CN105263925A - 新型酸二酐、其制备方法以及由此制备的聚酰亚胺 - Google Patents

新型酸二酐、其制备方法以及由此制备的聚酰亚胺 Download PDF

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CN105263925A
CN105263925A CN201480028522.0A CN201480028522A CN105263925A CN 105263925 A CN105263925 A CN 105263925A CN 201480028522 A CN201480028522 A CN 201480028522A CN 105263925 A CN105263925 A CN 105263925A
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polyimide
acid dianhydride
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朴晓准
郑鹤基
河昌植
P·K·塔帕斯威
郑英植
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Kolon Industries Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型酸二酐、制备该新型酸二酐的方法以及由此制备的聚酰亚胺。更具体而言,本发明的酸二酐可用作表现出优异的热稳定性和低介电比的无色透明聚酰亚胺单元,并且本发明的聚酰亚胺与常规聚酰亚胺相比具有对有机溶剂的优异溶解度。

Description

新型酸二酐、其制备方法以及由此制备的聚酰亚胺
技术领域
本发明涉及酸二酐、其制备方法以及由此制备的聚酰亚胺。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺凭借其高机械强度、耐热性和耐溶剂性在电子材料行业找到了广泛的应用,包括用于液晶显示器和半导体的保护材料、绝缘材料、滤色片等等。此外,近来期望使用聚酰亚胺作为用于光通信的材料和作为用于移动电话的基板。
随着这些行业的最新进展,越来越需要具有先进性能的材料。例如,不仅需要机械性能如耐热性和耐溶剂性,在该领域中使用的聚酰亚胺中还要求根据用途的功能,如透明性等等。
当需要高透明度时,呈现深琥珀色的用于一般用途的全芳族聚酰亚胺(其可以通过芳族四羧酸二酐与芳族二胺的缩聚获得)不能使用。此外,由于全芳族聚酰亚胺不溶于有机溶剂,因此在实践中,在通过热闭环脱水成膜前使用其前体聚酰胺酸)。
实现透明性的一种策略是已知的,其中脂族四羧酸二酐与芳族二胺聚酰亚胺缩聚以提供聚酰亚胺前体,接着转化为相对无色并高度透明的聚酰亚胺(日本专利未审申请公开号平2-24294和昭58-208322)。
但是,基于未取代脂族四羧酸二酐的聚酰胺酸和聚酰亚胺几乎不溶于一般的有机溶剂,而仅溶于具有高沸点的极性有机溶剂。在这方面,在成膜时使用高温以去除该溶剂,对有机EL器件的其它有机材料施加了不合意的影响。
近年来,由单体1,2,3,4-环戊烷四甲酸二酐(下文称为“CPDA”)制备的聚酰亚胺已经建议用作有机电致发光(下文中称为“有机EL”)的气体阻隔膜(日本专利未审申请公开号2006-232960)。
但是,这种聚酰亚胺的耐热性需要改进,并且在有机溶剂中溶解度不足,此外还具有低聚合度。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的一个主要目的是提供一种作为聚酰亚胺的材料单体的新型酸二酐及其制备方法,所述聚酰亚胺具有低介电常数并表现出优异的热稳定性、在有机溶剂中的溶解度和透光率并同时保持聚酰亚胺自身的性能。
本发明的另一目的是提供含有该新型酸二酐的聚酰胺酸,以及通过该聚酰胺酸的闭环脱水制备的聚酰亚胺。
技术方案
根据实现上述目的的一个方面,本发明提供由下面化学式1表示的酸二酐:
<化学式1>
按照其另一方面,本发明提供制备由下面化学式1表示的酸二酐的方法,包括:(a)使由下面化学式2表示的化合物与哌嗪反应以得到由下面化学式3表示的化合物;(b)在碱催化剂的存在下水解化学式3的化合物以获得由化学式4表示的化合物;和(c)在脱水剂的存在下使化学式4的化合物进行闭环脱水。
<化学式1>
<化学式2>
<化学式3>
<化学式4>
