CN105145417B - A kind of cultural method of pearl - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of pearl Download PDFInfo
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- CN105145417B CN105145417B CN201510396686.5A CN201510396686A CN105145417B CN 105145417 B CN105145417 B CN 105145417B CN 201510396686 A CN201510396686 A CN 201510396686A CN 105145417 B CN105145417 B CN 105145417B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for pearl culture, belong to technical field of aquaculture.It is in the culturing pool of step wise reduction from including adjoining successively and upper surface, first clarifier-tank, the culturing chamber of second clarifier-tank and cistern cultivates pearl culturing clam, utilize the poor principle of tide, realize that the water in pond arranges self-priming certainly, screen pack and mesh screen purifying water body are set, save the energy, reduce aquaculture cost, net cage bottom is set into wavy surface prevents courses of infection, more preferable growing environment is provided for pearl culturing clam, the nutrient solution processing mantle piece and pearl core for preparing heterogeneity improve and insert core rate, nuclear phenomenon is told in reduction, apply the maturation that different fertilizer accelerate pearl culturing clam in different times, promote the quality of pearl simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of pearl.
Background technology
Pearl is deep to be liked by people masses as a kind of bright and colourful, sparkling and crystal-clear brilliant, rare and rare ornament,
Can be by processing and refining into jewelrys such as various necklaces, bangle, goods of furniture for display rather than for uses.Contain abundant amino acid and lot of trace member in pearl
Element, therefore itself or rare Chinese medicine, have effects that clearing heat and detoxicating, arresting convulsion of calming the nerves, eyesight-improving and pain-alleviating, convergence myogenic.Current city
Pearl more than 90% on field is cultured pearl, and China is to cultivate earliest and is the maximum country of current cultured output, but
Backwardness, the not science of aquaculture management due to China's cultural technique, cultivation section planning are unreasonable, and over capacity, high-density breeding is made
Into plant's serious aging, usually occur that pearl culturing clam wound is festered and the even dead phenomenon that catches, cultivated
Pearl culturing clam tells that core rate is high, survival rate is low in journey, and the quality of produced pearl is unstable, the pearl defect rate height of formation, ball rate
It is low, high quality pearl negligible amounts.
The content of invention
It is an object of the invention to solve at least the above and defect, and provide the advantage that at least will be described later.
The invention provides a kind of cultural method of pearl, from can from row, self-priming circulation as growing cultured pearls
The culturing chamber of freshwater mussel, it is ensured that the dissolved oxygen amount of water body, and screen pack and screen cloth purifying water body are provided with, net cage bottom is set to wave
Face prevents and treats courses of infection, and more preferable growing environment is provided for pearl culturing clam, prepares different nutrient solution processing mantle pieces and pearl core
Improve and insert core survival rate, by applying the maturation that different composite fertilizers accelerate pearl culturing clam in different times, promote quality, obtain excellent
The pearl of matter high yield, increases economic efficiency.
In order to realize object of the present invention and further advantage there is provided a kind of cultural method of pearl, including it is following
Step：
A, culturing chamber setting：The culturing chamber include culturing pool adjacent successively, the first clarifier-tank, the second clarifier-tank and
Cistern, the culturing pool, first clarifier-tank, second clarifier-tank and the cistern are that adjacent side length is equal
Cuboid, and upper surface is in step wise reduction, its ladder height difference is to be designed with 50-60cm, the wall of the adjacent length of side
Rectangle strip current opening, the cistern is connected by water pump with the culturing pool, forms the flow path of current, described
The wall of culturing pool, which is provided with fertilizer dispensing port, the bottom centre of the culturing pool, is provided with agitator, first clarifier-tank
Inside is provided with the screen pack of the 50 mesh mesh parallel to the adjacent length of side, and the screen pack is highly equal with first clarifier-tank,
And first clarifier-tank is divided into two spaces；
The setting of aquaculture net cage group：The net cage group includes 4-5 net cage and lifted to form, for any one net cage, its
The netted cylinder being made for stainless steel steel wire, wire diameter is 6mm, and the bottom of the net cage is wavy wire side, and wave height is
Gauze is equipped with above 3cm, a width of 10cm of ripple, the wave wire side；
B, the injected clear water into the cistern, the nutrient solutions of 3kg first of being splashed into clear water put multiple net cage groups
Enter in the cistern and soak, the upper surface of the net cage group apart from the cistern water surface 20-30cm, the net cage group
Bottom of pond 30-40cm of the waveform wire side apart from the cistern；
First nutrient solution is the Poria cocos, 1-3 parts of chondroitin sulfate, 1-2 parts of rhizoma Gastrodiae that parts by weight are 20-30 parts
With the first nutrient solution obtained after 80-90 parts of purified water mixing；
C, cut into slices to obtain mantle piece in the marginal membrane of operation freshwater mussel, pearl core is made from shell, mantle piece and pearl core are put
Enter in the terramycin or cynnematin solution of one thousandth concentration and soak 10-15 minutes, take out mantle piece and pearl core and immerse
30-40 minutes in second nutrient solution, take out mantle piece and be attached on the surface of pearl core, and dripped between mantle piece and pearl core
Plus the nutrient solutions of 1mL the 3rd；From freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam, pearl culturing clam is opened, mantle piece and pearl core are inserted what is grown cultured pearls together
In outer embrane between endepidermis and connective tissue, and the nutrient solutions of 2mL the 3rd are added dropwise in outer embrane, obtain postoperative grow cultured pearls
Freshwater mussel and putting it into the net cage in the cistern rests 25-30 days, obtains the pearl culturing clam of wound healing；
Second nutrient solution is the radix glycyrrhizae that parts by weight are 30-40 parts, 25-35 parts of Chinese yam, 18-25 parts of the five tastes
