CN110313427A

CN110313427A - A kind of ecology for pearl cultivating is grown cultured pearls system and its application method

Info

Publication number: CN110313427A
Application number: CN201910668405.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨品红; 李梦军; 张运生
Original assignee: Hunan University of Arts and Science
Current assignee: Hunan University of Arts and Science
Priority date: 2019-07-23
Filing date: 2019-07-23
Publication date: 2019-10-11
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-23
Also published as: CN110313427B

Abstract

It grows cultured pearls system and its application method the invention discloses a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating, belong to freshwater aquiculture technical field, a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating is grown cultured pearls system, optimal growing environment can be provided for pearl culturing clam by scientific and reasonable aquaculture management, simultaneously by the way of accurate feeding, nutriment is provided to pearl culturing clam based on sustained release principle, ensure the nutriment intake of pearl culturing clam without largely throwing fertilizer feeding, effect is similarly fed with lesser amount of nutriment to reach, and then reduce unnecessary waste, on the one hand nutriment is effectively and rapidly absorbed convenient for pearl culturing clam, on the other hand the probability of water eutrophication can be reduced, prevent water pollution from threatening the growth of pearl culturing clam, in addition water hyacinth also can be used and absorb the mode of extra nutriment to prevent water eutrophication, and using water hyacinth as The raw material of nutriment completes the transfer and recycling of nutriment, realizes maximally utilizing for resource.

Description

A kind of ecology for pearl cultivating is grown cultured pearls system and its application method

Technical field

The present invention relates to freshwater aquiculture technical fields, grow cultured pearls more specifically to a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating System and its application method.

Background technique

Pearl is liked by people masses deeply as a kind of bright and colourful, sparkling and crystal-clear brilliant, rare and rare ornament, It can be by processing and refining at jewelrys such as various necklaces, bangle, goods of furniture for display rather than for uses.Amino acid and lot of trace member rich in pearl Element, therefore itself or rare Chinese medicine have effects that clearing heat and detoxicating, arresting convulsion of calming the nerves, eyesight-improving and pain-alleviating, convergence myogenic.

Pearl is divided into natural peral and cultured pearl, pearl 90% currently on the market the above are cultured pearl, Cultured pearl is divided into seawater pearl and fresh water pearl again, with the continuous growth of population in the world quantity, the consumption of ocean pearl products Amount also continues to increase, currently, natural peral is seldom, just because of this, developing cultured pearl becomes one of the emphasis of various countries' concern, day Originally there is more mature pearl cultivation technology, China needs to reinforce study, is the more quick health hair of China's aquaculture industry Exhibition provides technical support, and the yield of CHINESE FRESHWATER pearl has accounted for first place in the world, but quality is unsatisfactory, currently, the whole nation is annual The young freshwater mussel of cultivation nearly 10,000,000,000, pearl culturing clam is produced up to 5-8 hundred million, but because mortality caused by freshwater mussel disease, annual quotient Product pearl oyster and pearl production than being higher by one times or more at present.

Cultured pearl has long history in China, mainly in natural water areas such as river, lakes, or natural, people Hanging culture pearl in the pond that work is excavated, usually raises together a small amount of filter-feeding fish in water body, and Xiang Shuizhong splashes organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer Equal cultures swim crop as nacreous bait, however a large amount of manure uses or chemical fertilizer etc., after conventional cultivation throws fertilizer feeding Freshwater mussel is to absorb quickly endless, and a large amount of organic matter is caused to precipitate, easily causes water eutrophication, while a large amount of fish Excrement and eat surplus bait residue water bottom deposit, cause water bottom organic matter constantly to accumulate, generation dioxy easy to ferment To change carbon, leads to water body severe depletion of oxygen, pH value is unbalance, and it easily causes pearl production low or even causes the death of pearl freshwater mussel, and pollute Water body direct emission easily causes environmental pollution, or even can threaten human health.

Summary of the invention

1. technical problems to be solved

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ecologies for pearl cultivating to educate Pearl system and its application method, it can provide optimal growing environment by scientific and reasonable aquaculture management for pearl culturing clam, together The mode of the accurate feeding of Shi Caiyong provides nutriment to pearl culturing clam based on sustained release principle, ensures without largely throwing fertilizer feeding The nutriment intake of pearl culturing clam similarly feeds effect with lesser amount of nutriment to reach, and then reduction is unnecessary Waste, on the one hand absorb nutriment effectively and rapidly convenient for pearl culturing clam, on the other hand can reduce water eutrophication Probability prevents water pollution from threatening the growth of pearl culturing clam, and the mode that water hyacinth absorbs extra nutriment in addition also can be used Prevent water eutrophication, and using water hyacinth as the raw material of nutriment, complete the transfer and recycling of nutriment, Realize maximally utilizing for resource.

