CN110269017B - Harmless freshwater pearl culture method - Google Patents
Harmless freshwater pearl culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110269017B CN110269017B CN201910600721.9A CN201910600721A CN110269017B CN 110269017 B CN110269017 B CN 110269017B CN 201910600721 A CN201910600721 A CN 201910600721A CN 110269017 B CN110269017 B CN 110269017B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/55—Baskets therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a harmless freshwater pearl culture method, belonging to the field of freshwater pearl culture, and the harmless freshwater pearl culture method comprises establishing a culture ecology, establishing a pearl mussel culture pond, a raw aquatic product culture pond and a water purification pond which are mutually isolated, wherein the pearl mussel culture pond is divided into a young mussel culture pond and an adult mussel culture pond, the young mussel culture pond, the adult mussel culture pond, the raw aquatic product culture pond and the water purification pond which are mutually isolated are established, an annular circulation culture system is formed by the communication of circulating pumps, through the separation and utilization of water bodies in different culture ponds, fully utilized water bodies are introduced into the water purification pond to be subjected to electrolysis and filtration treatment, the contents of nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and harmful substances in the water bodies are effectively reduced, the waste water is converted into raw materials, the treated raw materials are circulated and introduced into the culture ponds at all levels, so that the water bodies of the whole culture system are purified, but also saves the cost and lightens the environmental pollution degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of freshwater pearl culture, in particular to a harmless freshwater pearl culture method.
Background
With the continuous expansion of the pearl culture industry, the pearl yield of China is continuously improved, the pearl yield reaches a peak period in the last years, more than four thousand tons are produced annually, and China also becomes the largest world producing country of fresh water pearls. Then, the yield of the pearls starts to slide down due to reasons of overlarge yield of the pearls, improper culture management and the like. And many problems are brought by pearl culture, such as: diseases, water pollution, poor pearl quality, etc.
The water quality pollution is a hot topic of the society at present, and when the pearl oyster cultivation is carried out, fertilizer and bait are excessively put into water, so that the water quality pollution is caused, a water body is damaged, the environment pollution forces a plurality of local related policies to suppress and reduce the cultivation area, the pearl industry slides down, and therefore, the pearl oyster cultivation method brings poor economic benefits to pearl oyster cultivators.
Therefore, the harmless breeding method of the fresh water pearls is provided, and the burden of the breeding environment is effectively reduced through the recycling of the breeding water body, so that the economic benefit of pearl breeding is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a harmless freshwater pearl culture method, which comprises the steps of establishing a young mussel culture pond, an adult mussel culture pond, a raw aquatic product culture pond and a water purification pond which are mutually isolated, forming an annular circulating culture system through the communication of a circulating pump, wherein 1-2-year-old young mussels are distributed in the young mussel culture pond, the daily food intake and the excretion are in relatively low time intervals, the nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations are very low, a water body purified by the water purification pond is firstly introduced into the young mussel culture pond for the survival of the small mussels, the water body in the young mussel culture pond is discharged into the adult mussel culture pond for the survival of 3-5-year-old large mussels within a certain time, and when the water body in the old mussel culture pond has high-concentration nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and more excretions, the water body in the adult mussel culture pond is introduced into the raw aquatic product culture pond for the digestion of fishes, And finally, the wastewater in the original aquaculture pond is introduced into a water purification pond, and the contents of nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and harmful substances in the water body are effectively reduced through electrolysis and filtration treatment, so that the wastewater is converted into the raw material, the water body of the whole aquaculture system is purified, the cost is saved, and the environmental pollution degree is reduced.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A harmless culture method of fresh water pearls comprises the following steps:
