CN107493972B - Pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus - Google Patents
Pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus Download PDFInfo
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- CN107493972B CN107493972B CN201710887011.XA CN201710887011A CN107493972B CN 107493972 B CN107493972 B CN 107493972B CN 201710887011 A CN201710887011 A CN 201710887011A CN 107493972 B CN107493972 B CN 107493972B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus, which is characterized in that a high-quality variety is selected, the wild condition of the termitomyces albuminosus is reduced, the symbiotic relationship of the termitomyces albuminosus and the termites is fully utilized, the large-scale planting of the termitomyces albuminosus is realized, excellent conditions for breeding and survival are created for the termitomyces albuminosus under scientific management, the breeding rate of the termitomyces albuminosus for breeding the termites is improved, the key problem is solved for artificially cultivating the termitomyces albuminosus, the yield is greatly improved, the quality is stable and uniform, the planted termitomyces albuminosus has high nutritive value and medicinal value and good flavor and taste, and therefore, the large-scale termitomyces albuminosus breeding method is obtained, and the artificial cultivation of the termit. The conditions such as the temperature and the humidity of the microenvironment for the growth of the collybia albuminosa are manually adjusted, so that the collybia albuminosa can grow at a low production period, and the anti-season marketing is realized, thereby further improving the economic benefit; no chemical agent is used in the planting process, so that the termitomyces albuminosus grows in an organic environment, the product quality is ensured, and the planting cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial propagation of wild fungi, and particularly relates to a pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus.
Background
Collybia albuminosa is one of four major fungi, and is a treasure in edible wild fungi. The termitomyces albuminosus has thick and rich meat, white texture and fresh, sweet and crisp taste. Contains essential amino acids, proteins, fats, vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, and retinoic acid. The termitomyces albuminosus can be used as a single material for dishes, can be matched with vegetables, fish meat and various delicacies of the mountain and the sea, and has fresh taste which is the corolla in the termitomyces albuminosus no matter stir-frying, pickling, frying, stirring, braising, roasting, stewing, steaming or making soup. The termitomyces albuminosus contains a rare component called ergosterol, and if a proper amount of the ergosterol is supplemented to a human body, the termitomyces albuminosus can regulate the hormone balance of the human body and prevent various chronic diseases. Termitomyces albuminosus is produced only in southwest, southeast provinces and some areas of Taiwan, and is high in price due to low wild yield.
The termitomyces albuminosus has rich nutrition value, high medicinal value, effects of benefiting stomach, refreshing mind, treating hemorrhoids, reducing blood fat and the like, has the effects of nourishing blood, moistening dryness, strengthening spleen, harmonizing stomach and the like, can be used for treating symptoms of inappetence, chronic diarrhea, hemorrhoids and bleeding, and is one of the traditional medicinal fungi in China.
The growth mechanism of the termitomyces albuminosus and most of wild fungi is greatly different, the physiological characteristics are very special, the termitomyces albuminosus cannot propagate, the soil-inhabiting termites are required to be relied on in the whole propagation and growth period, in the long-term evolution process, the termites gradually evolve into a symbiotic ecosystem together with the termites, the termites spread basidiospores and mycelium of the termitomyces albuminosus, the mycelium is cultured, the termitomyces albuminosus mycelium spheres cultured by eating are taken as food, on the other hand, the termitomyces albuminosus mycelium spheres grow and develop without the secretion of the termites, the termitomyces albuminosus which is the secretion of the termites is difficult to survive, the termitomyces albuminosus and the termites mutually benefit and inhabit in one environment, the colony develops together, the ecological environment causes the characteristic requirements of the termitomyces albuminosus on the growth conditions, and the breeding and growth rules of the termitomyces albuminosus have no recognized research results at present, so that the artificial planting of the termitomyces albuminosus cannot talk. The termite fungus garden is determined to contain more than twenty amino acids, the termitomyces albuminosus can show unique flavor just because of growing on the substrate, and the termitomyces albuminosus artificially cultured by