CN106153810A - 一种人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106153810A CN106153810A CN201610599032.7A CN201610599032A CN106153810A CN 106153810 A CN106153810 A CN 106153810A CN 201610599032 A CN201610599032 A CN 201610599032A CN 106153810 A CN106153810 A CN 106153810A
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- radix ginseng
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- total saponins
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Classifications
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- G01N30/90—Plate chromatography, e.g. thin layer or paper chromatography
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Abstract
本发明提供一种人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:提取、精制纯化、浓缩干燥、含量测定。本发明还公开了人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物应用于人参茎叶制剂中总皂苷的鉴别及含量测定。本发明的人参茎叶总皂苷提取物提取充分,有效成分含量高,农残等有害物质含量少,作为原料的人参制剂的临床疗效更佳,可用作人参茎叶制剂中总皂苷的鉴别及含量测定,其产业化对于合理利用中药资源、提高中药产业整体技术、推进中药产业集约化具有重要的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制剂领域,具体涉及一种人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
人参茎叶为五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.的干燥叶,味甘、微苦,微温。归脾、肺、心、肾经。大补元气,复脉固脱,补脾益肺,生津养血,安神益智。用于体虚欲脱,肢冷脉微,脾虚食少,肺虚喘咳,津伤口渴,内热消渴,气血亏虚,久病虚羸,惊悸失眠,阳痿宫冷。早在1854年便有人对人参属植物的化学成分开始研究,在这一百多年中,亚洲的包括中国、日本、韩国,欧洲的,美国等国家学者对人参的化学成分进行了一系列的研究,发现其中主要含有皂苷类,黄酮类,生物碱,甾醇类,木脂素,人参挥发油,氨基酸,多肽,人参多糖等多种类型化合物。发现人参茎叶中含有皂苷类成分与人参根中成分极为相似,且人参根中总皂苷的含量明显低于人参茎叶。人参茎叶中皂苷类成分有多种功效,能滋补、调节机能、提高机体免疫力和抗炎。根据现代药理学研究,人参具有良好的免疫增强作用,在网状内皮系统(RES)、特异性抗体形成、淋巴细胞和胸腺细胞增殖等多方面均有所体现,其中,人参皂苷可广泛用于心血管系统、神经系统、免疫系统和内分泌系统等的防护和治疗,在中医药临床治疗中占有相当重要的位置,其有效成分皂苷类化合物被广泛应用于临床。我国的中药应用方式随着社会的进步而不断地发展,现代中药是以中医药理论为基础,发挥中医药的优势和特色,利用现代科学技术生产的“安全、高效、稳定、可控”的中药,包括中药材、中药饮片、中药提取物和中成药,中药提取物已成为中药家族新成员。由于人参茎叶药材所含成分复杂,多种成分兼具临床效果,人参茎叶药材和饮片多 成分鉴定存在的各成分化学对照品紧缺和价格昂贵,具有更高的应用价值。
对照提取物可用于薄层色谱和高效液相色谱鉴别,相比对照药材和化学对照品共同建立的鉴别标准,在提高对中药材检验的规范化、专属性、重现性情况下,节约了检测成本,对照提取物不失为中药材标准的有益补充。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备方法及应用,用于鉴别多种皂苷成分,从而克服各成分化学对照品紧缺和价格昂贵的缺点与不足。
为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)提取:将人参茎叶原料切成小段,加水浸泡0.5h,加水煎煮3次,每次加入16倍量水,每次煎煮1h,合并三次煎煮液,静置,过滤,得滤液Ⅰ;
2)精制纯化:将滤液过苯乙烯骨架D101大孔吸附树脂柱,水洗至无色,再用60%乙醇洗脱,当洗脱液中出现颜色或乙醇流出时开始收集,向其中加入人参茎叶原料重量20%的氧化镁,搅拌,加热至沸腾,冷却,静置12-18h,离心过滤,再经0.2μm膜板框过滤,得滤液Ⅱ;
4)浓缩干燥:将滤液Ⅱ浓缩至相对密度为1.06-1.08(80℃)的稠膏,真空干燥,粉碎,过100目筛,得人参茎叶对照提取物;
5)含量测定:对人参茎叶对照提取物中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb2、Rd的含量进行测定,根据十批样品测定结果,人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb2、Rd的平均含量百分比分别为9.46%、35.15%、2.39%、5.50%,四种单体皂苷总量在人参茎叶对照提取物中占52.50%。
优选地,所述步骤1)中切成2cm的小段。
优选地,所述步骤2)中乙醇洗脱流速为1.5-2.0柱体积倍数/h。
优选地,所述步骤3)中真空干燥的条件为:真空度为0.02-0.08Mpa,温度为90-115℃。