2. technical solution

To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that.

A kind of ecology for pearl cultivating is grown cultured pearls system, including pond of growing cultured pearls, water purifying tank and cesspool, in the water purifying tank First suction pump is installed, the second suction pump is installed in the cesspool, hanging culture net cage is placed in the pond of growing cultured pearls, it is described Hanging culture net cage left and right ends are fixedly connected to connecting rod, and the connecting rod is fixedly connected with sliding block far from hanging culture net cage one end, It is fixedly connected with guide rail on the Chi Zuoyouliangduanbi that grows cultured pearls, and is slidably connected between sliding block and guide rail, the bank in the pond of growing cultured pearls Side one end is fixedly connected with L-type column, is equipped with the first electric pushrod on the L-type column, first electric pushrod it is defeated Outlet is fixedly connected with extension rod, and is fixedly connected between extension rod and connecting rod, and the bank other end in the pond of growing cultured pearls is fixed It is connected with basic stand column, the basic stand column upper end, which is dug, motor slot, and motor is equipped in the motor slot, described electronic The output end of machine is fixedly connected with fixed plate, and the fixed plate lower end is fixedly connected with the second electric pushrod, and described second is electronic The output end of push rod is fixedly connected with the plate that feeds intake, and the plate upper end that feeds intake is fixedly connected with material storing box, filling in the material storing box Nutritious liquid is communicated with outlet tube on the material storing box, solenoid valve is equipped on the outlet tube, the plate lower end that feeds intake is fixed Several equally distributed diversion pipes are connected with, the outlet tube is connected to by several tubules with diversion pipe.

Further, the hanging culture net cage includes cabinet and a pair of of chamber door, and the chamber door passes through the first elastic hinge and case Body upper end is hinged, and a pair of described chamber door one end close to each other is fixedly connected to bar magnet, and the plate inner end that feeds intake is equipped with First electromagnet, first electromagnet is identical as the magnetism of bar magnet, and bottom end is fixedly connected with several equal in the cabinet The culturing net box of even distribution, culturing net box upper end, which is dug, batching hole, and the batching hole inner end wall passes through the second elasticity hinge Chain is hinged with round square, and the diversion pipe and batching hole clearance fit can use the first electromagnetism when feeding intake to pearl culturing clam Iron automatically opens a pair of of chamber door to the repulsive force of bar magnet, while diversion pipe is pushed round square open and extend into culturing net box, Realization precisely feeds intake, and feed intake round square and chamber door after the completion can automatically reset under the effect of elasticity.

Further, the nutrient solution includes content than the slow-release nutrient capsule and pure water for 1:5, the slow-release nutrient Capsule includes capsule coating and nutritious fertilizer, and the nutritious fertilizer is filled in capsule coating, the slow-release nutrient capsule and pure Water purification should mix in 3min before feeding intake, and 3min mixing in advance can reduce to greatest extent slow-release nutrient capsule and seek in pure water The release consumption of material is fatted up, pure water plays the protective effect to slow-release nutrient capsule, slow-release nutrient capsule is avoided to feed intake Occur damage nutritious fertilizer in journey to spread in pond of growing cultured pearls rapidly, cannot achieve the effect precisely to feed intake with nutrition slow-release.

Further, the capsule coating passes through laser on the semi-permeable membrane using being made with a thickness of the semi-permeable membrane of 0.1mm Technology cutting has several equally distributed sustained release micropores, and the slow-release nutrient capsule is the sphere that diameter is 10mm, described to support The mesh aperture for growing net box is 5mm, and the mesh aperture of culturing net box is smaller than the diameter of slow-release nutrient capsule always, nutritious fertilizer Can by sustained release micropore slowly, quantitative, outside release at the uniform velocity, can be inhaled by the pearl culturing clam in culturing net box with prestissimo It receives, reduces meaningless diffusion waste, while after nutritious fertilizer runs out of close to release, capsule coating softens under the action of water pressure Volume becomes smaller, and can escape out and be recovered from the mesh of culturing net box, prevents the accumulation in culturing net box from influencing pearl culturing clam Growing environment.

Further, the nutritious fertilizer is the rotted pig manure that parts by weight are 80 parts, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of chlorination Potassium, 1 part of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 2 parts of magnesium chloride, 5 parts of ferric sulfate, the mixture of 20 parts of water hyacinth powder are the life of pearl culturing clam It is long that necessary nutriment is provided.