The second nutrient solution that son, 15-20 parts of Ligusticum wallichiis, 12-17 parts of cassia twig and the 1-5 portions of root of herbaceous peonys are obtained after decocting；
3rd nutrient solution is the madribon that parts by weight are 28-35 parts, 17-25 parts of fluorine quinoline promise
Ketone, the 3rd nutrient solution obtained after the purified water mixing of 12-15 parts of ginsenoside and 55-60 part；
D, the net cage group for the pearl culturing clam that will be equipped with wound healing are taken out from the cistern, are put into the culturing pool relaying
Continuous to cultivate, the net cage group is not contacted with the agitator, the water surface 20- of the upper surface of the net cage group apart from the culturing pool
30cm, the bottom of pond 30-40cm of the waveform wire side of the net cage group apart from the culturing pool；
E, it is put into before the net cage group in the culturing pool, is delivered according to 2-4kg/ square metres of standard into culturing pool
Food organisms, the composite fertilizers of 1kg first were put into every 2-3 days in the fertilizer dispensing port of the culturing pool, and turn on agitator is stirred
Mix, after the net cage group is put into, once first composite fertilizer was delivered every 10 days, and injected volume increase is 2kg every time, is educated
First composite fertilizer is replaced by 3kg the second composite fertilizer by pearl oyster after cultivating 1 year, the water temperature for controlling the culturing pool is 15-
30 DEG C, pH value was 7-7.5, every 15-20 days, opened water pump once, each water circulation 3-5 days, and institute was taken out every 2-3 months
State net cage group and remove attachment on net cage surface and clam shell, and splashed the net cage group with saline solution, while removing described support
Grow in pond and pool side weeds and dirt, be placed again into after the net cage group and deliver fresh food organisms, every 15 days with life
Milk of lime once, is sooner or later patrolled the culturing pool full pool spilling head and salvages rotten grass, residual bait in time, and the ripe pearl culturing clam of harvesting takes out
Pearl, the packing of prematurity pearl culturing clam is continued to cultivate；
First composite fertilizer is the egg shell that parts by weight are 80-90 parts, peanut shell, dried small shrimp, the corruption of chestnut shell retting
Ripe fertilizer, 2-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 2-4 parts of magnesium chloride, the mixture of 1-5 parts of ferric sulfate；
Second composite fertilizer is the mixture of rotted pig manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and citric acid.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, the second nutrient solution preparation method is：It is by parts by weight
30-40 parts of radix glycyrrhizae and 25-35 parts of Chinese yam, clean the 20-30min that stir-fried with high heat after drying, are crushed after cooling, then with washing
Only, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine of the 18-25 parts crushed, 15-20 parts of Ligusticum wallichiis, 12-17 parts of cassia twig and 1-5 parts of root of herbaceous peony mixing, add 60-70 parts of seas
Water, which is heated, boils 40-50min, cooled and filtered, and it is the second nutrient solution to take filtrate.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, the fertilizer dispensing port be arranged on not with first clarifier-tank
On adjacent wall and at the face 35-45cm of the culturing pool pond, its size is 50cm × 70cm.
Preferably, the rectangle strip opening on the cultural method of described pearl, described adjoining wall is designed with
Stainless steel mesh screen, and the mesh screen pore size arranged along stairway degression direction is respectively 5 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, described food organisms are microalgae, photosynthetic bacteria or ocean ferment
It is a kind of in mother.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, the culturing pool, first clarifier-tank, second purification
The volumetric ratio of pond and the cistern is：3:2:2:4.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, in pearl culturing clam period of disease, gives sick freshwater mussel injection 1-2% hydrochloric acid Fourth Ring
Plain 1-2mL, freshwater mussel body is soaked with 3% saline solution.
The present invention at least includes following beneficial effect：
Firstth, from including adjacent successively and upper surface in the culturing pool of step wise reduction, the first clarifier-tank, second net
Change the culturing chamber of pond and cistern to cultivate pearl culturing clam, utilize the poor principle of tide so that water body can save energy from row's self-priming
Source, reduces aquaculture cost, sets two buffer pools of the first clarifier-tank and the second clarifier-tank, the impurity such as sand, soil are trapped in
Clarifier-tank bottom of pond, by the mesh screen on the screen pack in the first clarifier-tank and adjacent length of side wall, removes various light weights in water
Phytoplankton, algae, inorganic and organic debris etc. so that the water in cistern is the limpid water body still containing fertilizer, utilizes water
Water circulation in cistern is that culturing pool changes clean water body so that breeding environment is in health status into culturing pool by pump,
On the other hand water circulation model is used, is conducive to improving the oxygen content of water body, enough oxygen is provided for pearl culturing clam；
Secondth, the setting of the fertilizer mouthful on culturing pool wall facilitates at the dispensing of different fertilizer, culturing pool bottom centre
Agitator can promote the quick dissolving of fertilizer, can also promote above and below water body motion and heat transfer, from stainless steel steel wire
Netted cylinder be used as aquaculture net cage, increase net cage itself total amount, keep stabilization of the net cage in pond, it is to avoid stormy waves, current
The influence of fluctuation and drift about, net cage bottom is set to waveform wire side so that keeping a determining deviation between pearl culturing clam, and spacing is not
It can change because of the swing of net cage, while freshwater mussel and courses of infection caused by the contact of freshwater mussel can be prevented and treated, be provided more for pearl culturing clam
Gauze is laid on good growing environment, wave wire side, it is to avoid pearl culturing clam is contacted with net cage stainless (steel) wire bottom, and convenient reclaim takes off
Core, the upper surface of net cage group ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam apart from water surface 20-30cm, and the wave wire side of net cage group is apart from bottom of pond
