CN105393776B - The cultural method of Queensland nut - Google Patents
The cultural method of Queensland nut Download PDFInfo
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- CN105393776B CN105393776B CN201510866874.XA CN201510866874A CN105393776B CN 105393776 B CN105393776 B CN 105393776B CN 201510866874 A CN201510866874 A CN 201510866874A CN 105393776 B CN105393776 B CN 105393776B
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- queensland nut
- plant hole
- inner bag
- hole
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- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000004922 Vigna radiata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000612118 Samolus valerandi Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- YGGXZTQSGNFKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-naphthalen-1-ylacetate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)OC)=CC=CC2=C1 YGGXZTQSGNFKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019082 Osmanthus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000333181 Osmanthus Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014651 chocolate spreads Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods of Queensland nut; by the protective bag for being arranged double-layer structure on fruit every year; protective bag is removed after 3~4 months; the inner bag of protective bag is with outer bag towards same side opening, and for inner bag with outer bag by linking together close to two snap-fasteners of opening, outer bag is equipped with the first bungee; inner bag is equipped with the second bungee; wherein, inner bag is network, and outer bag is dipping pretreatment in the mixed liquor of 0.01% borax soln by naphthalene acid solution and mass fraction.The cultural method of the Queensland nut of the present invention can protect fruit; outer bag passes through the pretreatment of the mixed liquor of naphthalene acid solution and borax simultaneously; remaining methyl α-naphthyl acetate and borax influence fruit by the grid in outer bag; it can promote the maturation of fruit, the heat insulation effect of join protection bag itself that can preferably shorten the growth cycle of Queensland nut.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology.It is more particularly related to a kind of cultivation side of Queensland nut
Method.
Background technology
Queensland nut is a kind of edible nut that oil content is high, full of nutrition, crispy and delicious, and Queensland nut seed is spherical,
Milky, oil-containing 60%~80%, protein and carbohydrate respectively about 9%, and contain abundant calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin B
Equal trace elements.After Queensland nut is processed, quality is fine and smooth, clear and melodious palatable, gives off a strong fragrance, approximate with cashew nut and English walnut, extensively
Dispensing as dish, cake, candy, chocolate and ice cream etc..Macadimia nut oil is single unsaturated fatty acid,
In, oleic acid and palmitoleic acid account for 81.8%, are advanced natural salad oils.In recent years, the fashionable whole world of Queensland nut is had a sudden rise in social status,
As nut fruits product most popular on international market
Queensland nut has higher nutritive value and health value, is a kind of fruit of great development prospect and economic benefit
Tree, however the growth conditions of Queensland nut is more demanding, and growth cycle is longer, and current output, which is difficult to meet people, constantly to be increased
Demand, therefore there is an urgent need for find a kind of Cultivation Queensland nut and can to shorten the cultural method in growth period.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to solve at least the above, and provide the advantages of at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of cultural methods of Queensland nut, double by being arranged on fruit every year
The protective bag of layer structure, can protect fruit not perplexed by insect pest, while outer bag passes through the mixed liquor of naphthalene acid solution and borax
Pretreatment, remaining methyl α-naphthyl acetate and borax influence fruit by the grid in outer bag, can promote the maturation of fruit, join protection
The bag heat insulation effect of itself can shorten the growth cycle of Queensland nut.
