CN105145417A - Pearl cultivation method - Google Patents
Pearl cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105145417A CN105145417A CN201510396686.5A CN201510396686A CN105145417A CN 105145417 A CN105145417 A CN 105145417A CN 201510396686 A CN201510396686 A CN 201510396686A CN 105145417 A CN105145417 A CN 105145417A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pearl cultivation method, and belongs to the aquatic product cultivation technical field; the method comprises the following steps: selecting a cultivation room to cultivate pearl oysters, wherein the cultivation room comprises a culture pond, a first purifying pond, a second purifying pond, and a water storage pond connected in sequence, and top surfaces of the four parts gradually descends in a stepped manner; utilizing a tide difference principle to realize water self-discharge self-irrigation in the pond; arranging a filtering net and a mesh screen to purify water body, thus saving energy, and reducing cultivation cost; arranging the bottom of a net cage to be a waveform surface so as to prevent pathogen infection, thus providing better growth environment for the pearl oysters; preparing nutrient solutions of different components to process cell small particles and pearl cores, thus improving core planting rate, and reducing core repelling phenomenon; applying different fertilizers to accelerate pearl oyster maturation in different stages, and promoting pearl quality in the same time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, be specifically related to the cultural method of a kind of pearl.
Background technology
Pearl is as a kind of bright and colourful, sparkling and crystal-clear brilliant, rare and famous and precious ornament, and dark liking by people masses, can become the jewelrys such as various necklace, bangle, goods of furniture for display rather than for use by processing and refining.Containing abundant amino acid and various trace elements in pearl, therefore itself or famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine, there is effect of clearing heat and detoxicating, arresting convulsion of calming the nerves, eyesight-improving and pain-alleviating, convergence myogenic.Pearl more than 90% is in the market cultured pearl; China cultivates the earliest and is the maximum country of current cultured output; but due to the backwardness of China's cultural technique, the not science of aquaculture management; culture zone planning is unreasonable; over capacity; high-density breeding; cause plant's serious aging; usually there will be pearl culturing clam wound to fester and the even dead phenomenon that catches; in breeding process, pearl culturing clam tells that core rate is high, survival rate is low; and to produce the quality of pearl unstable, the pearl defect rate of formation is high, ball rate is low, high quality pearl negligible amounts.
The content of invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the problems referred to above and defect, and the advantage will illustrated at least is below provided.
The invention provides the cultural method of a kind of pearl, selecting can from row, from the culturing chamber of the circulation of filling with as pearl culturing clam, ensure the dissolved oxygen amount of water body, and be provided with screen pack and screen cloth purifying water body, wavy surface control courses of infection will be set to bottom net cage, for pearl culturing clam provides better growing environment, prepare different nutrient solution process mantle pieces and the slotting core survival rate of pearl core raising, the maturation of pearl culturing clam is accelerated by applying different composite fertilizers at different times, promote quality, obtain the pearl of good quality and high output, increase economic efficiency.
In order to realize these objects of the present invention and other advantage, providing a kind of method for pearl culture, comprising the following steps:
A, the setting of culturing chamber: described culturing chamber comprises culturing pool adjacent successively, first clarifier-tank, second clarifier-tank and cistern, described culturing pool, described first clarifier-tank, described second clarifier-tank and described cistern are the cuboid of adjacent side appearance etc., and upper surface is step wise reduction, its ladder height difference is 50-60cm, the body of wall of the described adjacent length of side is all provided with rectangle strip current opening, described cistern is communicated with described culturing pool by water pump, form the flow path of current, the wall of described culturing pool is provided with fertilizer dispensing port, the place of bottom centre of described culturing pool is provided with agitator, described first clarifier-tank inside is provided with the screen pack of the 50 order mesh being parallel to the adjacent length of side, described screen pack is equal with described first clarifier-tank height, and described first clarifier-tank is divided into two spaces,
The setting of fish culture net cage group: described net cage group comprises 4-5 net cage lifting and forms, for any one net cage, its netted cylindrical shell made for stainless steel steel wire, wire diameter is 6mm, the bottom of described net cage is wavy wire side, wave height is 3cm, and ripple is wide is 10cm, is equipped with gauze above described wave wire side;
B, to injected clear water in described cistern, to splash in clear water 3kg first nutrient solution, multiple described net cage group is put into described cistern soak, the upper surface of described net cage group is apart from the water surface 20-30cm of described cistern, and the waveform wire side of described net cage group is apart from 30-40cm at the bottom of the pond of described cistern;
The first nutrient solution obtained after the purified water mixing of the Poria cocos of described first nutrient solution to be parts by weight be 20-30 part, the chondroitin sulfate of 1-3 part, the rhizoma Gastrodiae of 1-2 part and 80-90 part;
C, to cut into slices to obtain mantle piece at the marginal membrane of operation freshwater mussel, shell is selected to make pearl core, terramycin or the cynnematin solution of mantle piece and pearl core being put into one thousandth concentration soak 10-15 minute, take out mantle piece and pearl core and immerse 30-40 minute in the second nutrient solution, take out mantle piece to be attached on the surface of pearl core, and between mantle piece and pearl core, drip 1mL the 3rd nutrient solution; Select freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam, open pearl culturing clam, mantle piece and pearl core are inserted together in the outer embrane between endepidermis and connective tissue of growing cultured pearls, and in outer embrane, drip 2mL the 3rd nutrient solution, obtain postoperative pearl culturing clam and put it in the net cage in described cistern the 25-30 days that rests, obtaining the pearl culturing clam of wound healing;
