CN106415799A - 在半导体存储装置中形成金属盖帽的方法 - Google Patents

在半导体存储装置中形成金属盖帽的方法 Download PDF

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CN106415799A
CN106415799A CN201580026214.9A CN201580026214A CN106415799A CN 106415799 A CN106415799 A CN 106415799A CN 201580026214 A CN201580026214 A CN 201580026214A CN 106415799 A CN106415799 A CN 106415799A
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M·巴拉基山
边在龙
G·达马拉
李红旗
吕瑾
S·拉马利加姆
朱小云
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Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corp
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Abstract

本发明的示例性实施例涉及用于制造半导体存储装置的方法，所述方法包括选择性地淀积材料以在凹陷的单元结构之上形成盖帽，从而防止在氧化的或腐蚀的环境中单元结构内的部件的劣化。

Description

在半导体存储装置中形成金属盖帽的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年5月21日提交的美国优先权专利申请US14/283539的权益，该美国优先权专利申请的每个的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本公开的某些实施例涉及形成半导体装置。更具体的，本公开的实施例涉及用于在半导体存储装置中形成金属盖帽的方法。
背景技术
近来，对非易失性存储芯片的储存容量和功耗的需求一直在迅速发展。微型化的和高速的半导体元件的发展正以相似的步速前进。电阻变化存储装置(resistancevarying memory device)正在被更频繁的使用以代替闪存存储装置。电阻变化存储装置采用可变电阻元件作为储存元件。电阻变化存储装置包括但不限于ReRAM(电阻式RAM)、CBRAM(导电桥接随机存取存储器)、相变RAM(PCRAM)等。在典型的电阻式存储装置中，使用诸如CVD、PVD或者镀敷的常规方法将单元材料淀积在衬底上。单元材料可以是同质或非同质的，例如由多层组成。包括底电极的衬底可以是同质或非同质的，例如金属接触和电介质的组合。导电金属层被淀积在单元材料上，充当顶电极。一般地，当将某电压施加到顶电极时，单元材料电阻被例如从高电阻状态改变到低电阻状态。
发明内容
然而，难以使用光致抗蚀剂掩膜和等离子体刻蚀制作这样的存储单元结构，因为单元材料趋于复杂并且可以例如由多种过渡金属元素组成。由此，这些先进的单元材料不能通过可购买得到的干法刻蚀方法容易地被图案化。相应地，镶嵌处理一般用于制造单元结构，其中厚层(充当模板层)被淀积在衬底上并且被图案化成具有敞开的沟槽，在沟槽处将淀积单元材料。然后淀积单元材料的厚涂布，显著地过填充模板层中的沟槽。通过化学机械平坦化(CMP)去除模板层之上的多余的单元材料(称作过多的材料)，暴露模板层。通过化学方法、湿法剥除或干法剥除选择性地去除或剥露(exhume)模板层，制造隔离的单元结构。
然而在剥露期间，由于干法/湿法化学反应，单元材料的顶通过氧化或腐蚀被影响或损坏。这劣化了顶电极的导电性和单元材料的性能。
因此，在本领域中，对根据本发明的示例性实施例的用于形成半导体存储装置而不劣化单元材料的方法有需求。
提供用于在半导体存储装置中形成金属盖帽的方法，基本如附图中所示和/或结合至少附图之一所述，如权利要求中更完整地陈述的。
从以下连同附图的对本公开的详细描述的回顾，可以理解本公开的这些和其它特征及优点，在附图中，相同的附图标记始终指代相同的部分。
附图说明
图1描绘了根据本发明的示例性实施例的制造处理中的第一步骤。
图2描绘了根据本发明的示例性实施例的制造处理中的第二步骤。
图3描绘了根据本发明的示例性实施例的制造处理中的第三步骤。
图4描绘了根据本发明的示例性实施例的制造处理中的第四步骤。
具体实施方式
在存储单元结构中选择性地形成的金属盖帽中可发现某些实现。根据一个实施例，存储单元可用镶嵌处理形成。也就是，图案化并刻蚀模板层以形成沟槽，淀积活性单元材料和第一金属层以在沟槽中形成结构，然后通过化学机械平坦化(CMP)隔离沟槽中的结构。清洁暴露的第一金属表面并且用包括第二金属的盖帽选择性地覆盖暴露的第一金属表面。第二金属具有对氧化和/或腐蚀的一些抵抗性。通过等离子体增强氧化(称为剥露)或者化学溶解，选择性地去除模板层。在模板层去除期间，活性单元材料的顶表面和顶电极被盖帽层保护。存储单元可以是电阻式RAM(ReRAM)、导电桥接RAM(CB-RAM)单元、相变存储器(PCRAM)等。