In order to realize these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a kind of cultural method of Queensland nut is provided,
Include the following steps：
1) it is 900~1100 meters in height above sea level, annual rainfall is 1000~1500mm, and the soil gradient is 10 °~20 °, soil
Orchard is built in the rectangle plot that pH is 5~6, is planted first 2~3 months and is dug kind of a plant hole, the size for planting plant hole is long 0.9m, wide
0.9m, high 0.8m, in each kind of plant hole, depth of soil is cubsoil more than 0.3m, and depth of soil is table soil less than 0.3m, right
In each kind of plant hole, by cubsoil according to mass ratio 6:4 points are two parts, take 6~10kg of farm manure according to mass ratio 6:4 points are two
Part, after corresponding mixing with the cubsoil of same equal portions respectively, obtained more portions are the first mixture, and few portion is the
Two mixtures backfill the first mixture；
2) it plants first 1 month and backfills the second mixture, macadamia seed is implanted in kind of plant hole in June to September, plant
By the table earthen backfill after complete, when backfill encloses the table soil centered on Queensland nut sapling sets tree disk, the shape of the tree disk
Shape is pallet shape, and surrounding is higher 2~3cm than center, is watered once, in being with Queensland nut sapling into the tree disk after backfill
The heart, away from being covered with the broken shell of the Queensland nut of 5~10cm thickness at its 7~10cm；
3) after planting, 1 weeding was carried out in orchard every 2~3 months, a loose subsurface soil every 3~4 months, tree
The macadamia in 1~2 year age, every 25~35g of application urea, 25~35g composite fertilizers and 10~20g potash fertilizer, the age of tree 3 years and
Above macadamia is applied in annual 1~2 month every 45~80g of application urea and 25~45g phosphorus potash fertilizers, 3~August every
With 50~100g composite fertilizers, 9~December every 45~80g of application composite fertilizer and 45~80g urea；
Annual early June is arranged protective bag outside every a string of Queensland nuts fruit, the protection is removed after 3~4 months
Bag；
The protective bag is double-layer structure comprising inner bag and the outer bag for being enclosed in inner bag periphery, inner bag and outer bag direction
Same side opening, with outer bag by linking together close to two snap-fasteners of opening, two snap-fasteners are arranged in the inner bag inner bag
Both sides, the outer wall of outer bag encloses close to opening equipped with the first bungee, and the outer wall of inner bag is enclosed close to opening equipped with the second pine
Tight rope；
When being arranged the protective bag, on macadamia, a string of Queensland nut fruits are packed into inner bag, successively beam residence
The second bungee and first bungee are stated, first bungee is tightened on macadamia, removed after 3~4 months
First bungee is taken off when the protective bag；
Wherein, inner bag is network, and outer bag is by outer bag a concentration of 3ppm's by pretreatment, pretreated method
It is dried after impregnating 20~30min in the mixed liquor for the borax soln that naphthalene acid solution is 0.01% with mass fraction, repeats to impregnate 2
It dries after~3 times, then will be used after the outer bag of protective bag and inner bag snapping by snap-fastener.
Preferably, kind of a plant hole is set as in orchard in the step 1)：The kind plant hole spacing in the rows of singular row is 3~4m, double
Several rows of kind plant hole spacing in the rows is 4~6m, and singular row kind plant hole and adjacent even numbers row kind plant hole are divided into one group, each group two-by-two
The position of the kind plant hole of the closely block edge of middle even numbers row is set as and two kinds of nearest plant holes of adjacent singular row
Position constitutes isosceles triangle, and the line-spacing for planting plant hole is 5~7m.
Preferably, Queensland nut sapling includes Queensland nut grafting and Queensland nut cuttage seeding in the step 2),
Select height for 65~70cm, interface height is in 25~30cm, Queensland nut of the stem rugosity in the same kind of 0.5~1cm
Grafting, and height is in 85~90cm, stem rugosity two different cultivars of 0.6~1cm Queensland nut cuttage seeding,
Annual June to September in the kind plant hole that each distance between rows and hills is 3m~4m, by the Queensland nut cuttage seeding interval kind of two different cultivars
It plants, Queensland nut grafting is planted in the kind plant hole that each distance between rows and hills is 4m~6m.
Preferably, the Mesh Diameter of the inner bag of the network of the protective bag is 1~1.8cm.
Preferably, the outer wall side of outer bag is equipped with through-hole, a diameter of 0.5~1.2mm of the through-hole.
Preferably, in the step 3), after plantation, the protective bag is set as being equipped with by late June to late August
The side of the through-hole towards sunlit direction, and every 30~40 days to the through hole spray 1 time it is a concentration of
The naphthalene acid solution of 0.5ppm.
Preferably, it in the step 3), waters into the tree disk within every 4~7 days after plantation primary.
Preferably, in the step 3), 5~7 months intercropping plant mung bean or coffee in orchard after plantation.