Further, a pair of flexible magnetic sucking tube is equipped on the upside of the hanging culture net cage, the flexibility magnetic sucking tube both ends are fixed on It grows cultured pearls pond inner end wall, a pair of flexible magnetic sucking tube is located remotely from each other one end and is fixedly connected to the soft net of control, the soft net of control It is inside placed with water hyacinth, the pond left and right ends bank of growing cultured pearls, which is dug, has absorption to cheat, and is equipped with the second electricity in the absorption hole Magnet, water hyacinth is used to the phenomenon that shifting nutriment extra in pond of growing cultured pearls, avoiding the occurrence of eutrophication, and poultry feeders can To pass through the deformation of the second magnet control flexibility magnetic sucking tube, distribution of the water hyacinth in pond of growing cultured pearls in the soft net of control is indirectly controlled Situation, daytime when, are distributed in pond periphery of growing cultured pearls, and the growth for pearl culturing clam in hanging culture net cage merges out the items such as illumination, oxygen Part, night when, which can be evenly distributed on, grows cultured pearls on water face, and nutrients extra in pond of growing cultured pearls can be absorbed with Quick uniform Matter, convenient directly collect prepares nutritious fertilizer after the completion of absorbing, the recycling of extra nutriment in pond of completing to grow cultured pearls, It can be with effective protection water body environment while reducing waste.

Further, the flexible magnetic sucking tube includes elastic hose, and magnetite, flexible magnetic are filled in the elastic hose The magnetic attraction that magnetite in pipe can respond the second electromagnet completes deformation, again deformable after losing magnetic attraction to restore script Shape.

Further, aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in the pond of growing cultured pearls, and launches reddish black stone, zincblende block and manganite block, And mixed breeding has filter-feeding fish or ominivore-fish, first can be improved water body utilization rate, enrich water body environment, be pearl culturing clam Growth create a favorable environment, while microelement necessary to pearl culturing clam growth can be provided, phytoplankton and swum dynamic Object.

Further, constent temperature heater and aerator, the water temperature optimum of Cultivated water are also equipped in the pond of growing cultured pearls Temperature range be 15-30 degree, in this water temperature range, the growth and development of pearl culturing clam are normal, and nacre secretion is vigorous, precious Pearl growth is fast；The metabolism of pearl culturing clam stays cool when minimum temperature is 10 degree or less, and activity is faint, nacre secretion Basic to stop, when high-temperature is 35 degree or more, the growth of pearl culturing clam is hindered, and the dissimilation in metabolism is big In assimilation, the weak or dead of pearl culturing clam is caused；Temperature and the metabolism of biology have close relationship, the life of pearl culturing clam Long, development, breeding and distribution are affected by the restriction of water temperature, equally to keep cultivating people containing enough oxygen in water body Member can keep suitable growth temperature and dissolved oxygen amount by constent temperature heater and aerator.

A kind of ecology for pearl cultivating is grown cultured pearls the application method of system, the application method the following steps are included:

S1, cultivation pretreatment: pond of growing cultured pearls, water purifying tank and cesspool are dug, 15-20 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, drains product Water, with lime disinfection, fills fresh water, depth of water 1.5- after removing periphery water plant and ridge side drought grass after shelving solarization 3-5 days 2.5m, fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, and aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in pond of growing cultured pearls, launch reddish black stone, zincblende block and Manganite block, and mixed breeding has filter-feeding fish or ominivore-fish；

S2, choose healthy freshwater mussel kind: the selection 2-3 monthly age is implanted with the healthy pearl culturing clam of pearl core, according to the close of 800-1200/mu Hanging culture is spent in pond of growing cultured pearls；

S3, aquaculture management: it in the annual 4-9 month, periodically feeds intake into pond of growing cultured pearls according to the standard of the 2-3 times/moon, other It periodically feeds intake into pond of growing cultured pearls according to the standard of the 1-2 times/moon in month, while keeping water temperature at 15 DEG C -25 DEG C, pH is kept In 7-8, COD value 5-25mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.1-2mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration is 5mg/L or more；

S4, water quality replacement: the frequency of water quality replacement is specially to open the first suction pump and second every 20-25 days and draw water Pump is primary, each water circulation 2-3 days, and flow velocity is preferably slowly gentle, guarantees that the depth of water is 1.5-2.5m in aquaculture pond；

S5, inspection take pearl: patrolling sooner or later and salvage rotten grass, residual bait in time, check the whether mature symbol of pearl that pearl culturing clam is cultivated It closes and requires, if maturation meets the requirements, pearl is collected in pearl culturing clam body by operation；If prematurity is undesirable, return Return step S3.

3. beneficial effect

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that

(1) this programme can provide optimal growing environment by scientific and reasonable aquaculture management for pearl culturing clam, adopt simultaneously With the mode of accurate feeding, nutriment is provided to pearl culturing clam based on sustained release principle, ensures to grow cultured pearls without largely throwing fertilizer feeding The nutriment intake of freshwater mussel similarly feeds effect with lesser amount of nutriment to reach, and then reduces unnecessary wave Take, on the one hand effectively and rapidly absorb nutriment convenient for pearl culturing clam, on the other hand can reduce the probability of water eutrophication, It prevents water pollution from threatening the growth of pearl culturing clam, water hyacinth in addition also can be used and absorb the mode of extra nutriment to prevent Water eutrophication, and using water hyacinth as the raw material of nutriment, the transfer and recycling of nutriment are completed, realizes money Source maximally utilizes.

