CN105849152B - 聚酯树脂 - Google Patents
聚酯树脂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105849152B CN105849152B CN201480069403.XA CN201480069403A CN105849152B CN 105849152 B CN105849152 B CN 105849152B CN 201480069403 A CN201480069403 A CN 201480069403A CN 105849152 B CN105849152 B CN 105849152B
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- Prior art keywords
- polyester resin
- acid
- reduced viscosity
- polyester
- less
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- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- DNXDYHALMANNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=1C=COC=1C(O)=O DNXDYHALMANNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 10
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyalumanyl acetate Chemical compound [Al+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
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- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
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- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CHTHALBTIRVDBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)O1 CHTHALBTIRVDBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KILURZWTCGSYRE-LNTINUHCSA-K (z)-4-bis[[(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-yl]oxy]alumanyloxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C(\C)O[Al](O\C(C)=C/C(C)=O)O\C(C)=C/C(C)=O KILURZWTCGSYRE-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAZZVPKITDJCPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O PAZZVPKITDJCPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWLXTFFHCFWCGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heneicosanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O PWLXTFFHCFWCGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940119177 germanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BVDAXFBFXWOHHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BVDAXFBFXWOHHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明为一种聚酯树脂,其长期热稳定性和成型性优异,由二羧酸成分和二元醇成分形成,含有10摩尔%以上呋喃二甲酸作为二羧酸成分,且该聚酯树脂满足下述特征(1)~(3)。