图1-4描绘了根据本发明的示例性实施例的用于在半导体存储装置100中形成金属盖帽的方法。
图1描绘了装置100的制造处理中的第一步骤。镶嵌处理的结果是图1中所示的结构，其中衬底102具有第一接触112和第二接触114(底电极接触-BEC)。本领域的普通技术人员将认识到，取决于产生的装置100的用途，衬底102可包含单个接触或多个接触，并且本发明并不将装置100限制成仅有两个接触。金属接触112和114是导电的，充当底电极，并且被制造成通过包含电介质材料(诸如氧化硅、氮化硅等)的衬底层102。该电介质层102将活性单元材料108与活性半导体基底材料(图1中未示出，但是为本领域的普通技术人员周知)隔开。活性半导体基底材料可以是端子，例如晶体管的栅极端子。在一些实施例中这样的晶体管是用于放大或切换电信号的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)。模板层104坐落于衬底102的顶上。在镶嵌处理期间沟槽105形成在模板层104中。单元材料108被淀积在沟槽105上并且给沟槽105加衬。第一金属层110形成在单元材料108之上以填充沟槽105。第一金属层110将形成顶电极。在一些实施例中，选择铜作为第一金属层110以实现低电阻单元金属衬。在其它实施例中，金属层110可以是Cu、Au、Ta、Ru、Pt、W、Ti、多晶硅(Poly)等。模板层104可由碳、多晶硅、氧化硅等组成。
图2根据本发明的示例性实施例描绘了制造处理中的第二步骤，执行化学机械平坦化(CMP)以去除第一金属层110的体和单元材料108的部分。平坦化的第一金属层110和单元材料108形成从模板层104的平面凹进的单元结构202。根据一个实施例，CMP处理使用传统的CMP研磨剂诸如硅胶、煅制氧化硅或者胶体氧化铝。通过CMP期间的机械动作和/或化学改性去除第一金属层110和单元材料108。当模板层104被CMP暴露时，晶片表面和抛光衬垫之间的摩擦可显著地改变，基于摩擦的结束处理控制方法变得可行。类似地，当模板层104被CMP暴露时晶片表面的光学反射强度可显著地改变，并且这使得光学的基于摩擦的结束处理控制方法可行。在处理痕迹(诸如摩擦痕迹或光学反射痕迹)中的改变被捕获之后，过抛光开始。过抛光使得单元材料108后退到模板层104的平面之下，留下凹陷200。凹陷200的深度主要由过抛光时间决定。过抛光也完全地暴露了模板层104的表面使得其稍后将被剥露方法消耗。在CMP之后，执行湿法清洁处理以去除任何被氧化的表面金属并且暴露沟槽105中的第一金属层110的新生表面。在图3中描述的稍后的阶段中，新生表面有助于在凹陷200中选择性的淀积盖帽材料。在一些实施例中，要被淀积在凹陷200中的盖帽材料是W或Ti，这两者都具有比铜(也就是第一金属层110)或活性单元材料108更强的对腐蚀的抵抗性。当在模板层104被剥露之后将湿法清洁步骤施加到晶片上以便去除在等离子体增强剥露期间生成的各种聚合物的残留时，单元结构202更稳定。根据一些实施例，基于等离子体的干法刻蚀方法选择性地去除模板层104而单元材料108保留。在一些情形下，当模板层104被剥露时，可生成高度活性的化学种类，在单元结构202的表面上方产生固体副产品。根据一个实施例，通过使用一些酸性或碱性水溶液的湿法清洁方法选择性地去除这些副产品。这个处理一般称作刻蚀后清洁，为本领域的技术人员熟知。铜对于这种清洁是敏感的。W和Ti不受这样的湿法清洁影响。
图3描绘了根据本发明的示例性实施例的制造处理中的第三步骤。材料被选择性地淀积作为凹陷200中、第一金属层110的新生表面上的盖帽300，以保护单元结构202，并且特定地保护第一金属层110免受在选择性地去除模板层104时可能引起的任何化学反应的影响。盖帽300只淀积在凹陷200中而不淀积在模板层104上。在盖帽300形成之后，模板层104仍然是暴露的。在一些实施例中，可使用W、Ti、Co等形成盖帽300，能够被选择性地淀积在第一金属层110上方。作为示例，根据一个实施例，元素钨的选择性的淀积是通过在淀积腔室内使用气态WF6和SiH4作为淀积前驱物的化学气相淀积进行的，其中淀积前驱物在淀积期间被供给到腔室。在淀积期间，惰性和/或其它气体可被供给到腔室。在本实施例中，在淀积期间，衬底温度是从大约250℃到300℃，腔室压强从大约1mTorr到100mTorr，WF6到腔室的流速是从大约10sccm到1000sccm，而SiH4到腔室的流速是从大约5sccm到50sccm。示例惰性气体流速(例如Ar)是大约0sccm到1000sccm。本领域的技术人员将认识到这些范围不是特定地需要的并且其它范围可用在本发明的实施中。