The present invention includes at least following advantageous effect：
1, enter the peak period of Queensland nut growth annual June, the protective bag of double-layer structure can protect fruit not by worm
Evil puzzlement, improves fruit quality, while the heat insulation effect of protective bag can shorten the growth cycle of Queensland nut to a certain extent.By
It can be fallen to after the fruit maturation of Queensland nut on the ground, mellow fruit, diameter can be accommodated by the inner bag of nylon material
Ensure that mellow fruit is all collected in inner bag for the grid of 1~1.5cm, when picking fruit harvests as unit of going here and there, and is accommodated in
After in inner bag, inner bag is detached with outer bag by snap-fastener, can be obtained the fruit in inner bag after unlocking the second bungee, greatly
Manpower is saved greatly, if not unlocking the second bungee, Queensland nut is placed in latticed inner bag and can directly be stored or transport,
Outer bag is repeatable to be utilized.The mixed liquor for the borax soln that outer bag is 0.01% with mass fraction by the naphthalene acid solution in 3ppm
The pretreatment of middle immersion, remaining methyl α-naphthyl acetate and borax influence fruit by the grid in outer bag, and the percentage of fertile fruit of young fruit can be improved,
The maturation that can promote fruit, shortens the growth cycle of Queensland nut, and is not directly contacted with fruit, also avoids drug in fruit
On residual, keep fruit more healthy.
2, kind plant hole center soil is divided into two parts backfill, and more the first mixtures of portion is in the lowest part of kind of plant hole, fertility
Abundance, fertility are further filled with few the second mixture of portion after being fully infiltrated into soil after a period of time etc., then equal second mixture
Middle fertility is planted again after working, and such composition avoids burn seedlings and the fertility of farm manure is made full use of to improve soil.
3, the Queensland nut cuttage seeding of two kinds of simultaneous selection and the Queensland nut grafting of a kind are planted in fruit
In garden, it is 4~6m that grafting and cuttage seeding select different spacing in the rows, grafting spacing in the rows respectively, and cuttage seeding spacing in the rows is 3~4m, symbol
It closes various growth rhythms, and can fully combine grafting that can keep the fine quality of fruit tree, fruit tree can be in advance as a result, can be with
The advantages of promoting the winter resistance, drought resistance, the ability of disease and insect resistance of plant and cuttage seeding can keep the excellent genes of maternal plant, soon
The advantages of fast growth and breeding, neighbouring triangle three set one group, arrange in pairs or groups mutually, have for most of Queensland nuts
Self-incompatility, realize gene complementation, improve fruit-setting rate to improve the yield of Queensland nut.
4, the mode of 5~7 months intercropping plant mung beans or coffee in orchard after planting, the legume made can be consolidated
Nitrogen increases soil content, kind short-stalked crop, crop energy mulching soil of crawling, and summer heat can reduce soil temperature, reduce the soil water
Divide evaporation；The residuum of interrow crop can increase the organic matter of soil.Can enhance soil management, increase economic benefit and
One step provides the good growing environment of macadamia, improves the fruiting rate of macadamia, to reach the mesh for improving yield
's.
5, late June to late August is the peak period of Queensland nut growth, and set protective bag to through-hole shines towards sunlight
The direction penetrated, and the naphthalene acid solution of 1 a concentration of 0.5ppm was sprayed every 30~40 days to through hole, sunlight makes Queensland nut
Nutritional ingredient fully accumulated, the spraying of naphthalene acid solution not only ensures that moisture abundance keeps Queensland nut fruit oil content high, but also
The maturation that can promote fruit shortens the growth cycle of Queensland nut.
Part is illustrated to embody by further advantage, target and the feature of the present invention by following, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to enable those skilled in the art with reference to specification
Word can be implemented according to this.
Embodiment 1
1) it is 900 meters, annual rainfall 1000mm in height above sea level, the soil gradient is 10 °, the rectangle plot that soil pH is 5
Orchard is built, plants first 2 months and digs kind of a plant hole, the size for planting plant hole is long 0.9m, wide 0.9m, high 0.8m.
Kind of a plant hole is set as in orchard：The kind plant hole spacing in the rows of singular row is 3m, and the kind plant hole spacing in the rows of even numbers row is 4m, will be single
Several rows kinds of plant holes are divided into the plantation of the closely block edge of even numbers row in one group, each group with adjacent even numbers row kind plant hole two-by-two
The position in cave is set as constituting isosceles triangle with the position of two kinds of nearest plant holes of adjacent singular row, plants the row of plant hole
Away from for 5m.