人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的应用于人参茎叶制剂中总皂苷的鉴别及含量测定。
与现有技术相比,本发明涉及的人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备方法及应用具有如下有益的技术效果:
1)本发明的人参茎叶总皂苷提取物,有效成分可用作人参茎叶制剂中总皂苷的鉴别及含量测定;
2)本发明的人参茎叶总皂苷提取充分,有效成分含量高,因此应用本发明的对照提取物作为原料的人参制剂的临床疗效更佳;
3)人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的精致提取,减少农残等有害物质进入制剂;
4)人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物保证了市售人参制剂安全性、有效性、稳定剂、均一性,为具有良好的临床疗效奠定基础,其产业化对于合理利用中药资源、提高中药产业整体技术、推进中药产业集约化具有重要的意义。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物HPLC图;
图2为人参叶药材HPLC图;
图3为消糜栓HPLC图;
图4为益心宁神片HPLC图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
一种人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)提取:将人参茎叶原料切成2cm左右的小段,加水浸泡0.5h,加水煎煮3次,每次加入16倍量水,每次煎煮1h,合并三次煎煮液,静置,过滤,得滤液Ⅰ;
2)精制纯化:将滤液过苯乙烯骨架D101大孔吸附树脂柱,水洗至无色,再用60%乙醇洗脱,乙醇洗脱流速为1.5-2.0柱体积倍数/h,当洗脱液中出现颜色或乙醇流出时开始收集,向其中加入人参茎叶原料重量20%的氧化镁,搅拌,加热至沸腾,冷却,静置12-18h,离心过滤,再经0.2μm膜板框过滤,得滤液Ⅱ;
4)浓缩干燥:将滤液Ⅱ浓缩至相对密度为1.06-1.08(80℃)的稠膏,在真空度为0.02-0.08Mpa、温度为90-115℃条件下真空干燥,粉碎,过100目筛,得人参茎叶对照提取物;
5)含量测定:
①溶液的制备:
混合对照品溶液的制备:精密称取人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb2、Rd适量,置于容量瓶中,用甲醇溶解,制得混合对照品溶液,浓度为人参皂苷Rg10.1892mg·mL-1、Re 0.7009mg·mL-1、Rb20.04779mg·mL-1、Rd 0.1099mg·mL-1;
对照提取物供试品溶液的制备:精密称取自制人参茎叶对照提取物10mg,置于5mL容量瓶中,用甲醇定容,摇匀,滤过,取过滤液;
②含量检测:
精密吸取对照品溶液及十批对照提取供试品溶液各10L,平行测定3次,均采用Agilent 1260高效液相色谱系统,Thermo BDS-C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸(B)流动相,梯度洗脱,梯度洗脱程序见表1,流速1.3ml·min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长203nm;进样量10μL,按上述色谱条件,各成分分离度良好,梯度洗脱系统条件见表1。
表1二元梯度洗脱系统
时间(min) | 乙腈(%) | 0.1%磷酸(%) |
0~30 | 19 | 81 |
30~35 | 19→24 | 81→76 |
35~60 | 24→40 | 76→60 |
60~65 | 40→19 | 60→81 |
65~75 | 19 | 81 |
经标定,人参茎叶对照提取物中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb2、Rd的平均含量百分比分别为9.46%、35.15%、2.39%、5.50%,乘以系数0.8,人参茎叶对照提取物中的四种皂苷的含量标准分别为7.56%、28.12%、2.98%、4.40%;4种人参皂苷占总提取物的最低百分比分别为9.313%、34.746%、2.349%、5.385%,故4种人参皂苷含量限度分别不得低于7.45%、27.80%、1.88%、4.31%。
人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的评价方法,包括以下几个方面:
1)起泡性能:取制备的人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物0.1g于试管中,加水至2mL,用力振荡,产生持久性泡沫;
2)薄层色谱测定:
①取制备的人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物,用甲醇配制成浓度为10mg/mL浓度的供试品溶液;另取人参茎叶对照药材1g,加100ml水煎煮2小时,滤过,上清液通过D101型大孔树脂柱(内径1cm,柱高15cm),用水洗至无色,继以60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液蒸干,残渣加甲醇10ml使溶解,作为对照药材溶液;另取人参皂苷Rg1与人参皂苷Re对照品,加甲醇溶解配制成Rg1、Re含量都为2mg/mL的混合溶液, 作为对照品溶液。
②采用薄层色谱法检测,吸取上述三种溶液各2μL,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上,以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(15:40:22:10)10℃以下放置的下层溶液为展开剂,展开后,晾干,喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液,在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰,分别置日光及紫外光灯(365nm)下检视。供试品色谱中,在与对照药材和对照品色谱相应的位置上,分别显相同的斑点或荧光斑点;