(1)总金属元素含量相对于聚酯树脂的质量为150ppm以下(2)磷元素含量相对于聚酯树脂的质量为100ppm以下(3)下述式所示的TODΔ比浓粘度为0.030dl/g以下(TODΔ比浓粘度)=(热氧化试验前的比浓粘度)‑(热氧化试验后的比浓粘度)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及长期耐热性和成型性优异的聚酯树脂及使用其而得到的薄膜、片材、注射成型体。详细而言,涉及适合于太阳能电池背面密封片材等室外用途的耐热性、耐候性优异的聚酯树脂及使用其而得到的薄膜、片材、注射成型体。
背景技术
一般来说,聚酯树脂的性能随着聚酯树脂的分解劣化而逐渐降低。特别是,太阳能电池构件、电绝缘构件等长时间处在高温高湿下,因此对于所使用的聚酯树脂及使用其而得到的薄膜、片材、注射成型体来说,如何抑制分解劣化是重要的课题。
对于高温高湿下的聚酯树脂的分解劣化,可以分为由热引起的分解和水解来考虑。
首先,可认为由热引起的聚酯树脂的分解是通过如下反应而进行的。首先通过热裂解酯键而聚合物链被切断,从而生成羧基末端基团和乙烯基酯末端。接着,进一步反应而从乙烯基酯末端脱离乙醛。
此外,可认为由水、水蒸气引起的水解是通过如下反应而进行的。首先,通过水分子对酯键进行亲核进攻而引起由酯键的水解反应导致的聚合物链分裂,形成羧基末端和羟基末端,接着,所生成的末端羟基引起回咬(back-biting),进而持续聚合物链的分解。在该反应中,末端羧基担负聚合物的水解反应的催化作用,伴随末端羧基量的增加而加速水解。
为了抑制上述由热、水、水蒸气引起的分解,提出了大量末端羧基量少的聚酯树脂(例如,参见专利文献1、2)。根据上述方法,虽然末端羧基量确实减少了,但仅仅如此长期的分解抑制是不充分的。作为该理由之一,可举出:由聚酯树脂的熔点的高度而导致成型温度变高。即,即使通过封端聚酯树脂的末端来降低水解速度,也会通过因成型时的热导致分子链切断而生成新的羧基,因此,结果无法完全抑制水解。
另一方面,为了解决上述分解劣化的问题,提出了通过组合使用钛化合物和磷化合物而使耐热性提高的发明(例如,参见专利文献3)。使用该方法时,虽然在聚合物的耐热性方面确实观察到一定的提高,但是由钛化合物的聚合活性的高度导致分解反应也被促进,因此其水平不能说是充分的。进而,以某种添加量以上加入磷化合物时,存在如下问题:钛化合物的聚合活性降低,无法达到目标的聚合度,聚合时间显著延长,生产率恶化,从而不会兼备优异的聚合活性和充分的耐热性。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平9-227767号公报
专利文献2:日本特开平8-73719号公报
专利文献3:日本特开平6-100680号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明是以上述现有技术的问题为背景而完成的。即,本发明的目的在于,能够在低温下成型,抑制由热分解导致的羧基的生成;进而,在保持高的聚合活性的同时,尽可能地降低作为催化剂的金属化合物的添加量,由此可以获得优异的长期耐热性。
用于解决问题的方案
本申请发明人为了解决上述课题,进行了深入研究,结果发现:通过感知聚酯的残留金属元素对热劣化、水解带来的影响,且将残留金属元素量设为极低浓度,可以发挥作为太阳能电池背面密封用等室外用途的优异的长期耐热性,从而完成了本申请发明。即,本发明的方案如下所述。
[1]一种聚酯树脂,其由二羧酸成分和二元醇成分形成,含有10摩尔%以上的呋喃二甲酸作为二羧酸成分,且满足下述特征(1)~(3)。
(1)总金属元素含量相对于聚酯树脂的质量为150ppm以下
(2)磷元素含量相对于聚酯树脂的质量为100ppm以下
(3)下述式所示的TODΔ比浓粘度为0.030dl/g以下
(TODΔ比浓粘度)=(热氧化试验前的比浓粘度)-(热氧化试验后的比浓粘度)
(此处,热氧化试验是指将施加了如下热历程的聚酯树脂试样在空气下以180℃的温度进行60分钟加热处理的试验:所述热历程为在空气下以聚酯树脂的熔点+30℃的温度进行2分钟熔融后,以相同温度在载荷(100kgf/cm2)下放置1分钟的热历程。)
[2]根据[1]所述的聚酯树脂,其中,聚酯聚合时的催化剂为铝化合物和磷化合物。
[3]根据[1]~[2]中任一项所述的聚酯树脂,其熔点为220℃以下。