In each kind of plant hole, depth of soil is cubsoil more than 0.3m, and depth of soil is table soil less than 0.3m, for every
A kind of plant hole, by cubsoil according to mass ratio 6:4 points are two parts, take 6~10kg of farm manure according to mass ratio 6:4 points are two parts, point
After not corresponding mixing with the cubsoil of same equal portions, obtained more portions are the first mixture, and few portion is second mixed
Object is closed, the first mixture is backfilled.
2) it plants first 1 month and backfills the second mixture, macadamia seed is implanted in kind of plant hole in June.
Queensland nut sapling includes Queensland nut grafting and Queensland nut cuttage seeding, selects height for 65cm, and interface is high
Degree is in 25cm, and stem rugosity is in the Queensland nut grafting of the same kind of 0.5cm, and height, in 85cm, stem rugosity exists
The Queensland nut cuttage seeding of two different cultivars of 0.6cm, in annual June in the kind plant hole that each distance between rows and hills is 3m, by two
The Queensland nut cuttage seeding interval of a different cultivars is planted, the plantation Queensland nut grafting in the kind plant hole that each distance between rows and hills is 4m
Seedling.
By the table earthen backfill after finishing, when backfill encloses the table soil centered on Queensland nut sapling sets tree disk, institute
The shape for stating tree disk is pallet shape, and surrounding is higher 2cm than center, is watered into the tree disk once, with macadamia after backfill
Centered on seedling, covered away from the broken shell of the Queensland nut of 5cm thickness is used at its 7cm.
3) it after planting, waters into the tree disk within every 4 days primary, 1 weeding was carried out in orchard every 2 months, every 3
An a month loose subsurface soil, 5 months intercropping plant mung bean or coffee in orchard after plantation.
1~2 year macadamia of the age of tree, every application 25g urea, 25g composite fertilizers and 10g potash fertilizer, the age of tree 3 years and with
On macadamia, annual 1~2 month every apply 45g urea and 25g phosphorus potash fertilizers, the application of 3~August every 50g is compound
Fertilizer, 9~December every apply 45g composite fertilizers and 45g urea.
Annual early June is arranged protective bag outside every a string of Queensland nuts fruit, the protective bag is removed after 3 months.
The protective bag is double-layer structure comprising inner bag and the outer bag for being enclosed in inner bag periphery, inner bag and outer bag direction
Same side opening, with outer bag by linking together close to two snap-fasteners of opening, two snap-fasteners are arranged in the inner bag inner bag
Both sides, the outer wall of outer bag encloses close to opening equipped with the first bungee, and the outer wall of inner bag is enclosed close to opening equipped with the second pine
Tight rope.
When being arranged the protective bag, on macadamia, a string of Queensland nut fruits are packed into inner bag, successively beam residence
The second bungee and first bungee are stated, first bungee is tightened on macadamia, is removed after 3 months described
First bungee is taken off when protective bag.
Wherein, inner bag is network, Mesh Diameter 1cm；The outer wall side of outer bag be equipped with through-hole, the through-hole it is straight
Diameter is 0.5mm, late June to late August, sets the protective bag to the side equipped with the through-hole towards sunlit
Direction, and the naphthalene acid solution of 1 a concentration of 0.5ppm was sprayed every 30 days to the through hole.
The outer bag by pretreatment, pretreated method be by outer bag a concentration of 3ppm naphthalene acid solution and quality
It is dried after impregnating 20min in the mixed liquor for the borax soln that score is 0.01%, repeats to dry after impregnating 2 times, then pass through snap-fastener
It will be used after the outer bag of protective bag and inner bag snapping.
Embodiment 2
1) it is 1100 meters, annual rainfall 1500mm in height above sea level, the soil gradient is 20 °, the rectangle plot that soil pH is 6
Orchard is built, plants first 3 months and digs kind of a plant hole, the size for planting plant hole is long 0.9m, wide 0.9m, high 0.8m.
Kind of a plant hole is set as in orchard：The kind plant hole spacing in the rows of singular row is 4m, and the kind plant hole spacing in the rows of even numbers row is 6m, will be single
Several rows kinds of plant holes are divided into the plantation of the closely block edge of even numbers row in one group, each group with adjacent even numbers row kind plant hole two-by-two
The position in cave is set as constituting isosceles triangle with the position of two kinds of nearest plant holes of adjacent singular row, plants the row of plant hole
Away from for 7m.