the traditional edible fungus culture method has greatly reduced nutritive value, flavor and medicinal value due to the change of the growth substrate and growth environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus. The wild environment of the termitomyces albuminosus is reduced to the maximum extent, reasonable close planting and management are carried out, artificial planting of the termitomyces albuminosus is achieved, and the yield of the termitomyces albuminosus is greatly improved on the premise that the original quality is guaranteed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture device, paving a layer of culture soil (the culture soil is not too compact and too loose) to the bottom of the culture device, wherein the water content of the culture soil is 15.5-19.5%, paving a porous plate above the culture soil, placing a surrounding frame above each hole on the porous plate, digging holes of the nutrient soil corresponding to each hole with the depth of 5-10mm and the width of 4-5mm, arranging at least one group of surrounding frame holes on the side wall of each surrounding frame relatively, and arranging the centers of the surrounding frame holes on all the surrounding frames on the same horizontal plane, wherein the surrounding frame holes on the adjacent surrounding frames are correspondingly arranged;
(2) collecting breeding termites at the cavities of different termitomyces albuminosus, and performing winging treatment on the breeding termites to obtain the winged breeding termites;
(3) the method comprises the steps that breeding termites after fin removal are evenly thrown above a culture device in a shaking mode, the throwing amount of the breeding termites is twice of the hole number of holes in a porous plate, the air humidity in the culture device is kept to be 80% -90%, the water content of culture soil is 15.5% -19.5%, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, the breeding termites are cultured until mature termites appear, cavity nest bodies of the mature termites are transplanted into a plurality of independent devices respectively to be cultured, termite nests full of termitomyces albuminosus mycelium pellets are thrown into the cavity bodies of the cavity nest bodies, standby dry termite nests are further added into the cavity bodies of the cavity nest bodies in the management process, and after breeding is completed, a plurality of formed termite mushroom nests are formed;
(4) paving a layer of culture soil (the culture soil is not too compact and too loose) on the concrete floor, uniformly and uniformly excavating ant nests on the culture soil, then integrally excavating the ant nest and fungus nests in the step (3), respectively transplanting the ant nest and fungus nests into the ant nests, covering the ant nests with culture soil with the thickness of 5-15cm, and culturing and fruiting; in the fruiting management process, the temperature in the ant nest is controlled to be 13-20 ℃ firstly, after the temperature is maintained for 3-4 months, the temperature is controlled to be 15-28 ℃ until fruiting management is carried out, and the water content of the culture soil is maintained to be 15.2% -19.5%.
In the step (1), the thickness of the culture soil paved at the bottom of the culture device is 2-20 cm.
In the step (1), the plate holes on the porous plate are uniformly distributed, the aperture of each plate hole on the porous plate is 4-5mm, the distance between the centers of adjacent holes is 1-3cm, and the thickness of the porous plate is 1-20 mm; the aperture of the surrounding frame hole on the side wall of the surrounding frame is 4-5 mm.
In the step (1), the culture soil is firstly disinfected at high temperature.
In the step (2), the concrete operation of collecting and breeding termites at the termite mushroom pit opening is as follows: injecting compressed gas with the humidity of 80-90% into the hole of the termitomyces albuminosus, and controlling the light intensity to gradually weaken from strong to weak or gradually strengthen from weak to strong, the air pressure to gradually weaken from strong to weak or gradually strengthen from weak, and the temperature to be 25-28 ℃. Collecting and inducing by adopting equipment, controlling the effects of illumination and air pressure intensity to be in the optimal state, and promoting the breeding termites to climb out of the hole and collect.
In the step (3), the independent apparatus for performing the breeding culture is a culture flask.
In the step (3), the diameter of the ant nest fully covered with the termitomyces albuminosus mycelium pellets is 1-1.5 cm.
In the step (3), the breeding time is 30-45 days.
In the step (4), the thickness of the culture soil is 1-1.5 m.
In the step (4), the depth of the ant nest is 45-55cm, and the diameter of the ant nest is 30-50 cm.
And (4) in the management process of mushroom cultivation and fruiting, putting fine wood chips and dry weeds above the culture soil corresponding to the ant nest position.