[4]一种薄膜,其是使用[1]~[3]中任一项所述的聚酯树脂而得到的。
[5]一种片材,其是使用[1]~[3]中任一项所述的聚酯树脂而得到的。
[6]一种注射成型体,其是使用[1]~[3]中任一项所述的聚酯树脂而得到的。
发明的效果
本发明的聚酯树脂的长期热稳定性优异。因此,作为室外使用的太阳能电池用途等的构成构件是有用的。
具体实施方式
本发明的聚酯树脂是聚酯中包含催化剂(金属元素)的一种组合物,但由于催化剂微量,故以“树脂”的形式表示。本发明的聚酯树脂的特征在于,总金属元素含量相对于聚酯树脂的质量为150ppm以下。聚酯中含有大量金属时,会在高温下促进聚酯的热分解反应,从而可能成为引起聚酯的热劣化的主要因素。因此,本发明中,从保持聚酯树脂的长期热稳定性的观点出发,将金属元素的含量设在150ppm以下。进而,前述金属元素的含量优选为100ppm以下、更优选为80ppm以下、进一步优选为50ppm以下。从减少聚酯树脂的热劣化的观点出发,前述金属元素的含量少为宜,但在聚酯制造时为了促进聚合反应,理想的是,在前述浓度范围内添加过渡金属或典型金属元素作为催化剂。因此,前述金属元素的含量的下限优选为1ppm以上、更优选为5ppm以上、进一步优选为10ppm以上。从聚酯的生产率的观点出发,为了在上述含量的范围内的同时发挥充分的催化活性,理想的是,如后所述选定适当的催化剂物质。
本发明的聚酯树脂是指,主要由二羧酸成分和二元醇成分构成,根据需要使3官能以上的成分共聚而得到的物质。
本发明的聚酯树脂中共聚有呋喃二甲酸成分。呋喃二甲酸成分具有芳香环结构,且与作为聚酯树脂的原料而经常使用的对苯二甲酸相比较,具有通过共聚来降低树脂的熔点的效果。在将树脂成型时,需要将成型温度设定在树脂的熔点以上,由于通过呋喃二甲酸的共聚可以较低地设定成型温度,因此能够抑制由热分解导致的羧基的生成,且得到良好的长期热稳定性。对于呋喃二甲酸,若考虑反应性、聚合物链的立体结构等,则在其异构体中,特别优选2,5-呋喃二甲酸。
相对于总二羧酸成分,本发明的聚酯树脂中使用的呋喃二甲酸的共聚比率需要共聚10摩尔%以上、优选为15摩尔%以上、进一步优选为20摩尔%以上、特别优选为50摩尔%以上,即使是100摩尔%也可以。低于10摩尔%时,几乎没有降低熔点的效果,故不优选。
作为本发明的聚酯树脂中使用的除了呋喃二甲酸以外的二羧酸成分,没有特别限制,可举出:对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸、4,4’-二羧基联苯、间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠等芳香族二羧酸、1,4-环己烷二甲酸、1,3-环己烷二甲酸、1,2-环己烷二甲酸、2,5-降冰片烯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸等脂环族二羧酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一烷二酸、十二烷二酸、十八烷二酸、富马酸、马来酸、衣康酸、中康酸、柠康酸、二聚酸等脂肪族二羧酸等。其中,使用脂肪族二羧酸成分时,存在熔点进一步降低,耐热性显著降低的情况,因此优选使用芳香族二羧酸。其中,从通用性、耐热性的观点出发,更优选对苯二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸。其中,可以共聚一种或二种以上。
作为本发明的聚酯树脂中使用的二元醇成分,没有特别限制,可举出:乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-氨基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,10-癸二醇、二羟甲基三环癸烷、二乙二醇、三乙二醇等脂肪族二醇、双酚A、双酚S、双酚C、双酚Z、双酚AP、4,4′-联苯酚的环氧乙烷加成物或环氧丙烷加成物、1,2-环己烷二甲醇、1,3-环己烷二甲醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇等脂环族二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇等。其中,从通用性、耐热性的观点出发,优选乙二醇。