(2) hanging culture net cage includes cabinet and a pair of of chamber door, and chamber door is hinged by the first elastic hinge and cabinet upper end, a pair of Chamber door one end close to each other is fixedly connected to bar magnet, and the plate inner end that feeds intake is equipped with the first electromagnet, the first electromagnet with The magnetism of bar magnet is identical, and bottom end is fixedly connected with several equally distributed culturing net boxes in cabinet, and culturing net box upper end is opened It is carved with batching hole, batching hole inner end wall is hinged with round square, diversion pipe and batching hole clearance fit by the second elastic hinge, When feeding intake to pearl culturing clam, it can use the first electromagnet and a pair of of chamber door automatically opened to the repulsive force of bar magnet, lead simultaneously Flow tube is pushed round square open and is extend into culturing net box, and realization precisely feeds intake, and feed intake round square and chamber door after the completion can It automatically resets under the effect of elasticity.

(3) nutrient solution includes content than the slow-release nutrient capsule and pure water for 1:5-10, and slow-release nutrient capsule includes glue Capsule coating and nutritious fertilizer, nutritious fertilizer are filled in capsule coating, slow-release nutrient capsule and pure water should before feeding intake 3min Interior mixing, in advance 3min mixing can reduce the release consumption of slow-release nutrient capsule nutritious fertilizer in pure water to greatest extent, Pure water plays the protective effect to slow-release nutrient capsule, and slow-release nutrient capsule is avoided to occur damaging nutrition fertilizer during feeding intake Material is spread in pond of growing cultured pearls rapidly, cannot achieve the effect precisely to feed intake with nutrition slow-release.

(4) capsule coating is dug on semi-permeable membrane by laser technology using being made with a thickness of the semi-permeable membrane of 0.05-0.1mm There are several equally distributed sustained release micropores, slow-release nutrient capsule is the sphere that diameter is 10-20mm, the mesh hole of culturing net box Diameter is 5-10mm, and the mesh aperture of culturing net box is smaller than the diameter of slow-release nutrient capsule always, and nutritious fertilizer can be by slow Release micropore slowly, quantitative, outside release at the uniform velocity, can be absorbed by the pearl culturing clam in culturing net box with prestissimo, reduce nothing The diffusion of meaning wastes, while after nutritious fertilizer runs out of close to release, and softening volume becomes smaller under the action of water pressure for capsule coating, It can escape out and be recovered from the mesh of culturing net box, prevent the growth ring of the accumulation influence pearl culturing clam in culturing net box Border.

(5) nutritious fertilizer is the rotted pig manure that parts by weight are 80-90 parts, 3-5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 2-4 parts of magnesium chloride, 1-5 parts of ferric sulfate, the mixture of 10-20 parts of water hyacinth powder, to educate Nutriment necessary to the growth of pearl oyster provides.

(6) it is equipped with a pair of flexible magnetic sucking tube on the upside of hanging culture net cage, flexible magnetic sucking tube both ends are fixed on pond inner end wall of growing cultured pearls, and one One end is located remotely from each other to flexible magnetic sucking tube and is fixedly connected to the soft net of control, controls in soft net and is placed with water hyacinth, grow cultured pearls Chi Zuo Right both ends bank, which is dug, has absorption to cheat, and the second electromagnet is equipped in absorption hole, it is extra in pond of growing cultured pearls that water hyacinth is used to shift Nutriment, the phenomenon that avoiding the occurrence of eutrophication, and poultry feeders can pass through the second magnet control flexibility magnetic sucking tube Deformation, indirectly control distribution situation of the water hyacinth in pond of growing cultured pearls in the soft net of control, daytime when is distributed in pond week of growing cultured pearls Side merges out the conditions such as illumination, oxygen for the growth of pearl culturing clam in hanging culture net cage, and night when, which can be evenly distributed on, grows cultured pearls On water face, nutriment extra in pond of growing cultured pearls can be absorbed with Quick uniform, it is convenient after the completion of absorbing directly to collect system Standby nutritious fertilizer, the recycling of extra nutriment in pond of completing to grow cultured pearls, can be with effective protection water body while reducing waste Environment.

(7) flexible magnetic sucking tube includes elastic hose, and magnetite is filled in elastic hose, and the magnetite in flexible magnetic sucking tube can be with Respond the second electromagnet magnetic attraction complete deformation, after losing magnetic attraction again it is deformable restore script shape.