As an alternative embodiment, the size of the enclosure frame can be enlarged or the distance between the centers of the holes of the adjacent plate holes can be extended according to the needs, when the hole diameter of each plate hole on the porous plate is 4-8mm and the distance between the centers of the adjacent holes is 3-15cm, the number of the put breeding termites is 4-20 or 4-50 in each enclosure frame, and the nutrient soil at the position of each plate hole is dug into the holes with the depth of 5-15mm and the width of 4-8 mm; the outer wall surface of the enclosure frame and the outer wall surface of the porous plate are smooth and are not beneficial to breeding the termites to crawl.
It should be noted that, from collecting breeding termites to the fin removing treatment, and then putting the breeding termites into a culture device for culture, the time is better as soon as possible, the ambient air humidity is 80% -90%, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, the breeding termites are more comfortable due to the 2-3 wind level airflow environment, the normal activities of the breeding termites are facilitated, the breeding termites are irritated and uneasy to bite due to the excessively high ambient temperature and the too low humidity, and the activity ability of the breeding termites is lower as the time interval of putting treatment after the fin removing treatment or the fin removing is longer.
In addition, the breeding termites can be bred in groups: collecting the breeding termites in the same termitomyces albuminosus nest in a bottle, culturing into queen termites and queen termites, and culturing in a culture device. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the bottle wall of the bottle is provided with a plurality of small holes which can not be climbed out by breeding termites so as to prevent the breeding termites from escaping. The small hole is used for regulating and controlling the water content of a mud layer in the bottle, the small hole is filled with soil in the small hole when the bottle is used, one end of the bottle is provided with a bottle mouth with the diameter of 3cm, the bottle mouth is provided with a bottle plug, the other end of the bottle is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped small holes which can enable soldiers and workers to climb out, a plurality of glass sheets with the thickness of 2cm and the diameter of 15cm are inlaid in the inner wall of the bottle, the glass sheets are arranged in an annular shape, each glass sheet and the inner wall of the bottle form an angle of 90 degrees, no cutting edge is required to be left on the edge of each glass sheet, the planes of the glass sheets are.
When collecting and reproducing termites, opening a spare bottle plug of a bottle, coating acidic red soil slurry with the water content of 50 percent suitable for the termites in the bottle, enabling the bottle mouth to be abutted against the termite hole of the termite mushroom nest, erecting the bottle, gradually reducing the volume of the termite hole of the termite mushroom nest, reducing the volume once every three days, reducing the mud hole of the termite mushroom nest to be winged for reproducing the termites by 1/5 each time to promote the reproducing termites to climb into the bottle and form a central hole termite for reproducing the termites in the bottle, arranging a window for observing the reproducing termites in the bottle until the inside of the window is piled by the mud for reproducing the termites, or when the weather is suitable, the reproducing termites climb out of the hole or the reproducing termites are damaged by the wing, indicating the developing and maturing of the reproducing termites, processing the breeding termites by adopting an artificial wing removal mode and then placing the termite reproducing in the bottle again to cultivate the termites and the termites, and finishing the grouping propagation process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus provided by the invention has the advantages that the high-quality variety is selected, the wild condition of the termitomyces albuminosus is reduced, the symbiotic relationship of the termitomyces albuminosus and the termites is fully utilized, the large-scale planting of the termitomyces albuminosus is realized, the excellent conditions of reproduction and survival are created for the termitomyces albuminosus under the scientific management, the reproduction rate of the termitomyces albuminosus for reproducing the termites is improved, the key problem is solved for artificially cultivating the termitomyces albuminosus, the yield is greatly improved, the quality is stable and uniform, the planted termitomyces albuminosus has high nutritive value and medicinal value and good flavor and taste, and therefore, the large-scale termitomyces albuminosus reproduction method is obtained, and the artificial cultivation of the. The conditions such as the temperature and the humidity of the microenvironment for the growth of the collybia albuminosa are manually adjusted, so that the collybia albuminosa can grow at a low production period, and the anti-season marketing is realized, thereby further improving the economic benefit; no chemical agent is used in the planting process, so that the termitomyces albuminosus grows in an organic environment, the product quality is ensured, and the planting cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the upper enclosure of the porous plate.