30-40cm, it is to avoid net cage touches sludge and causes the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten；
3rd, the favourable water of Poria cocos, detumescence, the effect for improving immunity, coordinate chondroitin sulfate, the day of constant weight number
Fiber crops are mixed to prepare the first nutrient solution with purified water, and very big rush has been played to pearl culturing clam healing of wound and the normal raw body function of recovery
Enter effect, the first nutrient solution is splashed into the clear water of cistern before operation freshwater mussel enters pond, salubrious water body is adjusted and just performs the operation
What the pearl culturing clam having a delicate constitution was provided rest environment, makes pearl culturing clam wound heal as early as possible；
4th, the terramycin with one thousandth concentration or cynnematin solution immersion mantle piece and pearl core, improve cell
The cellular immunity and humoral immune function of small pieces；Intense fire stir-fries radix glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam is conducive to improving and has bacteriostasis in radix glycyrrhizae
The activity of the active principle such as albumen, vitamin with strong body, a certain proportion of radix glycyrrhizae, mountain in sodium benzoate and Chinese yam
Medicine, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, rhizome of chuanxiong, cassia twig and root of herbaceous peony mixing, which add to be rich in the seawater of mineral matter such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, sulphur, to decoct
To the second nutrient solution, the activity of the various enzymes such as the alkaline phosphatase related to nacre secretion can be activated, and then improve pearl
Quality, between mantle piece and pearl core, in pearl culturing clam outer embrane be added dropwise contain madribon, fluoquinolone two
The 3rd nutrient solution of antibiotic and ginsenoside is planted, has good sterilization, anti-inflammatory to postoperative pearl culturing clam, promote injury tissue
Effect of reparation, infection and rejection that reduction Post operation is produced, is improved and inserts core survival rate, and nuclear phenomenon is told in reduction；
5th, it is pearl culturing clam that food organisms a kind of in microalgae, photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast are delivered into culturing pool
Necessary material base is improved, using rich in calcium, iron, manganese, the egg shell of zinc ore material, peanut shell, dried small shrimp, chestnut shell retting
Composting fertilizer, coordinates a certain amount of potassium chloride, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), magnesium chloride and ferric sulfate to be made the first composite fertilizer, organic nutrient and
Micronutrient is sufficient, coordinates reasonable, and facilitation is played in absorption of the addition magnesium chloride to calcium ion, and the first composite fertilizer is bait
Material is biological and pearl culturing clam provides necessary nutritional ingredient, promotes the fast-growth of pearl culturing clam, obtains the pearl of excellent quality, grow cultured pearls
First composite fertilizer is replaced by the second composite fertilizer of rotted pig manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and citric acid by freshwater mussel after cultivating 1 year, increase
Plus the fertilizer efficiency in culturing pool accelerates the maturation of pearl culturing clam, promote the quality of pearl；
6th, the attachment on net cage and clam shell is periodically removed, and in pond and pool side weeds, dirt, it is ensured that pearl culturing clam
The health of growing environment, is sterilized to culturing pool full pool spilling head with quick lime breast, reduces the incidence of disease of pearl culturing clam.
Brief description of the drawings
The structural representation of Fig. 1 culturing chambers described in embodiment in the present invention；
The structural representation of Fig. 2 net cages described in embodiment in the present invention.
Embodiment：
<Embodiment 1>
A kind of cultural method of pearl, comprises the following steps：
A, culturing chamber setting：The culturing chamber includes culturing pool 1 adjacent successively, the first clarifier-tank 2, the second clarifier-tank
3 and cistern 4, the culturing pool 1, first clarifier-tank 2, second clarifier-tank 3 and the cistern 4 are adjacent side
Equal cuboid is grown, volumetric ratio is：3:2:2:4, and upper surface is in step wise reduction, its ladder height difference is 50cm, described
It is designed with rectangle strip current opening, opening being designed with mesh screen 13,21,31 on the wall of the adjacent length of side, and mesh screen 13,
21st, 31 pore sizes arranged along stairway degression direction are respectively 5 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh, the cistern 4 by water pump 5 with
The culturing pool 1 is connected, and forms the flow path of current, using the poor principle of tide, realizes that the water in pond, from self-priming is arranged, is saved
It is provided with size at the pond face 35cm of culturing pool 1 described in distance on the energy, reduction aquaculture cost, the wall of the culturing pool 1
50cm × 70cm fertilizer dispensing port 11, facilitates and agitator is provided with the dispensing of different fertilizer, the bottom centre of the culturing pool 1
12, the quick dissolving of fertilizer can be promoted, can also promote above and below water body motion and heat transfer, inside first clarifier-tank 2
Screen pack 22 provided with the 50 mesh mesh parallel to the adjacent length of side, remove the phytoplankton of various light weights in water, algae, it is inorganic with
Organic debris etc. so that water screen pack 22 and described first purification described in the limpid water body still containing fertilizer in cistern 4
Pond 2 is highly equal, and first clarifier-tank 2 is divided into two spaces；
The setting of aquaculture net cage group：The net cage group includes the lifting of 4 net cages 6 and formed, for any one net cage 6, its
The netted cylinder being made for stainless steel steel wire, wire diameter is 6mm, itself total amount of increase net cage 6, keeps net cage 6 in pond
Stabilization, it is to avoid stormy waves, the influence of water flow fluctuation and drift about, the bottom of the net cage 6 is wavy wire side 7, and wave height is 3cm,
The a width of 10cm of ripple a so that determining deviation is kept between pearl culturing clam, and spacing will not change because of the swing of net cage 6, while can be with
Prevent and treat freshwater mussel and courses of infection caused by the contact of freshwater mussel, more preferable growing environment provided for pearl culturing clam, the wave wire side 7 it is upper