本发明的聚酯树脂中,为了提高机械强度等功能性,根据需要可以共聚3官能以上的羧酸、3官能以上的醇成分。作为3官能以上的单体的共聚比率,相对于总二羧酸成分100摩尔%或总二元醇成分100摩尔%为0.2~5摩尔%左右是适合的。3官能以上的单体的共聚比率过低时,未表现出共聚而得到的效果,在共聚比率过高的情况下,有时凝胶化会成为问题。3官能以上的羧酸中,可举出:偏苯三酸、均苯四酸、二苯甲酮四羧酸、偏苯三酸酐、均苯四酸酐、二苯甲酮四羧酸酐、均苯三甲酸等芳香族羧酸、1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸等脂肪族羧酸。3官能以上的醇成分中,可举出:丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、α-甲基葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨糖醇。
进而,本发明的聚酯树脂中,可以使用羟基羧酸、内酯类、单羧酸和一元醇作为共聚成分。作为这些共聚成分的共聚比率,相对于总二羧酸成分100摩尔%或总二元醇成分100摩尔%为5摩尔%以下左右是适合的。作为羟基羧酸的例子,可举出:对羟基苯甲酸、间羟基苯甲酸、邻羟基苯甲酸、乳酸、乙醇酸、2-羟基丁酸、3-羟基丁酸、4-羟基丁酸、2-羟基异丁酸、2-羟基-2-甲基丁酸、2-羟基戊酸、3-羟基戊酸、4-羟基戊酸、5-羟基戊酸、6-羟基己酸、10-羟基硬脂酸等。作为内酯类的例子,可举出:β-丙内酯、β-丁内酯、γ-丁内酯、δ-戊内酯、ε-己内酯等。此外,作为单羧酸的例子,可举出:月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、苯甲酸、对叔丁基苯甲酸、环己烷酸、4-羟基苯基硬脂酸等;作为一元醇,可举出:辛醇、癸醇、月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇、鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、2-苯氧基乙醇等。
聚酯树脂的聚合方法有:将二酯羧酸成分和二元醇成分作为起始物质的酯交换法;将二羧酸成分和二元醇成分作为起始物质的直接酯化法。酯交换法中,为了确保生产率而在酯交换时添加Zn、Ca、Mg等催化剂,因此有时不满足前述浓度范围。因此,本发明的聚酯的聚合方法优选直接酯化法。
为了使用呋喃二甲酸、且以少量的金属量确保反应性,缩聚前的低聚物物性是重要的。具体而言,优选的是,以无催化剂实施酯化,酯化后添加催化剂并通过搅拌进行均匀化后,在低聚物酸值为100eq/ton以上的阶段进入缩聚工序。若低聚物酸值为100eq/ton以上,则除了金属的催化活性以外,低聚物的质子还可以作为缩聚催化剂发挥作用而确保生产率。低聚物酸值优选200eq/ton以上、进一步优选为300eq/ton以上。从质子的催化能力这样的观点出发,低聚物酸值越高越优选,但低聚物酸值超过600eq/ton时,有时因酯化不良而导致聚合无法进行,从而造成分子量无法提高。
将本发明的聚酯树脂聚合时,作为聚合催化剂,从环境负荷的方面考虑,优选不是重金属,从聚合活性、聚酯的物性的方面考虑,进一步优选为铝化合物。
作为前述铝化合物,可以使用公知的铝化合物。
作为铝化合物,具体而言,可举出:甲酸铝、乙酸铝、碱性乙酸铝、丙酸铝、草酸铝等羧酸盐、氯化铝、氢氧化铝、聚合氯化铝(Aluminum Hydroxychloride)等无机酸盐、甲醇铝、乙醇铝、异丙醇铝、正丁醇铝、叔丁醇铝等烷醇铝、乙酰丙酮铝、乙酰乙酸铝等螯合铝化合物、三甲基铝、三乙基铝等有机铝化合物和它们的部分水解物、氧化铝等。它们当中优选羧酸盐、无机酸盐和鳌合化合物,其中,进一步特别优选乙酸铝、碱性乙酸铝、氯化铝、氢氧化铝、聚合氯化铝和乙酰丙酮铝。
其中,单独使用铝化合物时,聚合活性低,为了确保生产率,聚酯的二羧酸、多元羧酸等羧酸成分相对于总构成单元需要添加150ppm以上。因此,为了将总金属元素含量相对于聚酯设为150ppm以下,优选以提高聚合活性为目的而添加磷化合物作为助催化剂。
本发明中,对于应该用作上述助催化剂的磷化合物的浓度来说,作为磷元素含量,相对于聚酯树脂的质量优选为100ppm以下。磷元素含量相对于聚酯超过上述范围时,有时聚酯的聚合反应中,磷化合物被引入至聚酯的主链,从而导致聚酯的耐久性降低。磷元素含量相对于上述聚酯更优选为95ppm以下、进一步优选为90ppm以下。此外,用作上述助催化剂时,从提高聚合活性的目的考虑,磷元素含量优选为1ppm以上、进一步优选为3ppm以上。需要说明的是,本发明中应该使用的、优选的磷化合物的种类及其添加量如后所述,此时,作为磷化合物的添加量,以羧酸成分相对于总构成单元的添加量的形式表示。
