CN106192279A - 长纤维无纺布以及具有该长纤维无纺布的层积布料 - Google Patents
长纤维无纺布以及具有该长纤维无纺布的层积布料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种长纤维无纺布以及具有该长纤维无纺布的层积布料,所述长纤维无纺布是具有长纤维而构成的长纤维无纺布,是形成有具有极端落差(凸顶高度)的不规则的凹凸状皱折(或者花纹)的长纤维无纺布。所述层积布料,具有所述长纤维无纺布(内层)和、在所述长纤维无纺布的一面上层积的第一布料(第一外层),在所述长纤维无纺布(内层)和所述第一布料(第一外层)之间形成第一空间部。
Description
本申请是2014年2月27日递交的发明名称为“长纤维无纺布和具有该长纤维无纺布的层积布料”、申请号为201410069148.0的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以凸顶变高的方式加工成的长纤维无纺布以及具有该长纤维无纺布的层积布料。
背景技术
有一种短纤维无纺布,使用100℃的热水对由短纤维构成的无纺布进行热处理从而形成有凹凸状的花纹(参照专利文献1)。再者,还有一种通过规则的凹凸压花延展加工而形成有规则的凹凸的无纺布(参照专利文献2)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2005-220446号公报;
专利文献2:日本特开2001-48238号公报。
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术课题
但是,上述专利文献1中,因为以短纤维作为材料,所以为了得到在供于实际应用时的必要强度,必须使用与此相应的布料密度(目付け:布料等物品单位面积的质量或者重量)的短纤维无纺布。再者,虽然不规则的花纹容易加工,但是另一方面,若经过长期使用、洗涤次数变多,就不能维持花纹形状,逐渐就有花纹形状减弱的倾向。再者,上述专利文献2中,只不过记载了形成有规则性的凹凸的无纺布,因为用凹凸压花轧辊加工,所以该无纺布在其两面方向上交互形成有凹凸。
本发明就是鉴于上述问题而完成的,其目的在于,提供一种长纤维无纺布,其形成有具有极端落差(凸顶高度)的不规则的凹凸状皱折(或花纹)、轻量且具有充足的强度。再者,其目的还在于,提供一种具有一块或两块以上长纤维无纺布的层积布料、具有该层积布料的服装、寝具、具有该层积布料的窗帘、铺垫物等。
用于解决课题的技术手段
用于解决上述课题的本发明,是一种具有长纤维而构成的长纤维无纺布,是一种形成有具有极端落差的不规则的凹凸状皱折的长纤维无纺布。通过按照实质上维持无纺布厚度且在厚度方向上立体性地以凸顶变高的方式来加工平面状的长纤维无纺布,从而,能够得到形成了具有极端落差的不规则的凹凸状皱折的长纤维无纺布。
基于该构成,能够提供一种形成了具有极端落差(凸顶高度)的不规则的凹凸状皱折(或花纹)的长纤维无纺布。在该无纺布的厚度方向,以凸顶变高的方式形成不规则的皱折或重叠部分(皱皱褶褶的感觉)。该长纤维无纺布,因为在无纺布的原材料中使用长纤维,所以即使使用布料密度小(轻)的无纺布,在形成皱折后也具有充足的强度和轻量性。相对于此,用短纤维构成的无纺布,与用长纤维构成的无纺布相比,因为厚度以及布料密度要变大,所以轻量性差。再者,即使增加洗涤次数,也可长期间维持皱折形状。另外,如果将该长纤维无纺布用于服装或寝具等的内层布料,就成为具备空气层的单层以及多层构造,与现有的棉状纤维或由羽根、羽毛制成的中棉类型相比,轻量、干燥性优异,即使湿润后也能适当地维持保温性。而且,没有必要折叠得整整齐齐,能够随意地(无造形地)装入到收纳箱或收纳袋中,而且,在收纳时的结构紧凑性方面也很优异。
作为上述发明的一种实施方式,形成有上述皱折的长纤维无纺布的布料密度是,皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布的布料密度的3倍~60倍。从凸顶高度性能的理由考虑,优选5倍~60倍。
