其中无数据正被传输(即,在该子帧间隔之中,在信道中无传输)。方框911是10个DL子帧中的2个,这些子帧都充满数据。方框912示出有数据的1个UL子帧。而且,方框914是9个空闲UL子帧中的3个,它们都不没有数据传输。
图9中标记为“TDD LTE 920”的中间两条方框线示出由10个1ms子帧间隔构成的一个LTE帧间隔(10ms),包括2个“特殊”子帧间隔,但不同于FDD LTE 910线,TDD LTE 920线中的两条方框线不仅彼此共享相同频谱,而且还共享与FDD上行链路相同的频谱。此图示出不对称的数据传输,其中存在4个DL子帧和3个UL子帧传输数据。填充有虚线的具有实线外框的方框(例如,方框921、方框922和方框923)指示其中数据正被传输的子帧,空白的具有虚线外框的方框(即,方框924)示出空闲子帧,其中无数据正被传输(即,在该子帧间隔之中,在信道中无传输)。方框921是4个DL子帧中的1个,所有这些子帧都充满数据。方框922示出3个UL子帧中的1个,所有这些子帧均具有数据。方框924是1个空闲UL子帧,它是空的。
图9中标记为“FDD+TDD LTE 930”的接下来的两条方框线示出由10个1ms子帧间隔构成的一个LTE帧间隔(10ms),包括2个“特殊”子帧间隔,并且示出FDD LTE 910系统与TDDLTE 920系统之间的并行操作,其中TDD LTE 920系统共享与FDD LTE 910上行链路相同的频谱。两个系统不会彼此干扰,因为(a)在FDD LTE 910系统具有UL数据传输的子帧间隔912中,TDD LTE 920系统在其既非UL也非DL时具有空闲间隔924;(b)在其中TDD LTE 920系统在UL或DL方向上具有传输的子帧间隔(例如,921、923和922)中,FDD LTE 910系统具有无UL数据传输的空闲UL间隔(例如,空闲UI子帧914)。因此,两个系统使用相同频谱共存,而这两者之间并无干扰。
为了要并行使用相同频谱的FDD LTE 910和TDD LTE 920网络,它们操作必须通过设置用于并行操作两个频谱共享网络的一个eNodeB协调,或者通过操作现有TDD LTE 920网络的eNodeB和第二网络控制器(可能是eNodeB)或与LTE定时和帧框架结构兼容的另一系统的协调来进行协调,该另一系统如以上在部分1和部分2中以及在相关的专利和专利申请中公开的分布式输入分布式输出分布式天线MU-MAS C-RAN系统。在任何这些情况下,FDDLTE 910系统和TDD LTE 920系统两者的帧必须同步,这不仅就定时而言,也就子帧资源分配而言。例如,在图9的情况下,控制FDD LTE 910系统的系统将需要知道哪些子帧是可用于UL的TDD UL子帧(例如,将不与在UE处用于时间同步和频率同步的通过子帧#0和#5发送的TDD DL控制信号冲突),并且将那些子帧中的一者用于其FDD UL子帧912。如果同一系统也控制TDD LTE 920系统,它将还必须确保在该子帧912期间不从TDD装置调度UL,而如果它不控制TDD LTE 920系统,那么它将必须通知控制TDD LTE 920的任何系统在该子帧912期间不从TDD装置调度UL。当然,可能存在如下情况:FDD LTE 910系统在帧时间中要求多于1个UL子帧,并且如果如此,那么其控制器将会针对其UL子帧使用3个TDD LTE 920子帧922的任一个或全部,并如上所述适当地控制或通知。应当注意,可能存在如下情况:在一些10ms帧内,所有UL子帧被分配到网络中的一者,而其他网络没有获得UI子帧。LTE装置并不期望能够每帧时间都传输UL数据(例如,当LTE网络拥塞时,LTE装置可能在UL子帧的即使一部分得到授权前,等待许多帧时间),因此本发明的一个实施例在给定的帧中的所有可用TDD LTE920 UL子帧均由一个网络使用时(即,其他网络“缺少”UL子帧)起作用。然而,一个网络缺少过多的连续帧或使总的UL帧过少将会导致网络性能不佳(例如,低UL吞吐量或高的往返延迟),并且在某些时刻,如果连接到网络的LTE装置寻求传输UL数据,则可能确定网络不可用并断开连接。由此,建立适当调度优先级和范例以平衡FDD LTE 910网络与TDD LTE 920之间的UL子帧资源可以实现最佳的总体网络性能和用户(和/或UE)体验。