In the figure, 1-multi-well plate, 2-surrounding frame, 3-well plate, 4-frame of culture device, 5-surrounding frame
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture device, laying a layer of culture soil (the culture soil is not too compact and too loose) with the thickness of 2cm on the bottom of the culture device, performing high-temperature disinfection on the culture soil, wherein the water content of the culture soil is 15.5%, laying a porous plate 1 above the culture soil, as shown in figure 1, arranging the porous plate 1 tightly attached to the outer frame of the culture device, uniformly distributing plate holes 3 on the porous plate 1, wherein the hole diameter of each plate hole 3 on the porous plate 1 is 4mm, the distance between the centers of adjacent plate holes 3 is 1cm, and the thickness of the porous plate 1 is 1 mm;
a surrounding frame 2 is arranged on the porous plate 1 corresponding to the upper part of each plate hole 3, the depth of a nutrient soil cut hole corresponding to each plate hole is 5mm, the width of the nutrient soil cut hole is 4mm, a group of surrounding frame holes 5 are oppositely arranged on the side wall of each surrounding frame 2, and the aperture of each surrounding frame hole 5 is 4 mm; the centers of the surrounding frame holes 5 on all the surrounding frames 2 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the surrounding frame holes 5 on the adjacent surrounding frames 2 are correspondingly arranged (namely, the centers of the surrounding frame holes 5 on the adjacent surrounding frames 2 are positioned on the same straight line);
(2) collecting breeding termites at the cavities of different termitomyces albuminosus, and performing winging treatment on the breeding termites to obtain the winged breeding termites;
(3) uniformly shaking and throwing the deflectored breeding termites above a culture device, wherein the throwing amount of the breeding termites is twice of the plate hole number on the porous plate 1, the air humidity in the culture device is kept to be 80-90%, the water content of culture soil is 15.5-19.5%, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, the breeding termites are cultured until mature termites appear, the cavity nest of the mature termites is transplanted into a plurality of independent culture bottles respectively for breeding culture, a termite nest with the diameter of 1cm and full of termitomyces albuminosus mycelium pellets is thrown into the cavity of the cavity nest, standby dry termite nests are further added into the cavity of the cavity nest in the management process, and a plurality of formed termite nest fungus nests are formed after breeding for 30 days;
(4) paving 1m thick culture soil (the culture soil is not too compact and too loose) on a concrete floor, uniformly excavating ant nests on the culture soil, wherein the depth of the ant nests is 45cm, and the diameter of the ant nests is 30 cm;
then, integrally digging out the nest fungus nests in the step (3), respectively transplanting the nest fungus nests into the nest fungus nests, covering the nest fungus nests with culture soil with the thickness of 5cm, putting a proper amount of fine wood chips and dry weeds eaten by termites above the culture soil corresponding to the position of the nest fungus nests, and culturing and fruiting; in the fruiting management process, the temperature in the ant nest is controlled to be 13-20 ℃ firstly, after the temperature is maintained for 3-4 months, the temperature is controlled to be 15-28 ℃ until fruiting management is carried out, and the water content of the culture soil is maintained to be 15.2% -19.5%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture device, paving a layer of culture soil with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom of the culture device, sterilizing the culture soil at high temperature, wherein the water content of the culture soil is 19.5%, paving a porous plate 1 above the culture soil, uniformly distributing plate holes 3 on the porous plate 1, wherein the hole diameter of each plate hole 3 on the porous plate 1 is 5mm, the distance between the centers of adjacent holes 3 is 3cm, and the thickness of the porous plate 1 is 20 mm;
a surrounding frame 2 is arranged on the porous plate 1 corresponding to the upper part of each plate hole 3, the depth of a nutrient soil cut hole corresponding to each plate hole is 10mm, the width of the nutrient soil cut hole is 5mm, a group of surrounding frame holes 5 are oppositely arranged on the side wall of each surrounding frame 2, and the aperture of each surrounding frame hole 5 is 5 mm; the centers of the surrounding frame holes 5 on all the surrounding frames 2 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the surrounding frame holes 5 on the adjacent surrounding frames 2 are correspondingly arranged;