In each kind of plant hole, depth of soil is cubsoil more than 0.3m, and depth of soil is table soil less than 0.3m, for every
A kind of plant hole, by cubsoil according to mass ratio 6:4 points are two parts, take farm manure 10kg according to mass ratio 6:4 points be two parts, respectively with
After the cubsoil of same equal portions corresponds mixing, obtained more portions are the first mixture, and few portion is the second mixture,
First mixture is backfilled.
2) it plants first 1 month and backfills the second mixture, macadamia seed is implanted in kind of plant hole in September.
Queensland nut sapling includes Queensland nut grafting and Queensland nut cuttage seeding, selects height for 70cm, and interface is high
Degree is in 30cm, and stem rugosity is in the Queensland nut grafting of the same kind of 1cm, and height, in 90cm, stem rugosity is in 1cm
Two different cultivars Queensland nut cuttage seeding, annual September each distance between rows and hills be 4m kind plant hole in, by two differences
The Queensland nut cuttage seeding interval of kind is planted, and Queensland nut grafting is planted in the kind plant hole that each distance between rows and hills is 6m.
By the table earthen backfill after finishing, when backfill encloses the table soil centered on Queensland nut sapling sets tree disk, institute
The shape for stating tree disk is pallet shape, and surrounding is higher 3cm than center, is watered into the tree disk once, with macadamia after backfill
Centered on seedling, covered away from the broken shell of the Queensland nut of 10cm thickness is used at its 10cm.
3) it after planting, waters into the tree disk within every 7 days primary, 1 weeding is carried out in orchard at quarterly intervals, every 4
An a month loose subsurface soil, 7 months intercropping plant mung bean or coffee in orchard after plantation.
1~2 year macadamia of the age of tree, every application 35g urea, 35g composite fertilizers and 20g potash fertilizer, the age of tree 3 years and with
On macadamia, annual 1~2 month every apply 80g urea and 45g phosphorus potash fertilizers, the application of 3~August every 100g is compound
Fertilizer, 9~December every apply 80g composite fertilizers and 80g urea.
Annual early June is arranged protective bag outside every a string of Queensland nuts fruit, the protective bag is removed after 4 months.
The protective bag is double-layer structure comprising inner bag and the outer bag for being enclosed in inner bag periphery, inner bag and outer bag direction
Same side opening, with outer bag by linking together close to two snap-fasteners of opening, two snap-fasteners are arranged in the inner bag inner bag
Both sides, the outer wall of outer bag encloses close to opening equipped with the first bungee, and the outer wall of inner bag is enclosed close to opening equipped with the second pine
Tight rope.
When being arranged the protective bag, on macadamia, a string of Queensland nut fruits are packed into inner bag, successively beam residence
The second bungee and first bungee are stated, first bungee is tightened on macadamia, is removed after 4 months described
First bungee is taken off when protective bag.
Wherein, inner bag is network, Mesh Diameter 1.8cm；The outer wall side of outer bag is equipped with through-hole, the through-hole
A diameter of 1.2mm, late June to late August set the protective bag to the side equipped with the through-hole towards sunlight
Direction, and the naphthalene acid solution of 1 a concentration of 0.5ppm was sprayed every 40 days to the through hole.
The outer bag by pretreatment, pretreated method be by outer bag a concentration of 3ppm naphthalene acid solution and quality
It is dried after impregnating 30min in the mixed liquor for the borax soln that score is 0.01%, repeats to dry after impregnating 3 times, then pass through snap-fastener
It will be used after the outer bag of protective bag and inner bag snapping.
Embodiment 3
1) it is 1000 meters, annual rainfall 1200mm in height above sea level, the soil gradient is 15 °, the rectangle plot that soil pH is 5
Orchard is built, plants first 3 months and digs kind of a plant hole, the size for planting plant hole is long 0.9m, wide 0.9m, high 0.8m.