Face is equipped with gauze, it is to avoid pearl culturing clam is contacted with the stainless (steel) wire bottom of net cage 6, and convenient reclaim takes off core；
B, the injected clear water into the cistern 4, the 3kg that splashed into clear water include parts by weight for 20 parts favourable water,
Detumescence, the Poria cocos of effect for improving immunity, 1 part of chondroitin sulfate, the first nutrition of 1 part of rhizoma Gastrodiae and 80 parts of purified water
Liquid, has played very big facilitation, it is firm hand to adjust salubrious water body to pearl culturing clam healing of wound and the normal raw body function of recovery
The environment of resting that the pearl culturing clam having a delicate constitution of art is provided, makes pearl culturing clam wound heal as early as possible, and multiple net cage groups are put
Enter in the cistern 4 and soak, the upper surface of the net cage group ensures the need of pearl culturing clam apart from the water surface 20cm of the cistern 4
Oxygen amount, the bottom of pond 30cm of the waveform wire side 7 of the net cage group apart from the cistern 4, it is to avoid net cage 6 touches sludge and drawn
The pollution for playing pearl culturing clam wound produces rotten；
C, cut into slices to obtain mantle piece in the marginal membrane of operation freshwater mussel, pearl core is made from shell, mantle piece and pearl core are put
Enter in the terramycin or cynnematin solution of one thousandth concentration and soak 10 minutes, improve the cellular immunity and body fluid of mantle piece
Immunologic function, takes out mantle piece and pearl core and immerses the radix glycyrrhizae that parts by weight are 30 parts, 25 parts of Chinese yam, 18 parts of the five tastes
30 minutes in the second nutrient solution obtained after son, 15 parts of Ligusticum wallichiis, 12 parts of cassia twig and 1 part of root of herbaceous peony decoction, cooling, filtering, it can swash
The activity of the various enzymes such as the alkaline phosphatase related to nacre secretion living, and then improve the quality of pearl, wherein radix glycyrrhizae and mountain
Medicine is the intense fire radix glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam that stir-fried, and intense fire stir-fries radix glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam is conducive to improving the benzene in radix glycyrrhizae with bacteriostasis
The activity of the active principle such as albumen, vitamin with strong body in sodium formate and Chinese yam, takes out mantle piece and is attached to pearl
On the surface of core, and dropwise addition 1mL contains madribon, two kinds of antibiosis of fluoquinolone between mantle piece and pearl core
3rd nutrient solution of element and ginsenoside；From freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam, pearl culturing clam is opened, mantle piece and pearl core are inserted together
Enter in the outer embrane between the endepidermis grown cultured pearls and connective tissue, and the nutrient solutions of 2mL the 3rd are added dropwise in outer embrane, to Post operation
Pearl culturing clam have functions that good sterilization, anti-inflammatory, promote injury tissue to repair, infection and repel instead that reduction Post operation is produced
Should, improve and insert core survival rate, reduction tells nuclear phenomenon and obtains postoperative pearl culturing clam and the net cage put it into the cistern 4
Rested in 6 25 days, obtain the pearl culturing clam of wound healing；
D, the net cage group for the pearl culturing clam that will be equipped with wound healing are taken out from the cistern 4, are put into the culturing pool 1
Continue to cultivate, the net cage group do not contact with the agitator 12, the water of the upper surface of the net cage group apart from the culturing pool 1
Face 20cm ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam, and the waveform wire side 7 of the net cage group is kept away apart from the bottom of pond 30cm of the culturing pool 1
Exempt from net cage 6 to touch sludge and cause the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten；
E, it is put into before the net cage group in the culturing pool 1, is delivered according to 2kg/ square metres of standard into culturing pool 1
A kind of food organisms in microalgae, photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast, are that pearl culturing clam improves necessary material base, every 2 days
1kg is put into the fertilizer dispensing port 11 of the culturing pool 1 rich in calcium, iron, manganese, the egg shell of zinc ore material, peanut shell, shrimp
The composting fertilizer of skin, chestnut shell retting, coordinates a certain amount of potassium chloride, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), magnesium chloride and ferric sulfate to be made first and answers
Hefei, and turn on agitator 12 stirs, and promotes the dissolving of the first composite fertilizer, is that food organisms and pearl culturing clam provide necessary nutrition
Composition, promotes the fast-growth of pearl culturing clam, obtains the pearl of excellent quality, after the net cage group is put into, and is delivered every 10 days
Once first composite fertilizer, and injected volume increase is 2kg every time, pearl culturing clam changes first composite fertilizer after cultivating 1 year
Fertilizer efficiency in the second composite fertilizer made from 3kg rotted pig manures, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and citric acid, increase culturing pool 1 accelerates
The maturation of pearl culturing clam, promotes the quality of pearl, and the water temperature for controlling the culturing pool 1 is 15 DEG C, and pH value was 7, every 15 days, is opened
Once, each water circulation 3 days took out the attachment on the net cage group removing surface of net cage 6 and clam shell every 2 months to water pump 5
Thing, and being splashed the net cage group with saline solution, at the same remove in the culturing pool 1 and pool side weeds and dirt, be placed again into
Deliver fresh food organisms after the net cage group, every 15 days with quick lime breast to the full pool spilling head of culturing pool 1 once, it is right
Culturing pool 1 is sterilized, and is patrolled sooner or later and is salvaged rotten grass, residual bait in time, the incidence of disease of pearl culturing clam is reduced, in pearl culturing clam period of disease, to disease
Freshwater mussel injects 1% quadracycline 1mL, and freshwater mussel body is soaked with 3% saline solution, and the ripe pearl culturing clam of harvesting takes out pearl in time, will not
Ripe pearl culturing clam packing continues to cultivate.