The Radix Glycyrrhizae of described second nutrient solution to be parts by weight be 30-40 part, the Chinese yam of 25-35 part, the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS of 18-25 part, 15-20 part Ligusticum wallichii, the second nutrient solution obtained after 12-17 part cassia twig and 1-5 part root of herbaceous peony decoct;
The madribon of described 3rd nutrient solution to be parts by weight be 28-35 part, the fluoquinolone of 17-25 part, the 3rd nutrient solution obtained after the ginsenoside of 12-15 part and the purified water mixing of 55-60 part;
D, the net cage group that the pearl culturing clam of wound healing is housed to be taken out from described cistern, put into described culturing pool to continue to cultivate, described net cage group does not contact with described agitator, the upper surface of described net cage group is apart from the water surface 20-30cm of described culturing pool, and the waveform wire side of described net cage group is apart from 30-40cm at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool;
E, put into described net cage group in described culturing pool before, in culturing pool, food organisms are thrown according to 2-4kg/ square metre of standard, 1kg first composite fertilizer is put in fertilizer dispensing port at described culturing pool every 2-3 days, and turn on agitator stirs, after described net cage group is put into, once described first composite fertilizer is thrown in every 10 days, and each injected volume increases to 2kg, after pearl culturing clam cultivates 1 year, described first composite fertilizer is replaced by second composite fertilizer of 3kg, the water temperature controlling described culturing pool is 15-30 DEG C, pH value is 7-7.5, every 15-20 days, open water pump once, each water circulation 3-5 days, the attachment on described net cage group removing net cage surface and clam shell is taken out every 2-3 month, and to splash described net cage group with saline solution, to remove in described culturing pool and the weeds of pool side and dirt simultaneously, fresh food organisms are thrown in after again putting into described net cage group, newborn to described culturing pool full pool spilling head once with quicklime every 15 days, sooner or later rotten grass is salvaged in inspection in time, residual bait, ripe pearl culturing clam of gathering takes out pearl, the packing of prematurity pearl culturing clam is continued to cultivate,
The fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of the egg shell of described first composite fertilizer to be parts by weight be 80-90 part, peanut shell, dried small shrimp, chestnut shell retting, the potassium chloride of 2-5 part, the diammonium phosphate of 0.5-1 part, the magnesium chloride of 2-4 part, the mixture of the iron sulfate of 1-5 part;
Described second composite fertilizer is the mixture of pig manure, superphosphate, potassium chloride and citric acid of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, described second nutrient solution preparation method is: be the Radix Glycyrrhizae of 30-40 part and the Chinese yam of 25-35 part by parts by weight, and stir-fry after cleaning oven dry 20-30min with high heat, pulverizes after cooling, then with the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS of 18-25 part cleaned, pulverize, 15-20 part Ligusticum wallichii, 12-17 part cassia twig and the mixing of 1-5 part root of herbaceous peony, add 60-70 part heating of seawater and boil 40-50min, cooled and filtered, gets filtrate and is the second nutrient solution.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, described fertilizer dispensing port is arranged on not adjacent with described first clarifier-tank body of wall and apart from 35-45cm place, face, described culturing pool pond, its size is 50cm × 70cm.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, the rectangle strip opening on described adjacent body of wall is all provided with stainless steel mesh screen, and is respectively 5 orders, 80 orders, 100 orders along the mesh screen pore size of stairway degression direction arrangement.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, described food organisms are a kind of in microalgae, photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, the volumetric ratio of described culturing pool, described first clarifier-tank, described second clarifier-tank and described cistern is: 3: 2: 2: 4.
Preferably, the cultural method of described pearl, in pearl culturing clam period of disease, to sick freshwater mussel injection 1-2% quadracycline 1-2mL, soaks freshwater mussel body with 3% saline solution.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:
First, select and comprise the culturing pool that adjacent successively and upper surface is step wise reduction, first clarifier-tank, the culturing chamber of the second clarifier-tank and cistern cultivates pearl culturing clam, utilize tide difference principle, water body can be filled with certainly from row, economize energy, reduce aquaculture cost, first clarifier-tank and the second clarifier-tank two Buffer Pools are set, by sand, the impurity such as earth are trapped at the bottom of clarifier-tank pond, by the mesh screen on the screen pack in the first clarifier-tank and adjacent length of side body of wall, except the phytoplankton of various light weight in anhydrating, algae, inorganic with organic debris etc., the water in cistern is made to be the limpid water body still containing fertilizer, utilize water pump by the water circulation in cistern in culturing pool, changing clean water body for culturing pool makes breeding environment be in health status, adopt water circulation model on the other hand, be conducive to the oxygen content improving water body, for pearl culturing clam provides enough oxygen,
Second, fertilizer mouth on culturing pool wall the input facilitating different fertilizer is set, the agitator at place of culturing pool bottom centre can promote the rapid solution of fertilizer, also motion and the heat transmission of upper and lower water body can be promoted, select the netted cylindrical shell of stainless steel steel wire as fish culture net cage, increase net cage self total amount, keep net cage stablizing in pond, avoid stormy waves, the impact of water flow fluctuation and drifting about, be set to waveform wire side bottom net cage make between pearl culturing clam, to keep a determining deviation, and spacing can not change because of the swing of net cage, the contact of freshwater mussel and freshwater mussel and the courses of infection that causes can be prevented and treated simultaneously, for pearl culturing clam provides better growing environment, wave wire side lays gauze, pearl culturing clam is avoided to contact with at the bottom of net cage stainless (steel) wire, and convenient recovery takes off core, the upper surface distance water surface 20-30cm of net cage group ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam, 30-40cm at the bottom of the wave wire side distance pond of net cage group, avoid net cage to touch mud and cause the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten,