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,步骤(a)的反应是迈克尔加成反应。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,在步骤(a)中,化学式2的化合物与哌嗪以1:0.45至1:0.55的摩尔比进行反应。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,步骤(b)的碱催化剂选自氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡、氢氧化钙、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁以及它们的组合。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,步骤(b)的水解在40~120℃下进行1~6小时。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,步骤(c)的脱水剂选自乙酸酐、吡啶、异喹啉、叔胺以及它们的组合。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,步骤(c)的闭环脱水在40~100℃下进行4~28小时。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,每摩尔化学式4的化合物,步骤(c)的脱水剂的使用量为2~10摩尔。
本发明的再一方面提供一种聚酰胺酸,通过使由下面化学式1表示的酸二酐与二胺反应来制备:
<化学式1>
本发明的又一方面提供一种聚酰亚胺,通过闭环脱水由权利要求10的聚酰胺酸制备。
有益效果
根据本发明提供的是一种可用于制备无色透明的聚酰亚胺的新型酸二酐及其制备方法,所述聚酰亚胺表现出优异的热稳定性,并具有低介电常数,同时保持聚酰亚胺自身的优异性能。
由于表现出优异的热稳定性并具有低介电常数,因此本发明的无色透明的聚酰亚胺可用于多种材料行业,包括在液晶显示装置或半导体中的保护和绝缘材料,以及用于光通讯如光波导的材料。
具体实施方式
除非另有定义,本文中使用的所有术语具有与示例性实施方案所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。要进一步理解的是,术语,例如在常用词典中定义的那些,应当解释为与其在相关领域背景下的含义一致,而不应以理想化或过于正式的含义加以解释,除非本文中明确地如此定义。
要进一步理解的是,术语“包含”、“含有”、“包括”和/或“包括”当在本文中使用时,规定存在所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、要素和/或组分,但是不排除一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、要素、组分和/或其组的存在或加入。
本发明的一个方面涉及由下面化学式1表示的酸二酐:
<化学式1>
按照其另一方面,本发明涉及制备由下面化学式1表示的酸二酐的方法,包括:(a)使由下面化学式2表示的化合物与哌嗪反应以得到由下面化学式3表示的化合物;(b)在碱催化剂的存在下水解化学式3的化合物以获得由化学式4表示的化合物;和(c)在脱水剂的存在下使化学式4的化合物进行闭环脱水。
<化学式1>
<化学式2>
<化学式3>
<化学式4>
作为规则,与芳族聚酰亚胺相比,因其低分子内密度、极性和低分子间或分子内电荷转移,脂族聚酰亚胺表现出更高的透明度和较低的介电常数。由于这些性质,脂族聚酰亚胺对于在光电器件中用作夹层绝缘材料吸引了广泛的关注。
为了用于制备具有高透明度和低介电常数的脂族聚酰亚胺,在本发明中合成了含氮哌嗪-二琥珀酸酐(由化学式1表示的酸二酐)。
由于本发明的由化学式1表示的酸二酐含有至少一个分子内氮原子,在该氮原子上的孤电子对造成了分子内或分子间相互作用。在这种机制下,可以极大改善本发明的聚酰胺的溶解度和机械强度,同时保持其优异的固有性能。
本发明的酸二酐可以通过简单的有机合成方法,如迈克尔加成和水解来制备。
简而言之,通过以下方法制备本发明的酸二酐:使由化学式2表示的化合物与哌嗪反应以获得由化学式3表示的化合物,在碱催化剂的存在下水解化学式3的化合物以获得由化学式4表示的化合物,和用脱水剂通过脱水来闭环。
如以下反应图式1中所示概括了该过程。
[反应图式1]
首先,使化学式2的化合物(富马酸二甲酯)与哌嗪进行迈克尔加成反应以形成化学式3的化合物。在该反应中,化学式2的化合物(富马酸二甲酯)充当迈克尔受体,而哌嗪充当迈克尔供体。
优选地,就反应效率而言,该迈克尔加成反应在20~140℃下进行4~16小时。
为了用于制备化学式3的化合物,化学式2的化合物和哌嗪以1:0.45至1:0.55的摩尔比使用。当每摩尔化学式2的化合物哌嗪低于0.45摩尔或超过0.55摩尔时,产率可能降低。
存在几种制备化学式2的化合物的已知方法。在一个优选实施方案中,富马酸在甲醇中在酸催化剂如硫酸的存在下回流,接着用中和剂如碳酸钠中和,以提供该化合物。
在本发明中,反应底物本身优选用作溶剂,但是可以使用单独的溶剂。如果反应溶剂不中断该反应的话,对反应溶剂没有特殊限制。例如可以使用1,4-二氧杂环己烷、甲苯、NMP(N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮)或DMAc(二甲基乙酰胺)。