(8) aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in pond of growing cultured pearls, and launches reddish black stone, zincblende block and manganite block, and raises together and have filter Feeding fish or ominivore-fish, first can be improved water body utilization rate, enrich water body environment, be that the growth of pearl culturing clam is created Good environment, while microelement, phytoplankton and zooplankter necessary to pearl culturing clam growth can be provided.

(9) it grows cultured pearls and is also equipped with constent temperature heater and aerator, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature of Cultivated water in pond For 15-30 degree, in this water temperature range, the growth and development of pearl culturing clam are normal, and nacre secretion is vigorous, and pearl growth is fast； The metabolism of pearl culturing clam stays cool when minimum temperature is 10 degree or less, and activity is faint, and nacre secretion is basic to be stopped, When high-temperature is 35 degree or more, the growth of pearl culturing clam is hindered, and the dissimilation in metabolism is greater than same be turned into With causing the weak or dead of pearl culturing clam；Temperature and the metabolism of biology have a close relationship, the growth of pearl culturing clam, development, Breeding and distribution are affected by the restriction of water temperature, equally to keep containing enough oxygen in water body, poultry feeders can lead to It crosses constent temperature heater and aerator keeps suitable growth temperature and dissolved oxygen amount.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram in Fig. 1 at A；

Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram under hanging culture net cage closed state of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram under hanging culture net cage opening state of the present invention；

Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of culturing net box of the present invention part；

Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of slow-release nutrient capsule part of the present invention；

Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram under the soft net unfolding state of present invention control；

Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram under the soft net evacuation state of present invention control.

Figure label explanation:

1 grows cultured pearls pond, 2 water purifying tanks, 3 cesspools, 4 first suction pumps, 5 second suction pumps, 6 hanging culture net cages, 601 cabinets, 602 Chamber door, 603 first elastic hinges, 7 connecting rods, 8 sliding blocks, 9 guide rails, 10 extension rods, 11 first electric pushrods, 12 basic stand columns, 13 motor, 14 fixed plates, 15 second electric pushrods, 16 feed intake plate, 17 material storing box, 18 solenoid valves, 19 outlet tubes, 20 water conservancy diversion Pipe, 21 first electromagnet, 22 bar magnets, 23 culturing net boxes, 24 round squares, 25 flexible magnetic sucking tubes, the soft net of 26 controls, 27 glue Capsule coating, 28 nutritious fertilizers, 29 second electromagnet.

Specific embodiment

Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description；Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments, is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the instruction such as term " on ", "lower", "inner", "outside", " top/bottom end " Orientation or positional relationship be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, be merely for convenience of description the present invention and simplification retouch It states, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, Therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for description purposes only, and cannot understand For indication or suggestion relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation " " is set Be equipped with ", " be arranged/connect ", " connection " etc., shall be understood in a broad sense, such as " connection ", may be a fixed connection, be also possible to removable Connection is unloaded, or is integrally connected, can be mechanical connection, is also possible to be electrically connected, can be directly connected, it can also be in Between medium be indirectly connected, can be the connection inside two elements, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be specific Situation understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention.

Embodiment 1:

