CN105283214A - 平移导管、系统及其使用方法 - Google Patents

平移导管、系统及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN105283214A
CN105283214A CN201480028515.0A CN201480028515A CN105283214A CN 105283214 A CN105283214 A CN 105283214A CN 201480028515 A CN201480028515 A CN 201480028515A CN 105283214 A CN105283214 A CN 105283214A
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CN105283214B (zh
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J·古德温
M·萨瑟兰
M·豪斯
R·莫里尔
M·吉蒙德
C·李
K·库图利
N·杜
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Beijing caditai Medical Device Technology Co., Ltd
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Mitralign Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2442Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
    • A61F2/2466Delivery devices therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0133Tip steering devices
    • A61M25/0147Tip steering devices with movable mechanical means, e.g. pull wires
    • A61M2025/015Details of the distal fixation of the movable mechanical means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M2025/018Catheters having a lateral opening for guiding elongated means lateral to the catheter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0133Tip steering devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0133Tip steering devices
    • A61M25/0147Tip steering devices with movable mechanical means, e.g. pull wires
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/09Guide wires
    • A61M25/09041Mechanisms for insertion of guide wires

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

本教导一般性地涉及平移导管系统及其在治疗有缺陷的二尖瓣中的使用方法。特别地,平移导管系统包括被配置成沿着二尖瓣环基本上侧向地移动的导管,导管的侧向移动基本上连续并且基本上可调节。因此,使用这样的平移导管的方法包括使第一丝前进并且在第一处理位置穿过二尖瓣环,将导管递送到所述第一处理位置处或附近,使导管基本上侧向地移动到第二处理位置,以及使第二丝前进并且穿过所述二尖瓣环,其中所述第一处理位置和所述第二处理位置之间的距离基本上可以调节并且可选地可视化。

Description

平移导管、系统及其使用方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2013年3月15日提交的序列号61/786,373的美国专利申请的权益,其通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明一般性地涉及适合于以使其各自之间具有确定的距离的方式递送多个装置如导丝(guidewire)的递送导管系统。本发明还涉及能够使递送导管移动确定的距离的递送导管系统的平移机构(translationmechanism)。
背景技术
人心脏的左侧包括左心房(LA)和左心室(LV)。通过用于防止血液回流到左心室中的主动脉瓣,主动脉接受来自左心室的含氧血。二尖瓣位于左心房和左心室之间,并且允许含氧血从左心房到左心室的单向流动。
下文将详细描述的二尖瓣包括耦合到腱索的前小叶和后小叶。腱索充当“张紧构件”,防止二尖瓣的小叶运动超过其闭合点并且脱垂到左心房中。当心脏收缩期间左心室收缩时,腱索限制前小叶和后小叶向上运动(向左心房)超过前小叶和后小叶相遇并且密封的点,以防止从左心室到左心房的回流(“二尖瓣回流”或“二尖瓣机能不全”)。腱索起自心肉柱(columnaecarnae),或更具体地,心肉柱的肌肉乳头(musculipapillares)(乳头肌)。在本文的多个图中,为了清楚起见,单独删除了一些结构学特征。
二尖瓣的前小叶和后小叶通常是薄的柔性膜。当二尖瓣封闭时,前小叶和后小叶通常对齐并且沿着从其自由边缘向内数毫米的“接合线”彼此接触,以产生防止二尖瓣回流的密封。或者,当二尖瓣打开时,血液通过在前小叶和后小叶之间产生的开口向下流入左心室。
可能发生许多与二尖瓣有关的问题并且可能引起许多类型的疾病。这样的问题包括但不限于二尖瓣回流。二尖瓣回流或渗漏是由于二尖瓣的不完全封闭造成的血液从左心室回流到左心房中。即,渗漏通常发生在,于小叶本来应该于心脏收缩期间充分接合的时候,前小叶和后小叶却彼此不能相对密封并导致在前小叶和后小叶之间产生间隙的情况下。
通常,由于多种不同的原因,前小叶和后小叶之间可能存在相对显著的心脏收缩间隙。例如,可能由于先天畸形、由于缺血性疾病或由于心脏在之前的心脏病中受损而存在间隙。这样的间隙也可能在充血性心力衰竭如心肌病或造成心脏扩大的其他类型疾病时产生。心脏扩大可能导致二尖瓣环(mitralannulus)扩张(延伸)。这种扩大通常限于后瓣环并且与后小叶相关,因为前小叶是相对刚性的纤维结构。当后瓣环扩大时,造成后小叶离开前小叶,由于两个小叶不再适当地接合而在心脏收缩期间产生间隙。这导致血液通过瓣膜渗漏或回流。
血液通过二尖瓣渗漏通常造成心脏不能有效工作,这是因为心脏不仅通过主动脉向外泵送血液到身体中,还向回泵送(以二尖瓣回流的形式)到左心室中。因此,通过二尖瓣的渗漏或通常为二尖瓣机能不全通常被认为是充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的前驱,或者是心力衰竭逐渐恶化的原因。通常有与心力衰竭相关的不同症状水平。这些水平由纽约心脏协会(NewYorkHeartAssociation,NYHA)功能分类系统分类。水平从1类水平到4类水平,1类水平与基本不具有体力限制的无症状患者相关,4类水平与无法在不具任何不适的情况下进行任何体力活动并且即使在休息时也具有心机能不全的症状的患者相关。通常,如果能够降低患者的NYHA分类等级,则对二尖瓣渗漏的程度的矫正或降低是成功的。例如,具有4类等级的患者的等级可以降低到3类或2类,因此在休息时或甚至缓和的身体活动期间相对舒适。通过消除血液流回左心房,降低二尖瓣机能不全的治疗降低了心脏的工作负荷,并且可以防止或减慢心脏功能的退化和充血性心力衰竭症状(这是在显著程度的二尖瓣机能不全依然未被矫正时常见的)。
用于矫正二尖瓣渗漏(更特别是CHF)的治疗通常是高侵入性的打开心脏的手术程序。在极端情况下,这可能包括在患有心力衰竭的患者体内植入心室辅助装置,例如人工心脏。心室辅助装置的植入通常昂贵,并且具有心室辅助装置的患者必须进行长期的抗凝血治疗。抗凝血治疗降低了在例如心室辅助装置中形成血凝块的风险。降低与心室辅助装置相关的血凝块的风险是期望的,但是抗凝血治疗可能增加患者中不受控制的出血(例如由于跌落)的风险。
除了心室辅助装置,在有些情况下,例如在心搏以特定的异步方式无效率的情况下,可以植入类似于起搏器的双心室起搏装置。尽管双心室起搏装置的植入可能有效,但是并非所有心脏病患者都适合于接受双心室起搏。此外,双心室起搏装置的植入昂贵,并且在显著降低或消除二尖瓣回流的程度上通常无效。