一种可用于平衡UI子帧资源(并且符合网络运营商优先级)但在独立FDD LTE系统中不可得的工具是图10所示的TDD LTE双工配置。图9示出TDD LTE 920系统TDD LTE双工配置1,其中在1Oms帧中的10个子帧中,存在4个UL子帧、4个DL子帧和2个特殊子帧。如从图10可见,存在若干TDD LTE双工配置,这些可根据移动运营商需求和数据通信量情况使用,并用FDD LTE 910网络需求平衡UL子帧资源。TDD LTE双工配置还可在数据通信量情况变化时随时间而变化。任何TDD LTE双工配置可与本发明一起使用。例如,在配置1中,如图9所示,1个UL子帧已分配给FDD网络,3个UL子帧已指定给TDD网络。如果FDD网络突然需要更多UL吞吐量,那么在紧接着的下一帧时,2个UL子帧可分配给FDD,留下2个给TDD。因此,在FDD网络和TDD网络之间转换UL子帧分配可以是极具动态的。
应当注意,如果需要,FDD LTE 910网络与TDD LTE 920网络之间的UL资源分配可甚至比以子帧为基础的分配更精细。将单个子帧内的一些资源块分配到FDD装置并且将其他资源块分配到TDD装置是可能的。例如,LTE标准针对UL信道采用SC-FDMA多接入技术。因此,来自FDD装置和TDD装置的UL信道可经由SC-FDMA方案指定给同一子帧内的不同的资源块。
最后,在那些将为TDD LTE 920DL或特殊子帧的过程中,调度FDD LTE 910UL是可能的。一个考虑是由TDD LTE UE使用以维持它们连接并维持定时的TDD DL控制信号(例如,通过子帧#0和#5发送的P-SS和S-SS广播信令)必须具有足够规律性地由TDD LTE UE接收,否则UE可能断开连接。
图11示出在图9中和上文中所述的相同概念,不同之处在于共享信道是FDD DL信道,而非FDD UL信道。来自图9的相同子帧填充和外框指示在图11中使用,并且如从图中可见,FDD通信量状况倒转,其中FDD LTE 1110 UL信道中的所有子帧正用于数据,而FDD LTE1110 DL子帧中的仅1个用于数据,同时所有其他DL子帧是“空闲”的,并且不在传输数据。类似地,所有TDD LTE 1120 UL子帧用于数据,而除一个外的所有TDD LTE 1120 DL子帧用于数据,并且在这种情况下,TDD LTE 1120 LTE信道与FDD LTE 1110 DL信道频率相同。组合的FDD LTE 1110网络和TDD LTE 1120网络的结果在FDD+TDD LTE 1120信道中示出。就像图9中的例子那样,两个网络可由单个控制器或通过多个控制器的协调进行控制,其中它们之间的调度确保两个网络按网络运营商的需要操作,并对用户和用户装置而言有足够的性能。
应当注意,连接到FDD LTE 1110网络的FDD装置依赖DL传输以获取控制和定时信息以及数据,并且它们必须在充分规律的基础上接收足够的控制信号以保持连接。在本发明的一个实施例中,FDD装置使用通过DL子帧(例如,子帧#0和#5)由TDD LTE 1120网络发送的广播信令,以获得时间和频率同步。在不同的实施例中,携载广播信令的子帧#0和#5被指定给FDD LTE 1110网络,并且用于在每个FDD装置处获得时间和频率同步。
虽然如上所述,通常FDD DL信道要比FDD UL信道更为拥塞,但是移动运营商希望共享DL信道也可能是有原因的。例如,一些UL信道由频谱监管机构限定为仅UL用(例如,可能有关于输出功率干扰相邻频带的担忧)。另外,在移动运营商开始提供可与其FDD频谱兼容的TDD装置后,移动运营商将有可能发现这些装置比FDD装置更有效地使用频谱,并因此可停止FDD装置的销售。随着旧的FDD装置被逐渐替换,而TDD成为占越来越多份额的装置,运营商希望将其频谱越来越多地分配给TDD装置,但仍维持与市场上的剩余FDD装置的兼容性。