(2) collecting breeding termites at the cavities of different termitomyces albuminosus, and performing winging treatment on the breeding termites to obtain the winged breeding termites;
(3) uniformly shaking and throwing the breeding termites with the wings removed above a culture device, wherein the throwing amount of the breeding termites is two times of the plate hole number on the porous plate 1, the air humidity in the culture device is kept to be 80% -90%, the water content of the culture soil is 15.5% -19.5%, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, the breeding termites are cultured and bred until mature termites appear, the cavity nest with the mature termites is respectively transplanted into a plurality of independent culture bottles for breeding culture, a termite nest with the diameter of 1.5cm and full of termitomyces albuminosus mycelium pellets is thrown into the cavity of the cavity nest, in the management process, a standby dry termite nest is further added into the cavity of the cavity nest, and after 45 days of breeding, a plurality of formed termite nest fungus nests are formed;
(4) paving a layer of culture soil with the thickness of 1.5m on a concrete floor, uniformly excavating ant nests on the culture soil, wherein the depth of the ant nests is 55cm, and the diameter of the ant nests is 50 cm;
then, integrally digging out the nest fungus nests in the step (3), respectively transplanting the nest fungus nests into the nest fungus nests, covering the nest fungus nests with culture soil with the thickness of 15cm, putting a proper amount of fine wood chips and dry weeds eaten by termites above the culture soil corresponding to the position of the nest fungus nests, and culturing and fruiting; in the fruiting management process, the temperature in the ant nest is controlled to be 13-20 ℃ firstly, after the temperature is maintained for 3-4 months, the temperature is controlled to be 15-28 ℃ until fruiting management is carried out, and the water content of the culture soil is maintained to be 15.2% -19.5%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture device, paving a layer of culture soil with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of the culture device, sterilizing the culture soil at high temperature, wherein the water content of the culture soil is 17.5%, paving a porous plate 1 above the culture soil, uniformly distributing plate holes 3 on the porous plate 1, wherein the pore diameter of each plate hole 3 on the porous plate 1 is 4.5mm, the distance between the centers of adjacent plate holes 3 is 2cm, and the thickness of the porous plate 1 is 1.5 mm;
a surrounding frame 2 is arranged on the porous plate 1 corresponding to the upper part of each plate hole 3, the depth of a nutrient soil cut hole corresponding to each plate hole is 8mm, the width of the nutrient soil cut hole is 4.5mm, a group of surrounding frame holes 5 are oppositely arranged on the side wall of each surrounding frame 2, and the aperture of each surrounding frame hole 5 is 4.5 mm; the centers of the surrounding frame holes 5 on all the surrounding frames 2 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the surrounding frame holes 5 on the adjacent surrounding frames 2 are correspondingly arranged;
(2) collecting breeding termites at the cavities of different termitomyces albuminosus, and performing winging treatment on the breeding termites to obtain the winged breeding termites;
(3) uniformly shaking and throwing the winged breeding termites above a culture device, wherein the throwing amount of the breeding termites is twice of the hole number of the upper plate hole of the porous plate 1, the air humidity in the culture device is kept to be 80-90%, the water content of culture soil is 15.5-19.5%, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, the breeding termites are cultured until mature termites appear, the cavity nest of the mature termites is transplanted into a plurality of independent culture bottles respectively for breeding culture, termite nests with diameters of 1.2cm and full of termitomyces albuminosus mycelium pellets are thrown into the cavity of the cavity nest, standby dry termite nests are further added into the cavity of the cavity nest in the management process, and after 40 days of breeding, a plurality of formed termite nest fungus nests are formed;
(4) paving a layer of culture soil with the thickness of 1.2m on a concrete floor, and uniformly excavating ant nests on the culture soil, wherein the depth of the ant nests is 50cm, and the diameter of the ant nests is 40 cm;