establishing a breeding ecology, namely establishing a pearl mussel breeding pond, a raw aquatic product breeding pond and a water purification pond which are mutually isolated, wherein the pearl mussel breeding pond is divided into a young mussel breeding pond and an adult mussel breeding pond, the young mussel breeding pond, the adult mussel breeding pond, the raw aquatic product breeding pond and the water purification pond are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water outlet of the young mussel breeding pond is communicated with the water inlet of the adult mussel breeding pond, the water outlet of the adult mussel breeding pond is communicated with the water inlet of the raw aquatic product breeding pond, the water outlet of the raw aquatic product breeding pond is communicated with the water inlet of the water purification pond, the water outlet of the water purification pond is communicated with the water inlet of the young mussel breeding pond, and a circulating pump is arranged at the water inlet or the water outlet to form a circulating;
step two, arranging culture water areas, namely injecting culture water into a pearl oyster culture pond and a raw aquaculture pond respectively, wherein the culture water in the pearl oyster culture pond requires that the content of calcium in a water body is more than 45mg/L, the pH value of water is preferably neutral and slightly alkaline, the pH value is particularly 6.5-8, the water color is preferably yellow green, and the culture water in the raw aquaculture pond requires that the water body can be a water body with or without eutrophication and must be a pollution-free water body;
thirdly, arranging hanging-breeding net frames, namely arranging a plurality of groups of young clam hanging-breeding net frames and adult clam hanging-breeding net frames in the two pearl clam breeding ponds, wherein the hanging-breeding depth is 60-100cm, and the hanging-breeding position of each hanging-breeding net frame is 20-30cm below the water surface layer of each breeding pond;
selecting pearl mussels, preferably selecting the pearl mussels with colored light of mussel shells, thick shells, bright and beautiful pearl layers, complete and undamaged gill petals, powerful water spraying and strong shell closing force;
step five, ecological arrangement of the raw aquaculture pond, namely throwing filter-feeding fishes and planting some aquatic plants in the raw aquaculture pond;
arranging an electrolytic tank and a filter tank which are communicated with each other in the water purification tank, wherein the electrolytic tank and the filter tank are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet of the electrolytic tank is communicated with the water outlet of the original aquaculture tank, the water outlet of the electrolytic tank is communicated with the water inlet of the filter tank, and the water outlet of the filter tank is communicated with the water inlet of the young mussel aquaculture tank;
step seven, bait feeding, namely regularly and quantitatively feeding the bait into the pearl mussel culture pond and the original aquatic culture pond respectively;
and step eight, opening each circulating pump for 1-2 times per day periodically to complete water body circulation among the young mussel culture pond, the adult mussel culture pond, the original aquaculture pond and the water purification pond.
Furthermore, after 10-20 days of culture in the second step, the bottom of a culture water area needs to be cleaned, after the pond is dried in winter, 50-70 kilograms of quicklimed water is used for each mu of pearl mussel culture pond and then is sprayed, so that the pond cleaning and disinfection effects are achieved, and the water hardness and the fertility can be increased.
Further, in the third step, young clams of 1-2 years old are selected and placed in the young clam hanging and culturing net frame, 3-5 young clams are placed in each young clam hanging and culturing net frame, adult clams of 3-5 years old are selected and placed in the adult clam hanging and culturing net frame, and 2-3 adult clams are placed in each adult clam hanging and culturing net frame.
Furthermore, a plurality of groups of fixed plates for fixing the hanging net frames are arranged in the pearl mussel culture pond in the third step, the hanging net frames are distributed at the lower ends of the fixed plates at equal intervals, both ends of the fixed plate are fixedly connected with high-strength traction ropes, a group of support frames are respectively arranged on the side walls of both ends of the pearl mussel culture pond close to the upper end, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected between the group of support frames, a wind-up roll and a wind-down roll which correspond to the position of the fixed plate are respectively and fixedly sleeved on the two rotating shafts, and two high-strength traction ropes arranged in opposite positions are respectively sleeved on the winding roller and the unwinding roller, and a forward and reverse rotating motor for driving one of the rotating shafts is fixedly arranged on the support frame close to the winding roller, and the lower end of a high-strength traction rope on the unwinding roller is fixed on the side wall of the pearl mussel culture pond through a high-strength elastic rope.