为此目的,随着越来越少FDD装置还在运作,运营商可能决定将UL频带和DL频带两者均用于TDD操作。这在图12中示出,其中FDD LTE 1210仅具有用于UL的一个子帧和用于DL的一个子帧,并且剩余子帧是空闲的。存在两个TDD LTE网络1220和1230,每个网络分别使用FDD LTE 1210UL信道和DL信道,从而导致三个网络共享两个信道,如FDD+TDD LTE 1240中所示。相同的灵活性和约束如先前所述同样适用,并且可以使用所有3个网络的单个控制器或多个控制器。两个TDD网络可独立地操作,或者通过使用载波聚合技术操作。
运营商还可以选择将TDD完全放弃,而在相同频谱中添加第二FDD网络作为现有FDD网络,但其中上行链路信道和下行链路信道交换。这在图13中示出,其中FDD LTE 1310网络以有利于DL信道非常不对称地使用,因此仅一个子帧用于UL,并且第二FDD LTE 1320网络也以有利于DL信道非常不对称地使用,但要注意,在图13中,FDD LTE 1320的信道分配交换,其中FDD下行链路信道示为处于FDD上行链路信道上方,这与FDD LTE 1310或者先前附图中所示的信道次序相反。在FDD LTE 1310和1320都有的情况下,DL信道使与其他网络使用的一个UL帧对应的一个DL子帧空闲。当网络如图所示被组合为FDD+TDD LTE 1230时,除了子帧1231和1232之外,两个信道中的所有子帧都是DL。因此,90%的子帧专用于DL,这能随演变相比针对UL和DL的对称频谱分配更好地匹配移动通信量情况。
另外,这个结构使得管理网络的一个或多个控制器能够动态地改变在逐子帧的基础上分配给每个网络的UL子帧和DL子帧的数量,从而提供极具动态的UL/DL通信量适配,尽管事实是FDD装置正在使用这两个网络。
就像先前所述的组合的FDD/TDD网络那样,对FDD模式适用相同的约束,因为LTE装置必须接收充足的控制和定时信息以保持连接并实现良好操作,并且它们需要充分规律且足够数量的UL帧。
两个FDD网络可独立地操作或通过载波聚合来操作。
在另一个实施例中,由现有活跃网络中的DL信道(例如,在图9、图11、图12和图13中的FDD LTE 910、FDD LTE 1110、FDD LTE 1210或FDD LTE 1310)传输的控制信息是由一个或多个新的网络使用并使用相同信道(例如,在图9、图11、图12和图13中的TDD LTE 920、TDD LTE 1120、TDD LTE 1220和TDD LTE 1230或FDD LTE 1320)来确定哪些子帧和/或资源块和/或其他间隔将会空闲。以此方式,一个或多个新的网络可确定何时能够传输(无论DL还是UL)而不干扰现有活跃网络。此实施例有可能在不对现有活跃网络做任何修改或不依赖至现有活跃网络的控制器的任何特殊连接的情况下并行使用该现有活跃网络的频谱,因为它仅是一个或多个新的网络的控制器从现有活跃网络接收已经在DL传输中的内容的问题。在另一个实施例中,对现有活跃网络做出的修改仅是确保其使一个或多个新的网络能够传输必需的控制和定时信息来维持与UE的连接。例如,现有活跃网络可被配置成在必需的定时和同步信息正被被传输期间不传输,但其他方面则无修改地进行操作。
虽然在相同频谱中并行支持网络的以上实施例使用LTE标准作为例子,但是类似技术也可采用其他无线协议。
4.与活跃使用的频谱并行地使用DIDO MU-MAS
如部分1和部分2以及在相关的专利和专利申请中公开的,DIDO MU-MAS技术显著增加无线网络容量,提高可靠性和每个装置的吞吐量,并有可能降低装置成本。
一般来说,DIDO技术在TDD网络下要比在FDD网络下操作更有效,因为UL和DL在相同信道中,并且因此UL信道中接收的对准传输(training transmission)可用于通过利用信道互易性来得到DL信道的信道状态信息。另外,如所描述,TDD模式在本质上更适合于移动数据不对称性,从而允许更有效的频谱利用。