<Embodiment 2>
A kind of cultural method of pearl, comprises the following steps：
A, culturing chamber setting：The culturing chamber includes culturing pool 1 adjacent successively, the first clarifier-tank 2, the second clarifier-tank
3 and cistern 4, the culturing pool 1, first clarifier-tank 2, second clarifier-tank 3 and the cistern 4 are adjacent side
Equal cuboid is grown, volumetric ratio is：3:2:2:4, and upper surface is in step wise reduction, its ladder height difference is 60cm, described
It is designed with rectangle strip current opening, opening being designed with mesh screen 13,21,31 on the wall of the adjacent length of side, and mesh screen 13,
21st, 31 pore sizes arranged along stairway degression direction are respectively 5 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh, the cistern 4 by water pump 5 with
The culturing pool 1 is connected, and forms the flow path of current, using the poor principle of tide, realizes that the water in pond, from self-priming is arranged, is saved
It is provided with size at the pond face 45cm of culturing pool 1 described in distance on the energy, reduction aquaculture cost, the wall of the culturing pool 1
50cm × 70cm fertilizer dispensing port 11, facilitates and agitator is provided with the dispensing of different fertilizer, the bottom centre of the culturing pool 1
12, the quick dissolving of fertilizer can be promoted, can also promote above and below water body motion and heat transfer, inside first clarifier-tank 2
Screen pack 22 provided with the 50 mesh mesh parallel to the adjacent length of side, remove the phytoplankton of various light weights in water, algae, it is inorganic with
Organic debris etc. so that water screen pack 22 and described first purification described in the limpid water body still containing fertilizer in cistern 4
Pond 2 is highly equal, and first clarifier-tank 2 is divided into two spaces；
The setting of aquaculture net cage group：The net cage group includes the lifting of 5 net cages 6 and formed, for any one net cage 6, its
The netted cylinder being made for stainless steel steel wire, wire diameter is 6mm, itself total amount of increase net cage 6, keeps net cage 6 in pond
Stabilization, it is to avoid stormy waves, the influence of water flow fluctuation and drift about, the bottom of the net cage 6 is wavy wire side 7, and wave height is 3cm,
The a width of 10cm of ripple a so that determining deviation is kept between pearl culturing clam, and spacing will not change because of the swing of net cage 6, while can be with
Prevent and treat freshwater mussel and courses of infection caused by the contact of freshwater mussel, more preferable growing environment provided for pearl culturing clam, the wave wire side 7 it is upper
Face is equipped with gauze, it is to avoid pearl culturing clam is contacted with the stainless (steel) wire bottom of net cage 6, and convenient reclaim takes off core；
B, the injected clear water into the cistern 4, the 3kg that splashed into clear water include parts by weight for 30 parts favourable water,
Detumescence, the Poria cocos of effect for improving immunity, 3 parts of chondroitin sulfate, the first nutrition of 2 parts of rhizoma Gastrodiae and 90 parts of purified water
Liquid, has played very big facilitation, it is firm hand to adjust salubrious water body to pearl culturing clam healing of wound and the normal raw body function of recovery
The environment of resting that the pearl culturing clam having a delicate constitution of art is provided, makes pearl culturing clam wound heal as early as possible, and multiple net cage groups are put
Enter in the cistern 4 and soak, the upper surface of the net cage group ensures the need of pearl culturing clam apart from the water surface 30cm of the cistern 4
Oxygen amount, the bottom of pond 40cm of the waveform wire side 7 of the net cage group apart from the cistern 4, it is to avoid net cage 6 touches sludge and drawn
The pollution for playing pearl culturing clam wound produces rotten；
C, cut into slices to obtain mantle piece in the marginal membrane of operation freshwater mussel, pearl core is made from shell, mantle piece and pearl core are put
Enter in the terramycin or cynnematin solution of one thousandth concentration and soak 15 minutes, improve the cellular immunity and body fluid of mantle piece
Immunologic function, takes out mantle piece and pearl core and immerses the radix glycyrrhizae that parts by weight are 40 parts, 35 parts of Chinese yam, 25 parts of the five tastes
40 minutes, energy in the second nutrient solution obtained after son, 15-20 parts of Ligusticum wallichiis, 17 parts of cassia twig and 1-5 parts of root of herbaceous peonys decoctions, cooling, filterings
The activity of the various enzymes such as enough activation alkaline phosphatase related to nacre secretion, and then improve the quality of pearl, wherein radix glycyrrhizae
It is the intense fire radix glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam that stir-fried with Chinese yam, intense fire stir-fries radix glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam is conducive to improving and has bacteriostasis in radix glycyrrhizae
Sodium benzoate and Chinese yam in have strong body the active principle such as albumen, vitamin activity, take out mantle piece attachment
Dropwise addition 1mL contains two kinds of madribon, fluoquinolone on the surface of pearl core, and between mantle piece and pearl core
3rd nutrient solution of antibiotic and ginsenoside；From freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam, pearl culturing clam is opened, by mantle piece and pearl core one
Rise and insert in the outer embrane between the endepidermis grown cultured pearls and connective tissue, and the dropwise addition nutrient solutions of 2mL the 3rd, opponent in outer embrane
Postoperative pearl culturing clam has functions that good sterilization, anti-inflammatory, promotes injury tissue to repair, infection and row that reduction Post operation is produced
Reprimand reaction, improves and inserts core survival rate, and reduction tells nuclear phenomenon and obtains postoperative pearl culturing clam and put it into the cistern 4
Rested in net cage 6 30 days, obtain the pearl culturing clam of wound healing；
D, the net cage group for the pearl culturing clam that will be equipped with wound healing are taken out from the cistern 4, are put into the culturing pool 1
Continue to cultivate, the net cage group do not contact with the agitator 12, the water of the upper surface of the net cage group apart from the culturing pool 1
Face 30cm ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam, and the waveform wire side 7 of the net cage group is kept away apart from the bottom of pond 40cm of the culturing pool 1
Exempt from net cage 6 to touch sludge and cause the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten；
E, it is put into before the net cage group in the culturing pool 1, is delivered according to 4kg/ square metres of standard into culturing pool 1
A kind of food organisms in microalgae, photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast, are that pearl culturing clam improves necessary material base, every 3 days
1kg is put into the fertilizer dispensing port 11 of the culturing pool 1 rich in calcium, iron, manganese, the egg shell of zinc ore material, peanut shell, shrimp
The composting fertilizer of skin, chestnut shell retting, coordinates a certain amount of potassium chloride, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), magnesium chloride and ferric sulfate to be made first and answers
Hefei, and turn on agitator 12 stirs, and promotes the dissolving of the first composite fertilizer, is that food organisms and pearl culturing clam provide necessary nutrition
Composition, promotes the fast-growth of pearl culturing clam, obtains the pearl of excellent quality, after the net cage group is put into, and is delivered every 10 days
Once first composite fertilizer, and injected volume increase is 2kg every time, pearl culturing clam changes first composite fertilizer after cultivating 1 year
Fertilizer efficiency in the second composite fertilizer made from 3kg rotted pig manures, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and citric acid, increase culturing pool 1 accelerates
The maturation of pearl culturing clam, promotes the quality of pearl, and the water temperature for controlling the culturing pool 1 is 30 DEG C, and pH value is 7.5, every 20 days, is opened
Open water pump 5 once, each water circulation 5 days takes out attached on the net cage group removing surface of net cage 6 and clam shell at quarterly intervals
Thing, and splashed the net cage group with saline solution, at the same remove in the culturing pool 1 and pool side weeds and dirt, put again
Enter and deliver fresh food organisms after the net cage group, every 15 days with quick lime breast to the full pool spilling head of culturing pool 1 once,
Culturing pool 1 is sterilized, patrols sooner or later and salvages rotten grass, residual bait in time, reduce the incidence of disease of pearl culturing clam, in pearl culturing clam period of disease, give
Sick freshwater mussel injects 2% quadracycline 2mL, and freshwater mussel body is soaked with 3% saline solution, and the ripe pearl culturing clam of harvesting takes out pearl in time, will
The packing of prematurity pearl culturing clam continues to cultivate.