then, integrally digging out the nest fungus nests in the step (3), respectively transplanting the nest fungus nests into the nest fungus nests, covering the nest fungus nests with culture soil with the thickness of 10cm, putting a proper amount of fine wood chips and dry weeds eaten by termites above the culture soil corresponding to the position of the nest fungus nests, and culturing and fruiting; in the fruiting management process, the temperature in the ant nest is controlled to be 13-20 ℃ firstly, after the temperature is maintained for 3-4 months, the temperature is controlled to be 15-28 ℃ until fruiting management is carried out, and the water content of the culture soil is maintained to be 15.2% -19.5%.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture device, paving a layer of culture soil with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of the culture device, sterilizing the culture soil at high temperature, wherein the water content of the culture soil is 17.5%, paving a porous plate 1 above the culture soil, uniformly distributing plate holes 3 on the porous plate 1, wherein the pore diameter of each plate hole 3 on the porous plate 1 is 4.5mm, the distance between the centers of adjacent plate holes 3 is 2cm, and the thickness of the porous plate 1 is 1.5 mm;
a surrounding frame 2 is arranged on the porous plate 1 corresponding to the upper part of each plate hole 3, the depth of a nutrient soil cut hole corresponding to each plate hole is 6mm, the width of the nutrient soil cut hole is 4.5mm, a group of surrounding frame holes 5 are oppositely arranged on the side wall of each surrounding frame 2, and the aperture of each surrounding frame hole 5 is 4.5 mm; the centers of the surrounding frame holes 5 on all the surrounding frames 2 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the surrounding frame holes 5 on the adjacent surrounding frames 2 are correspondingly arranged;
(2) collecting breeding termites at the cavities of different termitomyces albuminosus, and performing winging treatment on the breeding termites to obtain the winged breeding termites;
(3) uniformly shaking and throwing the winged breeding termites above a culture device, wherein the throwing amount of the breeding termites is twice of the hole number of the upper plate hole of the porous plate 1, the air humidity in the culture device is kept to be 80-90%, the water content of culture soil is 15.5-19.5%, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, the breeding termites are cultured until mature termites appear, the cavity nest of the mature termites is transplanted into a plurality of independent culture bottles respectively for breeding culture, termite nests with diameters of 1.2cm and full of termitomyces albuminosus mycelium pellets are thrown into the cavity of the cavity nest, standby dry termite nests are further added into the cavity of the cavity nest in the management process, and after 40 days of breeding, a plurality of formed termite nest fungus nests are formed;
(4) paving a layer of culture soil with the thickness of 1.2m on a concrete floor, and uniformly excavating ant nests on the culture soil, wherein the depth of the ant nests is 50cm, and the diameter of the ant nests is 40 cm;
then, integrally digging out the nest fungus nests in the step (3), respectively transplanting the nest fungus nests into the nest fungus nests, covering the nest fungus nests with culture soil with the thickness of 10cm, putting a proper amount of fine wood chips and dry weeds eaten by termites above the culture soil corresponding to the position of the nest fungus nests, and culturing and fruiting; in the fruiting management process, the temperature in the ant nest is controlled to be 13-20 ℃ firstly, after the temperature is maintained for 3-4 months, the temperature is controlled to be 15-28 ℃ until fruiting management is carried out, and the water content of the culture soil is maintained to be 15.2% -19.5%.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a culture device, paving a layer of culture soil to the bottom of the culture device, wherein the water content of the culture soil is 15.5% -19.5%, paving a porous plate above the culture soil, placing a surrounding frame above the porous plate corresponding to each plate hole, digging holes 5-10mm deep and 4-5mm wide in the culture soil corresponding to each plate hole, arranging at least one group of surrounding frame holes on the side wall of each surrounding frame relatively, and arranging the centers of the surrounding frame holes (5) on all the surrounding frames on the same horizontal plane, wherein the surrounding frame holes on the adjacent surrounding frames are correspondingly arranged;
(2) collecting breeding termites at the cavities of different termitomyces albuminosus, and performing winging treatment on the breeding termites to obtain the winged breeding termites; the specific operation of collecting and breeding termites at the termite mushroom pit opening is as follows: injecting compressed gas with the humidity of 80-90% into the hole of the termitomyces albuminosus nest, wherein the illumination intensity gradually weakens from strong to weak or gradually strengthens from weak, the air pressure gradually weakens from strong to weak or gradually strengthens from weak, and the temperature is 25-28 ℃;