Three, effect of the favourable water of Poria cocos, detumescence, raising immunity, chondroitin sulfate, the rhizoma Gastrodiae of cooperation constant weight number mix obtained first nutrient solution with purified water, very large facilitation is played to pearl culturing clam healing of wound and the normal raw body function of recovery, before operation freshwater mussel enters pond, the first nutrient solution is splashed in the clear water of cistern, the environment of resting regulating salubrious water body to provide for the pearl culturing clam had a delicate constitution of just having performed the operation, makes pearl culturing clam wound heal as early as possible;
Four, use the terramycin of one thousandth concentration or cynnematin solution to soak mantle piece and pearl core, improve cellular immunity and the humoral immune function of mantle piece, stir-fry Radix Glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam of intense fire is conducive to improving the albumen in the Sodium Benzoate and Chinese yam in Radix Glycyrrhizae with bacteriostasis with strong body, the activity of the active principles such as vitamin, a certain proportion of Radix Glycyrrhizae, Chinese yam, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS, rhizome of chuanxiong, cassia twig and root of herbaceous peony mixing add is rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, decoct in the seawater of the mineral matters such as sulphur and obtain the second nutrient solution, the activity of secreting the various enzymes such as relevant alkaline phosphatase to nacre can be activated, and then improve the quality of pearl, between mantle piece and pearl core, drip in pearl culturing clam outer embrane containing madribon, 3rd nutrient solution of fluoquinolone two kinds of antibiotic and ginsenoside, good sterilization is had to postoperative pearl culturing clam, anti-inflammatory, promote effect that damaged tissue is repaired, reduce infection and the rejection of Post operation generation, improve and insert core survival rate, reduce and tell nuclear phenomenon,
5th, microalgae is thrown in culturing pool, in photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast, a kind of food organisms are that pearl culturing clam improves necessary material base, calcium is rich in utilization, iron, manganese, the egg shell of zinc ore material, peanut shell, dried small shrimp, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of chestnut shell retting, coordinate a certain amount of potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride and obtained first composite fertilizer of iron sulfate, organic nutrient and micronutrient abundance, coordinate rationally, add the absorption of magnesium chloride to calcium ion and play facilitation, first composite fertilizer provides necessary nutrient component for food organisms and pearl culturing clam, promote the quick growth of pearl culturing clam, obtain the pearl of excellent quality, after pearl culturing clam cultivates 1 year, the first composite fertilizer is replaced by the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate, second composite fertilizer of potassium chloride and citric acid, the fertilizer efficiency increased in culturing pool accelerates the maturation of pearl culturing clam, promote the quality of pearl,
Six, regularly remove the attachment on net cage and clam shell, and in pond and pool side weeds, dirt, ensure the health of pearl culturing clam growing environment, with quicklime breast to the sterilization of culturing pool full pool spilling head, reduce the incidence of disease of pearl culturing clam.
1-11-21-32-12-23-1
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of culturing chamber described in embodiment in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of net cage described in embodiment in the present invention.
Embodiment:
< embodiment 1>
A cultural method for pearl, comprises the following steps:
A, the setting of culturing chamber: described culturing chamber comprises culturing pool 1 adjacent successively, first clarifier-tank 2, second clarifier-tank 3 and cistern 4, described culturing pool 1, described first clarifier-tank 2, described second clarifier-tank 3 and described cistern 4 are the cuboid of adjacent side appearance etc., volumetric ratio is: 3: 2: 2: 4, and upper surface is step wise reduction, its ladder height difference is 50cm, the body of wall of the described adjacent length of side is all provided with rectangle strip current opening, opening part is all provided with mesh screen 13, 21, 31, and mesh screen 13, 21, 31 pore sizes arranged along stairway degression direction are respectively 5 orders, 80 orders, 100 orders, described cistern 4 is communicated with described culturing pool 1 by water pump 5, form the flow path of current, utilize tide difference principle, the water realized in pond is filled with certainly from row, economize energy, reduce aquaculture cost, on the wall of described culturing pool 1,35cm place, face, culturing pool 1 pond described in distance is provided with size is 50cm × 70cm fertilizer dispensing port 11, facilitate the input of different fertilizer, the place of bottom centre of described culturing pool 1 is provided with agitator 12, the rapid solution of fertilizer can be promoted, also motion and the heat transmission of upper and lower water body can be promoted, described first clarifier-tank 2 inside is provided with the screen pack 22 of the 50 order mesh being parallel to the adjacent length of side, except the phytoplankton of various light weight in anhydrating, algae, inorganic with organic debris etc., make the water in cistern 4 for still containing fertilizer limpid water body described in screen pack 22 highly equal with described first clarifier-tank 2, and described first clarifier-tank 2 is divided into two spaces,
The setting of fish culture net cage group: described net cage group comprises 4 net cage 6 liftings and forms, for any one net cage 6, its netted cylindrical shell made for stainless steel steel wire, wire diameter is 6mm, increase self total amount of net cage 6, keep net cage 6 stablizing in pond, avoid stormy waves, the impact of water flow fluctuation and drifting about, the bottom of described net cage 6 is wavy wire side 7, wave height is 3cm, ripple is wide is 10cm, make between pearl culturing clam, to keep a determining deviation, and spacing can not change because of the swing of net cage 6, the contact of freshwater mussel and freshwater mussel and the courses of infection that causes can be prevented and treated simultaneously, for pearl culturing clam provides better growing environment, gauze is equipped with above described wave wire side 7, pearl culturing clam is avoided to contact with at the bottom of net cage 6 stainless (steel) wire, and convenient recovery takes off core,