<Embodiment 3>
A kind of cultural method of pearl, comprises the following steps：
A, culturing chamber setting：The culturing chamber includes culturing pool 1 adjacent successively, the first clarifier-tank 2, the second clarifier-tank
3 and cistern 4, the culturing pool 1, first clarifier-tank 2, second clarifier-tank 3 and the cistern 4 are adjacent side
Equal cuboid is grown, volumetric ratio is：3:2:2:4, and upper surface is in step wise reduction, its ladder height difference is 55cm, described
It is designed with rectangle strip current opening, opening being designed with mesh screen 13,21,31 on the wall of the adjacent length of side, and mesh screen 13,
21st, 31 pore sizes arranged along stairway degression direction are respectively 5 mesh, 80 mesh, 100 mesh, the cistern 4 by water pump 5 with
The culturing pool 1 is connected, and forms the flow path of current, using the poor principle of tide, realizes that the water in pond, from self-priming is arranged, is saved
It is provided with size at the pond face 40cm of culturing pool 1 described in distance on the energy, reduction aquaculture cost, the wall of the culturing pool 1
50cm × 70cm fertilizer dispensing port 11, facilitates and agitator is provided with the dispensing of different fertilizer, the bottom centre of the culturing pool 1
12, the quick dissolving of fertilizer can be promoted, can also promote above and below water body motion and heat transfer, inside first clarifier-tank 2
Screen pack 22 provided with the 50 mesh mesh parallel to the adjacent length of side, remove the phytoplankton of various light weights in water, algae, it is inorganic with
Organic debris etc. so that water screen pack 22 and described first purification described in the limpid water body still containing fertilizer in cistern 4
Pond 2 is highly equal, and first clarifier-tank 2 is divided into two spaces；
The setting of aquaculture net cage group：The net cage group includes the lifting of 4 net cages 6 and formed, for any one net cage 6, its
The netted cylinder being made for stainless steel steel wire, wire diameter is 6mm, itself total amount of increase net cage 6, keeps net cage 6 in pond
Stabilization, it is to avoid stormy waves, the influence of water flow fluctuation and drift about, the bottom of the net cage 6 is wavy wire side 7, and wave height is 3cm,
The a width of 10cm of ripple a so that determining deviation is kept between pearl culturing clam, and spacing will not change because of the swing of net cage 6, while can be with
Prevent and treat freshwater mussel and courses of infection caused by the contact of freshwater mussel, more preferable growing environment provided for pearl culturing clam, the wave wire side 7 it is upper
Face is equipped with gauze, it is to avoid pearl culturing clam is contacted with the stainless (steel) wire bottom of net cage 6, and convenient reclaim takes off core；
B, the injected clear water into the cistern 4, the 3kg that splashed into clear water include parts by weight for 25 parts favourable water,
Detumescence, the Poria cocos of effect for improving immunity, 2 parts of chondroitin sulfate, the first battalion of 1.5 parts of rhizoma Gastrodiae and 85 parts of purified water
Nutrient solution, has played very big facilitation, it is firm to adjust salubrious water body to pearl culturing clam healing of wound and the normal raw body function of recovery
The environment of resting that the pearl culturing clam having a delicate constitution of operation is provided, makes pearl culturing clam wound heal as early as possible, by multiple net cage groups
It is put into the cistern 4 and soaks, the upper surface of the net cage group ensures pearl culturing clam apart from the water surface 25cm of the cistern 4
Oxygen demand, the bottom of pond 35cm of the waveform wire side 7 of the net cage group apart from the cistern 4, it is to avoid net cage 6 touch sludge and
The pollution of pearl culturing clam wound is caused to produce rotten；
C, cut into slices to obtain mantle piece in the marginal membrane of operation freshwater mussel, pearl core is made from shell, mantle piece and pearl core are put
Enter in the terramycin or cynnematin solution of one thousandth concentration and soak 13 minutes, improve the cellular immunity and body fluid of mantle piece
Immunologic function, takes out mantle piece and pearl core and immerses the radix glycyrrhizae that parts by weight are 35 parts, 30 parts of Chinese yam, 20 parts of the five tastes
35 minutes in the second nutrient solution obtained after son, 18 parts of Ligusticum wallichiis, 15 parts of cassia twig and 3 parts of root of herbaceous peonys decoctions, cooling, filterings, it can swash
The activity of the various enzymes such as the alkaline phosphatase related to nacre secretion living, and then improve the quality of pearl, wherein radix glycyrrhizae and mountain
Medicine is the intense fire radix glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam that stir-fried, and intense fire stir-fries radix glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam is conducive to improving the benzene in radix glycyrrhizae with bacteriostasis
The activity of the active principle such as albumen, vitamin with strong body in sodium formate and Chinese yam, takes out mantle piece and is attached to pearl
On the surface of core, and dropwise addition 1mL contains madribon, two kinds of antibiosis of fluoquinolone between mantle piece and pearl core
3rd nutrient solution of element and ginsenoside；From freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam, pearl culturing clam is opened, mantle piece and pearl core are inserted together
Enter in the outer embrane between the endepidermis grown cultured pearls and connective tissue, and the nutrient solutions of 2mL the 3rd are added dropwise in outer embrane, to Post operation
Pearl culturing clam have functions that good sterilization, anti-inflammatory, promote injury tissue to repair, infection and repel instead that reduction Post operation is produced
Should, improve and insert core survival rate, reduction tells nuclear phenomenon and obtains postoperative pearl culturing clam and the net cage put it into the cistern 4
Rested in 6 28 days, obtain the pearl culturing clam of wound healing；
D, the net cage group for the pearl culturing clam that will be equipped with wound healing are taken out from the cistern 4, are put into the culturing pool 1