Furthermore, the inside both sides in pond are bred to pearl mussel all are equipped with the guide roll, and the high strength traction rope that the relative position set up overlaps respectively on the guide roll who corresponds rather than the position.
Furthermore, sediment and sand in the plurality of the hanging culture net frames are controlled to be about 8-12cm, and the temperature of the water body is controlled to be 15-20 ℃.
Further, in the fifth step, the filter-feeding fishes are preferably yellow catfish, bighead carp, grass carp, carp and crucian carp, the aquatic plants are low-grade aquatic plants, and the density of the aquatic plants is 2-7kg/m2。
Furthermore, a sludge settling area and a purification area are arranged in the filtering tank in the sixth step, and a primary filtering cotton layer and a secondary coarse sand filling layer are arranged in the purification area.
Furthermore, the bait in the pearl mussel culture pond in the seventh step is mainly plankton and some unicellular algae in diatom, chrysophyceae, yellow algae and euglenophyta, and the bait in the raw aquatic culture pond is mainly plant protein raw materials containing phytate phosphorus, such as bean pulp and the like.
And further, biogas slurry is put into the pearl mussel culture pond in the seventh step regularly.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the scheme is that a young mussel culture pond, an adult mussel culture pond, a raw aquatic product culture pond and a water purification pond which are mutually isolated are established, an annular circulating culture system is formed by communicating circulating pumps, 1-2-year-old young mussels are distributed in the young mussel culture pond, the daily intake and discharge amount of the young mussels are in relatively low time intervals, the nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations are very low, water purified by the water purification pond is firstly introduced into the young mussel culture pond for the survival of the young mussels, the water in the young mussel culture pond is discharged into the adult mussel culture pond for the survival of 3-5-year-old mussels within a certain time, when the water in the old mussel culture pond contains nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and more excrement with higher concentrations, the water in the adult mussel culture pond is introduced into the raw aquatic product culture pond for the digestion and eating of fishes, and finally the wastewater in the raw aquatic product culture pond is introduced into the water purification pond, through electrolysis and filtration treatment, the contents of nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and harmful substances in the water body are effectively reduced, the wastewater is converted into raw materials, the water body of the whole culture system is purified, the cost is saved, and the environmental pollution degree is reduced.
(2) And in the second step, after 10-20 days of culture, the bottom of a culture water area needs to be cleaned, after the pond is dried in winter, 50-70 kilograms of quicklimed water is used for each mu of pearl mussel culture pond and then is sprayed, so that the pond cleaning and disinfection effects are achieved, and the water hardness and the fertility can be increased.
(3) In the third step, the young mussels of 1-2 years old are selected and placed in the young mussel hanging net frame, 3-5 young mussels are placed in each young mussel hanging net frame, the adult mussels of 3-5 years old are selected and placed in the adult mussel hanging net frame, 2-3 adult mussels are placed in each adult mussel hanging net frame, and the mussels of different ages are cultured separately, so that different living environments are provided to a certain extent, and the survival rate of the mussels is effectively improved.
(4) A plurality of groups of fixed plates for fixing the suspended net frame are arranged in the pearl mussel culture pond in the third step, both ends of each fixed plate are fixedly connected with high-strength traction ropes, the high-strength traction ropes at both ends are respectively sleeved on the wind-up roll and the wind-down roll, wherein the positive and negative rotating motor drives the wind-up roll, the lower end of the high-strength traction rope on the wind-up roll is fixed on the side wall of the pearl mussel culture pond through the high-strength elastic rope, the positive and negative rotating motor is started at regular time, the positive and negative rotating motor drives the wind-up roll to rotate, the plurality of hanging net frames at the lower end of the fixed plate are pulled by the high-strength traction ropes, and the high-strength elastic ropes arranged at one end of the unwinding roller play a role in stretching and limiting, therefore, the plurality of suspended net frames can horizontally move in the horizontal direction, and the water body is favorable for improving and stimulating pearl secretion of pearl mussels in the shaking process.