B, injected clear water in described cistern 4, the 3kg that splashes in clear water comprises the favourable water that parts by weight are 20 parts, detumescence, improve the Poria cocos of effect of immunity, the chondroitin sulfate of 1 part, first nutrient solution of the purified water of the rhizoma Gastrodiae of 1 part and 80 parts, very large facilitation is played to pearl culturing clam healing of wound and the normal raw body function of recovery, regulate the environment of resting that salubrious water body provides for the pearl culturing clam had a delicate constitution of just having performed the operation, pearl culturing clam wound is healed as early as possible, multiple described net cage group is put into described cistern 4 to soak, the upper surface of described net cage group ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam apart from the water surface 20cm of described cistern 4, the waveform wire side 7 of described net cage group is apart from 30cm at the bottom of the pond of described cistern 4, net cage 6 is avoided to touch mud and cause the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten,
C, to cut into slices to obtain mantle piece at the marginal membrane of operation freshwater mussel, shell is selected to make pearl core, terramycin or the cynnematin solution of mantle piece and pearl core being put into one thousandth concentration soak 10 minutes, improve cellular immunity and the humoral immune function of mantle piece, take out mantle piece and pearl core and immerse the Radix Glycyrrhizae that parts by weight are 30 parts, the Chinese yam of 25 parts, the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS of 18 parts, 15 parts of Ligusticum wallichiis, 12 parts of cassia twig and 1 portion of root of herbaceous peony decoct, cooling, in the second nutrient solution obtained after filtration 30 minutes, the activity of secreting the various enzymes such as relevant alkaline phosphatase to nacre can be activated, and then improve the quality of pearl, wherein Radix Glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam are the Radix Glycyrrhizae that stir-fried of intense fire and Chinese yam, stir-fry Radix Glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam of intense fire is conducive to improving the albumen in the Sodium Benzoate and Chinese yam in Radix Glycyrrhizae with bacteriostasis with strong body, the activity of the active principles such as vitamin, taking out mantle piece is attached on the surface of pearl core, and between mantle piece and pearl core, drip 1mL contain madribon, 3rd nutrient solution of fluoquinolone two kinds of antibiotic and ginsenoside, select freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam, open pearl culturing clam, mantle piece and pearl core are inserted together in the outer embrane between endepidermis and connective tissue of growing cultured pearls, and in outer embrane, drip 2mL the 3rd nutrient solution, to effect that postoperative pearl culturing clam has good sterilization, anti-inflammatory, promotion damaged tissue to repair, reduce infection and the rejection of Post operation generation, improve and insert core survival rate, reduction is told nuclear phenomenon and is obtained postoperative pearl culturing clam and put it in the net cage 6 in described cistern 4 resting 25 days, obtains the pearl culturing clam of wound healing,
D, the net cage group that the pearl culturing clam of wound healing is housed to be taken out from described cistern 4, put into described culturing pool 1 to continue to cultivate, described net cage group does not contact with described agitator 12, the upper surface of described net cage group ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam apart from the water surface 20cm of described culturing pool 1, the waveform wire side 7 of described net cage group, apart from 30cm at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool 1, avoids net cage 6 touch mud and cause the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten;
E, put into described net cage group in described culturing pool 1 before, in culturing pool 1, microalgae is thrown according to 2kg/ square metre of standard, food organisms a kind of in photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast, for pearl culturing clam improves necessary material base, in the fertilizer dispensing port 11 of described culturing pool 1, put into 1kg every 2 days and be rich in calcium, iron, manganese, the egg shell of zinc ore material, peanut shell, dried small shrimp, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of chestnut shell retting, coordinate a certain amount of potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride and obtained first composite fertilizer of iron sulfate, and turn on agitator 12 stirs, promote the dissolving of the first composite fertilizer, for food organisms and pearl culturing clam provide necessary nutrient component, promote the quick growth of pearl culturing clam, obtain the pearl of excellent quality, after described net cage group is put into, once described first composite fertilizer is thrown in every 10 days, and each injected volume increases to 2kg, after pearl culturing clam cultivates 1 year, described first composite fertilizer is replaced by 3kg to become thoroughly decomposed pig manure, superphosphate, the second composite fertilizer that potassium chloride and citric acid obtain, the fertilizer efficiency increased in culturing pool 1 accelerates the maturation of pearl culturing clam, promote the quality of pearl, the water temperature controlling described culturing pool 1 is 15 DEG C, pH value is 7, every 15 days, open water pump 5 once, each water circulation 3 days, the attachment on described net cage group removing net cage 6 surface and clam shell is taken out every 2 months, and to splash described net cage group with saline solution, to remove in described culturing pool 1 and the weeds of pool side and dirt simultaneously, fresh food organisms are thrown in after again putting into described net cage group, newborn to described culturing pool 1 full pool spilling head once with quicklime every 15 days, culturing pool 1 is sterilized, sooner or later rotten grass is salvaged in inspection in time, residual bait, reduce the incidence of disease of pearl culturing clam, in pearl culturing clam period of disease, 1% quadracycline 1mL is injected to sick freshwater mussel, freshwater mussel body is soaked with 3% saline solution, ripe pearl culturing clam of gathering in time takes out pearl, the packing of prematurity pearl culturing clam is continued to cultivate.