作为上述发明的一种实施方式,形成有上述皱折的长纤维无纺布的布料密度为15g/m2~300g/m2。再者,皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布的布料密度为5g/m2~60g/m2,优选5g/m2~20g/m2之下,更优选6g/m2~10g/m2。布料密度越小,加工后的形状维持性越差,另一方面,布料密度变得越大越有损于凸顶高度性能,因此,优选上述范围的布料密度。
作为上述发明的一种实施方式,形成有上述皱折的长纤维无纺布的凸顶高度(h:从放置于平面时的平面到最上部的高度)是皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布的厚度(t)的5倍以上,优选10倍以上,更优选50倍以上,更进一步优选100倍以上(参照图2)。
作为上述发明的一种实施方式,形成上述皱折前的长纤维无纺布的厚度为0.01mm~1.0mm。从凸顶高度性能的理由考虑,优选0.02mm~0.5mm,更优选0.02mm~0.3mm,更进一步优选0.02mm~0.2mm。
作为上述发明的一种实施方式,通过将没有形成上述皱折的长纤维无纺布装入(塞紧)到袋体中并供予湿热,从而在上述长纤维无纺布上形成上述皱折。优选,按照形成不规则皱折的方式,将没有形成皱折的长纤维无纺布随意(杂乱)地紧紧地塞入到袋体中。这是因为折叠得整整齐齐并装入到袋体中时难以形成不规则的皱折。
作为上述发明的一种实施方式,没有形成上述皱折的长纤维无纺布,用湿式法(例如水刺方式)、干式法(例如丝束散开法(tow spreading)、破裂纤维法(burst fiber))、纺粘法(例如化学粘合方式、热粘合方式、针刺方式)、熔喷法或垂直层积结合的方法制造。从皱折的形成、维持的理由考虑,优选纺粘法、熔喷法或者垂直层积结合的制造方法。如图4、5所示,用垂直层积结合制造的垂直层积无纺布是排列好的纵丝41和排列好的横丝42重叠而成的层积构造。如图5的剖面图所示,没有重叠、厚度能够变薄且表面平滑。因此,垂直层积无纺布与用纺粘法制造的无纺布相比,能够减薄,具有尺寸稳定性,拉伸强度也高。例如,布料密度为5g/m2~60g/m2,厚度为50μm~130μm。拉伸强度是,纵向为25~300[N/50mm],横向为10~90[N/50mm]。再者,作为垂直层积结合的制造方法,举出日本特开2003-213560公开的制造方法作为一实例。
作为上述发明的一种实施方式,上述长纤维是纤维粗度(直径)优选1μm~100μm,更优选5μm~50μm,更进一步优选5μm~10μm。
作为上述发明的一种实施方式,上述长纤维是聚酯、尼龙、聚丙烯、维尼纶、芳香族聚酰胺、丙烯酸、人造丝(rayon)、聚乙烯、聚氨酯以及真丝中的一种长纤维或者两种以上的长纤维。从皱折形状的形成、维持的理由考虑,优选聚酯。
再者,其它发明的层积布料具有上述长纤维无纺布(内层)和在上述长纤维无纺布的一面上层积的第一布料(第一外层),在上述长纤维无纺布(内层)和上述第一布料(第一外层)之间形成第一空间部。该层积布料是两层构造。通过该第一空间部,提高隔热性、保温性。
作为上述发明的一种实施方式,还具有在与上述长纤维无纺布(内层)的一面不同的另一面上层积的第二布料(第二外层),在上述长纤维无纺布(内层)和上述第二布料(第二外层)之间还形成第二空间部。该层积布料是三层构造。通过该第二空间部,更进一步提高隔热性、保温性。
作为上述发明的一种实施方式,层积两块以上的上述长纤维无纺布(内层),在上述长纤维无纺布彼此之间形成第三空间部。因为内层由两块长纤维无纺布构成,还因为在内层彼此之间也能够形成空间部,所以更进一步提高保温效果。
再者,其它发明的服装或者寝具,具有上述层积布料而构成。服装没有特别限制,例如可列举出马甲类型、短袖类型、长袖类型、半截裤类型、长裤类型、衣裤相连的服装类型(coverall type:连衣裤)、帽子、手套、袜子、罗宋帽(balaclava)、披肩(shawl)、腰卷、围巾等。再者,寝具也没有特别限制,例如可列举出睡袋、棉被、褥子、枕头、靠垫、毯子等。再者,其它发明的窗帘或者铺垫物,其构成在于具有上述层积布料。铺垫物没有特别限制,例如可列举出地毯、绒毯等。
在上述发明中,上述长纤维或者上述加工前的长纤维无纺布也能够适宜实施各种加工处理(例如透湿防水加工、拨水(water repellent)加工、抗冲击加工、抗菌防臭加工、吸水加工、阻燃加工等)。