(4) The inside both sides in pond are all equipped with the guide roll to pearl mussel, and the relative position sets up high strength pull rope cover establish respectively rather than the guide roll that the position corresponds on, play the guide effect to high strength pull rope to be favorable to improving the stationarity of a plurality of hanging support net frame horizontal motion of fixed plate lower extreme, make hanging support net frame be in same hanging support height all the time.
(6) The sediment silt in the plurality of suspended culture net frames is controlled to be about 8-12cm, the water temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, the sediment silt is favorable for the mussels to move around, the underwater survival of the mussels is facilitated, and a good culture environment is provided for the mussels.
(7) And a sludge settling area and a purification area are arranged in the filter tank in the sixth step, and a primary filter cotton layer and a secondary coarse sand filler layer are arranged in the purification area, so that the purification treatment of the water body led out from the original aquaculture tank is facilitated.
(8) And seventhly, putting biogas slurry into the pearl mussel culture pond regularly, wherein the biogas slurry is a byproduct generated in the biogas production process, contains rich potassium, phosphorus, amino acid and the like, can improve sufficient nutrition for the growth of plankton, and can kill various parasitic ova and various pathogenic bacteria in the fermentation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a pearl mussel culture area according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the pearl mussel culture area of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the water purification tank of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: the device comprises a fixing plate 1, a high-strength traction rope 2, a guide roller 3, a rotating shaft 4, a wind-up roller 5, a wind-up roller 6, a high-strength elastic rope 7 and a forward and reverse rotating motor 8.
Detailed Description
The drawings in the embodiments of the invention will be combined; the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described; obviously; the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention; but not all embodiments, are based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a harmless cultivation method for fresh water pearls includes the following steps:
establishing a breeding ecology, namely establishing a pearl mussel breeding pond, a raw aquatic product breeding pond and a water purification pond which are mutually isolated, wherein the pearl mussel breeding pond is divided into a young mussel breeding pond and an adult mussel breeding pond, the young mussel breeding pond, the adult mussel breeding pond, the raw aquatic product breeding pond and the water purification pond are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water outlet of the young mussel breeding pond is communicated with the water inlet of the adult mussel breeding pond, the water outlet of the adult mussel breeding pond is communicated with the water inlet of the raw aquatic product breeding pond, the water outlet of the raw aquatic product breeding pond is communicated with the water inlet of the water purification pond, the water outlet of the water purification pond is communicated with the water inlet of the young mussel breeding pond, the adult mussel breeding pond, the raw aquatic product breeding pond and the water purification pond are mutually communicated, and a circulating pump is arranged at the communicated water inlet or water outlet to form a circulating breeding ecology;
step two, arranging culture water areas, namely injecting culture water into a pearl mussel culture pond and a raw aquaculture pond respectively, wherein the culture water in the pearl mussel culture pond requires that the content of calcium in a water body is more than 45mg/L, the pH value of water is preferably neutral and slightly alkaline, the pH value is particularly 6.5-8, the water color is preferably yellow green, the culture water in the raw aquaculture pond requires that the water body can be eutrophicated or not and must be a pollution-free water body, in addition, after the pearl mussel culture pond is cultured for 10-20 days, the bottom of the culture water areas needs to be cleaned, after the pond is dried in winter, 50-70 kg of limed water is used for each mu of the pearl mussel culture pond and then is sprayed, so that the effects of cleaning and disinfection are achieved, and the water hardness and the fertility of the pond can be increased;
and thirdly, arranging a plurality of groups of young mussel suspended culture net frames and adult mussel suspended culture net frames in two mussel culture ponds, selecting 1-2-year-old young mussels to be placed in the young mussel suspended culture net frames, placing 3-5 young mussels in each young mussel suspended culture net frame, selecting 3-5-year-old adult mussels to be placed in the adult mussel suspended culture net frames, placing 2-3 adult mussels in each adult mussel suspended culture net frame, wherein the suspended culture depth is 60-100cm, the suspended culture position of the suspended culture net frames is 20-30cm below the water surface layer of the culture pond, and the mussels of different ages are separately cultured, thereby being beneficial to providing different living environments to a certain extent and effectively improving the survival rate of the mussels.