随后,化学式3的化合物可以在碱催化剂的存在下水解为化学式4的化合物。该水解在40~120℃下进行1~6小时。在低于40℃或少于1小时时,该反应不能充分进行,由此留下大量未反应的反应物。在高于120℃或超过6小时时,该溶剂或该催化剂可能蒸发,这在成本和效率方面是不合意的。
可用于该水解反应的碱催化剂可以选自氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡、氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁以及它们的组合。考虑到成本和易于处理,优选的是氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠。
基于1摩尔的化学式3的化合物,该碱催化剂可以以5至10摩尔的量使用。当每摩尔化学式3的化合物,碱催化剂的量小于5摩尔时,水解难以进行。另一方面,超过10摩尔的碱催化剂会沉积过多盐酸盐,这对效率和生产率具有负面影响。
化学式4的化合物通过在脱水剂的存在下的脱水闭环以提供由化学式1表示的脂族酸二酐。该闭环脱水在40~100℃下进行4~28小时。在高于100℃或长于28小时时,该催化剂或该溶剂易于蒸发,由此降低了产率。在低于40℃下,该反应应进行延长的时间,或如果在4小时内进行的话,该反应不能充分进行,降低了产率。
该脱水剂可以是选自乙酸酐和叔胺如吡啶、异喹啉和三乙胺中的至少一种,就效率而言,乙酸酐和/或吡啶是优选的。
基于1摩尔的化学式4的化合物,该脱水剂可以以2摩尔以上的量、优选以2至10摩尔的量使用。当每摩尔化学式4的化合物该脱水剂的量小于2摩尔时,该反应不能充分进行,导致产率降低。超过10摩尔的脱水剂在成本方面是不利的。
在上述反应结束后,通过典型的过滤和干燥获得该酸二酐。
按照其另一方面,本发明涉及通过由下列化学式1表示的酸二酐与二胺的反应制备的聚酰胺酸。
<化学式1>
此外,根据本发明的再一方面所预期的是通过该聚酰胺酸的闭环脱水获得的聚酰亚胺。
本发明的化学式1的酸二酐可以与二胺缩聚以获得聚酰胺酸,所述聚酰胺酸可以随后在加热下或在催化剂的存在下进行闭环脱水以提供聚酰亚胺。
没有特殊限制,该二胺可以是通常用于合成聚酰亚胺的各种二胺中的一种。该二胺的具体实例包括:芳族二胺,如对苯二胺、间苯二胺、2,5-二氨基甲苯、2,6-二氨基甲苯、1,3-双(4,4'-氨基苯氧基)苯、4,4'-二氨基-1,5-苯氧基戊烷、4,4'-二氨基联苯、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二氨基联苯、3,3'-二甲氧基-4,4'-二氨基联苯、4,4'-二氨基二苯醚、4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、2,2'-二氨基二苯基丙烷、双(3,5-二乙基-4-氨基苯基)甲烷、二氨基二苯砜、二氨基二苯甲酮、二氨基萘、1,4-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯、1,4-双(4-氨基苯基)苯、9,10-双(4-氨基苯基)蒽、1,3-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯、4,4'-双(4-氨基苯氧基)二苯砜、2,2-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷和2,2'-三氟甲基-4,4'-二氨基联苯;环状二胺,如1,4-二氨基环己烷、1,4-环己烷双(甲胺)和4,4'-二氨基二环己基甲烷;以及脂族二胺,如四亚甲基二胺和六亚甲基二胺。这些二胺可以单独或组合使用。
对本发明的聚酰胺酸的制备没有特殊限制。可以通过使化学式1的酸二酐与二胺在典型方法中反应和聚合来获得聚酰胺酸。为了方便起见,化学式1表示的脂族二酐与二胺可以混合并在有机溶剂中反应。
该有机溶剂的实例包括间甲酚、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、N-甲基己内酰胺、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、四甲基脲、吡啶、二甲砜、六甲基磷酰胺和γ-丁内酯。这些溶剂可以单独或组合使用。如果不能溶解聚酰胺酸,除了该溶剂之外可以使用附加溶剂,如果其能够形成均匀溶液。
该溶液聚合可以在-20~150℃下、优选在-5~100℃下进行。此外,可以通过调节化学式1的酸二酐与该二胺的摩尔比来控制该聚酰胺酸的分子量。越接近1的摩尔比会导致所制得的聚酰胺酸的分子量越高。
通过闭环脱水由上面制备的聚酰胺酸获得本发明的聚酰亚胺。这里,由聚酰胺酸向聚酰亚胺的转化率(闭环脱水率)定义为酰亚胺化率。本发明的聚酰亚胺的酰亚胺化率不限于100%,并可以按需给出1~100%的值。