W盖帽或Ti盖帽对湿法清洁期间的腐蚀具有抵抗性，这进一步防止了第一金属层110(例如铜层)的腐蚀。在一些实施例中，盖帽300是使用诸如SiN、SiOx和诸如HfOx、AlOx、ZrOx等的高k电介质的材料的选择性的电介质盖帽。根据示例性实施例，选择性的金属或选择性的电介质通过化学气相淀积(CVD)、原子层淀积(ALD)淀积、选择性的无电镀敷等中的一个来淀积。在一些实施例中，盖帽300可以是保护性的，即，盖帽300在模板层104剥露之后可以通过干法刻蚀技术被选择性地去除。
图4描绘根据本发明的示例性实施例的制造处理中第四步骤。模板层104通过干法处理或湿法处理选择性地去除。根据示例性实施例，如果模板层104是碳，将包含氧的等离子体用于剥露处理。如果模板层是多晶硅，可使用包含F的等离子体干法刻蚀执行剥露。在模板层104由氧化硅组成的另一实施例中，将包含HF的水溶液用于剥露步骤。本领域的技术人员将认识到，剥露处理将顺应用于形成模板层104的材料。由于第一金属层110之上的盖帽300的形成，防止了单元结构202中的金属层110的顶表面在剥露期间被氧化或腐蚀，相较于铜层未被保护的剥露处理，该金属层110的顶表面被很好地保持。然而，活性单元材料108的侧壁的部分可能被氧化或化学改性，如图4中的侧壁膜400所示。侧壁膜400变成了将内部单元结构108和110与外界的各种化学反应隔离的阻挡。尽管本公开已参照某些实施例描述，本领域的技术人员将理解的是，在不偏离本公开的范围的情况下，可做出各种改变并可替换各种等价物。此外，在不偏离本公开的范围情况下，可以对本公开的教导做出很多修改以适应具体的情境或材料。因此，意图的是，本公开不限于公开的具体的实施例，而是将包括所有落入所附权利要求的范围内的实施例。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于制造半导体存储装置的方法，所述方法包括：
选择性地淀积材料以在凹陷的单元结构之上形成盖帽从而防止在氧化的或腐蚀的环境中所述单元结构内的部件的劣化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中选择性地淀积盖帽材料进一步包括：
使用化学气相淀积、原子层淀积或选择性的无电镀敷之一用于淀积。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括使用干法刻蚀方法去除所述盖帽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括：
在对用于形成所述凹陷的单元结构的材料执行化学机械平坦化之后执行选择性的淀积。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述凹陷的单元结构包括低电阻顶电极和活性单元材料，并且所述单元结构形成在模板层中的沟槽中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中选择性的盖帽是使用W、Ti或Co之一形成的金属盖帽。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括：
在选择性地淀积形成所述盖帽的材料之前，执行化学机械平坦化(CMP)处理以形成所述凹陷的单元结构。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述盖帽是由W、TiN、TaN、Ta或TiW之一形成的金属盖帽。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述盖帽是由SiN、SiOx、HfOx、AlOx或ZrOx之一形成的电介质盖帽。
10.一种装置，所述装置包括：
凹陷的单元结构，所述凹陷的单元结构形成在衬底的顶上的沟槽中，所述沟槽通过镶嵌处理生成；以及
盖帽，所述盖帽形成在所述凹陷的单元结构之上以保护所述凹陷的单元结构免于劣化。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中所述盖帽通过选择性的淀积形成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置，所述装置形成存储单元，其中所述存储单元是电阻性RAM(ReRAM)单元、导电桥接RAM(CB-RAM)单元或相变存储(PCRAM)单元。
13.根据权利要求11所述的装置，其中所述盖帽是电介质盖帽或金属盖帽。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述金属盖帽使用W、TiN、TaN、Ta或TiW之一形成，而电介质盖帽使用SiN、SiOx或高k电介质之一形成。
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