对于用作上述助催化剂的磷化合物没有特别限制,但使用选自由膦酸系化合物、次膦酸系化合物组成的组中的一种或两种以上化合物时,催化活性的提高效果大而优选。这些当中,使用一种或二种以上的膦酸系化合物时,催化活性的提高效果大而特别优选。其中,从提高聚酯的热氧化稳定性的观点出发,特别优选同一分子内具有酚部位的磷化合物。
对于本发明的聚酯树脂而言,作为用作助催化剂的含有酚部位的磷化合物,具体而言,可举出:3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸乙酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸甲酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸异丙酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸苯酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸十八烷基酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、[3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸乙基]锂、[3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸乙基]钠、[3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸]钠、双[3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸乙基]钙、双[3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸]钙、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二苯酯。它们当中,特别优选作为Irganox1222(BASF CORPORATION制造)市售的3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙酯、以及作为Irganox1425(BASF CORPORATION制造)市售的双[3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸乙基]钙。
本发明的聚酯也可以将钛作为催化剂。即使在将钛用作催化剂时,也能够以少量的添加量确保生产率,但钛的催化活性高,因此有时在加热下容易产生聚酯的热氧化劣化,无法得到长期的热稳定性。因此,本发明中,作为聚酯的催化剂物质,优选使用除了钛以外的催化剂物质。
本发明的聚酯树脂可以使用前述催化剂物质适宜地获得,因此,可以将总金属元素量相对于聚酯树脂设在150ppm以下。因此,本发明的聚酯树脂的热氧化稳定性优异,能够取得长期的热稳定性。对于本发明的聚酯树脂来说,作为热氧化稳定性的指标的、下述式所示的TODΔ比浓粘度满足0.030dl/g以下。
(TODΔ比浓粘度)=(热氧化试验前的比浓粘度)-(热氧化试验后的比浓粘度)
(此处,热氧化试验是指将施加了如下热历程的聚酯树脂试样在空气下以180℃的温度进行60分钟加热处理的试验:所述热历程为在空气下以聚酯树脂的熔点+30℃的温度进行2分钟熔融后,以相同温度在载荷(100kgf/cm2)下放置1分钟的热历程。)
对热氧化试验进行详细说明。热氧化试验是指将施加了如下热历程的聚酯树脂试样进行冷冻粉碎,制成100目以下的粉末,以70℃在1Torr以下进行12小时真空干燥后,将其称量0.3g,装入至玻璃试验管,在空气下以180℃的温度进行60分钟加热处理的试验:所述热历程为在空气下以聚酯树脂的熔点+30℃的温度进行2分钟熔融后,以相同温度在载荷(100kgf/cm2)下放置1分钟的热历程。
热氧化试验中,在将聚酯树脂试样进行冷冻粉碎前,为了施加热历程而需要以聚酯树脂的熔点+30℃的温度制作热压片材。具体而言,将1.0g的聚酯树脂夹持在2张Teflon(注册商标)片材之间,进而将其夹持于2张不锈钢板并设置在热压机上,以聚酯树脂的熔点+30℃的温度进行2分钟熔融后,施加100kgf/cm2的载荷,1分钟后浸渍于水中使其骤冷从而制作样品。需要将施加了该热历程而得到的片材样品用于冷冻粉碎。
这示意地重现了由成型时的热分解导致的羧基的生成,含有呋喃二甲酸成分,且总金属元素含量少的本发明的聚酯树脂可以有效地抑制该羧基的生成,因此能够抑制热氧化试验中的粘度降低。