没有特别限制,聚酰胺酸的闭环脱水通常通过加热或用已知的闭环脱水催化剂以化学方法实现。通过加热的闭环脱水可以在100~300℃下、优选在120~250℃下进行。
作为化学方法,其闭环脱水可以在催化剂的存在下进行,该催化剂例如有机碱如吡啶或三乙胺,或乙酸酐。在这方面,反应温度可以在-20~200℃下。在该反应中,聚酰胺酸的聚合溶液可以原样使用,或在将其稀释后使用。或者,该聚酰胺酸可以在从如下所述的聚合溶液中回收后溶解在合适的有机溶剂中。该有机溶剂可以与用于聚酰胺酸聚合的有机溶剂相同。
由此获得的该聚酰亚胺(含有)溶液可以原样使用,或可以添加甲醇或乙醇以沉淀该聚合物。该聚合物可以以粉末形式分离,或可以重新溶解在合适的溶剂中。可以没有限制地使用任何溶剂,如果其可以溶解该聚合物的话。可以从例如间甲酚、2-吡咯烷酮、NMP、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮、DMAc、DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)和γ-丁内酯中选择该溶剂。
通过以下用于说明本发明的实施例可以更好地理解本发明,但不能解释为限制本发明。
实施例1
1-1:合成化学式2的化合物
向200毫升甲醇中含有14.5克(125毫摩尔)的富马酸溶液中加入5毫升浓硫酸,接着在100℃下回流1小时。该回流在冷却浴中冷却,并用200克10%的碳酸钠中和以形成白色沉淀物。将该沉淀物过滤、用水洗涤并在50℃下在真空烘箱中干燥12小时以获得化学式2的化合物16.6克(产率92%)。化学式2的化合物的制备基于由CarrG等人报道的方法(CarrG.,WilliamsD.E.,D1′az-MarreroA.R.,PatrickB.O.,BottriellH.,BalgiA.D.,DonohueE.,RobergeM.和AndersenR.J.,J.Nat.Prod.2010,73,422)。
测量获得的化学式2的化合物的熔点(Buchi,M-560)。其熔点(Mp)观察为102℃,这与CarrG等人报道的化合物的熔点相同。
1-2:合成化学式3的化合物
向100毫升1,4-二氧杂环己烷中添加14.4克(0.1摩尔)实施例1-1中获得的化学式2的化合物和4.3克(0.05摩尔)哌嗪,接着回流16小时。将该回流冷却以形成沉淀物。对该沉淀物进行多轮过滤和冷凝,并在真空烘箱中干燥12小时以获得无色固体形式的化学式3的化合物15.3克(产率82%)。
测量获得的化学式3的化合物的熔点(Buchi,M-560),并通过NMR(1H和13C)(JEOL,JNM-LA400)和IR(AVATAR,360FT-IR)进行分析。
m.p.:158℃(EtOAc)
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ2.38-2.50(m,4H,Het-CH2CH2),2.54-2.70(m,6H,β-CH2,Het-CH2CH2),2.81(dd,J=16.0and9.2Hz,2H,β-CH2),3.64(s,6H,2OCH3),3.68(dd,2H,重叠信号,α-CH),3.70(s,6H,2OCH3)(图4);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ171.7和170.9(酯C),63.4(α-CH),51.8(OCH3),51.5(OCH3),49.9(Het-CH2 CH2),34.0(β-CH2);对C16H26N2O8的分析计算值:C:51.33,H:7.00,N:7.48%.实测值:C:51.19,H:7.09,N:7.53%;IR(KBr,cm-1):对于νC=O为1734
1-3:合成化学式4的化合物
在500毫升圆底烧瓶中,将11.2克(0.03摩尔)实施例1-2中获得的化学式3的化合物与120毫升(0.24摩尔)2N氢氧化钾和120毫升甲醇混合。混合物在60℃下加热至完全溶解的程度,并随后在相同温度下再加热3小时。在用浓HCl将其pH调节至3.8之后,该溶液在室温下搅拌30分钟以形成沉淀物。将该沉淀物过滤,并用水洗涤。随后,该沉淀物在真空烘箱中干燥24小时,并在2,000毫升1:1水和甲醇的混合物中再结晶以获得化学式4的化合物8.7克(产率92%)。由于化学式4的化合物不溶于一般有机溶剂,也不溶于水,通过将化学式4的化合物与其中溶解固体氢氧化钾的重水(D2O)混合来制备NMR样品。测量获得的化学式3的化合物的熔点(Buchi,M-560),并通过NMR(1H和13C)(JEOL,JNM-LA400)和IR(AVATAR,360FT-IR)进行分析。
m.p.:218-219℃(H2O+MeOH)