鉴于世界上当前的LTE部署大多数是FDD,通过利用部分3中公开的技术,就有可能在针对FDD活跃地使用的频谱中部署TDD网络,并且DIDO可与该新的TDD网络一起使用,由此显著增加频谱容量。这尤其显著,因为UHF频率比微波频率传播得更好,但大多数的UHF移动频率已由FDD网络使用。通过在UHF频谱中将基于DIDO的TDD网络与现有FDD网络组合,就可部署特别有效的TDD网络。例如,频带44是703-803MHz的TDD频带,其在美国与大量700MHzFDD频带重叠。频带44装置可以在与700MHz FDD装置相同的频谱中并行使用,使得DIDO TDD在主要频谱中实现。
DIDO不向上述频谱组合技术添加大量新的约束。如图4所示,按照上述子帧(或资源块)共享技术,图1所示的DRAN 104将会取代覆盖区域中的现有eNodeB,或与现有eNodeB401协调。
特别地,,如果DIDO系统正在控制整个系统并为FDD网络提供eNodeB,那么DIDO可以使用对准信号诸如来自FDD装置的SRS UL,以便在同一时间并且在相同频带内经由空间处理来自多个现有FDD装置的UL进行解码,由此显著提高现有FDD UL信道的频谱效率,并且由于分布式DIDO AP很可能要比单个蜂窝基站更靠近UE而减少所需UL功率(和/或接收更好的信号质量),而且还可利用信号组合技术诸如最大比值合并(MRC)或如先前就DIDO所述的其他技术。
因此,DIDO TDD可替换现有的eNodeB,并且以DIDO TDD装置使用现有频谱,同时还向已部署的现有FDD装置的UL应用DIDO益处。
Claims (5)
1.一种以FDD模式操作的无线网络,其中
以TDD模式操作的无线网络在相同频谱中并行操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括以TDD模式操作的所述无线网络在与所述FDD上行链路相同的频谱中操作。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括以TDD模式操作的所述无线网络在与所述FDD下行链路相同的频谱中操作。
4.以FDD模式操作的第一无线网络,
以FDD模式操作的第二无线网络,其中两个无线网络在相同频谱中并行操作。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统,还包括所述第一无线网络的上行链路在与所述第二无线网络的下行链路相同的频谱中并行操作。
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RU2714104C2 (ru) | 2020-02-11 |
EP3132650A4 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
US20150304855A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
KR20230058542A (ko) | 2023-05-03 |
MX2016013512A (es) | 2017-01-18 |
RU2016144927A3 (zh) | 2018-10-31 |
BR112016023760A2 (pt) | 2017-08-15 |
CA2945987A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
EP3132650A1 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
IL248265B (en) | 2020-06-30 |
NZ725064A (en) | 2020-02-28 |
AU2015248161A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
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