热氧化分解中,伴随羧基的生成,分解速度并不是恒定的,TODΔ比浓粘度变得越大,分解越加速进行。如果前述TODΔ比浓粘度为0.030dl/g以下,则能够在室外使用,优选为0.025dl/g以下,更优选为0.020dl/g以下,下限为0。若TODΔ比浓粘度为0.020dl/g以下,则能够抑制分解的进行,故是理想的。
总金属含量越少对热氧化稳定性越有利。但是,金属含量少也就是催化剂量少时,在生产率方面变得不利。因此,优选组合使用少量铝化合物和作为助催化剂的磷化合物来确保聚合活性。进而,磷化合物优选具有酚部位。这是由于:含有酚部位的磷化合物具有抑制氧存在下通过自由基机理分解的聚酯劣化的效果。为了提高该功能,更优选具有酚部位被立体地、电子地稳定化、进一步体现自由基捕集能力的受阻酚骨架。
对本发明的聚酯树脂的比浓粘度没有特别限制,理想的是0.1~2.0dl/g。低于0.1dl/g时,机械强度显著降低,实用中难以使用。超过2.0dl/g时,熔融粘度变高,因此处理性变差,除此之外,由于聚合时间变长而有对生产率带来不良影响的可能性。优选为0.2~1.8dl/g,更优选为0.3~1.5dl/g。
为了将在高温高湿下引起分解劣化时生成的羧基封端,在本发明的聚酯树脂中可以以任意比例配混碳二亚胺化合物、噁唑啉化合物、环氧化合物等末端封端剂。
为了使本发明的聚酯树脂成为更高性能的物质,可以单独添加或组合两种以上添加通常已知的稳定剂、润滑剂、脱模剂、增塑剂、阻燃剂、阻燃助剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、颜料、染料、抗静电剂、导电性赋予剂、分散剂、相容剂、抗菌剂、各种填料等。
本发明的聚酯树脂可以通过公知的成型法成型成薄膜、片材、注射成型体等。
实施例
以下,示出实施例来具体地说明本发明,但本发明并不限定于实施例。需要说明的是,实施例中所记载的各测定值是按照以下方法测定的。
(1)比浓粘度(ηsp/c)
将0.1g的试样溶解于对氯苯酚/四氯乙烷=6/4(质量比)混合溶剂25ml中,使用乌氏粘度管在30℃下测定。
(2)TODΔ比浓粘度
首先,将1.0g的聚酯树脂夹持在2张Teflon(注册商标)片材之间,进而将其夹持于2张不锈钢板并设置在热压机上,在空气下,以聚酯树脂的熔点+30℃的温度进行2分钟熔融后,施加100kgf/cm2的载荷,1分钟后浸渍于水中使其骤冷从而制作片材样品。
将如此施加了热历程而得到的聚酯树脂试样进行冷冻粉碎,制成100目以下的粉末,以70℃在1Torr以下进行12小时真空干燥。将其称重0.3g,装入至玻璃试验管,在空气下,以180℃进行60分钟加热处理,通过与上述相同的方法测定比浓粘度,由下式算出TODΔ比浓粘度。
(TODΔ比浓粘度)=(热氧化试验前的比浓粘度)-(热氧化试验后的比浓粘度)
(3)熔点
将聚酯树脂5.0mg装入到DSC用的铝盘,加热熔融至300℃后,使用液氮使其骤冷。使用Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation制造的差示扫描量热分析计“X-DSC7000”测定如此进行了前处理的聚酯树脂。将从20℃至300℃以20℃/分钟升温而得到的温度记录图曲线中的吸热峰设为熔点。
(4)聚酯树脂组成
聚酯树脂的组成和组成比的确定是通过共振频率400MHz的1H-NMR测定(质子型核磁共振波谱测定)进行的。测定装置使用VARIAN CORPORATION制造的NMR装置·400-MR,溶剂使用了氘代氯仿/三氟乙酸=85/15(质量比)。
(5)聚酯树脂试样中的总金属元素的含量(ppm)
磷利用荧光X射线法求出。其它金属在将聚合物进行灰化/酸溶解后,利用高频等离子体发射光谱分析和原子吸收光谱分析求出。均由预先制作的标准曲线对试样中的元素的量进行定量。
(缩聚催化剂溶液的制备)
(Irganox1222的乙二醇溶液的制备)
在常温常压下,在具备氮气导入管、冷凝管的烧瓶中加入2.0升的乙二醇后,在氮气气氛下以200rpm进行搅拌,并且加入200g的Irganox1222(BASF CORPORATION制造)作为磷化合物。进而追加2.0升的乙二醇后,将夹套(jacket)温度的设定变更为196℃并进行升温,在内温变成185℃以上的时刻起在回流下进行60分钟搅拌。然后停止加热,立即从热源撤去溶液,保持在氮气气氛下,在30分钟以内冷却至120℃以下。
(铝化合物的水溶液的制备)
在常温常压下,在具备冷凝管的烧瓶中加入5.0升的纯水后,以200rpm进行搅拌,并且将200g的碱性乙酸铝以与纯水的浆料的形式添加。进而使整体成为10.0升的方式追加纯水并在常温常压下搅拌12小时。然后,将夹套温度的设定变更为100.5℃并进行升温,在内温变成95℃以上时刻起在回流下进行3小时搅拌。停止搅拌,自然冷却至室温而得到水溶液。