意在矫正二尖瓣渗漏的打开心脏的手术程序特别地可能涉及植入替代品瓣膜。可使用来自动物(例如,猪)的瓣膜替换人的二尖瓣。尽管猪瓣膜作为二尖瓣的替代品可能相对成功,但是这样的替代品瓣膜通常会磨损,从而在日后需要额外的开放手术。机械瓣膜不太可能被磨碎,也可用于替换渗漏的二尖瓣。但是,当植入机械瓣膜时,血栓栓塞的风险增加,并且患者通常需要进行长期的抗凝血治疗。
一种侵入性较小的手术程序涉及与孔口进入程序相关的心脏搭桥手术。与分开胸骨以打开患者的整个胸部不同,对于孔口进入程序,可以通过在肋骨之间切口或有时候通过移除一个或更多个肋骨的一部分来进入心脏。
在矫正二尖瓣渗漏以及另外二尖瓣回流中特别成功的一种打开心脏的手术程序是瓣环成形术程序。在瓣环成形术程序中,可以通过手术将医疗装置如瓣环成形术环(annuloplastyring)植入到二尖瓣环的左心室一侧(即,通常为二尖瓣的基部在心脏上的附接位置处)。装置将扩张的二尖瓣环减小到相对正常的大小,并且特别地,将后小叶向靠近前小叶移动以有助于前后小叶接合并因此提高心脏收缩期间二尖瓣封闭的质量。瓣环成形术环通常成型为基本类似于字母“D”以符合从上向下观察时二尖瓣的自然形状。通常,环由具有DACRON网眼覆盖物的生物相容性材料如塑料的杆或管形成。
为了植入瓣环成形术环,医生通常通过手术将瓣环成形术环在二尖瓣的心室侧连接到二尖瓣上。用于安装环的常规方法需要单开心脏的手术,其涉及打开患者的胸骨并且将患者置于心脏旁路机上。将瓣环成形术环缝合到二尖瓣的上部。在瓣环成形术环缝合到二尖瓣上时,医生通常将“D”的直线侧缝合到位于主动脉的后壁和前二瓣膜小叶的基部之间的接合处的纤维组织上。随着环(ring)的弯曲部缝合到瓣环(annulus)的后部,与从瓣环成形术环的织物覆盖物获得相对较小的咬合相比,医生使用针和线从二尖瓣环交替获得相对大量的组织,例如八分之一英寸组织咬合。一旦线将瓣环成形术环与二尖瓣环组织松散地耦合在一起,瓣环成形术环慢慢与二尖瓣环接触。通过具有缝合线或线的瓣环成形术环施加的张力,后二尖瓣环的之前由于例如心脏扩大而伸展的组织的周长被有效减小并且向前拉向前二尖瓣小叶。结果,可以减小并且在许多情况下甚至基本封闭在心室收缩或心脏收缩期间前小叶和后小叶之间的间隙,从而显著降低或甚至消除二尖瓣机能不全。在二尖瓣通过环而具有适当形状后,通常通过向前拉后小叶以与前小叶适当接触并且产生新的接触线来矫正前小叶和后小叶,其将能够使二尖瓣出现并且适当工作。
尽管接受瓣环成形术环的患者可能经受抗凝血治疗,但是治疗并不广泛,因为患者只进行治疗约数星期,例如直至组织长满瓣环成形术环。
另一种通常有效减少与瓣膜小叶脱垂相关的二尖瓣渗漏的程序类型涉及在二尖瓣中进行与前小叶和后小叶的中部相对的单个边到边(edge-to-edge)缝合。例如,在Alfieri缝合或蝴蝶结修复程序中,在二尖瓣的前小叶和后小叶之间的间隙接近中央处进行边对边缝合。一旦缝合线在前小叶和后小叶之间的适当位置,将其拉紧以形成保持前小叶靠着后小叶的缝合。
另一种减少二尖瓣渗漏的手术程序涉及沿着围绕后小叶的二尖瓣环缝合。这些缝合可以形成双线,例如来自缝合材料的单股的两个“行”。将缝合线在后小叶的近似中央点处打结。纱布通常放置在所选择结构下方以防止缝合线撕裂环。当缝合线被拉紧并且打结,瓣环的周长可有效减少到期望大小,例如可以减少前小叶和后小叶之间心脏收缩间隙。
虽然已经证明侵入性手术程序对于治疗二尖瓣渗漏有效,但是侵入性手术程序通常具有显著的缺点。在任何时候患者经受打开心脏的手术时,都有感染的风险。打开胸骨以及使用心肺旁路机已被发现导致短期和长期神经功能缺陷二者的显著缺陷。此外,考虑到打开心脏的手术的复杂性以及显著相关的恢复时间,CHF症状未造成极大不便的人,例如1类等级的人可以选择不进行矫正手术。此外,需要打开心脏的手术的人(最常见例如4类等级的人)可能过于体弱或虚弱而不能进行手术。因此,许多可能受益于手术修复的二尖瓣的人可能不进行手术。
在另一种方法中,使用导管系统将系紧装置(cinchingdevice)放置到冠状窦(CS)中,并且使远端、中端和近端锚在CS的腔内,以允许通过CS使二尖瓣环褶皱。在实践中,通过拉柔性抗拉构件如线缆或缝合线来使这些锚收紧在一起并且缩短它们之间的距离,其目的是以类似于瓣环成形术程序的方式缩短瓣环并且将后小叶拉近前小叶。不幸的是,由于CS的组织相对柔弱,在收紧过程中锚易于撕裂组织。另外,当特定患者的CS未与二尖瓣直接对齐时,对二尖瓣的影响可能降低。提议了另一些微创技术,但是具有多个与基于导管之实施的效果和/或精确度相关的缺点。
基于导管的手术程序已用于修复缺陷的二尖瓣。特别地,锚固定在分布于二尖瓣后小叶附近的瓣环周围的多个位置。每个锚具有连接于其上的缝合线。缝合线共同地聚集并且拉紧。在拉缝合线时,每对相邻锚之间的组织打褶皱,从而缩短瓣环的长度并且将后小叶牵引向前小叶。类似技术还可同于修复缺陷的三尖瓣。
在手术程序中,通常顺序地引入锚并且固定。通过使用基于导管的手术程序的典型修复涉及包括以下步骤的顺序:引入导管到接近于瓣环,在瓣环上制造切口,通过切口引入导丝,取出导管,通过导丝追踪第二导管来引入锚,将锚固定在瓣环上,以及取出第二导管。重复该顺序以固定第二锚。
已经公开了能够递送多个导丝或锚的导管。美国专利申请公开No.2008-0228265公开了三内腔(lumen)导管,但不要求详尽地检查现有技术参考文献并且不需要尝试表征任何现有技术参考文献。但是,三个内腔中的两个之间的距离是通常固定的。此外,在展开时,两个外导管通常沿长度以及侧向前进。在某些情况下,两个外导管中的一个或两个在展开期间被腱索陷入。
通常需要改进导管,以简化基于导管的二尖瓣矫正。
发明内容
本教导的一个方面一般性地涉及平移导管系统。所述导管系统包括:被配置成定位在第一位置的第一丝,被配置成定位在第二位置的第二导管,被配置成使第二导管以基本线性的方式从第一位置移动到第二位置的平移元件。用第一导管定位第一丝。平移元件与第一导管和第二导管可操作地连接。
在本教导的一个方面,导管系统的平移元件是系链(tether)。所述系链包括自由端,所述自由端卷绕在第一导管和第二导管中的一个上。在本教导的一个方面,系链包括固定端和所述固定端。所述固定端与第一导管和第二导管中的一个连接,自由端延伸到另一个导管的腔内。
在本教导的另一个方面,导管系统的平移元件是由至少两段形成的杆。在本教导的另一个方面,导管系统的平移元件包括被配置成追踪第一丝的锚,以及系链。所述系链具有近端和远端,其中所述系链的远端与所述锚连接。
在本教导的一个方面,第一导管和第二导管的远端部分相连。在本教导的一个方面,第二导管是柔性的。在本教导的一个方面,第二导管包括至少一个侧孔。在本教导的一个方面,第一位置与第二位置之间的距离可调节。
本教导另一个方面一般性地涉及平移导管系统,其中平移导管系统具有:被配置成定位在第一处理位置的第一导管;被配置成定位在第二处理位置的第二导管;以及与所述第一导管和第二导管可操作地连接的平移机构。在本教导的一个方面,平移机构被配置成允许第二导管侧向离开所述第一导管任何距离。
本教导的另一个方面一般性地涉及平移导管系统,其中平移导管系统具有:被配置成定位在第一处理位置的第一导丝;被配置成跟踪第一导丝的跟踪锚;被配置成定位在第二处理位置的第二导管;以及具有近端和远端的系链。系链的远端与追踪锚连接,并且系链的近端延伸穿过第二导管的中央内腔。
本教导的另一个方面一般性地涉及平移导管系统,其中平移导管系统具有:被配置成定位在第一处理位置的第一导管;被配置成定位在第二处理位置的第二导管;以及具有近端和远端的系链。系链的远端与第一导管连接,并且系链的近端延伸穿过第二导管的中央腔。
本教导的另一个方面一般性地涉及平移导管系统,其中平移导管系统具有:第一导管,包括被配置成定位在第一处理位置的远端;第二导管,包括被配置成定位在第二处理位置的远端;以及连接第一导管的远端和第二导管的远端的连杆。所述连杆具有至少两段,其中所述段之间具有至少一个枢轴。
本教导的另一个方面一般性地涉及平移导管系统,其中平移导管系统具有:第一导管,包括被配置成定位在第一处理位置的远端;和第二导管,包括被配置成定位在第二处理位置的远端。第二导管被配置成在一个方向上可弯曲,并且第一导管和第二导管的远端彼此连接。
附图简述
图1是根据本教导的示例性丝递送导管的透视图;
图2是根据本教导的穿过组织展开的示例性丝的透视图;
图3A至D是根据本发明的平移导管系统的透视图;
图4A至D是根据本发明的平移导管系统的透视图;
图5A至B是根据本发明的平移导管系统的透视图;
图5C是示出了侧孔的导管一部分的特写侧视图;
图6A至6B是根据本教导的平移导管系统的透视图;
图7A至7B是根据本教导的平移导管系统的透视图;
图8是根据本教导的平移导管系统的透视图;
图9是根据本教导的平移导管系统的透视图;
图10a是根据本教导的平移导管系统的远端的透视图;
图10b用于平移导管系统的一对可导向的丝的透视图;