在上述发明中,第一、二布料(将形成有皱折的长纤维无纺布作为内层时,第一、二布料构成外层),对丝材料、缝制方法没有特别限制,再者,也能够适宜实施各种加工处理(例如透湿防水加工、拨水加工、抗冲击加工、抗菌防臭加工、吸水加工、阻燃加工等)。第一、二布料(第一、二外层),既可以是相同布料也可以是不同的布料。第一、二布料例如是编织结构、织造结构、无纺布、薄膜。第一、二布料既可以是一层构造也可以是多层构造,但是,从轻量性的观点考虑,更优选单层的一方。第一、二布料例如既可以是聚酯、尼龙等的合成纤维也可以是天然纤维。第一、二布料既可以用一种纤维构成也可以用多种纤维组合构成。再者,也可以对第一、二布料的原丝(纤维)自身实施上述各种加工处理。
再者,内层(形成有褶皱的长纤维无纺布)的布料被配置于第一外层和第二外层(第一布料和第二布料)之间,但没有必要必须配置于第一布料和第二布料之间,根据服装(服装的形状、服装的部位形状、部位的必要性、目的)、寝具(寝具的形状、寝具的部位形状、部位的必要性、目的),可省略内层,有时只要第一外层和第二外层或者在第一外层和第二外层之间存在其它的布料(或者部件)。例如,为了适应性或者紧固性,也可以设计有橡胶素材或者自由开关的连接件。作为连接件,例如举出通常的扣子、点状紧固物(例如摁扣)、线状紧固物(例如拉链、拉锁)或者面状紧固物(例如尼龙带扣(magic tape):注册商标)),它们可以单独使用,或者也能够适当组合使用两种以上。再者,也可以在服装上设计兜子。
再者,在上述发明中,以层积两层以上形成有上述皱折的长纤维无纺布的状态,作为内层使用时,能够以凸顶高度小的和凸顶高度大的无纺布组合在一起的方式,以在不同凸顶高度的长纤维无纺布彼此之间形成空间部的状态加以层积。
再者,在上述发明中,根据服装的部位,可以使用不同的立体形状面(或者形成有不同的凸顶高度的皱折)的长纤维无纺布。皱折的形状例如举出波状、凹凸状、花纹状等。
再者,作为上述发明的一种实施方式,被层积的布料彼此之间(形成有上述皱折的长纤维无纺布、第一、二布料),除端头部分之外,既可以不缝住(不缝接),也可以缝住(缝接)一部分。再者,既可以使平面状布料全部或部分地介在于布料彼此之间,也可以将该平面状布料部分地缝接在上述布料上。
在上述发明中,在服装的端部,优选将上述内层(皱折形成后的长纤维无纺布)的布料的端部与上述第一外层以及/或者上述第二外层缝合在一起。在宽范围内形成空间部以确保保温性,同时,能够提高折叠时的结构紧凑性。因为几乎没有必要绗缝(quilting)或部分缝住(内层布料和外层布料的缝制),所以能够抑制服装穿着时硬邦邦的感觉,使穿衣触感适宜。再者,也得到了降低服装、寝具等制品在缝制加工时的工时的效果。服装的端部,如果是马甲,例如是领子周围、肩(上臂)周围、腰腹部周围、紧固物部分等。
附图说明
图1是表示长纤维无纺布的一实例的图。
图2是表示图1的长纤维无纺布的A-A剖面的图。
图3是表示层积布料的构造的一实例的图。
图4是说明关于垂直层积无纺布的构造的立体图。
图5是关于垂直层积无纺布的构造的剖面图。
符号说明:
1形成有褶皱的长纤维无纺布;10层积布料。
具体实施方式
<长纤维无纺布的实施方式>
图1表示本实施方式的长纤维无纺布1。长纤维无纺布1形成有具有极端落差的不规则凹凸状皱折。图2是图1的长纤维无纺布1的A-A剖面。图2中,皱折形成后的长纤维无纺布1的凸顶高度(h:从放置于平面时的平面到最上部的高度)是,皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布的厚度(t)的200倍。皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布1的厚度(t)为0.05mm,凸顶高度(h)为10mm(200倍)。厚度(t)可以为多个地方的平均值。
再者,皱折形成后的长纤维无纺布1的布料密度为皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布布料密度的3.75倍。皱折形成后的长纤维无纺布1的布料密度为30g/m2,皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布布料密度为8g/m2。