3)特征图谱测定:
①色谱条件与系统适应性试验:以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(色谱柱:Hypersil C184.6mm×250mm 5μ碳载量11%);以乙腈为流动相A,以0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相B,按下表进行洗脱,流速为1.3ml/min;柱温为30℃;检测波长为203nm,理论板数按人参皂苷Re峰计算应不低于6000,按人参皂苷Rd峰计算应不低于200000;
表2二元梯度洗脱系统
②取制备的人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物,用甲醇配制成浓度为2mg/mL浓度的供试品溶液,用0.45μm滤膜过滤;另取人参皂苷Re与人参皂苷Rd对照品,加甲醇溶解配制成Re、Rd含量都为0.5mg/mL的混合溶液,作为对照品溶液;
③高效液相色谱法检测,精密吸取供试品溶液及参照物溶液各10μl,注入高效液相色谱仪,记录60分钟内各峰的保留时间和积分面积,应有6个特征峰(参照对照特征图谱);其中1号峰(人参皂苷Rg1)和2号峰(人参皂苷Re)为A组,以相当于人参皂苷Re位置的色谱 峰作为参照峰(S1),计算各特征峰峰面积比值和保留时间比值。3号峰(人参皂苷Rc),4号峰(人参皂苷Rb2),5号峰(未知),6号峰(人参皂苷Rd)为B组,以相当于人参皂苷Rd位置的色谱峰作为参照峰(S2),计算各特征峰峰面积比值和保留时间比值,技术参数见表3:
表3人参茎叶总皂苷特征峰相对保留时间及相对峰面积
4)含量测定:
人参茎叶总皂苷含量测定:
取人参皂苷Re对照品,加甲醇溶解配制成1mg/mL的溶液,作为对照品溶液,采用紫外-可见光光度法在540nm波长出测定吸光度,绘制标准曲线;另取制备的人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物,用甲醇配制成浓度为2mg/mL浓度的供试品溶液,测定吸光度,检测供试品溶液的含量
①溶液的制备
对照品溶液的制备:精密称取人参皂苷Re对照品5mg,置5ml量瓶中,加甲醇适量使溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得。
供试品溶液的制备:精密称取本品约50mg,置25ml量瓶中,加甲醇适量使溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得。
标准曲线的制备:精密吸取对照品溶液20、40、80、120、160、200μl,分别置于具塞试管中,低温挥去溶剂,加入1%香草醛高氯酸试液0.5ml,置60℃恒温水浴上充分混匀后加热15分钟,立即用冰水冷却2分钟,加入77%硫酸溶液5ml,摇匀,以相应试剂作空白,照紫外-可见分光光度法,在540nm波长处测定吸光度,以吸光度为纵 坐标,以浓度为横坐标,绘制标准曲线。
②测定方法
精密吸取供试品溶液50μl,照标准曲线的制备项下的方法,自“置于具塞试管中”起操作,依法测定吸光度,从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液的含量,计算结果乘以0.84即得。
本品按干燥品计,含人参总皂苷以人参皂苷Re(C48H82O18)计,应为75%~95%。
人参茎叶总皂苷成分含量测定:
①色谱条件与系统适应性试验:以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以乙腈为流动相A,以0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相B,按下表进行洗脱,检测波长为203nm,理论板数按人参皂苷Re峰计算应不低于3000;
表4二元梯度洗脱系统
时间(分钟) | 流动相A(%) | 流动相B(%) |
0~30 | 19 | 81 |
30~35 | 19→24 | 81→76 |
35~60 | 24→40 | 76→60 |
②溶液制备
对照品溶液的制备:精密称取人参皂苷Rg1与人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rd对照品适量,加甲醇溶解并定量稀释制成1ml中含人参皂苷Rg10.30mg,人参皂苷Re0.50mg和人参皂苷Rd 0.20mg的混合溶液。
供试品溶液的制备:精密称取本品约20mg,置10ml量瓶中,加甲醇超声(功率250W,频率50kHz)溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得。
测定法:分别精密吸取上述对照品溶液20μl与供试品溶液5~20μl,注入液相色谱仪,测定,即得。
本品按干燥品计,含人参皂苷Rg1(C42H72O14),人参皂苷Re(C48H82O18),人参皂苷Rd(C48H82O18)的总量应为30%~45%。
5)物性检查:检测粒度、干燥失重、总灰分、炽灼残渣、重金属 及有害元素含量性能参数。其中,粒度能通过120目筛的粉末不少于95%;干燥失重,在105℃干燥至恒重,减失重量不得过5.0%;总灰分不得过1.5%;炽灼残渣,遗留残渣不得过1.5%;重金属及有害元素,镉不得过千万分之二;砷、汞、铜不得检出;有机氯农药残留量,六六六(总BHC)不得过千万分之一;滴滴涕(总DDT)不得过千万分之零点一;五氯硝基苯(PCNB)不得过千万分之一。
人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的应用
1)对照品溶液的制备
人参茎叶对照提取物溶液的制备精密称取自制人参茎叶对照提取物10mg,置于5mL容量瓶中,用甲醇定容,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