图10c是示出了用于平移导管系统的平移杆组件的透视图;以及
图10d是平移导管系统的远端的透视图。
具体实施方式
以下描述和附图中给出了某些具体细节以提供对本教导多个实施方案的理解。相关领域技术人员将理解,可以实践本教导其他实施方案而没有一个或更多个本文所述细节。因此,本申请人并未意在将所附权利要求的范围约束或以任何方式限制在这样的细节。尽管关于以下公开内容中的步骤和顺序描述了多个方法,但是所述步骤和步骤的顺序不应被认为对于实践本教导的全部实施方案是必要的。
本文使用的术语“对象”和“患者”是指动物,例如哺乳动物,如家畜、宠物,并且优选人。“对象”和“患者”的具体实例包括但不限于需要医疗辅助,特别是需要治疗心力衰竭的症状的个体。
本文使用的术语“内腔”意指对象身体内的管道、导管、通常管状的空间或腔室,包括静脉、动脉、血管、毛细血管、肠等。术语“内腔”还指到装置中的导管、护套等内的管状空间。
本文使用的术语“近端”意指接近于操作者(较少进入身体),“远端”应意指远离操作者(进一步进入身体)。在从下游进入点放置医疗装置时,远端在更上游并且在近端更下游。
尽管上述描述涉及,术语“系链”意指张紧构件,其可以是缝合线、丝、链、绳、纤维、纱、细丝、线缆、线等的形式。因此,所有这些术语基本可以互换并且将进一步包括其中丝、线、缝合线或细丝是中空管或导管以允许另一丝(根据需要)穿过其纵轴的实施方案。每个系链、丝、线、缝合线和细丝可以包括一个或多个系链、丝、线、缝合线。用于制备这样的系链的材料可以是具有用于预期用途的合适的高抗拉强度的柔性、半刚性或刚性材料。
本文使用的术语“导管”或“护套”包括能够穿透身体组织或间隙腔并且提供用于选择性注射溶液或气体的管道的任何中空工具。术语“导管”或“护套”还意在包括能够充当用于一种或多种切除、可膨胀或传感元件的管道的任何细长体。特别地,在同轴工具的情况下,术语“导管”或“护套”可以包括外导管体或护套或者能够通过这样的护套引入的其他工具。术语“导管”的使用应解释为不仅指单个工具,而是用于包括单个和多个工具两种情况,包括同轴、嵌套和其他串联布置。此外,术语“护套”或“导管”有时候可互换使用以描述具有至少一个仪器或治疗形式可以通过的内腔的导管。
除非另有说明,否则说明书和权利要求书中使用的表达量、测量和其他特性或参数的所有数字应理解为在所有情况下均被术语“约”修饰。因此,除非另有说明,否则应理解以下说明书和权利要求书中给出的所有数值参数是近似值。至少,并且不试图将等同原则的应用限于权利要求的范围,各数值参数应该按照报道的有效数字的数值并采用寻常的舍入技术来解释。
本教导的一个方面提供了递送导管系统,用于以多个导丝之间受控的距离,递送多个导丝穿过二尖瓣。在多个实施方案中,递送导管系统具有一个导管和允许导管移动到第二位置的平移机构,即在程序(procedure,手术)期间从第一位置平移由临床医生预定或确定的距离。在一些实施方案中,递送导管系统包括两个导管和平移机构,该平移机构允许至少一个导管按由临床医生预定或确定的距离移离另一导管。在一些实施方案中,第一位置和第二位置之间的距离或平移后的第一导管和第二导管之间的距离在1mm至40mm的范围内。在一些实施方案中,递送导管系统的平移机构包括系链、梭子、追踪元件、丝、线圈、具有枢轴的连杆或其组合。在一些实施方案中,平移是远端-侧向。在一些实施方案中,平移是连续的。在另一些实施方案中,平移是逐步的。在一些实施方案中,平移的距离可调节。在另一些实施方案中,平移的距离是预定的。
本教导另一个方面的提供了将平移导管系统递送到二尖瓣处或附近的第一位置,将平移导管系统平移到二尖瓣处或附近的第二位置的方法。在多个实施方案中,两个位置之间的距离受临床医生的控制。在多个实施方案中,所述方法包括使第一递送导管前进到二尖瓣环处或附近的第一位置,使丝在该第一位置处穿过二尖瓣环,将第一导管平移到二尖瓣处环或附近的第二位置,使第二丝在第二位置处穿过二尖瓣环。在多个实施方案中,所述方法包括使第一递送导管前进到二尖瓣环处或附近的第一位置,使丝在该第一位置处穿过二尖瓣环,将第二导管平移到二尖瓣环处或附近的第二位置,使使第二丝在第二位置处穿过二尖瓣环。
以下描述涉及图1至9。本领域技术人员将理解,附图及其描述涉及本教导的多个实施方案,并且上下文另有说明,否则并不限制所附权利要求的范围。
图1A至B示出了被递送穿过二尖瓣环的导丝。根据本教导的一个实施方案,将递送护套(未示出)引导到主动脉中,穿过主动脉瓣,并且进入左心室并且在腱索之间。递送护套(未示出)用作管道以递送第一丝递送导管(10)到治疗部位。本领域技术人员将理解,第一丝递送管道(10)可以在不没有递送护套的情况下前进到治疗位置。
图1示出了示例性递送根据本教导的第一丝递送导管(10)到二尖瓣环(2)相邻或附近的所选择位置。在一些实施方案,第一导管(10)通过递送护套(未示出)的纵向内腔前进并且放置在二尖瓣环(2)下方。在某些实施方案中,第一导管(10)具有保留在身体外部的近端部分(未示出),远端(12),近端部分和远端部分之间的细长体(14),以及细长体内的中央内腔(16)。在一些实施方案中,第一导管(10)的远端可以转动、旋转或偏转。第一导管(10)的可偏转能力或可导向能力允许临床医生从身体外部操作第一导管(10)的远端(12)并且使其前进到靠近瓣环(2)的第一位置(4)。可导向并且可偏转的导管的设计和构建是本领域技术人员周知的。
在一些实施方案中,第一导管(10)的远端(12)包括不透射线和/或回声的标记以使得可以通过使用射线成像装置如x射线、磁共振、超声波或荧光检查技术来使装置可视化。
图2示出了本教导的一个实例,其中第一丝(20)从第一导管(10)的内腔(16)中伸出并且刺穿瓣环(2)。在多个实施方案中,第一丝(20)还包括近端(未示出)、远端(22)和细长体(24)。在一些实施方案中,第一丝(20)被配置成在第一导管(10)的内腔(16)的内部滑动。在一些实施方案中,第一丝(20)被配置成在内腔(16)内旋转。
在多个实施方案中,第一丝(20)具有递送剖面(deliveryprofile),其中第一丝(20)的远端(22)设置在第一导管(10)的内腔(16)内部。在一些实施方案中,当第一丝(20)的远端(22)设置在导管(12)的内腔(16)内时,整个第一丝(20)基本为直线并且平行于第一导管(10)的纵轴。在一些实施方案中,当第一丝(20)的远端(22)向远端延伸到第一导管(10)的内腔(16)的外部时,第一丝(20)具有展开的轮廓,如图2所示。在某些实施方案中,随着第一丝(20)的远端延伸到第一导管(10)的外部,远端部分(22)变成曲线轮廓。并未意在限制本教导的范围,这样的曲线轮廓可以防止第一丝在左心房内造成不必要的组织损伤。
在多个实施方案中,第一丝(20)预载到第一导管(10)的内腔(16)内。在多个另外的实施方案中,在第一导管(10)被放置到治疗位置后使第一丝(20)前进。
在多个实施方案中,在第一丝(20)刺穿并穿过瓣环(2)之前,第一丝递送导管(10)通常垂直于瓣环(2)。一旦第一导管(10)适当定位后,临床医生向远端延伸第一丝(20)以使得第一丝(20)的远端尖部(26)在第一位置(4)处刺穿并穿过瓣环(2)。在一些实施方案中,施加射频能量以辅助第一组织刺穿丝(20)的远端尖部(26)刺穿并穿过瓣环(2)并且到达左心室。为了确定何时停止丝(20)的远端延伸力,在一些实施方案中,第一丝(20)上的反作用力的改变表明瓣环(2)被刺穿或第一丝(20)的远端尖部(26)到达左心室的侧壁。或者,可以使用可视化技术,包括三维超声心动图、荧光检查或磁共振成像技术。
图3A至3D示出了根据本教导的可平移导管系统的多个实施方案。图3A示出了本教导的一个实施方案,其中第二丝(40)刺穿瓣环(2)。在多个实施方案中,当第一丝(20)穿过瓣环(2)放置时,将第一导管(10)向近端缩回并且取出,追踪元件(52)在第一丝(20)上从其近端滑动。在一些实施方案中,追踪元件(52)具有环、梭子或另外的形状(例如包括内腔)以使得追踪元件(52)可以沿着第一丝(20)从近端向远端(22,图2)或从远端(22,图2)向近端(未示出)自由滑动或者以受控的方式滑动。
如图3A中所示,追踪元件(52)系于第二丝递送导管(30)。类似于第一丝递送到管(10),第二丝递送导管(30)包括近端(保留在体外,未示出)、在瓣环(2)处或附近的远端(34)、近端和远端之间的细长体(36),以及延伸穿过细长体(36)的中央内腔(32)。同样地,临床医生可以操作第二丝递送导管(30)到瓣环(2)附近的第二位置。
进一步参见图3A,第二丝(40)从第二导管(30)的内腔(32)伸出并且穿过瓣环(2)。在多个实施方案中,第二丝(40)包括近端(未示出)、远端(42)和细长体(44)。本领域技术人员将理解,第一丝和第二丝可以具有相同的形状、尺寸和/或结构或者不同的形状、尺寸和/或结构。因此,本文描述的不应解释为限制本教导的范围。