Continue to cultivate, the net cage group do not contact with the agitator 12, the water of the upper surface of the net cage group apart from the culturing pool 1
Face 25cm ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam, and the waveform wire side 7 of the net cage group is kept away apart from the bottom of pond 35cm of the culturing pool 1
Exempt from net cage 6 to touch sludge and cause the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten；
E, it is put into before the net cage group in the culturing pool 1, is delivered according to 3kg/ square metres of standard into culturing pool 1
A kind of food organisms in microalgae, photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast, are that pearl culturing clam improves necessary material base, every 2.5
It is put into 1kg rich in calcium, iron, manganese, the egg shell of zinc ore material, peanut shell, shrimp in the fertilizer dispensing port 11 of the culturing pool 1
The composting fertilizer of skin, chestnut shell retting, coordinates a certain amount of potassium chloride, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), magnesium chloride and ferric sulfate to be made first and answers
Hefei, and turn on agitator 12 stirs, and promotes the dissolving of the first composite fertilizer, is that food organisms and pearl culturing clam provide necessary nutrition
Composition, promotes the fast-growth of pearl culturing clam, obtains the pearl of excellent quality, after the net cage group is put into, and is delivered every 10 days
Once first composite fertilizer, and injected volume increase is 2kg every time, pearl culturing clam changes first composite fertilizer after cultivating 1 year
Fertilizer efficiency in the second composite fertilizer made from 3kg rotted pig manures, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and citric acid, increase culturing pool 1 accelerates
The maturation of pearl culturing clam, promotes the quality of pearl, and the water temperature for controlling the culturing pool 1 is 23 DEG C, and pH value is 7.3, every 18 days, is opened
Open water pump 5 once, each water circulation 4 days was taken out the net cage group every 2.5 months and removed on the surface of net cage 6 and clam shell
Attachment, and being splashed the net cage group with saline solution, at the same remove in the culturing pool 1 and pool side weeds and dirt, again
Be put into after the net cage group and deliver fresh food organisms, every 15 days with quick lime breast to the full pool spilling head one of culturing pool 1
It is secondary, culturing pool 1 is sterilized, patrols sooner or later and salvages rotten grass, residual bait in time, reduce the incidence of disease of pearl culturing clam, in pearl culturing clam period of disease,
1.5% quadracycline 1.5mL is injected to sick freshwater mussel, freshwater mussel body is soaked with 3% saline solution, the ripe pearl culturing clam of harvesting takes out precious in time
Pearl, the packing of prematurity pearl culturing clam is continued to cultivate.
The culturing chamber simple structure set in above-described embodiment, saves the energy, reduces aquaculture cost, is the growth of pearl culturing clam
The growing environment of clean health is provided, the pearl culturing clam in the quality of pearl, the present invention in embodiment 3 is improved and inserts the more conventional side of core rate
Method improves 20%, and the phase bead yield rate of growing cultured pearls improves 14%.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted in specification and embodiment listed
With it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, can be easily for those skilled in the art
Other modification is realized, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention is not limited
In specific details and shown here as the embodiment with description.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of cultural method of pearl, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, culturing chamber setting：The culturing chamber includes culturing pool, the first clarifier-tank, the second clarifier-tank and retaining adjacent successively
Pond, the culturing pool, first clarifier-tank, second clarifier-tank and the cistern are equal rectangular of adjacent side length
Body, and upper surface is in step wise reduction, its ladder height difference is 50-60cm, is designed with the wall of the adjacent length of side rectangular
Shape strip current opening, the cistern is connected by water pump with the culturing pool, forms the flow path of current, the cultivation
The wall in pond, which is provided with fertilizer dispensing port, the bottom centre of the culturing pool, is provided with agitator, inside first clarifier-tank
Screen pack provided with the 50 mesh mesh parallel to the adjacent length of side, the screen pack is highly equal with first clarifier-tank, and will
First clarifier-tank is divided into two spaces；
The setting of aquaculture net cage group：The net cage group includes 4-5 net cage lifting and formed, and for any one net cage, it is not
The netted cylinder that rust steel steel wire is made, wire diameter is 6mm, and the bottom of the net cage is wavy wire side, and wave height is 3cm, ripple
Gauze is equipped with above a width of 10cm, the wave wire side；
Multiple net cage groups are put into institute by b, the injected clear water into the cistern, the nutrient solutions of 3kg first of being splashed into clear water
State in cistern and soak, the upper surface of the net cage group is apart from the water surface 20-30cm of the cistern, the wave of the net cage group
Bottom of pond 30-40cm of the shape wire side apart from the cistern；
First nutrient solution be the Poria cocos that parts by weight are 20-30 parts, 1-3 parts of chondroitin sulfate, 1-2 parts of rhizoma Gastrodiae and
The first nutrient solution obtained after 80-90 parts of purified water mixing；
C, cut into slices to obtain mantle piece in the marginal membrane of operation freshwater mussel, pearl core is made from shell, mantle piece and pearl core are put into thousand
Soaked 10-15 minutes in the terramycin or cynnematin solution of/mono- concentration, take out mantle piece and pearl core and immersion second
30-40 minutes in nutrient solution, take out mantle piece and be attached on the surface of pearl core, and be added dropwise between mantle piece and pearl core