Kind of a plant hole is set as in orchard：The kind plant hole spacing in the rows of singular row is 4m, and the kind plant hole spacing in the rows of even numbers row is 5m, will be single
Several rows kinds of plant holes are divided into the plantation of the closely block edge of even numbers row in one group, each group with adjacent even numbers row kind plant hole two-by-two
The position in cave is set as constituting isosceles triangle with the position of two kinds of nearest plant holes of adjacent singular row, plants the row of plant hole
Away from for 6m.
In each kind of plant hole, depth of soil is cubsoil more than 0.3m, and depth of soil is table soil less than 0.3m, for every
A kind of plant hole, by cubsoil according to mass ratio 6:4 points are two parts, take 6~10kg of farm manure according to mass ratio 6:4 points are two parts, point
After not corresponding mixing with the cubsoil of same equal portions, obtained more portions are the first mixture, and few portion is second mixed
Object is closed, the first mixture is backfilled.
2) it plants first 1 month and backfills the second mixture, macadamia seed is implanted in kind of plant hole in July.
Queensland nut sapling includes Queensland nut grafting and Queensland nut cuttage seeding, selects height for 68cm, and interface is high
Degree is in 28cm, and stem rugosity is in the Queensland nut grafting of the same kind of 0.8cm, and height, in 88cm, stem rugosity exists
The Queensland nut cuttage seeding of two different cultivars of 0.8cm, in annual August in the kind plant hole that each distance between rows and hills is 4m, by two
The Queensland nut cuttage seeding interval of a different cultivars is planted, the plantation Queensland nut grafting in the kind plant hole that each distance between rows and hills is 5m
Seedling.
By the table earthen backfill after finishing, when backfill encloses the table soil centered on Queensland nut sapling sets tree disk, institute
The shape for stating tree disk is pallet shape, and surrounding is higher 2cm than center, is watered into the tree disk once, with macadamia after backfill
Centered on seedling, covered away from the broken shell of the Queensland nut of 8cm thickness is used at its 8cm.
3) it after planting, waters into the tree disk within every 4~7 days primary, carries out 1 weeding in orchard at quarterly intervals, often
A loose subsurface soil every 3 months, 6 months intercropping plant mung bean or coffee in orchard after plantation.
1~2 year macadamia of the age of tree, every application 30g urea, 30g composite fertilizers and 15g potash fertilizer, the age of tree 3 years and with
On macadamia, annual 1~2 month every apply 60g urea and 35g phosphorus potash fertilizers, the application of 3~August every 80g is compound
Fertilizer, 9~December every apply 60g composite fertilizers and 60g urea.
Annual early June is arranged protective bag outside every a string of Queensland nuts fruit, the protective bag is removed after 4 months.
The protective bag is double-layer structure comprising inner bag and the outer bag for being enclosed in inner bag periphery, inner bag and outer bag direction
Same side opening, with outer bag by linking together close to two snap-fasteners of opening, two snap-fasteners are arranged in the inner bag inner bag
Both sides, the outer wall of outer bag encloses close to opening equipped with the first bungee, and the outer wall of inner bag is enclosed close to opening equipped with the second pine
Tight rope.
When being arranged the protective bag, on macadamia, a string of Queensland nut fruits are packed into inner bag, successively beam residence
The second bungee and first bungee are stated, first bungee is tightened on macadamia, is removed after 4 months described
First bungee is taken off when protective bag.
Wherein, inner bag is network, Mesh Diameter 1.5cm；The outer wall side of outer bag is equipped with through-hole, the through-hole
A diameter of 1.0mm, late June to late August set the protective bag to the side equipped with the through-hole towards sunlight
Direction, and the naphthalene acid solution of 1 a concentration of 0.5ppm was sprayed every 35 days to the through hole.
The outer bag by pretreatment, pretreated method be by outer bag a concentration of 3ppm naphthalene acid solution and quality
It is dried after impregnating 25min in the mixed liquor for the borax soln that score is 0.01%, repeats to dry after impregnating 3 times, then pass through snap-fastener
It will be used after the outer bag of protective bag and inner bag snapping.