< embodiment 2>
A cultural method for pearl, comprises the following steps:
A, the setting of culturing chamber: described culturing chamber comprises culturing pool 1 adjacent successively, first clarifier-tank 2, second clarifier-tank 3 and cistern 4, described culturing pool 1, described first clarifier-tank 2, described second clarifier-tank 3 and described cistern 4 are the cuboid of adjacent side appearance etc., volumetric ratio is: 3: 2: 2: 4, and upper surface is step wise reduction, its ladder height difference is 60cm, the body of wall of the described adjacent length of side is all provided with rectangle strip current opening, opening part is all provided with mesh screen 13, 21, 31, and mesh screen 13, 21, 31 pore sizes arranged along stairway degression direction are respectively 5 orders, 80 orders, 100 orders, described cistern 4 is communicated with described culturing pool 1 by water pump 5, form the flow path of current, utilize tide difference principle, the water realized in pond is filled with certainly from row, economize energy, reduce aquaculture cost, on the wall of described culturing pool 1,45cm place, face, culturing pool 1 pond described in distance is provided with size is 50cm × 70cm fertilizer dispensing port 11, facilitate the input of different fertilizer, the place of bottom centre of described culturing pool 1 is provided with agitator 12, the rapid solution of fertilizer can be promoted, also motion and the heat transmission of upper and lower water body can be promoted, described first clarifier-tank 2 inside is provided with the screen pack 22 of the 50 order mesh being parallel to the adjacent length of side, except the phytoplankton of various light weight in anhydrating, algae, inorganic with organic debris etc., make the water in cistern 4 for still containing fertilizer limpid water body described in screen pack 22 highly equal with described first clarifier-tank 2, and described first clarifier-tank 2 is divided into two spaces,
The setting of fish culture net cage group: described net cage group comprises 5 net cage 6 liftings and forms, for any one net cage 6, its netted cylindrical shell made for stainless steel steel wire, wire diameter is 6mm, increase self total amount of net cage 6, keep net cage 6 stablizing in pond, avoid stormy waves, the impact of water flow fluctuation and drifting about, the bottom of described net cage 6 is wavy wire side 7, wave height is 3cm, ripple is wide is 10cm, make between pearl culturing clam, to keep a determining deviation, and spacing can not change because of the swing of net cage 6, the contact of freshwater mussel and freshwater mussel and the courses of infection that causes can be prevented and treated simultaneously, for pearl culturing clam provides better growing environment, gauze is equipped with above described wave wire side 7, pearl culturing clam is avoided to contact with at the bottom of net cage 6 stainless (steel) wire, and convenient recovery takes off core,
B, injected clear water in described cistern 4, the 3kg that splashes in clear water comprises the favourable water that parts by weight are 30 parts, detumescence, improve the Poria cocos of effect of immunity, the chondroitin sulfate of 3 parts, first nutrient solution of the purified water of the rhizoma Gastrodiae of 2 parts and 90 parts, very large facilitation is played to pearl culturing clam healing of wound and the normal raw body function of recovery, regulate the environment of resting that salubrious water body provides for the pearl culturing clam had a delicate constitution of just having performed the operation, pearl culturing clam wound is healed as early as possible, multiple described net cage group is put into described cistern 4 to soak, the upper surface of described net cage group ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam apart from the water surface 30cm of described cistern 4, the waveform wire side 7 of described net cage group is apart from 40cm at the bottom of the pond of described cistern 4, net cage 6 is avoided to touch mud and cause the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten,
C, to cut into slices to obtain mantle piece at the marginal membrane of operation freshwater mussel, shell is selected to make pearl core, terramycin or the cynnematin solution of mantle piece and pearl core being put into one thousandth concentration soak 15 minutes, improve cellular immunity and the humoral immune function of mantle piece, take out mantle piece and pearl core and immerse the Radix Glycyrrhizae that parts by weight are 40 parts, the Chinese yam of 35 parts, the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS of 25 parts, 15-20 part Ligusticum wallichii, 17 parts of cassia twig and 1-5 part root of herbaceous peony decoct, cooling, in the second nutrient solution obtained after filtration 40 minutes, the activity of secreting the various enzymes such as relevant alkaline phosphatase to nacre can be activated, and then improve the quality of pearl, wherein Radix Glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam are the Radix Glycyrrhizae that stir-fried of intense fire and Chinese yam, stir-fry Radix Glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam of intense fire is conducive to improving the albumen in the Sodium Benzoate and Chinese yam in Radix Glycyrrhizae with bacteriostasis with strong body, the activity of the active principles such as vitamin, taking out mantle piece is attached on the surface of pearl core, and between mantle piece and pearl core, drip 1mL contain madribon, 3rd nutrient solution of fluoquinolone two kinds of antibiotic and ginsenoside, select freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam, open pearl culturing clam, mantle piece and pearl core are inserted together in the outer embrane between endepidermis and connective tissue of growing cultured pearls, and in outer embrane, drip 2mL the 3rd nutrient solution, to effect that postoperative pearl culturing clam has good sterilization, anti-inflammatory, promotion damaged tissue to repair, reduce infection and the rejection of Post operation generation, improve and insert core survival rate, reduction is told nuclear phenomenon and is obtained postoperative pearl culturing clam and put it in the net cage 6 in described cistern 4 resting 30 days, obtains the pearl culturing clam of wound healing,