在图3A中所示的示例性实施方案中,第二导管(30)包括侧孔(38)。系链(50)从跟踪元件(52)伸出,进入侧孔(38),在第二导管(30)的内腔(32)内部向近侧延伸,并且离开身体出口。在多个实施方案中,临床医生控制系链的近端。例如,临床医生可以拉紧系链(50),例如,通过从近端拉系链(50),以使得第二导管(30)的远端(34)被拉到与第一丝(20)相邻。或者,例如,临床医生可以松开系链(50),例如通过向远端延伸系链(50),使得第二导管(30)的远端(34)远离第一丝(20),如图3A中所示。系链50的长度控制第二导管(30)的远端(34)和第一丝(20)之间的距离。
为了递送丝(40)穿过瓣环(2),临床医生滑动第一丝(20)的近端上的追踪元件(52)并且固定系链(50)到追踪元件上。系链(50)和追踪元件(52)装载在第二递送导管(30)内部。通过拉紧系链(50),第二导管(30)的远端(34)保持紧密靠近第一丝(20)。可选地设置在递送护套(8)的内部的追踪元件(52)和第二导管(30)沿着第一丝(20)追踪并且向远端延伸。一旦第二导管(30)的远端(34)达到瓣环(2)的第一位置(4)处或附近,松开系链(50)并且将第二导管(30)导向离开瓣环(2)的第一位置(4)到瓣环(2)的第二位置(6)。在一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移是侧向。在另一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移是连续的。在另一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置的平移距离可调节。
在多个实施方案中,在第二丝(40)刺穿瓣环(2)之前,第二丝递送导管(30)通常垂直于瓣环(2)。以与结合图2描述的那些类似的方式,第二丝(40)向远端前进并且在第二位置(6)刺穿并穿过瓣环(2)。
在一些实施方案中,在将第二导管从第一位置导向至第二位置的整个过程中,第二导管(30)的远端(34)保持靠近瓣环(2)。未意在限制本教导的范围,这样的侧向移动避免了第二导管的远端被左心室中的组织陷入、阻碍或套住,并允许第二导管(30)推挤开在平移路径上的任何解剖学结构(anatomy)。在一些实施方案中,在将第二导管的远端(34)从第一位置导向至第二位置的整个过程,第二导管(30)的远端(34)保持靠近瓣环(2)。
在一些实施方案中,临床医生通过控制第二导管的远端和第一丝之间的系链(50)的长度来控制第一位置和第二位置(4,6)之间的距离。根据一些实施方案,图3A中所示的这样的机制允许第二导管(30)的连续平移以及两个处理位置(4,6)之间的可调节距离。类似于结合图2所描述的,第二丝40可以向远端前进穿过二尖瓣环(2)。
在一些实施方案中,在第二导管(30)递送期间,使用递送护套(8),如图3A中所示。在一个实施方案中,递送护套(8)具有单内腔,其中封闭有第一丝(20)、追踪元件(52)和第二导管(30)和系链(50)。
在一个实施方案中,系链(50)从追踪元件(52)伸出,进入第二导管(30)的侧孔(38),沿着第二导管(30)的中央内腔(32)向近端延伸,并且离开身体,如图3A中所示。在另一个实施方案中,系链(50)从追踪元件(52)伸出,进入第二导管(30)的远端(34),沿着第二导管(30)的中央内腔(32)向近端延伸,并且离开身体,如图3B中所示。在再一个实施方案中,系链(50)从追踪元件(52)伸出,进入第二导管(30)的远端(34),沿着第二导管(30)的中央内腔(32)向近端延伸,离开第二导管(30)的侧孔(38),并且沿着第二导管(30)的外部进一步向近端延伸,如图3C中所示。
在一个实施方案中,第一丝递送导管(10)和第二丝递送导管(30)不同,其中第一导管(10)不具有任何带有系链(50)的附加机构,但是第二导管(30)具有。在另一个实施方案中,第一丝递送导管(10)和第二丝递送导管(30)相同。在后一实施方案中,使用可附接/可拆卸追踪系统(60)将第一导管变换为系上的第二导管。如图3D中所示,可附接/可拆卸追踪系统(60)包括两个追踪锚(62,64)。追踪锚(62,64)具有轴向内腔,分别用于在第一丝(20)上滑动以及引导第二丝(40)。在一个实施方案中,当追踪锚(64)与第二导管(30)的远端连接时,追踪元件(64)的内腔和第二导管(30)的内腔(32)形成连续管道用于第二丝(40)通过。
在一个实施方案中,如图3D中所示,至少一个系链(66)连接两个追踪锚(62,64)。在一个实施方案中,连接两个追踪锚(62,64)的系链(66)具有固定的长度,其中系链(66)的一端固定到一个追踪锚(62),并且系链(66)的另一端固定到另一追踪锚(64)。因此,第二导管(30)的平移距离以及因此两个处理位置(4,6)之间的距离由系链(66)的长度预先确定。
在另一个实施方案中,系链(66)的一端固定化到在第一丝(20)上滑动的一个追踪元件(62),系链(66)的另一端以结合图3A至3C描述的那些类似的方式进入另一追踪锚(64)。因此,第二导管(30)的平移可以是连续的和可调的,类似于本文描述的那些。
在多个实施方案中,第二导管和系链中的至少一个包括不透射线的标记或者部分地或完全地由不透射线的材料制成。通过使用可视化技术,包括多种超声波、x射线、荧光检测或磁共振成像技术,临床医生可以使用标记来显示第一导管、第二导管和/或系链在解剖结构中的位置。临床医生还可以使用标记来确定第二导管的平移距离或两个处理位置之间的距离。在一个示例性实施方案中,系链可具有多个标记,其指示平移距离,并且允许临床医生控制两个位置之间的距离。
图4A至4D示出了根据本教导的可平移导管系统的多个实施方案。在一些实施方案中,如图4B中所示,第一导管和第二导管(10,30)在其远端(12,34)通过系链(50)以与结合图3A-3C描述的那些相同或类似的方式可操作地连接在一起。可选地,第一导管和第二导管(10,30)在沿着导管体的其他位置彼此可操作得连接在一起。
参见图4A,在一些实施方案中,在系链(50)被拉紧并且两个导管(10,30)的远端(12,34)保持彼此紧挨的同时第一导管(10)和第二导管(30)被一起递送到二尖瓣环(2)。在某些实施方案中,两个导管(10,30)中的一个可导向和可偏转,第一导管和第二导管(10,30)中的一个的可导向能力和/或可偏转能力允许临床医生将第一导管(10)的远端(12)前进到瓣环(2)上的第一位置(4)。在一些具体实施方案中,第二导管(30)可导向和可偏转,并且两个导管(10,30)以这样的方式连接:通过导向第二导管(30)将两个导管(10,30)推进到第一处理位置(4)。在第一丝递送导管在处理位置(4)处通常保持垂直于瓣环(2)的情况下,第一丝(20)以与结合图2描述的那些类似的方式前进穿过瓣环(2)。
在多个实施方案中,通过系链机构将第二导管(30)连续并且可调地平移离开第一导管(10)。现在参见图4B,在保持第一丝在适当位置的同时,临床医生通过例如将系链(50)向远端延伸来放松系链以允许操作第二导管(30)的远端(34)离开第一导管(10),如图4B中所示。未意在限制本教导的范围,这样的侧向移动避免了第二导管的远端被左心室的组织陷入、阻碍或套住,并且允许第二导管(30)推开平移路径上的任何解剖结构。在一些实施方案中,在将其远端从第一位置导向至第二位置的整个时间中第二导管(30)的远端(34)保持靠近瓣环(2)。在一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置的平移是侧向的。在另一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置的平移是连续的。在另一个实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置的平移距离可调节。
同样地,放松的系链(50)的长度决定了第二导管(30)和第一导管(10)之间的距离。根据一些实施方案,示出在图4A至4B中的这样的机构允许第二导管(30)的连续平移以及两个处理位置(4,6)之间的可调节距离。在第二丝递送导管在第二处理位置处基本保持基本垂直于瓣环(2)的同时,以与结合图2描述的那些类似的方式前进穿过瓣环(2)。
在一些实施方案中,为了保持第二导管(30)的远端(34)和瓣环(2)之间的通常垂直的位置,第二导管(30)包括靠近其远端的弯曲部分(68),如图4B中所示。在一个实施方案中,这样的弯曲部分(68)是预成形,并且在第二导管(30)的弯曲部分(68)不受系链(50)和/或护套(8)的约束时该弯曲部分(68)可弹性恢复成该预成形的弯曲。在另一个实施方案中,通过机械装置如通过缩短固定在第二导管的一部分上的另一系链(70)来产生这样的弯曲部分(68),如图4C中所示。本领域技术人员应理解还可以并入其他装置以实现这样的构型。因此,本文公开的特定实施方案不应解释为限制性的。