2)人参叶药材溶液的制备
取人参叶药材粉末约0.2g,精密称定,置索氏提取器中,加三氯甲烷30mL,加热回流1小时,弃去三氯甲烷液,药渣挥去三氯甲烷,加甲醇30mL,加热回流3小时,提取液低温蒸干,加水10mL使溶解,加石油醚(30~60℃)提取2次,每次10mL,弃去醚液,水液通过D101型大孔吸附树脂柱(内径为1.5cm,柱长为15cm),以水50mL洗脱,弃去水液。再用20%乙醇50mL洗脱,弃去20%乙醇洗脱液,继用80%乙醇80mL洗脱,收集洗脱液70mL,蒸干,残渣加甲醇溶解,转移至10mL量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
3)消糜栓溶液的制备
取消糜栓10枚,剪碎,取约6g,精密称定,置具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入水饱和的正丁醇100mL,称重,加入回流1小时,放冷,再称重,用水饱和的正丁醇补足失重,摇匀,滤过,精密量取续滤液50mL,置分液漏斗中,用正丁醇饱和的氨试液洗涤2次,每次50mL,再用正丁醇饱和的水50mL洗涤,分取正丁醇液,蒸干,残渣加甲醇适量使溶解,转移至10mL量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,通过D101型大孔 吸附树脂柱(内径为1.5cm,柱长为15cm),60%乙醇80mL洗脱,收集洗脱液70mL,蒸干,残渣加甲醇溶解,转移至10mL量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
4)益心宁神片溶液的制备
取益心宁神片20片,去薄膜衣,精密称定,研细,取约3g,精密称定,置具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入甲醇50mL,密塞,称重,超声处理(功率250W,频率33kHz)30分钟,放冷,再称重,用甲醇补足失重,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液10mL通过D101型大孔吸附树脂柱(内径为1.5cm,柱长为15cm),60%乙醇80mL洗脱,收集洗脱液70mL,蒸干,残渣加甲醇溶解,转移至10mL量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
5)色谱条件与系统适用性试验
上述对照提取物溶液及各供试品均采用Agilent1260高效液相色谱系统,ThermoHypersil BDS-C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸(B)流动相,梯度洗脱,梯度洗脱程序见表2-16,流速1.3mL·min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长203nm;进样量10μL,按上述色谱条件,人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb2、Rd分离度(R)良好、理论塔板数(n)高,结果见表5-6,图1-4。
表5二元梯度洗脱系统
时间(min) | 乙腈(%) | 0.1%磷酸(%) |
0~30 | 19 | 81 |
30~35 | 19→24 | 81→76 |
35~60 | 24→40 | 76→60 |
60~65 | 40→19 | 60→81 |
65~75 | 19 | 81 |
表6人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb2、Rd分离度(R)和理论塔板数(n)
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)提取:将人参茎叶原料切成小段,加水浸泡0.5h,加水煎煮3次,每次加入16倍量水,每次煎煮1h,合并三次煎煮液,静置,过滤,得滤液Ⅰ;
2)精制纯化:将滤液过苯乙烯骨架D101大孔吸附树脂柱,水洗至无色,再用60%乙醇洗脱,当洗脱液中出现颜色或乙醇流出时开始收集,向其中加入人参茎叶原料重量20%的氧化镁,搅拌,加热至沸腾,冷却,静置12-18h,离心过滤,再经0.2μm膜板框过滤,得滤液Ⅱ;
3)浓缩干燥:将滤液Ⅱ浓缩至相对密度为1.06-1.08(80℃)的稠膏,真空干燥,粉碎,过100目筛,得人参茎叶对照提取物;
4)含量测定:对人参茎叶对照提取物中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb2、Rd的含量进行测定,根据十批样品测定结果,人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb2、Rd的平均含量百分比分别为9.46%、35.15%、2.39%、5.50%,四种单体皂苷总量在人参茎叶对照提取物中占52.50%。
2.如权利要求1所述的人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中切成2cm的小段。
3.如权利要求1所述的人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中乙醇洗脱流速为1.5-2.0柱体积倍数/h。
4.如权利要求1所述的人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物的制备,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中真空干燥的条件为:真空度为0.02-0.08Mpa,温度为90-115℃。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一所述的人参茎叶总皂苷对照提取物应用于人参茎叶制剂中总皂苷的鉴别及含量测定。
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