In order to illustrate the effect of the present invention, inventor selects the identical plot of 5 various aspects conditions to compile successively in orchard
Number be a groups, b groups, c groups, d groups and e groups, the Queensland nut kind of experiment 3, respectively Queensland nut grafting osmanthus heat No. 1, Australia
Continent nut cuttage seeding OC and Queensland nut cuttage seeding H2。
24 plants of Queensland nut grafting osmanthus heat 1 are planted in a groups, and 24 plants of Queensland nut cuttage seeding OC, c groups are planted in b groups
24 plants of Queensland nut cuttage seeding H of middle plantation2, 12 plants of Queensland nut cuttage seeding OC of plantation and 12 plants of Queensland nut cuttage seedings in d groups
H2, 8 plants of Queensland nut cuttage seeding OC of plantation, 8 plants of Queensland nut cuttage seeding H in e groups2It is No. 1 hot with 8 plants of Queensland nut grafting osmanthus,
Wherein, the implantation methods in e groups in embodiment 3 using the present invention, the kind plant hole spacing in the rows of Queensland nut cuttage seeding in a~d groups
It is 3~4m, the kind plant hole spacing in the rows of Queensland nut grafting is 4~6m, and bandage and branch are not provided on the sapling of a~d groups
Strut, remaining is identical as the implantation methods in e groups, and it is as follows to measure related data：
1 Queensland nut growing state of table measures
From table 1 it follows that the cultural method of Queensland nut using the present invention is compared with common implantation methods, this hair
The cultural method of bright Queensland nut shortens the growth cycle of Queensland nut, institute due to setting protective bag in planting process
It is faster come to the ripening period with e group ratio a~d groups, two different cultivars have been respectively adopted in the cultural method of Queensland nut of the invention
Queensland nut grafting and the Queensland nut cuttage seeding of a kind be planted in orchard, grafting and cuttage seeding select respectively
Different spacing in the rows meets the growth rhythm of seedling, and fresh fruit weight is apparently higher than other groups with strain yield in e groups, shows the Australia of the present invention
The cultural method of continent nut improves the quality of fruit, and improves the yield of Queensland nut.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
In specific details and embodiment shown and described herein.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of cultural method of Queensland nut, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) it is 900~1100 meters in height above sea level, annual rainfall is 1000~1500mm, and the soil gradient is 10 °~20 °, soil pH 5
Orchard is built in~6 rectangle plot, is planted and is dug within first 2~3 months kind of a plant hole, and the size for planting plant hole is long 0.9m, wide 0.9m, height
0.8m, in each kind of plant hole, depth of soil is cubsoil more than 0.3m, and depth of soil is table soil less than 0.3m, for each
Kind of plant hole, by cubsoil according to mass ratio 6: 4 points be two parts, take 6~10kg of farm manure according to mass ratio 6: 4 points be two parts, respectively
After corresponding mixing with the cubsoil of same equal portions, obtained more portions are the first mixture, and few portion is the second mixing
Object backfills the first mixture；
2) it plants first 1 month and backfills the second mixture, macadamia seed is implanted in kind of plant hole in June to September, after finishing
By the table earthen backfill, when backfill encloses the table soil centered on Queensland nut sapling sets tree disk, and the shape of the tree disk is
Pallet shape, surrounding is higher 2~3cm than center, waters once into the tree disk after backfill, centered on Queensland nut sapling, away from
It is covered with the broken shell of the Queensland nut of 5~10cm thickness at its 7~10cm；
3) after planting, 1 weeding was carried out in orchard every 2~3 months, a loose subsurface soil every 3~4 months, the age of tree 1~
2 years macadamias, every 25~35g of application urea, 25~35g composite fertilizers and 10~20g potash fertilizer, age of tree 3 years or more
Macadamia, in annual 1~2 month every 45~80g of application urea and 25~45g phosphorus potash fertilizers, every application of 3~August 50
~100g composite fertilizers, 9~December every 45~80g of application composite fertilizer and 45~80g urea；
Annual early June is arranged protective bag outside every a string of Queensland nuts fruit, the protective bag is removed after 3~4 months；
The protective bag is double-layer structure comprising inner bag and the outer bag for being enclosed in inner bag periphery, inner bag and outer bag are towards same
Side opening, with outer bag by linking together close to two snap-fasteners of opening, two snap-fasteners are arranged the two of the inner bag inner bag
The outer wall of side, outer bag is enclosed close to opening equipped with the first bungee, and the outer wall of inner bag is enclosed close to opening equipped with the second bungee；
When being arranged the protective bag, on macadamia, a string of Queensland nut fruits are packed into inner bags, beam residence states the successively
Two bungees and first bungee, first bungee are tightened on macadamia, are removed after 3~4 months described
First bungee is taken off when protective bag；
Wherein, inner bag is network, outer bag by pretreatment, pretreated method be by outer bag a concentration of 3ppm naphthalene second
It is dried after impregnating 20~30min in the mixed liquor for the borax soln that acid solution is 0.01% with mass fraction, repeats to impregnate 2~3
It dries after secondary, then will be used after the outer bag of protective bag and inner bag snapping by snap-fastener.