图4D示出了可平移导管系统的另一个实施方案,其中第二导管(30)被配置成沿着二尖瓣(2)的底表面滚动。在这样的一个实施方案中,系链(56)的远端固定在第二导管(30)的远端,系链(56)的另一端进入第一导管(10)的远端(12),沿着第一导管(10)的内腔(未示出)向近端延伸,并且离开身体。在一些实施方案中,系链(56)被配置成这样的方式,当临床医生在其近端推时,系链(56)的远端携带着第二导管(30)的远端(34)侧向地延伸离开第一处理位置(4),如图4D中所示。在一些实施方案中,如图4D中所示,护套(8)用于限制导管(30)的平移轮廓,以使得第二导管(30)的远端(34)和第二导管(30)的在护套(8)外部的部分沿着瓣环(2)的底表面运动并且基本免接触于瓣环下方的组织,如图4D中所示。未意在限制本教导的范围,第二导管(30)的远端的这样的侧向滚动运动避免了第二导管被左心室的组织陷入、阻碍或套住。在一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移是侧向的。在另一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移是连续的。在另一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置的平移可调节。在另一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)由弹性管制成以使得其可以不受约束的容易地弯曲和偏转。在一些实施方案中,在第二导管(30)的远端(34)到达第二处理位置(6)后,护套(8)向近端缩回以允许第二导管(30)形成更平缓的弯曲,类似于图4B中的弯曲部分(68),从而允许第二丝(40)刺穿并且穿过瓣环。根据一些实施方案,随着第二导管(30)的远端成为更平缓的端部,第二导管(30)推开平移路径中的任何解剖结构。
根据一些实施方案,可以向两个导管(10,30)之间的系链(50)的远端部分中并入刚性材料块以确保最小平移距离。在一个实施方案中,导管(10,30)中的一个被配置成铰接式(articulated)的。在另一个实施方案中,导管(10,30)二者被配置成铰接式的。
在许多实施方案中,第一导管和第二导管的设计、材料和/或构型可互换。具体地,例如,在本文描述的许多实施方案中,第一导管保持其基本直线的构型,同时将第二导管移开,并使其朝向第二处理位置。本领域中的技术人员将理解,同样可行的是具有这样的可平移递送导管系统,其中第二导管保持其直线轮廓,而导向第一导管以将第二导管推到第二处理位置。因此,结合第一导管和第二导管的部件或部分可互换,而不脱离本教导的文字或精神。在多个实施方案中,第一导管、第二导管和系链中的至少一个包括不透射线的标记或者部分地或完全地由不透射线的材料制成。通过使用可视化技术,包括多种超声波、x射线、荧光检测或磁共振成像技术)临床医生可以使用标记来显现第一导管、第二导管和/或系链在解剖结构中的位置。临床医生还可以使用标记来确定第二导管的平移距离或两个处理位置之间的距离。在一个示例性实施方案中,系链可具有多个标记,其指示平移距离,并且允许临床医生控制两个位置之间的距离。
图5A至5B示出了根据本教导的可平移导管系统的另一个实施方案。在图5B中示出的实施方案中,第一导管和第二导管(10,80)在其远端连接在一起(12,82),例如机械地、热学地或化学地。第一丝递送导管(10)具有与本文描述的那些相同或类似的构型。第二丝导管系统(80)包括近端(未示出)、远端(82)和具有中央内腔(86)的细长体(84),其中细长体从近端向远端延伸。在一些实施方案中,第二导管(80)包括沿着导管的纵向表面并且通常朝向第一导管(10)的多个第一侧孔(78)以及沿着导管的纵向表面并且从第一侧孔(78)通常穿过第二导管(80)的纵轴的多个第二侧孔(88),如图5A至5B中所示。在一些实施方案中,这样的构型(即,具有多个第一侧孔和第二侧孔(78,88))导致可弯曲第二导管(80),如图5B中所示。包括孔78和88的第二导管的一个实施方案示出在图5C中。本领域技术人员将理解,也可以使用其他设计来产生这样的“铰接”效果,因此本文公开内容不应解释为限制。
如图5A中所示,第一导管(10)和第二导管(80)在其远端(12,82)彼此连接并且其细长体(14,84)并排的情况下通过递送护套(8)的纵向内腔一起递送到靠近二尖瓣(2)的位置。在某些实施方案中,两个导管(10,80)中的一个可导向和可偏转,并且第一导管和第二导管(10,80)的可操作能力和可偏转能力允许临床医生将第一导管(10)的远端前进到瓣环(2)的第一位置(4)。在一些实施方案中,第二导管(80)的从第一位置(4)的平移是侧向的。在另一些实施方案中,第二导管(80)的从第一位置(4)的平移是连续的。在另一个实施方案中,第二导管(80)的从第一位置(4)的平移距离可调节。在一些实施方案中,第一导管(10)是可导向和/或可偏转的,使得临床医生可以精确地并且容易地操作第一导管(10)的远端(12)到瓣环(2)上的第一位置(4)。第一丝(20)向远端前进穿过瓣环(2),类似于结合图2中所描述的。
图5B示出了根据本教导的第二导管(80)的示例性平移。在保持第一丝(20)和第一导管(10)在适当位置的情况下,临床医生将第二导管(80)向远端延伸。由于第二导管(80)的远端(82)附接到第一导管(10)的远端(12)并且由于沿着第二导管(80)的细长体(84)的切割图案,第二导管(80)的远端部分(76)沿着瓣环(2)的底表面侧向向外滚动,如图5B中所示。未意在限制本教导的范围,第二导管(80)的远端部分的这种侧向滚动/弯曲运动避免了第二导管被左心室的组织陷入、阻碍或套住。此外,根据一些实施方案,随着第二导管(80)的远端平移到第二处理位置,第二导管(80)推开平移路径中的任何解剖结构。多个侧孔(88)形成了用于第二丝(40)的孔。第二丝(40)沿着第二导管(80)的内腔(86)向远端前进,离开第二导管(80)的侧孔(88),并且在第二处理位置(6)刺穿和穿过二尖瓣环(2)。同样地,第一导管(10)和第二导管(80)中的一个或两个可包括不透射线的标记或者部分地或完全地由不透射线的材料制成。在一些实施方案中,第二导管(80)的远端(76)具有多个不透射线的标记以指示平移距离并且允许临床医生控制两个处理位置之间的距离。
根据另一个实施方案,不是使第二丝(40)直接在第二导管(80)内延伸,而是使用第三丝递送导管来在第二导管(80)的内腔内部行进。
图6A至6B示出了根据本教导的另外的示例性可平移导管系统。在多个实施方案中,第一导管和第二导管(10,30)通过至少一个柔性铰链(hinge)(90)连接在一起。在一些实施方案中,铰链(90)一端固定于一个导管,例如第一导管(10),并且铰链(90)的另一端卷绕在另一个导管如第二导管(30)的远端。在一些实施方案中,铰链具有第一轮廓,其中铰链紧紧缠绕并且保持第一导管和第二导管(10,30)并排。在一些实施方案中,铰链具有第二轮廓,其中松开铰链(90)并且允许第二导管侧向地向外平移。
在一些实施方案中,铰链(90)为线圈、卷、盘(reel)、线轴等形状。在一些实施方案中,铰链(90)在其正常状态是封闭的、打开的或相对中性的。在另一些实施方案中,通过扭转一个导管的远端,铰链从一种轮廓变为另一种。在一些实施方案中,铰链(90)具有波状横截面以使得当卷绕第一导管和第二导管(10,30)的远端部分时平坦地靠在导管的纵向表面。在另一个实施方案中,当铰链的横截面拉直时,铰链变得有些刚性,类似于不锈钢卷尺的行为。在一些实施方案中,铰链(90)包括多个不透射线的标记,以使得临床医生可以显现平移距离并且控制两个处理位置之间的距离。
类似于本文中的那些描述,图6A示出了本教导的一个实施方案,其中第一导管(10)和第二导管(30)通过递送护套(8)的纵向内腔向二尖瓣(2)递送,其中远端(12,34)通过铰链(90)连接在一起并且其细长体(14,36)并排对齐。同样地,第一导管和第二导管的导向能力和/或偏转能力允许临床医生将第一导管(10)的远端(12)前进到瓣环(2)上的第一位置(4)。然后第一丝(20)向远端前进穿过瓣环(2),类似于本文描述的。
图6B示出了根据本教的第二导管的示例性平移。在保持第一丝(20)在适当位置并且第一导管(10)稳定的情况下,临床医生扭转第二导管(30)以放松铰链(90)并且使第二导管侧向地向外平移。在一些实施方案中,第二导管的这种侧向平移运动允许第二导管(30)推开或压制两个处理位置(4,6)之间可能的任何组织。在一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移是侧向的。在另一个实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移是连续的。在另一个实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移距离可调节。