Referring to fig. 2-3, what needs to be supplemented here is that a plurality of fixing plates 1 for fixing the suspended net frames are arranged in the pearl mussel culture pond, the suspended net frames are distributed at the lower end of the fixing plates 1 at equal intervals, both ends of the fixing plates 1 are fixedly connected with high-strength traction ropes 2, both side walls of the pearl mussel culture pond near the upper end are respectively provided with a group of support frames, a rotating shaft 4 is rotatably connected between the group of support frames, a wind-up roller 5 and a wind-down roller 6 corresponding to the fixing plates 1 are respectively fixedly sleeved on the two rotating shafts 4, the two high-strength traction ropes 2 arranged at opposite positions are respectively sleeved on the wind-up roller 5 and the wind-down roller 6, a forward-reverse motor 8 for driving one rotating shaft 4 is fixedly arranged on the support frame near the wind-up roller 5, the lower end of the high-strength traction rope 2 on the wind-down roller 6 is fixed on the side walls of the pearl mussel culture pond through the high-strength elastic rope 2, can regularly start positive reverse motor 8, positive reverse motor 8 drives the axis of rotation 4 rotation that the cover was equipped with wind-up roll 5, draw rope 2 through high strength and stimulate a plurality of hanging support net frames of 1 lower extreme of fixed plate, and set up and play tensile limiting displacement at the high strength elasticity rope 7 of unreeling 6 one end, at the in-process that positive reverse motor 8 is just reversing, realize that a plurality of hangs support net frame and carry out horizontal motion on the horizontal direction, the water is favorable to improving amazing pearl mussel secretion nacre at the in-process that rocks.
Meanwhile, in order to improve the stability of the horizontal movement of the suspended net frame, guide rollers 3 are arranged on two sides in the pearl mussel culture pond, high-strength traction ropes 2 arranged in opposite positions are respectively sleeved on the guide rollers 3 corresponding to the positions of the high-strength traction ropes 2, and the high-strength traction ropes 2 play a role in guiding, so that the suspended net frame is always at the same suspended height, sediment in a plurality of suspended net frames is controlled to be about 8-12cm, and the temperature of a water body is controlled to be between 15 and 20 ℃;
selecting pearl mussels, preferably selecting the pearl mussels with colored light of mussel shells, thick shells, bright and beautiful pearl layers, complete and undamaged gill petals, powerful water spraying and strong shell closing force;
step five, ecologically arranging the raw aquaculture pond, putting filter-feeding fishes and planting some aquatic plants in the raw aquaculture pond, wherein the filter-feeding fishes are preferably yellow catfishes, bighead carps, grass carps, carps and crucian carps, the aquatic plants are low aquatic plants, and the density of the aquatic plants is 2-7kg/m2；
Referring to fig. 4, step six, arrangement in the water purification tank, an electrolytic tank and a filter tank which are communicated with each other are arranged, the electrolytic tank and the filter tank are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet of the electrolytic tank is communicated with the water outlet of the raw aquatic product culture tank, the water outlet of the electrolytic tank is communicated with the water inlet of the filter tank, the water outlet of the filter tank is communicated with the water inlet of the young mussel culture tank, a sludge settling zone and a purification zone are arranged in the filter tank, a primary filtering cotton layer and a secondary coarse sand packing layer are arranged in the purification zone, the water outlet of the electrolytic tank is communicated with the sludge settling zone, and the purification zone is communicated with the water inlet of the young mussel culture tank, so that filtering and purification of a water body are realized, and recycling is realized;
step seven, throwing baits, namely regularly and quantitatively throwing baits in the pearl mussel culture pond and the raw aquatic product culture pond respectively, wherein the baits in the pearl mussel culture pond mainly comprise planktons and some unicellular algae in diatoms, chrysophytes, yellow algae and euglenophyta, the baits in the raw aquatic product culture pond mainly comprise bean pulp and other plant protein raw materials containing phytate phosphorus, besides, biogas slurry is regularly thrown in the pearl mussel culture pond, is a byproduct generated in the biogas production process, contains rich potassium, phosphorus, amino acid and the like, can improve enough nutrition for the growth of the planktons, and can kill various parasitic ova and various pathogenic bacteria in the fermentation process of the biogas slurry;
and step eight, opening each circulating pump for 1-2 times per day periodically to complete water body circulation among the young mussel culture pond, the adult mussel culture pond, the original aquaculture pond and the water purification pond.