形成不规则皱折的方法如以下所述。将没有形成皱折的长纤维无纺布装入塞紧到袋体中,供予湿热(60℃以上的热水、水蒸气等),在长纤维无纺布上形成皱折。优选,按照形成不规则皱折的方式,将没有形成皱折的长纤维无纺布随意地紧紧地塞入到袋体中。供予湿热的时间优选例如10分钟以上。在供予湿热后,从袋体中取出长纤维无纺布,用40℃的热风使之干燥。
皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布用垂直层积结合法制造。作为材料的长纤维(filament)是粗度为10μm的聚酯树脂。长纤维(filament)是指平均长度超过100mm的纤维,与短纤维(filament)不同。
<长纤维无纺布的其它实施方式>
在上述实施方式中,皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布并不限定于用垂直层积结合法制造,也可以用其它的上述例示的制造方法。再者,成为材料的长纤维并不限定于粗度为10μm的聚酯,既可以是其它的上述例示的粗度为0.1μm~100μm的材料,也可以是除聚酯以外的其它上述例示的材料。
再者,皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布1的厚度(t)和凸顶高度(h)并不限定于上述情况,t可以为0.05mm~2.0mm的范围,h可以为t的5倍以上,优选10倍以上,更优选50倍以上。再者,皱折形成后的长纤维无纺布1的布料密度,可以是皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布的布料密度的3倍~60倍。
皱折的形成方法,并不限制于将长纤维无纺布装入塞紧到袋体中并供予湿热(例如60℃以上的热水、水蒸气等),也可以与湿热一起施加大气压以上的压力。供予湿热的时间并不限定于10分钟,例示10分钟~24小时。并不限制于用40℃的热风对在供予湿热后从袋体中取出的长纤维无纺布加以干燥,可以在30℃~150℃范围的温度或者18℃~28℃范围的室温下使其自然干燥。或者,可以使用如下所述的方法:将长纤维无纺布,以比轧辊的转动速度更快的速度,以与轧辊接触的方式送至供予了90℃以上热的轧辊,或其它方法等来形成皱折。
<具有已形成皱折的长纤维无纺布的层积布料>
图3表示本实施方式的层积布料10。层积布料10是将形成有皱折的长纤维无纺布构成的第一内层102以及第二内层103进行层积,在它们之间形成第三空间部(空气层)112。然后,在第一内层102的上面一侧(参照图3)层积第一外层101,在第一内层102和第一外层101之间形成第一空间部(空气层)111。在第二内层103的下面一侧(参照图3)层积第二外层104,在第二内层103和第二外层104之间形成第二空间部(空气层)113。
<层积布料的其它实施方式>
上述层积布料10,具有两层的内层,然而,一层的内层也可以,三层以上也可以。再者,层积布料既可以是由一层以上的内层和第一外层构成,或者也可以是由一层以上的内层和第二外层构成。内层为多层的情况下,可以用由不同材料的长纤维形成的不同长纤维无纺布构成。
<用具有已形成皱折的长纤维无纺布的层积布料制成的服装、寝具、窗帘、铺垫物等>
本实施方式的服装或者寝具,其构成在于,具有上述层积布料10。服装没有特别限制,例如可列举出马甲类型、短袖类型、长袖类型、半截裤类型、长裤类型、衣裤相连的服装类型、帽子、手套、袜子、罗宋帽(balaclava)、披肩、腰卷、围巾等。再者,寝具没有特别限制,例如可列举出睡袋、棉被、褥子、枕头、毯子等。
再者,窗帘、地毯、绒毯、壁纸等的在房屋中使用的布料材料,可以用上述长纤维无纺布的单层或者多层构成,再者,也可以用具有上述长纤维无纺布的层积布料构成。再者,本发明的长纤维无纺布或者具有该长纤维无纺布的层积布料并不限定于上述用途,也能够应用于其它用途。
Claims (21)
1.一种具有平均纤维长度超过100mm的长纤维而构成的长纤维无纺布,其特征在于,形成有不规则的凹凸状的皱折,形成有所述皱折的长纤维无纺布的凸顶高度(从放置于平面时的平面到最上部的高度(h))是皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布的厚度(t)的10倍以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维无纺布,其特征在于,