在多个实施方案中,第一导管、第二导管和柔性铰链中的至少一个包括不透射线的标记或者部分地或完全地由不透射线的材料制成。通过使用可视化技术包括,包括多种超声波、x射线、荧光检测或磁共振成像技术,临床医生可以使用标记来显现第一导管、第二导管和/或铰链在解剖结构中的位置。临床医生还可使用标记来确定第二导管的平移距离或两个处理位置之间的距离。在一个示例性实施方案中,铰链可具有多个标记,其指示平移距离,并且允许临床医生控制两个位置之间的距离。
图7A至7B示出了额外的示例性可平移导管系统。在图7A至7B中示出的实施方案中,可平移导管系统包括具有第一导管(100)、第二导管(120)和第三导管(130)的三叉导管。第一导管(100)包括内部丝递送导管(102)和外部平移导管(104)。内部丝递送导管(102)可滑动地设置在外部平移导管(104)的轴向内腔内。在该特定实施方案中,内部丝递送导管(102)和外部平移导管(104)配置成彼此相对滑动。
在一些实施方案中,第二导管(120)和第一导管(100)的外部平移导管(104)在其远端通过至少一个连杆(140)可操作地连接。可选地,第三导管(130)和第一导管(100)的外部平移导管(104)在其远端通过至少一个连杆(140)可操作地连接。在一些实施方案中,在内部丝递送导管(102)保持稳定的情况下,外部平移导管(104)向远端前进造成连杆(140)将第二导管和第三导管(120,130)侧向地向外推动并且增加导管的远端之间的距离,如图7A中所示。在一些实施方案中,在内部丝递送导管(102)保持稳定的情况下,外部平移导管(104)向近端缩回造成连杆(140)侧向地向内拉动第二导管和第三导管(120,130)并且减少导管的远端之间的距离,如图7A中所示。
未意在限制本教导的范围,第二导管和第三导管(120,130)的远端部分的这种侧向移动避免第二导管和第三导管(120,130)被左心室的组织陷入、阻碍或套住。此外,根据一些实施方案,随着第二导管和第三导管(120,130)的远端部分向第二处理位置和第三处理位置平移,第二导管和第三导管(120,130)推开平移路径中的任何解剖结构。在一些实施方案中,第二导管和第三导管(120,130)从第一位置(4)的平移是侧向的。在另一些实施方案中,第二导管和第三导管(120,130)从第一位置(4)的平移是连续的。在另一个实施方案中,第二导管和第三导管(120,130)的平移距离可调节。
在一些实施方案中,第二导管(120)在第一导管(100)的一侧,第三导管(130)在第一导管(100)的另一侧。在一些实施方案中,第一导管(100)递送第一丝(142)在第一位置(4)处穿过二尖瓣环(2),第二导管(120)递送第二丝(144)在第二位置(6)处穿过二尖瓣环(2),并且第三导管(130)递送第三丝(146)在第三位置(5)处穿过二尖瓣环(2)。在一些实施方案中,所有三个丝(142,144,146)同时递送穿过瓣环(2)。在另一些实施方案中,第二丝和第三丝(144,146)同时递送穿过瓣环(2)。在另一些实施方案中,所有三个(142,144,146)按顺序递送穿过瓣环(2)。在某些实施方案中,首先第一丝(142)前进穿过瓣环(2),然后第二丝(144)前进穿过瓣环(2),而最后第三丝(146前进穿过瓣环。
在一些实施方案中,第一丝(142)以与结合图1至2描述的那些类似的方式通过单内腔丝递送导管(未示出)。在某些实施方案中,当第一丝(142)前进穿过瓣环(2)时,单内腔丝递送导管(未示出)向近端缩回并且从体内取出。在某些实施方案中,第一丝(142)的近端装载在可平移导管系统的第一导管(100)内,从内部丝递送导管(102)的远端伸出,沿着内部丝递送导管(102)的轴向内腔向近端行进并且从近端离开。外部平移导管(104)向近端缩回到其极限,造成第二导管和第三导管(120,130)的远端向靠近第一导管(100)的远端移动。该三叉可平移导管系统即全部三个导管(100,120,130)通过追踪第一丝和可选地在递送护套(8)的内腔内向远端朝着瓣环(2)前进。在另一些实施方案中,第一丝(142)通过三叉导管系统的第一导管(100)被置于瓣环(2)上的第一处理位置(4)。
图7A示出了根据本教导的第二导管和第三导管(120,130)的示例性平移。当三叉可平移导管系统的远端定位到靠近第一处理位置(4)时,护套向近端缩回以暴露三叉可平移导管系统的远端部分。在保持第一丝(20)在适当位置并且内部丝递送导管(102)稳定的情况下,临床医生向远端推动外部平移导管(104)以造成连杆(140)侧向地向外扩张和推第二和第三导管(120,130),如图7A中所示。在一个实施方案中,外部平移导管(104)推动得越远,第二导管和第三导管(120,130)越远离第一导管(100)。当第二导管和第三导管(120,130)分别到达第二处理位置和第三处理位置(5,6),第二丝和第三丝(144,146)前进穿过环(2),如图7B所示。
在一些实施方案中,第二导管和第三导管(120,130)的远端在平移过程中始终与第一导管(100)的远端平齐。即,所有三个导管的远端相同地接近于二尖瓣环(2)。因此,当第二导管和第三导管(120,130)侧向地向外平移时,其推开其路径上的任何组织。
根据本教导的一个实施方案,通过观察图7A中所示连杆(140)和内部丝递送导管(102)之间的角度“Θ”,临床医生可以观察并且控制实际平移距离。类似于本教导公开的多个实施方案,结合图7A至7B描述的实施方案还为临床医生提供了连续和可调节的导管平移。同样地,第二导管和第三导管的侧向平移运动允许导管(120,130)推开或压制第一处理位置(4)和第二处理位置(6)之间以及第一处理位置(4)和第三处理位置(5)之间的任何可能的组织结构。本领域技术人员将理解,尽管本文示出和描述了三叉导管系统,但是相同或类似的机制可应用于二叉导管系统,包括双导管系统。因此,本文描述的特定实施方案不应解释为限制性的。
图8示出了根据本教导的平移导管系统(200)的另一个实施方案,其中第一导管和第二导管通过分段的连杆连接。如图8中所示,第一导管(10)通过一个连杆(110)连接到第二导管(30)。所述至少一个连杆(110)包括至少两个段(112)和至少一个枢轴(114)。
在一些实施方案中,第一连杆(110)由丝制成,至少一个枢轴(114)由杆中的单或双线圈制成。在另一些实施方案中,通过切断或断开连杆(110)的至少一半横截面来取得至少一个枢轴(114),如图8中所示。本领域技术人员将理解,也可使用其他方法来在连杆上产生至少一个枢轴而不脱离本教导的文字和精神。因此,本文描述的特定实施方案不应解释为限制本教导的范围。
在一些实施方案中,如图8中所示,连杆(110)上的该至少一个枢轴(114)允许相邻段向近侧转动以使得该至少一个枢轴(114)处于连杆(110)上的至少一个段的远侧。在另一些实施方案中,连杆(110)上的该至少一个枢轴(114)允许相邻的端向远侧转动以使得该至少一个枢轴(114)处于连杆(110)上的至少一个段的近侧。
在多个实施方案中,与未分段连杆相比,分段的连杆(110)降低了平移期间第二导管(30)的远端侧向移动所需的空间。在另一些实施方案中,至少一个分段连杆(110)各自包括两个或更多个段。在另一个实施方案中,至少一个分段连杆(110)各自包括三个或更多个段(112)以及每对段之间的两个或更多个枢轴(114)。
图8示出了本教导的一个实施方案的示例性平移。在多个实施方案中,平移包括至少一个步骤。在一些实施方案中,在第一丝(20)在适当的位置并且第一导管稳定的情况下,将第二导管(30)向远端推以使得与第一导管连接的连杆(110)的段(112a)首先向远端摆动,如图8中所示。当第二导管(30)进一步向远端推动时,与第二导管(30)连接的连杆(110)的段(112b)向远端摆动,使得第二导管(30)到达第二处理位置。在一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移是向远端-侧向的。在其他实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移是逐步的。
图9示出了另一个示例性平移导管系统。在图9中所示的实施方案中,可平移导管系统包括二叉导管,其具有在其远端通过分段的连杆(150)可操作地连接的第一导管(10)、第二导管(30)。不同于结合图8所描述的实施方案,枢轴(154)是连杆(150)的所有段(152a,152b)的近端。在该特定实施方案中,在整个平移过程中第二导管(30)的远端始终与第一导管(10)的远端平齐,并且第一导管和第二导管(10,30)的远端基本相同地接近瓣环。