The invention establishes a young mussel culture pond, an adult mussel culture pond, a raw aquatic product culture pond and a water purification pond which are mutually isolated, an annular circulating culture system is formed by the communication of circulating pumps, 1-2-year-old young mussels are distributed in the young mussel culture pond, the daily intake and discharge amount of the young mussels are in a relatively low time interval, the concentrations of nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are very low, water purified by the water purification pond is firstly introduced into the young mussel culture pond for the survival of the young mussels, the water in the young mussel culture pond is discharged into the adult mussel culture pond for the survival of 3-5-year-old mussels within a certain time, when the water in the old mussel culture pond contains nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and more excrement with higher concentration, the water in the adult mussel culture pond is introduced into the raw aquatic product culture pond for the digestion and eating of fishes, and finally the wastewater in the raw aquatic product purification culture pond is introduced into the raw water purification pond, through electrolysis and filtration treatment, the contents of nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and harmful substances in the water body are effectively reduced, the wastewater is converted into raw materials, the water body of the whole culture system is purified, the cost is saved, and the environmental pollution degree is reduced.
The above; but are merely preferred embodiments of the invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto; any person skilled in the art is within the technical scope of the present disclosure; the technical scheme and the improved concept of the invention are equally replaced or changed; are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A harmless culture method of fresh water pearls is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
establishing a breeding ecology, namely establishing a pearl mussel breeding pond, a raw aquatic product breeding pond and a water purification pond which are mutually isolated, wherein the pearl mussel breeding pond is divided into a young mussel breeding pond and an adult mussel breeding pond, the young mussel breeding pond, the adult mussel breeding pond, the raw aquatic product breeding pond and the water purification pond are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water outlet of the young mussel breeding pond is communicated with the water inlet of the adult mussel breeding pond, the water outlet of the adult mussel breeding pond is communicated with the water inlet of the raw aquatic product breeding pond, the water outlet of the raw aquatic product breeding pond is communicated with the water inlet of the water purification pond, the water outlet of the water purification pond is communicated with the water inlet of the young mussel breeding pond, and a circulating pump is arranged at the water inlet or the water outlet to form a circulating breeding ecology;
step two, arranging culture water areas, namely injecting culture water into a pearl oyster culture pond and a raw aquaculture pond respectively, wherein the culture water in the pearl oyster culture pond requires that the content of calcium in a water body is more than 45mg/L, the pH value of water is preferably neutral and slightly alkaline, the pH value is particularly 6.5-8, the water color is preferably yellow green, and the culture water in the raw aquaculture pond requires that the water body can be a water body with or without eutrophication and must be a pollution-free water body;
thirdly, arranging hanging-breeding net frames, namely arranging a plurality of groups of young clam hanging-breeding net frames and adult clam hanging-breeding net frames in the two pearl clam breeding ponds, wherein the hanging-breeding depth is 60-100cm, and the hanging-breeding position of each hanging-breeding net frame is 20-30cm below the water surface layer of each breeding pond;
selecting pearl mussels, preferably selecting the pearl mussels with colored light of mussel shells, thick shells, bright and beautiful pearl layers, complete and undamaged gill petals, powerful water spraying and strong shell closing force;
step five, ecological arrangement of the raw aquaculture pond, namely throwing filter-feeding fishes and planting some aquatic plants in the raw aquaculture pond;