D, the net cage group that the pearl culturing clam of wound healing is housed to be taken out from described cistern 4, put into described culturing pool 1 to continue to cultivate, described net cage group does not contact with described agitator 12, the upper surface of described net cage group ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam apart from the water surface 30cm of described culturing pool 1, the waveform wire side 7 of described net cage group, apart from 40cm at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool 1, avoids net cage 6 touch mud and cause the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten;
E, put into described net cage group in described culturing pool 1 before, in culturing pool 1, microalgae is thrown according to 4kg/ square metre of standard, food organisms a kind of in photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast, for pearl culturing clam improves necessary material base, in the fertilizer dispensing port 11 of described culturing pool 1, put into 1kg every 3 days and be rich in calcium, iron, manganese, the egg shell of zinc ore material, peanut shell, dried small shrimp, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of chestnut shell retting, coordinate a certain amount of potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride and obtained first composite fertilizer of iron sulfate, and turn on agitator 12 stirs, promote the dissolving of the first composite fertilizer, for food organisms and pearl culturing clam provide necessary nutrient component, promote the quick growth of pearl culturing clam, obtain the pearl of excellent quality, after described net cage group is put into, once described first composite fertilizer is thrown in every 10 days, and each injected volume increases to 2kg, after pearl culturing clam cultivates 1 year, described first composite fertilizer is replaced by 3kg to become thoroughly decomposed pig manure, superphosphate, the second composite fertilizer that potassium chloride and citric acid obtain, the fertilizer efficiency increased in culturing pool 1 accelerates the maturation of pearl culturing clam, promote the quality of pearl, the water temperature controlling described culturing pool 1 is 30 DEG C, pH value is 7.5, every 20 days, open water pump 5 once, each water circulation 5 days, take out the attachment on described net cage group removing net cage 6 surface and clam shell at quarterly intervals, and to splash described net cage group with saline solution, to remove in described culturing pool 1 and the weeds of pool side and dirt simultaneously, fresh food organisms are thrown in after again putting into described net cage group, newborn to described culturing pool 1 full pool spilling head once with quicklime every 15 days, culturing pool 1 is sterilized, sooner or later rotten grass is salvaged in inspection in time, residual bait, reduce the incidence of disease of pearl culturing clam, in pearl culturing clam period of disease, 2% quadracycline 2mL is injected to sick freshwater mussel, freshwater mussel body is soaked with 3% saline solution, ripe pearl culturing clam of gathering in time takes out pearl, the packing of prematurity pearl culturing clam is continued to cultivate.
< embodiment 3>
A cultural method for pearl, comprises the following steps:
A, the setting of culturing chamber: described culturing chamber comprises culturing pool 1 adjacent successively, first clarifier-tank 2, second clarifier-tank 3 and cistern 4, described culturing pool 1, described first clarifier-tank 2, described second clarifier-tank 3 and described cistern 4 are the cuboid of adjacent side appearance etc., volumetric ratio is: 3: 2: 2: 4, and upper surface is step wise reduction, its ladder height difference is 55cm, the body of wall of the described adjacent length of side is all provided with rectangle strip current opening, opening part is all provided with mesh screen 13, 21, 31, and mesh screen 13, 21, 31 pore sizes arranged along stairway degression direction are respectively 5 orders, 80 orders, 100 orders, described cistern 4 is communicated with described culturing pool 1 by water pump 5, form the flow path of current, utilize tide difference principle, the water realized in pond is filled with certainly from row, economize energy, reduce aquaculture cost, on the wall of described culturing pool 1,40cm place, face, culturing pool 1 pond described in distance is provided with size is 50cm × 70cm fertilizer dispensing port 11, facilitate the input of different fertilizer, the place of bottom centre of described culturing pool 1 is provided with agitator 12, the rapid solution of fertilizer can be promoted, also motion and the heat transmission of upper and lower water body can be promoted, described first clarifier-tank 2 inside is provided with the screen pack 22 of the 50 order mesh being parallel to the adjacent length of side, except the phytoplankton of various light weight in anhydrating, algae, inorganic with organic debris etc., make the water in cistern 4 for still containing fertilizer limpid water body described in screen pack 22 highly equal with described first clarifier-tank 2, and described first clarifier-tank 2 is divided into two spaces,
The setting of fish culture net cage group: described net cage group comprises 4 net cage 6 liftings and forms, for any one net cage 6, its netted cylindrical shell made for stainless steel steel wire, wire diameter is 6mm, increase self total amount of net cage 6, keep net cage 6 stablizing in pond, avoid stormy waves, the impact of water flow fluctuation and drifting about, the bottom of described net cage 6 is wavy wire side 7, wave height is 3cm, ripple is wide is 10cm, make between pearl culturing clam, to keep a determining deviation, and spacing can not change because of the swing of net cage 6, the contact of freshwater mussel and freshwater mussel and the courses of infection that causes can be prevented and treated simultaneously, for pearl culturing clam provides better growing environment, gauze is equipped with above described wave wire side 7, pearl culturing clam is avoided to contact with at the bottom of net cage 6 stainless (steel) wire, and convenient recovery takes off core,