(铝化合物的乙二醇混合溶液的制备)
在由上述方法得到的铝化合物水溶液中加入等容量的乙二醇,在室温下进行30分钟搅拌后,将内温控制在80~90℃,缓慢减压,达到27hPa,进行数小时搅拌并且将水从体系蒸馏去除,得到20g/l的铝化合物的乙二醇溶液。
(锑化合物的乙二醇溶液的制备)
将三氧化锑溶解到乙二醇中,得到14g/l的三氧化锑的乙二醇溶液。
(锗化合物的水溶液的制备)
将二氧化锗溶解到水中,得到8g/L的二氧化锗的水溶液。
(TMPA的乙二醇溶液的制备)
将磷酸三甲酯(TMPA)溶解到乙二醇中,得到20g/l的TMPA的乙二醇溶液。
(TBT的1-丁醇溶液的制备)
将四正丁氧基钛(TBT)溶解到1-丁醇中,得到68g/l的TBT的1-丁醇溶液。
(乙酸钴的乙二醇溶液的制备)
将乙酸钴溶解到乙二醇中,得到20g/l的乙酸钴的乙二醇溶液。
实施例1
在带有搅拌机的容量2升的不锈钢制高压釜中投入2,5-呋喃二甲酸428.5g(2.7摩尔)、乙二醇219.5g(3.5摩尔),升温至220℃,且在0.25MPa的加压下进行150分钟酯化反应,得到低聚物混合物。然后,将制备好的Irganox1222的乙二醇溶液、铝化合物的乙二醇混合溶液以成为规定的残留量的方式添加,用60分钟升温至250℃,且缓慢降低反应体系的压力,成为13.3Pa(0.1Torr),进而在250℃、13.3Pa下进行聚酯缩聚反应60分钟。持续放压,将微加压下的树脂在冷水中喷出成股线状并进行骤冷,然后在冷水中保持20秒后,切割而得到长度约3mm、直径约2mm的料筒形状的粒料。将该聚酯粒料的特性示于表中。
实施例2~4
按照实施例1的聚合方法,但变更原料的种类与配混比率,制造聚酯树脂实施例2~4。所得的树脂的组成、残留金属量、物性示于表中。它们满足本申请发明中规定的范围,显示良好的热氧化稳定性。
比较例1~6
按照实施例1的聚合方法,但变更原料的种类与配混比率,制造聚酯树脂比较例1~6。所得的树脂的组成、残留金属量、物性示于表中。可知:比较例1中的磷化合物配混量过多,比较例2~5的残留金属量过多,因此热氧化稳定性分别变差,且TODΔ比浓粘度超过0.030dl/g,是不适于室外用途的树脂。此外,比较例6的残留金属量少,由于熔点的高度而在热氧化试验前进行的热处理温度高,故较多地生成羧基,TODΔ比浓粘度超过0.030dl/g。
[表1]
产业上的可利用性
本发明的聚酯树脂的长期热稳定性优异。因此,可用作室外使用的太阳能电池用途等的构成构件,产业上的利用价值大。
Claims (5)
1.一种聚酯树脂,其由二羧酸成分和二元醇成分形成,含有50摩尔%以上的呋喃二甲酸作为二羧酸成分,且满足下述特征(1)~(3),
(1)总金属元素含量相对于聚酯树脂的质量为50ppm以下
(2)磷元素含量相对于聚酯树脂的质量为100ppm以下
(3)下述式所示的TODΔ比浓粘度为0.030dl/g以下
(TODΔ比浓粘度)=(热氧化试验前的比浓粘度)-(热氧化试验后的比浓粘度)
此处,热氧化试验是指将施加了如下热历程的聚酯树脂试样在空气下以180℃的温度进行60分钟加热处理的试验:所述热历程为在空气下以聚酯树脂的熔点+30℃的温度进行2分钟熔融后,以相同温度在100kgf/cm2的载荷下放置1分钟的热历程,
聚酯聚合时的催化剂为铝化合物和磷化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚酯树脂,其熔点为220℃以下。
3.一种薄膜,其是使用权利要求1或2所述的聚酯树脂而得到的。
4.一种片材,其是使用权利要求1或2所述的聚酯树脂而得到的。
5.一种注射成型体,其是使用权利要求1或2所述的聚酯树脂而得到的。
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US9850342B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 |
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US20160319066A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
JP5928655B2 (ja) | 2016-06-01 |
WO2015093524A1 (ja) | 2015-06-25 |
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