在一些实施方案中,在将第一丝(20)放在适当的位置并且第一导管(10)保持稳定后,临床医生将第二导管(30)的远端导向成侧向地离开第一导管(10)的远端,使连杆(150)变直。第二导管(30)的侧向移动推开或压制其路径上的任何组织,并且减少第二导管被组织陷入的可能性。
根据本教导的一个实施方案,通过观察两个段之间形成的角度,临床医生可以观察并且控制实际平移距离。类似于本教导所公开的多个实施方案,结合图9描述的实施方案还为临床医生提供了连续和可调节的导管平移,直到最大平移距离。在一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移是侧向的。在另一些实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移是连续的。在另一个实施方案中,第二导管(30)从第一位置(4)的平移距离可调节。本领域技术人员将理解,尽管本文说明和描述了二叉式导管系统,相同或类似的机制可应用于三叉式平移导管系统。因此,本文描述的特定实施方案不应解释为限制性的。第二导管(30)递送第二丝(40)在第二位置(6)处穿过二尖瓣环(2)。在另一些实施方案中,第一丝和第二丝(20,40)同时递送穿过瓣环(2),在另一些实施方案中,第一丝和第二丝(20,40)按顺序递送穿过瓣环(2)。
图10a至10d示出了本教导的另一个实施方案,其中二内腔平移导管系统(200)还被配置为可导向的。根据一些实施方案,可导向二内腔平移导管系统(200)包括可导向护套体(202),其具有远端部分(210)和近端(未示出)。可导向护套体(202)具有两个丝递送导管内腔(204,206),其从可导向护套体(202)的近端(未示出)向远端(212)延伸。图10示出了可导向护套体(202)的远端(210),其具有从护套体(202)的一个位置(216)一直向其远端(212)纵向延伸的侧槽(214)。槽(214)还从第二丝递送内腔(206)一直径向延伸到可导向护套体(202)的外部管状表面。槽(214)被大小设置和构型为允许第二丝递送导管(240)径向往外地枢轴转动至可导向护套体(202)外。根据一些实施方案,两个丝递送内腔(204,206)在可导向护套体(202)的纵向轴的每侧彼此对称。在另一个实施方案中,两个丝递送内腔(204,206)可以以适合于系统功能的任何其他方式布置。
根据本教导的一些实施方案,可导向护套(202)被配置成可导向的。如图10a中所示,可导向护套体(202)还具有被配制成容纳两个导向丝(216,220)的两个导向性的丝内腔(208,218)。类似于丝递送导管内腔(204,206),可导向丝内腔(208,218)还从可导向护套腔(202)的近端纵向地延伸到远端(212)。在一些实施方案中,两个可导向丝内腔(208,218)对称地排布在可导向护套体(202)的纵轴的每一侧。技术人员应理解,两个可导向丝内腔(208,218)可以以适合于设计目的的其他方式排布。
图10b示出了可导向二内腔平移导管系统(200)的可导向丝(216,220)的暴露图。根据一个实施方案,可导向丝(216,220)中的每一个具有被丝卷(224a,224b)卷绕的单纵向丝(222a,222b)的结构。丝卷(224a,224b)的远端和单纵向丝(222a,222b)的远端固定在一起,其也固定到可导向护套体(202)的远端(212)。丝卷(224a,224b)的近端固定到控制柄,单纵向丝(222a,222b)的近端被配置成在丝卷(224a,224b)的螺旋内部缩回。
根据一个实施方案,随着第一纵向丝(222a)的近端缩回,第一丝卷(224a)缩短,可导向护套体(202)的远端部分(210)向第一导向丝(216)所在的方向导向。在另一个实施方案中,随着第二纵向丝(222b)的近端缩回,第二丝卷(224b)缩短,可导向护套体(202)的远端部分(210)向第二导向丝(220)所在的方向导向。因此,通过导向第一纵向丝或第二纵向丝(216,220),可导向护套体(202)的远端(212)可以导向期望的方向。
根据一些实施方案,可导向二内腔平移导管系统(200)还包含两个丝递送导管(230,240),如图10a中所示。第一丝递送导管(230)被配置成可滑动地设置在第一纵向丝递送导管内腔(204)内。第二丝递送导管(240)被配置成可滑动地设置在第二纵向丝递送导管内腔(206)内。根据一些实施方案,丝递送导管(230,240)中的每一个还具有从其近端向其远端延伸的管状体。丝递送导管的纵向内腔还被配置成容纳与上文那些所述类似的组织刺穿丝。
根据一些实施方案,第二丝递送导管(240)被配置成侧向地平移到离开护套体(202)的第一距离。如上所述,第二丝递送导管可滑动地设置在第二纵向丝递送导管内腔(206)内。第二丝递送导管(240)的远端(244)在可导向护套体(202)的远端部分(210)处停留在槽(214)内,如图10a所示。
图10c示出了第二丝递送导管(240)的远端部分(244)的暴露图及其平移机制。在一些实施方案中,第二丝递送导管(240)的远端(242)连接到平移杆(250)。图10c示出了在两个位置连接到第二丝递送导管(240)的远端部分的两个平移杆(250a,250b)。本领域技术人员应理解,一个平移杆或超过两个平移杆可用于所述目的。本文示出的这样的示例性实施方案不应解释为限制性的。
图10c进一步示出了从可导向护套体(202)的远端(210)向其近端延伸的平移杆内腔(260)。平移杆(250)被配置成可滑动地设置在平移杆内腔(260)内。平移杆(250)的近端连接到手柄并且由临床医生从体外导向。如图10c中所示,平移杆内腔(260)的远端(262)止于并接近最短平移杆(250)的远端(252),因此无需处于可导向护套体(202)的远端。
根据本教导的一些实施方案,临床医生推动平移导管(250)的近端,然后平移导管(250)的远端(252)推动第二丝递送导管(240)的远端(242)。然后第二丝递送导管(240)的远端部分(244)被推动往可导向护套体(202)的槽(214)外部,并且连续地侧向地移动到第一位置,如图10d所示。根据一些实施方案,平移距离受临床医生推动平移杆(250)的量的控制。根据一些实施方案,如图10c中所示,平移杆(250)的远端部分(254)具有预弯,其被配置以确保随着第二丝递送导管(240)的远端部分(244)侧向移动,平移杆(250)保持直线。在另一个实施方案中,平移杆是(250)是扁丝带,如图10c中所示,其还被配置以确保随着第二丝递送导管(240)侧向移动时平移杆(250)保持直线。本领域技术人员应理解,平移杆应具有其他轮廓,例如台阶式或平滑外部,多边形和/或圆形横截面等。因此,不应将图10c中的示例性实施方案视为限制性的。
在一些实施方案中,平移杆(250)的远端(252)连接到第二丝递送导管(240)的远端(242)。在另一个实施方案中,平移杆(250)的远端(252)连接到沿着第二丝递送导管(240)的远端部分(244)的位置。在一些实施方案中,平移杆具有2至25mm的横截面尺寸,并且由镍钛合金制成。或者,平移杆可以有本领域技术人员已知的任何合适的材料制成。
根据一些实施方案,具有收缩在可导向护套体(202)的槽(214)内部的第二丝递送导管(240)的可导向二内腔平移导管系统(200)被一起递送到二尖瓣环。当需要时,临床医生通过拉导向丝(216,220)中的一个或两个,将可导向二内腔平移导管系统(200)的远端导向到期望位置。在第一丝递送导管(230)在第一处理位置(4)通常保持垂直于瓣环(2)的情况下,第一丝以结合图2描述的那些类似的方式前进穿过瓣环(2)。
在多个实施方案中,临床医生通过推动平移杆(250)来连续地和可调节地平移第二丝递送导管(240)离开丝递送导管(230)和可导向的二内腔平移导管系统(200)的远端部分(210)。
在第一丝保持在适当位置时,临床医生推动平移杆(250)以允许导向第二丝递送导管(240)的远端(242)使其侧向移离至可导向的二内腔平移导管系统(200)的槽(214)的外部。类似于上文描述的,未意在限制本教导的范围,这样的侧向移动避免了第二丝递送导管(240)的远端(242)被左心室中的组织陷入、阻碍或套住,并且允许第二丝递送导管(240)推开平移路径中的任何解剖结构。同样地,平移杆(250)的长度决定了第二丝递送导管(240)和第一丝递送导管(230)之间的距离。根据一些实施方案,在第二丝递送导管(240)在第二处理位置处保持基本垂直于瓣环(2)的情况下,第二组织刺穿丝以类似于结合图2描述的那些的方式前进穿过瓣环(2)。图10d示出了刺穿瓣环(2)的两个丝。根据一些实施方案,在丝递送导管位于处理位置后,组织刺穿丝在丝递送内腔的内部延伸到并且穿过环。根据一些实施方案,组织刺穿丝预负载在丝递送内腔内部,且然后,与容纳该组织刺穿丝的丝递送导管一起定位至处理位置。在一些实施方案中,当多个丝递送导管存在于处理位置时,多个组织刺穿丝同时延伸并且穿过环。在另一些实施方案中,当多个丝递送导管存在于处理位置时,多个组织刺穿丝按顺序延伸并且穿过环。