The system referring to Fig. 1, a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating is grown cultured pearls, including pond 1 of growing cultured pearls, water purifying tank 2 and cesspool 3, aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls, and launches reddish black stone, zincblende block and manganite block, and raises together and have filter-feeding fish Or ominivore-fish, first can be improved water body utilization rate, enrich water body environment, be that good ring is created in the growth of pearl culturing clam Border, while microelement, phytoplankton and zooplankter necessary to pearl culturing clam growth can be provided, also pacify in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls Equipped with constent temperature heater and aerator, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature of Cultivated water is 15-30 degree, in this water temperature range Interior, the growth and development of pearl culturing clam are normal, and nacre secretion is vigorous, and pearl growth is fast；Minimum temperature is grown cultured pearls when being 10 degree or less The metabolism of freshwater mussel stays cool, and activity is faint, and nacre secretion is basic to be stopped, and when high-temperature is 35 degree or more, educates The growth of pearl oyster is hindered, and the dissimilation in metabolism is greater than assimilation, causes the weak or dead of pearl culturing clam It dies；Temperature and the metabolism of biology have close relationship, and growth, development, breeding and the distribution of pearl culturing clam are affected by water The restriction of temperature will equally be kept containing enough oxygen in water body, and poultry feeders can be protected by constent temperature heater and aerator Suitable growth temperature and dissolved oxygen amount are held, the first suction pump 4 is installed in water purifying tank 2, second suction pump is installed in cesspool 3 5, it is placed with hanging culture net cage 6 in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls, 6 left and right ends of hanging culture net cage are fixedly connected to connecting rod 7, and connecting rod 7 is far from hanging It supports 6 one end of net cage and is fixedly connected with sliding block 8, guide rail 9, and sliding block 8 and guide rail 9 are fixedly connected on 1 left and right ends wall of pond of growing cultured pearls Between be slidably connected, lifting hanging culture net cage 6 that can be stable in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls by the cooperation of sliding block 8 and guide rail 9, hanging culture depth Be 25-40cm when spring and autumn weather is suitable for, when the weather in freezing winter and in sultry summer of Xia Dongji for close to grow cultured pearls pond bottom of pond but not with bottom Mud contact is advisable, and the cultivation depth of pearl culturing clam 1 should should put close water-bed from water surface 25cm, winter and not hit mud and be in summer Preferably, spring and autumn can hang it is shallow a little to reinforce illumination, freshwater mussel body is made to be in the suitable water temperature of growth, promote pearl formation and Growth；Winter and summer suitable hanging culture are a little deep, prevent cold and heat adverse effect, and the bank one end in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls is fixed to be connected It is connected to L-type column, the first electric pushrod 11 is installed on L-type column, the driving force gone up and down for providing hanging culture net cage 6, first The output end of electric pushrod 11 is fixedly connected with extension rod 10, and is fixedly connected between extension rod 10 and connecting rod 7, extension rod 10 Play the role of extended, the bank other end in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls is fixedly connected with basic stand column 12, and 12 upper end of basic stand column, which is dug, electricity Trough is equipped with motor 13 in motor slot, and the output end of motor 13 is fixedly connected with fixed plate 14, and motor 13 can drive So that fixed plate 14 is left 1 overhead of pond of growing cultured pearls, avoids the phenomenon appearance that keeps the sun off, it is electronic that 14 lower end of fixed plate is fixedly connected with second Push rod 15.

Referring to Fig. 2, the output end of the second electric pushrod 15 is fixedly connected with the plate 16 that feeds intake, the second electric pushrod 15 is provided The driving force that hanging culture net cage 6 is gone up and down, and then the activity that feeds intake is completed, 16 upper end of plate that feeds intake is fixedly connected with material storing box 17, material storing box It is filled with nutrient solution in 17, is communicated with outlet tube 19 on material storing box 17, solenoid valve 18 is installed on outlet tube 19, is fed intake under plate 16 End is fixedly connected with several equally distributed diversion pipes 20, and outlet tube 19 is connected to by several tubules with diversion pipe 20, diversion pipe 20 for precisely carrying out the feeding that feeds intake to pearl culturing clam.

Fig. 3-4 is please referred to, hanging culture net cage 6 includes cabinet 601 and a pair of of chamber door 602, and chamber door 602 passes through the first elastic hinge 603 is hinged with 601 upper end of cabinet, and a pair of of chamber door 602 one end close to each other is fixedly connected to bar magnet 22, referring to Fig. 2, 16 inner end of plate that feeds intake is equipped with the first electromagnet 21, and the first electromagnet 21 is identical as the magnetism of bar magnet 22, is based on same sex phase The principle of reprimand realizes automatically opening for chamber door 602, and bottom end is fixedly connected with several equally distributed culturing net boxes in cabinet 601 23, referring to Fig. 5, culturing net box 23 plays a good protective effect, 23 upper end of culturing net box, which is dug, to be had for cultivating pearl culturing clam Batching hole, batching hole inner end wall are hinged with round square 24, diversion pipe 20 and batching hole clearance fit by the second elastic hinge, When feeding intake to pearl culturing clam, it can use the first electromagnet 21 and a pair of of chamber door 602 automatically opened to the repulsive force of bar magnet 22, Diversion pipe 20 is pushed round square 24 open and is extend into culturing net box 23 simultaneously, and realization precisely feeds intake, and circular net after the completion of feeding intake Lid 24 and chamber door 602 can automatically reset under the effect of elasticity.