2. the cultural method of Queensland nut as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that kind of plant hole in orchard in the step 1)
It is set as：The kind plant hole spacing in the rows of singular row is 3~4m, and the kind plant hole spacing in the rows of even numbers row is 4~6m, by singular row kind plant hole and phase
The position for the kind plant hole that adjacent even numbers row kind plant hole is divided into the closely block edge of even numbers row in one group, each group two-by-two is set as
Isosceles triangle is constituted with the position of two kinds of nearest plant holes of adjacent singular row, the line-spacing for planting plant hole is 5~7m.
3. the cultural method of Queensland nut as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that Queensland nut sapling in the step 2)
Including Queensland nut grafting and Queensland nut cuttage seeding, select height for 65~70cm, interface height is in 25~30cm, stem
Rugosity is in the Queensland nut grafting of the same kind of 0.5~1cm, and height is in 85~90cm, stem rugosity 0.6~
The Queensland nut cuttage seeding of two different cultivars of 1cm, in annual June to September in the kind plant hole that each distance between rows and hills is 3m~4m,
By the Queensland nut cuttage seeding interval plantation of two different cultivars, Australia is planted in the kind plant hole that each distance between rows and hills is 4m~6m
Nut grafting.
4. the cultural method of Queensland nut as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the network of the protective bag it is interior
The Mesh Diameter of bag is 1~1.8cm.
5. the cultural method of Queensland nut as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the outer wall side of outer bag is equipped with through-hole,
A diameter of 0.5~1.2mm of the through-hole.
6. the cultural method of Queensland nut as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in the step 3), after plantation, June
The last ten-days period to late August set the protective bag to the side equipped with the through-hole towards sunlit direction, and every 30
~40 days naphthalene acid solutions that 1 a concentration of 0.5ppm is sprayed to the through hole.
7. the cultural method of Queensland nut as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in the step 3), every 4 after plantation~
It waters into the tree disk within 7 days primary.
8. the cultural method of Queensland nut as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that in the step 3), 5~7 after plantation
A month intercropping plant mung bean or coffee in orchard.
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| CN106171414A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of method promoting that thorax fruitful branch is sprouted in macadimia nut veteran |
| CN106804368A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-09 | 昭通谢氏农业科技有限公司 | A kind of red fuji apple implantation methods |
| CN106888914A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-06-27 | 西双版纳云濮农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Queensland nut |
| CN107494158A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-22 | 马山县荷松种植专业合作社 | Improve the engrafting method of Queensland nut fruit quality |
| CN107926441A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-20 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of Queensland nut implantation methods |
| CN108718881A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-02 | 贵州卡农云服务有限公司 | A kind of Queensland nut selenium-rich high-yield planting method |
| CN108967010A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-11 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of Queensland nut wind resistance cultural method |
| CN108925402A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-04 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Application of the oil palm kind shell in oil palm seedling |
| CN112602545A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-04-06 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Method for improving soil microorganisms of macadamia root system |
| CN113519337A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-10-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Planting technology for interplanting potatoes and sweet potatoes in young macadimia nuts in subtropical regions |
| CN114766273B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-05-05 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Light-weight-based macadimia nut seedling raising method |
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| CN2599922Y (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-01-21 | 国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心[天津] | Bag for covernig fruit |
| CN103053316A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-04-24 | 岑溪市信畅坚果开发有限公司 | Macadimia nut planting method |
| CN103518586B (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-08-05 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultivation mode of macadamia nut transplanting big tree |
| CN104719073B (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2017-12-12 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Queensland nut drought-resistant cultivating hole kind method |
| CN105052656A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-18 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Macadamia seedling cultivation method |
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