(3) the method comprises the steps that breeding termites after fin removal are evenly thrown above a culture device in a shaking mode, the throwing amount of the breeding termites is twice of the hole number of holes in a porous plate, the air humidity in the culture device is kept to be 80% -90%, the water content of culture soil is 15.5% -19.5%, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, the breeding termites are cultured until mature termites appear, cavity nest bodies of the mature termites are transplanted into a plurality of independent devices respectively for breeding culture, termite nests full of termitomyces albuminosus mycelium pellets are thrown into the cavity bodies of the cavity nest bodies, standby dry termites are further added into the cavity bodies of the cavity nest bodies in the management process, and a plurality of formed termite mushroom nests are formed after breeding is completed;
(4) laying a layer of culture soil on a concrete floor, uniformly digging ant nests on the culture soil, respectively digging out the ant nest and fungus nests of the ant nest in the step (3) integrally, respectively transplanting the ant nest and fungus nests into the ant nests, covering the ant nests with culture soil with the thickness of 5-15cm, and culturing and fruiting; in the fruiting management process, the temperature in the ant nest is controlled to be 13-20 ℃ firstly, after the temperature is maintained for 3-4 months, the temperature is controlled to be 15-28 ℃ until fruiting management is carried out, and the water content of the culture soil is maintained to be 15.2% -19.5%.
2. The pure artificial cultivation method of termitomyces albuminosus of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the culture soil is laid on the bottom of the culture device to a thickness of 2-20 cm.
3. The pure artificial cultivation method of termite series termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the pore size of each pore on the porous plate is 4-5mm, the distance between the centers of the adjacent pores is 1-3cm, and the thickness of the porous plate is 1-20 mm;
the aperture of the surrounding frame hole on the side wall of the surrounding frame is 4-5 mm.
4. The method for pure artificial cultivation of termitomyces albuminosus of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the culture soil is sterilized at high temperature.
5. The method for pure artificial cultivation of termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the independent tool for breeding culture is a culture bottle;
the diameter of the ant nest full of termitomyces albuminosus mycelium pellets is 0.5-1cm, and the ant nest full of termitomyces albuminosus mycelium pellets comprises 8-12 soldiers and 8-12 workers.
6. The method for cultivating termitomyces albuminosus in pure artificial form according to claim 1, wherein the breeding time in step (3) is 30 to 45 days.
7. The method for artificially cultivating termitomyces albuminosus of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the thickness of the culture soil is 1-1.5 m.
8. The method for cultivating termitomyces albuminosus of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the depth of the nest is 45-55cm, and the diameter is 30-50 cm.
9. The method for cultivating termitomyces albuminosus of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), fine wood chips and dry weeds are further added above the culture soil corresponding to the nest position during the management of mushroom cultivation.
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| CN109548564A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-02 | 张学西 | A kind of pure artificial cultivation new method of termite series collybia albuminosa |
| CN112715274A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 昆明绿耳生物科技有限责任公司 | Termite-termitomyces albuminosus symbiotic seedling and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1969606A (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2007-05-30 | 杨文兴 | Method for breeding collybia albuminosa artificially by symbiosis of termite |
| CN102783363A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-21 | 张学西 | Artificial breeding method of termite mushroom |
| KR101629207B1 (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-10 | 농업회사법인(주)티엠파트너스 | Method for making the termitomyces culture medium |
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| CN1969606A (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2007-05-30 | 杨文兴 | Method for breeding collybia albuminosa artificially by symbiosis of termite |
| CN102783363A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-21 | 张学西 | Artificial breeding method of termite mushroom |
| KR101629207B1 (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-10 | 농업회사법인(주)티엠파트너스 | Method for making the termitomyces culture medium |
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