上文公开的平移导管系统(200)可用于递送多个丝穿过二尖瓣环。本领域技术人员还将认识到,根据本教导的平移导管系统可用于递送多个丝穿过三尖瓣环,或其他心脏组织。此外,根据本教导的平移导管系统(200)可用于递送组织锚或其他医疗植入物穿过心脏组织。
本文已经通过实施例说明和描述了多个实施方案,并且本领域技术人员将理解,可以进行改变而不脱离本教导的精神和范围。本教导具有其他实施方案并且以多种其他方式实践或实施。另外,应理解的是,本文使用的措辞和术语是用于描述的目的,而不应视为限制。
除非另有限定,否则本文中使用的所有技术和科学术语具有如本教导所述领域中技术人员通常理解的相同含义。类似于或等同于本文描述的那些的方法和材料可用于实践或测试本教导。在矛盾的情况下,以专利说明书(包括定义)为准。此外,材料、方法和实例仅是说明性的,而不是意在限制。

Claims (28)

1.一种导管系统,所述导管系统包括:
被配置成定位在第一位置的第一丝;
被配置成定位在第二位置并且可以在第一位点和第二位点之间移动的可平移导管,在所述第一位点时,所述可平移导管处于所述第一位置处或附近,在所述第二位点时,所述可平移导管处于所述第二位置处;以及
平移元件,被配置成在所述第一丝保留在所述第一位置的情况下使所述平移导管从所述第一位点以基本上线性的方法移动到所述第二位点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导管系统,其中所述第一丝设置在独立于所述可平移导管的另一导管中,其中所述第一丝和所述可平移导管二者以滑动的方式包含在形成于递送护套中的内腔内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的导管系统,其中所述平移元件可操作地连接所述另一导管和所述可平移导管,并且允许所述可平移导管从所述第一位点移动到所述第二位点以离开所述另一导管。
4.根据权利要求1所述的导管系统,其中所述平移元件包括系链,所述系链一端耦合于所述第一丝,穿过所述可平移导管并且是用户可接近的,以允许控制所述系链,从而使所述可平移导管在所述第一位点和所述第二位点之间移动。
5.根据权利要求2所述的导管系统,其中所述平移元件包括系链,所述系链具有卷绕于所述可平移导管和所述另一导管中的一个上的自由端。
6.根据权利要求2所述的导管系统,其中所述平移元件包括系链,所述系链具有连接于所述可平移导管和所述另一导管中的一个上的固定端。
7.根据权利要求6所述的导管系统,其中所述系链包括自由端,所述自由端延伸到所述可平移导管的内腔中并且是用户可接近的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的导管系统,其中所述可平移导管包括沿着其形成的侧孔,所述系链的所述自由端通过所述侧孔进入所述可平移导管的内腔中。
9.根据权利要求7所述的导管系统,其中所述可平移导管包括沿着其形成并且与所述平移导管的开口远端隔开的侧孔,所述系链的自由端通过所述可平移导管的所述开口远端并且沿着其内腔,之后通过所述侧孔离开并且沿着所述可平移导管的外表面纵向地前进。
10.根据权利要求2所述的导管系统,其中所述可平移导管具有接近于其远端的预成形弯曲部分,所述预成形弯曲部分由记忆材料形成,以使得所述弯曲部分弹性地恢复至设定的预成形弯曲形状。
11.根据权利要求4所述的导管系统,其中所述可平移导管具有接近于其远端的预成形弯曲部分和第二系链,所述第二系链连接于所述预成形弯曲部分并且可控制成使所述预成形弯曲部分致动,导致所述预成形弯曲部分达到设定的预成形弯曲形状。
12.根据权利要求4所述的导管系统,其中所述可平移导管的远端连接于所述另一导管的远端,并且所述可平移导管具有沿着其长度形成的多个侧孔,其允许弯曲所述可平移导管,其中第二丝通过所述侧孔中的一个到达所述第二位置。
13.根据权利要求1所述的导管系统,其中所述平移元件包括杆,所述杆具有可相对于彼此转动的至少两个段,以允许所述可平移导管到达所述第二位点。
14.根据权利要求1所述的导管系统,其还包括追踪元件,所述追踪元件被配置成追踪并且沿着所述第一导丝纵向移动,所述平移元件耦合于所述追踪元件。
15.根据权利要求1所述的导管系统,其中所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的距离可调节。
16.一种导管系统,所述导管系统包括:
被配置成定位在第一处理位置的第一导管;
被配置成定位在第二处理位置的第二导管;以及
可操作地连接所述第一导管和所述第二导管的平移机构,所述平移机构被配置和可致动以允许所述第二导管侧向地从所述第一导管移开预定距离,以隔开所述第二导管和所述第一导管,并且使所述第二导管定位在所述第二处理位置。
17.根据权利要求16所述的导管系统,所述导管系统还包括护套,所述护套具有其中设置有所述第一导管的第一内腔和其中设置有所述第二导管的第二内腔,成形所述护套以使得其远端部分包括纵向延伸的侧槽并且限定进入所述第二内腔的入口,以及在所述平移机构致动后允许所述第二导管从中穿过并且从远端部分径向地向外延伸并且定位在所述第二处理位置。
18.根据权利要求17所述的导管系统,其中所述护套还包括分别接收第一导向丝和第二导向丝的第一导向丝内腔和第二导向丝内腔,所述第一导向丝和所述第二导向丝各自包括纵向丝和围绕所述纵向丝卷绕的丝卷,其中所述纵向丝以及所述第一导向丝和所述第二导向丝各自的丝卷的远端彼此连接并且连接于所述护套的远端。
19.根据权利要求18所述的导管系统,其中所述丝卷的近端固定于与所述护套耦合的控制柄,所述纵向丝的近端被配置成在由所述丝卷限定的螺旋中缩回。
20.根据权利要求17所述的导管系统,其中所述平移机构包括推进器组件,所述推进器组件纵向运动并且造成所述第二导管通过所述纵向槽并且从远端部分径向地向外延伸并且定位在所述第二处理位置。
21.一种用于使用递送导管系统将第一物体和第二物体递送到手术部位的第一位置和第二位置的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
递送第一丝至第一位置;以及
在所述第一丝保留在所述第一位置的情况下,将可平移导管从第一位点平移到第二位点,在所述第一位点时,所述可平移导管设置在所述第一位置处或附近,所述第二位点与所述第一位点隔开,并且在所述第二位点时,所述可平移导管位于所述第二位置处。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中平移所述可平移导管的步骤包括致动一平移元件的步骤,其造成所述可平移导管受控地在所述第一位点和所述第二位点之间移动。
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法,所述方法还包括通过所述可平移导管将第二丝递送到所述第二位置的步骤。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述第二丝通过形成于所述可平移导管中的侧孔。
25.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述平移导管包括系链。
26.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述平移导管包括连杆,所述连杆由彼此可转动地连接的至少两个段形成,因此当所述连杆转动到一个位置时,所述可平移导管到达所述第二位置。
27.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述第一丝包含在第一导管中,所述平移元件在一端耦合于所述第一导管,并且在另一端耦合于所述可平移导管,所述可平移元件的致动造成所述可平移导管以基本线性的方式移动到所述第二位点。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述第一导管和所述可平移导管包含在形成于递送护套中的各自的内腔中,并且平移所述可平移导管的步骤包括通过沿着所述护套形成并且朝向外部打开并且与携带有所述可平移套管的内腔直接连通的纵向窗口使所述可平移导管径向延伸的步骤,使所述可平移导管径向地延伸直至所述可平移导管到达所述第二位点。
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US20140275757A1 (en) 2014-09-18
US20200289266A1 (en) 2020-09-17
US10682232B2 (en) 2020-06-16
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US11890194B2 (en) 2024-02-06
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