Referring to Fig. 6, nutrient solution includes content than the slow-release nutrient capsule and pure water for 1:5-10, slow-release nutrient capsule Including capsule coating 27 and nutritious fertilizer 28, nutritious fertilizer 28 is filled in capsule coating 27, slow-release nutrient capsule and pure water It should be mixed in 3min before feeding intake, 3min mixing in advance can reduce slow-release nutrient capsule nutrition fertilizer in pure water to greatest extent The release consumption of material 28, pure water play the protective effect to slow-release nutrient capsule, avoid slow-release nutrient capsule in the process of feeding intake Middle appearance damage nutritious fertilizer 28 is spread in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls rapidly, cannot achieve the effect precisely to feed intake with nutrition slow-release, capsule Coating 27 has several be uniformly distributed by laser technology cutting on semi-permeable membrane using being made with a thickness of the semi-permeable membrane of 0.05-0.1mm Sustained release micropore, slow-release nutrient capsule is the sphere that diameter is 10-20mm, and the mesh aperture of culturing net box 23 is 5-10mm, And the mesh aperture of culturing net box 23 is smaller than the diameter of slow-release nutrient capsule always, nutritious fertilizer 28 can be slow by sustained release micropore Slowly, outside release quantitatively, at the uniform velocity can be absorbed with prestissimo by the pearl culturing clam in culturing net box 23, reduce meaningless expansion Waste is dissipated, while after nutritious fertilizer 28 runs out of close to release, softening volume becomes smaller under the action of water pressure for capsule coating 27, can It is recovered with being escaped out from the mesh of culturing net box 23, prevents the growth ring of the accumulation influence pearl culturing clam in culturing net box 23 Border, nutritious fertilizer 28 are the rotted pig manure that parts by weight are 80-90 parts, 3-5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 The Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of part, 2-4 parts of magnesium chloride, 1-5 parts of ferric sulfate, the mixture of 10-20 parts of water hyacinth powder are pearl culturing clam Nutriment necessary to growth provides.

Fig. 7-8 is please referred to, a pair of flexible magnetic sucking tube 25 is equipped on the upside of hanging culture net cage 6, flexible 25 both ends of magnetic sucking tube are fixed on It grows cultured pearls 1 inner end wall of pond, a pair of of flexibility magnetic sucking tube 25 is located remotely from each other one end and is fixedly connected to the soft net 26 of control, controls in soft net 26 It is placed with water hyacinth, water hyacinth is draft of swimming, and the nutriment in water can be absorbed to grow, be widely used in improvement In water eutrophication, but it is likely to form the phenomenon that mad breeding becomes invasive species if not being controlled, threatens original The ecological balance, 1 left and right ends bank of pond of growing cultured pearls dig have absorption cheat, absorption hole in the second electromagnet 29, water calabash are installed Reed is used to the phenomenon that shifting nutriment extra in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls, avoiding the occurrence of eutrophication, and poultry feeders can be by the Two electromagnet 29 control the deformation of flexible magnetic sucking tube 25, indirectly control distribution of the water hyacinth in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls in the soft net 26 of control Situation, daytime when, are distributed in 1 periphery of pond of growing cultured pearls, and the growth for pearl culturing clam in hanging culture net cage 6 merges out the items such as illumination, oxygen Part, night when, which can be evenly distributed on, grows cultured pearls on 1 water surface of pond, and nutrition extra in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls can be absorbed with Quick uniform Substance, convenient directly collect prepares nutritious fertilizer 28 after the completion of absorbing, the recycling of extra nutriment in pond 1 of completing to grow cultured pearls It utilizes, can include elastic hose with effective protection water body environment, flexible magnetic sucking tube 25 while reducing waste, be filled out in elastic hose Filled with magnetite, the magnetic attraction that the magnetite in flexible magnetic sucking tube 25 can respond the second electromagnet 29 completes deformation, is losing magnetic After power again it is deformable restore script shape.

A kind of ecology for pearl cultivating is grown cultured pearls the application method of system, application method the following steps are included:

S1, cultivation pretreatment: pond 1 of growing cultured pearls, water purifying tank 2 and cesspool 3 are dug and is drained 15-20 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam Ponding, with lime disinfection, fills fresh water, depth of water 1.5- after removing periphery water plant and ridge side drought grass after shelving solarization 3-5 days 2.5m, fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, and aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls, and launches reddish black stone, zincblende block With manganite block, and raise together have filter-feeding fish or ominivore-fish；

S2, choose healthy freshwater mussel kind: the selection 2-3 monthly age is implanted with the healthy pearl culturing clam of pearl core, according to the close of 800-1200/mu Hanging culture is spent in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls；

S3, aquaculture management: it in the annual 4-9 month, periodically feeds intake into pond 1 of growing cultured pearls according to the standard of the 2-3 times/moon, at it It periodically feeds intake into pond 1 of growing cultured pearls according to the standard of the 1-2 times/moon in its month, while keeping water temperature at 15 DEG C -25 DEG C, pH is protected It holds in 7-8, COD value 5-25mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.1-2mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration is 5mg/L or more；

S4, water quality replacement: the frequency of water quality replacement is specially to open the first suction pump 4 and second every 20-25 days and draw water Pump 5 is primary, each water circulation 2-3 days, and flow velocity is preferably slowly gentle, guarantees that the depth of water is 1.5-2.5m in aquaculture pond；