形成有所述皱折的长纤维无纺布的布料密度是皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布的布料密度的3倍~60倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维无纺布,其特征在于,
形成有所述皱折的长纤维无纺布的布料密度为15g/m2~300g/m2,皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布的布料密度为5g/m2~60g/m2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维无纺布,其特征在于,
所述皱折形成前的长纤维无纺布的厚度为0.01mm~1.0mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维无纺布,其特征在于,
将没有形成所述皱折的长纤维无纺布塞满装入到袋体中,并供予热水或水蒸气,在所述长纤维无纺布上形成所述皱折。
6.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维无纺布,其特征在于,
没有形成所述皱折的长纤维无纺布,用湿式法、干式法、纺粘法、熔喷法或垂直层积结合法制造。
7.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维无纺布,其特征在于,
所述长纤维的粗度为1μm~100μm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的长纤维无纺布,其特征在于,
所述长纤维是聚酯、尼龙、聚丙烯、维尼纶、芳香族聚酰胺、丙烯酸、人造丝、聚乙烯、聚氨酯以及真丝中的一种长纤维或者两种以上的长纤维。
9.一种层积布料,其特征在于,具有所述权利要求1记载的长纤维无纺布和在所述长纤维无纺布的一面上层积的第一布料,在所述长纤维无纺布和所述第一布料之间形成第一空间部。
10.根据权利要求9所述的层积布料,其特征在于,
还具有在与所述长纤维无纺布的一面不同的另一面上层积的第二布料,还在所述长纤维无纺布和所述第二布料之间形成第二空间部。
11.根据权利要求9所述的层积布料,其特征在于,
层积两块以上所述长纤维无纺布,在所述长纤维无纺布彼此之间形成第三空间部。
12.根据权利要求10所述的层积布料,其特征在于,
层积两块以上所述长纤维无纺布,在所述长纤维无纺布彼此之间形成第三空间部。
13.一种服装,其特征在于,具有所述权利要求9~12中任一项所述的层积布料而构成。
14.一种寝具,其特征在于,具有所述权利要求9~12中任一项所述的层积布料而构成。
15.一种窗帘,其特征在于,具有所述权利要求9~12中任一项所述的层积布料而构成。
16.一种铺垫物,其特征在于,具有所述权利要求9~12中任一项所述的层积布料。
17.一种制造具有不规则的凹凸状的皱折的长纤维无纺布的方法,其特征在于,包括:
将纤维长度平均超过100mm的长纤维构成的长纤维无纺布塞满装入到袋体中,并供予热水或水蒸气的步骤;和,
对从所述袋体取出的所述长纤维无纺布进行干燥的步骤,
干燥后的形成有所述不规则的凹凸状的皱折的长纤维无纺布的凸顶高度(从放置于平面时的平面到最上部的高度(h))是长纤维无纺布的厚度(t)的5倍以上。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括通过湿式法、干式法、纺粘法、熔喷法或垂直层积结合制造长纤维无纺布的步骤。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述长纤维无纺布的厚度为0.01mm~1.0mm。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述长纤维的粗度为1μm~10μm。
21.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述长纤维是聚酯、尼龙、聚丙烯、维尼纶、芳香族聚酰胺、丙烯酸、人造丝、聚乙烯、聚氨酯以及真丝中的一种长纤维或者两种以上的长纤维。
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