*1HNMR(400MHz,D2O/KOH):δ2.46-2.54(bd,4H,Het-CH2CH2),2.56-3.40(bm,6H,β-CH2,Het-CH2CH2),3.44-3.54(bm,2H,β-CH2),4.80(dd,2H,重叠信号,α-CH);13CNMR(100MHz,D2O/KOH):δ178.8(COOH),67.7(α-CH),49.1(Het-CH2 CH2),37.4(β-CH2);对C12H18N2O8的分析计算值:C:45.28,H:5.70,N:8.80%.实测值:C:45.16,H:5.79,N:8.83%;IR(KBr,cm-1):对于νC=O为1723。
1-4:合成化学式1的化合物
在装有磁力搅拌器的50毫升烧瓶中,放置5.4克(17毫摩尔)实施例1-3中获得的化学式4的化合物、3.18克(35.7毫摩尔)吡啶和3.6克(35.7毫摩尔)乙酸酐,并使其在60℃下反应24小时。在反应完成后,将反应混合物冷却并过滤。滤液用200毫升乙酸酐和200毫升提纯的二乙醚洗涤,并在40℃下在真空烘箱中干燥。在100毫升乙酸酐中再结晶制造了化学式1的化合物2.9克(产率60%)。
测量获得的化学式1的化合物的熔点(Buchi,M-560),并通过NMR(1H和13C)(JEOL,JNM-LA400)和IR(AVATAR,360FT-IR)进行分析。
m.p.:156℃(分解)
1HNMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO):δ2.39(bd,J=6.8Hz,4H,Het-CH2CH2),2.76(bd,J=6.8Hz,4H,Het-CH2CH2),3.04(d,J=8.4Hz,4H,β-CH2),4.21(t,J=16.4Hz,2H,α-CH);13CNMR(100MHz,d6-DMSO):δ171.6(COOCO),170.6(COOCO),63.6(α-CH),48.9(Het-CH2CH2),31.9(β-CH2);C12H14N2O6的分析计算值:C:51.06,H:5.00,N:9.93%.实测值:C:49.93,H:5.10,N:9.96%;IR(KBr,cm-1):1860,1781(νC=O),1210,1127(C-O-C)
尽管用于说明的目的已经公开了本发明的优选实施方案,本领域的技术人员将理解的是在不脱离所附权利要求书中公开的本发明的范围和精神的情况下可以进行各种修改、增加和替换。

Claims (11)

1.一种由下面化学式1表示的酸二酐:
2.一种制备由下面化学式1表示的酸二酐的方法,包括:
(a)使由下面化学式2表示的化合物与哌嗪反应以得到由下面化学式3表示的化合物;
(b)在碱催化剂的存在下,水解化学式3的化合物以获得由化学式4表示的化合物;和
(c)在脱水剂的存在下,使化学式4的化合物进行闭环脱水:
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,步骤(a)的反应是迈克尔加成反应。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,在步骤(a)中,化学式2的化合物与哌嗪以1:0.45至1:0.55的摩尔比反应。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,步骤(b)的碱催化剂选自氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡、氢氧化钙、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁以及它们的组合。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,步骤(b)的水解在40~120℃下进行1~6小时。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,步骤(c)的脱水剂选自乙酸酐、吡啶、异喹啉、叔胺以及它们的组合。
8.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,步骤(c)的闭环脱水在40~100℃下进行4~28小时。
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,每摩尔化学式4的化合物,步骤(c)的脱水剂的使用量为2~10摩尔。
10.一种聚酰胺酸,通过由下面化学式1表示的酸二酐与二胺反应制备:
11.一种聚酰亚胺,由权利要求10所述的聚酰胺酸通过闭环脱水制备。
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CN115850215B (zh) * 2022-11-16 2024-08-09 广州华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 含氮二酐化合物、聚酰亚胺、液晶取向膜及液晶显示面板

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