arranging an electrolytic tank and a filter tank which are communicated with each other in the water purification tank, wherein the electrolytic tank and the filter tank are respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet of the electrolytic tank is communicated with the water outlet of the original aquaculture tank, the water outlet of the electrolytic tank is communicated with the water inlet of the filter tank, and the water outlet of the filter tank is communicated with the water inlet of the young mussel aquaculture tank;
step seven, bait feeding, namely regularly and quantitatively feeding the bait into the pearl mussel culture pond and the original aquatic culture pond respectively;
step eight, opening each circulating pump for 1-2 times/day at regular intervals to complete water body circulation among the young mussel culture pond, the adult mussel culture pond, the raw aquatic product culture pond and the water purification pond;
the pearl mussel culture pond is internally provided with a plurality of groups of fixing plates (1) for fixing the pearl mussel culture net frame, the pearl mussel culture pond is arranged at the lower end of the fixing plates (1) at equal intervals, the two ends of the fixing plates (1) are fixedly connected with high-strength traction ropes (2), the pearl mussel culture pond is close to the side walls at the two ends of the upper end and is provided with a group of supporting frames, one group of supporting frames are rotatably connected with rotating shafts (4), the two rotating shafts (4) are respectively and fixedly sleeved with winding rollers (5) and unwinding rollers (6) corresponding to the positions of the fixing plates (1), the two high-strength traction ropes (2) arranged at opposite positions are respectively sleeved on the winding rollers (5) and the unwinding rollers (6), and the supporting frame close to the winding rollers (5) is fixedly provided with a forward and reverse rotating motor (8) for driving one rotating shaft (4), the lower end of a high-strength traction rope (2) positioned on the unreeling roller (6) is fixed on the side wall of the pearl mussel culture pond through a high-strength elastic rope (7);
the inside both sides in pond are bred to pearl mussel all are equipped with guide roll (3), and the high strength traction rope (2) that the relative position set up overlap respectively on guide roll (3) rather than the position correspondence.
2. The harmless culture method of fresh water pearls according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, after 10-20 days of culture, the bottom of a culture water area needs to be cleaned, and after the pond is dried in winter, 50-70 kilograms of quicklime water is used for each mu of pearl mussel culture pond and then is sprayed.
3. The harmless culture method of fresh water pearls according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, selecting 1-2-year-old young mussels and placing the young mussels in the young mussel hanging net frame, placing 3-5 young mussels in each young mussel hanging net frame, selecting 3-5-year-old adult mussels and placing 2-3 adult mussels in each adult mussel hanging net frame.
4. The harmless culture method of fresh water pearls according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sediment and silt in the plurality of the hanging net frames are controlled to be about 8-12cm, and the temperature of the water body is controlled to be 15-20 ℃.
5. The harmless culture method of fresh water pearls according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the filter-feeding fishes are preferably yellow catfish, bighead carp, grass carp, carp and crucian carp, the aquatic plants are low aquatic plants, and the density of the aquatic plants is 2-7kg/m2。
6. The harmless culture method of fresh water pearls according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a sludge settling area and a purification area are arranged in the filtering tank in the sixth step, and a primary filtering cotton layer and a secondary coarse sand filling layer are arranged in the purification area.
7. The harmless culture method of fresh water pearls according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bait in the pearl mussel culture pond in the seventh step is mainly plankton and some unicellular algae in diatom, chrysophyceae, yellow algae and euglenophyta, and the bait in the original aquatic culture pond is mainly bean pulp which is a plant protein raw material containing phytate phosphorus.
8. The harmless culture method of fresh water pearls according to claim 1, characterized in that: and putting biogas slurry into the pearl mussel culture pond in the seventh step at regular intervals.
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