B, injected clear water in described cistern 4, the 3kg that splashes in clear water comprises the favourable water that parts by weight are 25 parts, detumescence, improve the Poria cocos of effect of immunity, the chondroitin sulfate of 2 parts, first nutrient solution of the purified water of the rhizoma Gastrodiae of 1.5 parts and 85 parts, very large facilitation is played to pearl culturing clam healing of wound and the normal raw body function of recovery, regulate the environment of resting that salubrious water body provides for the pearl culturing clam had a delicate constitution of just having performed the operation, pearl culturing clam wound is healed as early as possible, multiple described net cage group is put into described cistern 4 to soak, the upper surface of described net cage group ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam apart from the water surface 25cm of described cistern 4, the waveform wire side 7 of described net cage group is apart from 35cm at the bottom of the pond of described cistern 4, net cage 6 is avoided to touch mud and cause the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten,
C, to cut into slices to obtain mantle piece at the marginal membrane of operation freshwater mussel, shell is selected to make pearl core, terramycin or the cynnematin solution of mantle piece and pearl core being put into one thousandth concentration soak 13 minutes, improve cellular immunity and the humoral immune function of mantle piece, take out mantle piece and pearl core and immerse the Radix Glycyrrhizae that parts by weight are 35 parts, the Chinese yam of 30 parts, the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS of 20 parts, 18 parts of Ligusticum wallichiis, 15 parts of cassia twig and 3 portions of root of herbaceous peonys decoct, cooling, in the second nutrient solution obtained after filtration 35 minutes, the activity of secreting the various enzymes such as relevant alkaline phosphatase to nacre can be activated, and then improve the quality of pearl, wherein Radix Glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam are the Radix Glycyrrhizae that stir-fried of intense fire and Chinese yam, stir-fry Radix Glycyrrhizae and Chinese yam of intense fire is conducive to improving the albumen in the Sodium Benzoate and Chinese yam in Radix Glycyrrhizae with bacteriostasis with strong body, the activity of the active principles such as vitamin, taking out mantle piece is attached on the surface of pearl core, and between mantle piece and pearl core, drip 1mL contain madribon, 3rd nutrient solution of fluoquinolone two kinds of antibiotic and ginsenoside, select freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam, open pearl culturing clam, mantle piece and pearl core are inserted together in the outer embrane between endepidermis and connective tissue of growing cultured pearls, and in outer embrane, drip 2mL the 3rd nutrient solution, to effect that postoperative pearl culturing clam has good sterilization, anti-inflammatory, promotion damaged tissue to repair, reduce infection and the rejection of Post operation generation, improve and insert core survival rate, reduction is told nuclear phenomenon and is obtained postoperative pearl culturing clam and put it in the net cage 6 in described cistern 4 resting 28 days, obtains the pearl culturing clam of wound healing,
D, the net cage group that the pearl culturing clam of wound healing is housed to be taken out from described cistern 4, put into described culturing pool 1 to continue to cultivate, described net cage group does not contact with described agitator 12, the upper surface of described net cage group ensures the oxygen demand of pearl culturing clam apart from the water surface 25cm of described culturing pool 1, the waveform wire side 7 of described net cage group, apart from 35cm at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool 1, avoids net cage 6 touch mud and cause the pollution of pearl culturing clam wound to produce rotten;
E, put into described net cage group in described culturing pool 1 before, in culturing pool 1, microalgae is thrown according to 3kg/ square metre of standard, food organisms a kind of in photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast, for pearl culturing clam improves necessary material base, in the fertilizer dispensing port 11 of described culturing pool 1, put into 1kg every 2.5 days and be rich in calcium, iron, manganese, the egg shell of zinc ore material, peanut shell, dried small shrimp, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of chestnut shell retting, coordinate a certain amount of potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride and obtained first composite fertilizer of iron sulfate, and turn on agitator 12 stirs, promote the dissolving of the first composite fertilizer, for food organisms and pearl culturing clam provide necessary nutrient component, promote the quick growth of pearl culturing clam, obtain the pearl of excellent quality, after described net cage group is put into, once described first composite fertilizer is thrown in every 10 days, and each injected volume increases to 2kg, after pearl culturing clam cultivates 1 year, described first composite fertilizer is replaced by 3kg to become thoroughly decomposed pig manure, superphosphate, the second composite fertilizer that potassium chloride and citric acid obtain, the fertilizer efficiency increased in culturing pool 1 accelerates the maturation of pearl culturing clam, promote the quality of pearl, the water temperature controlling described culturing pool 1 is 23 DEG C, pH value is 7.3, every 18 days, open water pump 5 once, each water circulation 4 days, the attachment on described net cage group removing net cage 6 surface and clam shell is taken out every 2.5 months, and to splash described net cage group with saline solution, to remove in described culturing pool 1 and the weeds of pool side and dirt simultaneously, fresh food organisms are thrown in after again putting into described net cage group, newborn to described culturing pool 1 full pool spilling head once with quicklime every 15 days, culturing pool 1 is sterilized, sooner or later rotten grass is salvaged in inspection in time, residual bait, reduce the incidence of disease of pearl culturing clam, in pearl culturing clam period of disease, 1.5% quadracycline 1.5mL is injected to sick freshwater mussel, freshwater mussel body is soaked with 3% saline solution, ripe pearl culturing clam of gathering in time takes out pearl, the packing of prematurity pearl culturing clam is continued to cultivate.
The culturing chamber simple structure arranged in above-described embodiment, economize energy, reduce aquaculture cost, growth for pearl culturing clam provides clean healthy growing environment, improve the quality of pearl, pearl culturing clam in the present invention in embodiment 3 insert core rate comparatively conventional method improve 20%, the phase bead yield rate of growing cultured pearls improves 14%.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the embodiment described.