The nutrient solutions of 1mL the 3rd；From freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam, pearl culturing clam is opened, mantle piece and pearl core are inserted together in growing cultured pearls
In outer embrane between epidermis and connective tissue, and the nutrient solutions of 2mL the 3rd are added dropwise in outer embrane, obtain postoperative pearl culturing clam
And put it into the net cage in the cistern and rest 25-30 days, obtain the pearl culturing clam of wound healing；
Second nutrient solution is the radix glycyrrhizae that parts by weight are 30-40 parts, 25-35 parts of Chinese yam, 18-25 parts of the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, 15-
The second nutrient solution that 20 parts of Ligusticum wallichiis, 12-17 parts of cassia twig and the 1-5 portions of root of herbaceous peonys are obtained after decocting；
3rd nutrient solution is the madribon that parts by weight are 28-35 parts, 17-25 parts of fluoquinolone, 12-
The 3rd nutrient solution obtained after the purified water mixing of 15 parts of ginsenoside and 55-60 part；
D, the net cage group for the pearl culturing clam that will be equipped with wound healing are taken out from the cistern, are put into the culturing pool and continue to train
Educate, the net cage group is not contacted with the agitator, the water surface 20- of the upper surface of the net cage group apart from the culturing pool
30cm, the bottom of pond 30-40cm of the waveform wire side of the net cage group apart from the culturing pool；
E, it is put into before the net cage group in the culturing pool, bait is delivered into culturing pool according to 2-4kg/ square metres of standard
Biology, the composite fertilizers of 1kg first were put into every 2-3 days in the fertilizer dispensing port of the culturing pool, and turn on agitator is stirred, institute
State after net cage group is put into, once first composite fertilizer was delivered every 10 days, and injected volume increase is 2kg, pearl culturing clam every time
First composite fertilizer is replaced by 3kg the second composite fertilizer, the water temperature for controlling the culturing pool is 15-30 after cultivating 1 year
DEG C, pH value was 7-7.5, every 15-20 days, opened water pump once, each water circulation 3-5 days, took out described every 2-3 months
Net cage group removes the attachment on net cage surface and clam shell, and is splashed the net cage group with saline solution, while removing the cultivation
In pond and pool side weeds and dirt, be placed again into after the net cage group and deliver fresh food organisms, every 15 days with raw stone
Grey breast once, is sooner or later patrolled the culturing pool full pool spilling head and salvages rotten grass, residual bait in time, and the ripe pearl culturing clam of harvesting takes out precious
Pearl, the packing of prematurity pearl culturing clam is continued to cultivate；
First composite fertilizer is the egg shell that parts by weight are 80-90 parts, peanut shell, dried small shrimp, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of chestnut shell retting
Material, 2-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 2-4 parts of magnesium chloride, the mixture of 1-5 parts of ferric sulfate；
Second composite fertilizer is the mixture of rotted pig manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and citric acid.
2. a kind of cultural method of pearl as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the second nutrient solution preparation method
For：By the radix glycyrrhizae and 25-35 parts of Chinese yam that parts by weight are 30-40 parts, the 20-30min that stir-fried with high heat after drying, cooling are cleaned
After crush, then with the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine of 18-25 part cleaned, crushed, 15-20 parts of Ligusticum wallichiis, 12-17 parts of cassia twig and 1-5 portions of root of herbaceous peonys are mixed
Close, add 60-70 parts of heating of seawater and boil 40-50min, cooled and filtered, it is the second nutrient solution to take filtrate.
3. a kind of cultural method of pearl as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the fertilizer dispensing port be arranged on not with
On the wall of first clarifier-tank adjoining and apart from the face 35-45cm of the culturing pool pond at, its size for 50cm ×
70cm。
4. a kind of cultural method of pearl as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the rectangle on described adjoining wall
Strip opening is designed with stainless steel mesh screen, and the mesh screen pore size arranged along stairway degression direction is respectively 5 mesh, 80 mesh, 100
Mesh.
5. a kind of cultural method of pearl as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described food organisms be microalgae,
It is a kind of in photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast.
6. a kind of cultural method of pearl as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the culturing pool, first purification
The volumetric ratio in pond, second clarifier-tank and the cistern is：3:2:2:4.
7. a kind of cultural method of pearl as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that in pearl culturing clam period of disease, give sick freshwater mussel note
1-2% quadracycline 1-2mL are penetrated, freshwater mussel body is soaked with 3% saline solution.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107691313A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-16 | 汉寿绮丽来珍珠科技有限公司 | A kind of pearl high-efficient ecological cultivation method |
| CN110313427A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-11 | 湖南文理学院 | A kind of ecology for pearl cultivating is grown cultured pearls system and its application method |
| CN110447580A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-15 | 湖南文理学院 | A kind of recyclable type water pearl culture method |
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| CN110269018B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2022-01-07 | 湖南文理学院 | Freshwater aquaculture method for breeding pearl mussel seeds with high yield |
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| CN86101659A (en) * | 1986-02-03 | 1987-01-24 | 湖南省汉寿县特种水产研究所 | Operation method of breeding large combined pearls |
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