Claims (7)
1. a method for pearl culture, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, the setting of culturing chamber: described culturing chamber comprises culturing pool adjacent successively, first clarifier-tank, second clarifier-tank and cistern, described culturing pool, described first clarifier-tank, described second clarifier-tank and described cistern are the cuboid of adjacent side appearance etc., and upper surface is step wise reduction, its ladder height difference is 50-60cm, the body of wall of the described adjacent length of side is all provided with rectangle strip current opening, described cistern is communicated with described culturing pool by water pump, form the flow path of current, the wall of described culturing pool is provided with fertilizer dispensing port, the place of bottom centre of described culturing pool is provided with agitator, described first clarifier-tank inside is provided with the screen pack of the 50 order mesh being parallel to the adjacent length of side, described screen pack is equal with described first clarifier-tank height, and described first clarifier-tank is divided into two spaces,
The setting of fish culture net cage group: described net cage group comprises 4-5 net cage lifting and forms, for any one net cage, its netted cylindrical shell made for stainless steel steel wire, wire diameter is 6mm, the bottom of described net cage is wavy wire side, wave height is 3cm, and ripple is wide is 10cm, is equipped with gauze above described wave wire side;
B, to injected clear water in described cistern, to splash in clear water 3kg first nutrient solution, multiple described net cage group is put into described cistern soak, the upper surface of described net cage group is apart from the water surface 20-30cm of described cistern, and the waveform wire side of described net cage group is apart from 30-40cm at the bottom of the pond of described cistern;
The first nutrient solution obtained after the purified water mixing of the Poria cocos of described first nutrient solution to be parts by weight be 20-30 part, the chondroitin sulfate of 1-3 part, the rhizoma Gastrodiae of 1-2 part and 80-90 part;
C, to cut into slices to obtain mantle piece at the marginal membrane of operation freshwater mussel, shell is selected to make pearl core, terramycin or the cynnematin solution of mantle piece and pearl core being put into one thousandth concentration soak 10-15 minute, take out mantle piece and pearl core and immerse 30-40 minute in the second nutrient solution, take out mantle piece to be attached on the surface of pearl core, and between mantle piece and pearl core, drip 1mL the 3rd nutrient solution; Select freshwater mussel as pearl culturing clam, open pearl culturing clam, mantle piece and pearl core are inserted together in the outer embrane between endepidermis and connective tissue of growing cultured pearls, and in outer embrane, drip 2mL the 3rd nutrient solution, obtain postoperative pearl culturing clam and put it in the net cage in described cistern the 25-30 days that rests, obtaining the pearl culturing clam of wound healing;
The Radix Glycyrrhizae of described second nutrient solution to be parts by weight be 30-40 part, the Chinese yam of 25-35 part, the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS of 18-25 part, 15-20 part Ligusticum wallichii, the second nutrient solution obtained after 12-17 part cassia twig and 1-5 part root of herbaceous peony decoct;
The madribon of described 3rd nutrient solution to be parts by weight be 28-35 part, the fluoquinolone of 17-25 part, the 3rd nutrient solution obtained after the ginsenoside of 12-15 part and the purified water mixing of 55-60 part;
D, the net cage group that the pearl culturing clam of wound healing is housed to be taken out from described cistern, put into described culturing pool to continue to cultivate, described net cage group does not contact with described agitator, the upper surface of described net cage group is apart from the water surface 20-30cm of described culturing pool, and the waveform wire side of described net cage group is apart from 30-40cm at the bottom of the pond of described culturing pool;
E, put into described net cage group in described culturing pool before, in culturing pool, food organisms are thrown according to 2-4kg/ square metre of standard, 1kg first composite fertilizer is put in fertilizer dispensing port at described culturing pool every 2-3 days, and turn on agitator stirs, after described net cage group is put into, once described first composite fertilizer is thrown in every 10 days, and each injected volume increases to 2kg, after pearl culturing clam cultivates 1 year, described first composite fertilizer is replaced by second composite fertilizer of 3kg, the water temperature controlling described culturing pool is 15-30 DEG C, pH value is 7-7.5, every 15-20 days, open water pump once, each water circulation 3-5 days, the attachment on described net cage group removing net cage surface and clam shell is taken out every 2-3 month, and to splash described net cage group with saline solution, to remove in described culturing pool and the weeds of pool side and dirt simultaneously, fresh food organisms are thrown in after again putting into described net cage group, newborn to described culturing pool full pool spilling head once with quicklime every 15 days, sooner or later rotten grass is salvaged in inspection in time, residual bait, ripe pearl culturing clam of gathering takes out pearl, the packing of prematurity pearl culturing clam is continued to cultivate,
The fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of the egg shell of described first composite fertilizer to be parts by weight be 80-90 part, peanut shell, dried small shrimp, chestnut shell retting, the potassium chloride of 2-5 part, the diammonium phosphate of 0.5-1 part, the magnesium chloride of 2-4 part, the mixture of the iron sulfate of 1-5 part;
Described second composite fertilizer is the mixture of pig manure, superphosphate, potassium chloride and citric acid of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
2. the cultural method of a kind of pearl as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described second nutrient solution preparation method is: be the Radix Glycyrrhizae of 30-40 part and the Chinese yam of 25-35 part by parts by weight, and stir-fry after cleaning oven dry 20-30min with high heat, pulverizes after cooling, then with the Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS of 18-25 part cleaned, pulverize, 15-20 part Ligusticum wallichii, 12-17 part cassia twig and the mixing of 1-5 part root of herbaceous peony, add 60-70 part heating of seawater and boil 40-50min, cooled and filtered, gets filtrate and is the second nutrient solution.
3. the cultural method of a kind of pearl as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described fertilizer dispensing port is arranged on not adjacent with described first clarifier-tank body of wall and apart from 35-45cm place, face, described culturing pool pond, its size is 50cm × 70cm.
4. the cultural method of a kind of pearl as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the rectangle strip opening on described adjacent body of wall is all provided with stainless steel mesh screen, and is respectively 5 orders, 80 orders, 100 orders along the mesh screen pore size of stairway degression direction arrangement.
5. the cultural method of a kind of pearl as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described food organisms are a kind of in microalgae, photosynthetic bacteria or marine yeast.
6. the cultural method of a kind of pearl as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, the volumetric ratio of described culturing pool, described first clarifier-tank, described second clarifier-tank and described cistern is: 3: 2: 2: 4.
7. the cultural method of a kind of pearl as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, in pearl culturing clam period of disease, to sick freshwater mussel injection 1-2% quadracycline 1-2mL, soaks freshwater mussel body with 3% saline solution.
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| CN107182873A (en) * | 2017-05-28 | 2017-09-22 | 叶冠先 | Pearl environment-protecting cultivation method |
| CN107279024A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-10-24 | 北海大正华盛养殖有限公司 | Temperature controllable pearl culture pond |
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