When feeding intake to pearl culturing clam, poultry feeders first control the starting of motor 13 and the plate 16 that feeds intake are driven to turn to hanging culture Right above net cage 6, the second electric pushrod 15 of starting pushes the plate 16 that feeds intake to decline close to hanging culture net cage 6, and starts the first electromagnet 21, the first electromagnet 21 is powered with magnetic and generates repulsive force, 22 band of bar magnet under the action of repulsive force to bar magnet 22 Dynamic chamber door 602 is to opening on the inside of cabinet 601, and after the plate 16 that feeds intake enters cabinet 601, diversion pipe 20 is directed at corresponding round square 24 It is inserted into culturing net box 23, opens nutrient solution in 18 material storing box 17 of solenoid valve and pass sequentially through outlet tube 19, tubule, diversion pipe 20 It flow in culturing net box 23, for slow-release nutrient capsule since diameter is bigger than the aperture of culturing net box 23 in culturing net box 23, meeting is temporary When be deposited in culturing net box 23, slowly, it is quantitative, at the uniform velocity discharge nutritious fertilizer 28 in culturing net box 23, pearl culturing clam can be with The a small amount of nutritious fertilizer 28 released is quickly and effectively absorbed, the meaningless diffusion waste of nutritious fertilizer 28 is reduced, it both can be real Now accurate quantitative feeding reduces waste, and can be enriched with polluted-water environment to avoid nutriment, is unfavorable for the growth of pearl culturing clam.

Even if there is the phenomenon that nutriment enrichment, poultry feeders, which can will control soft net 26 and be placed into, grows cultured pearls in pond 1, And a pair of flexible magnetic sucking tube 25 is fixed on bank, start a pair of second electromagnet 29 daytime using magnetic attraction and drives flexible magnetic Pipe 25 deforms, and the water hyacinth controlled in soft net 26 " is rushed to " periphery, is the good illumination of creation of pearl culturing clam in hanging culture net cage 6 Condition and breathing condition, after the second electromagnet 29 of night closing loses magnetic attraction, flexible magnetic sucking tube 25 restores shape and pulls control Soft net 26 is uniformly spread out on the water surface, can more rapidly and uniformly absorb nutriment extra in water compared to daytime, when When ammonia nitrogen concentration in pond 1 of growing cultured pearls is restored in zone of reasonableness, poultry feeders can directly pack up the soft net 26 of control and salvage water hyacinth, And powder is made in the water hyacinth in salvaging and is used to prepare nutritious fertilizer 28, the transfer of nutriment is completed, realizes resource most Bigization utilizes, while avoiding the contamination phenomenon of water body.

The present invention can provide optimal growing environment by scientific and reasonable aquaculture management for pearl culturing clam, while using essence The mode of quasi- feeding provides nutriment to pearl culturing clam based on sustained release principle, ensures pearl culturing clam without largely throwing fertilizer feeding Nutriment intake similarly feeds effect with lesser amount of nutriment to reach, and then reduces unnecessary waste, and one Aspect effectively and rapidly absorbs nutriment convenient for pearl culturing clam, on the other hand can reduce the probability of water eutrophication, prevent Water pollution threatens the growth of pearl culturing clam, and the next pre- waterproof body of mode that water hyacinth absorbs extra nutriment in addition also can be used Eutrophication, and using water hyacinth as the raw material of nutriment, the transfer and recycling of nutriment are completed, realizes resource It maximally utilizes.

The foregoing is intended to be a preferred embodiment of the present invention；But scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its It improves design and is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

The system 1. a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating is grown cultured pearls, including pond of growing cultured pearls (1), water purifying tank (2) and cesspool (3), it is special Sign is: it is equipped with the first suction pump (4) in the water purifying tank (2), the second suction pump (5) is installed in the cesspool (3), It is placed with hanging culture net cage (6) in the pond of growing cultured pearls (1), hanging culture net cage (6) left and right ends are fixedly connected to connecting rod (7), the connecting rod (7) is fixedly connected with sliding block (8) far from hanging culture net cage (6) one end, pond of growing cultured pearls (1) left and right ends wall On be fixedly connected with guide rail (9), and be slidably connected between sliding block (8) and guide rail (9), bank one end of the pond of growing cultured pearls (1) is solid Surely be connected with L-type column, be equipped on the L-type column the first electric pushrod (11), first electric pushrod (11) it is defeated Outlet is fixedly connected with extension rod (10), and is fixedly connected between extension rod (10) and connecting rod (7), the pond of growing cultured pearls (1) The bank other end is fixedly connected with basic stand column (12), and basic stand column (12) upper end, which is dug, motor slot, the motor slot It is inside equipped with motor (13), the output end of the motor (13) is fixedly connected with fixed plate (14), the fixed plate (14) Lower end is fixedly connected with the second electric pushrod (15), and the output end of second electric pushrod (15) is fixedly connected with the plate that feeds intake (16), the plate that feeds intake (16) upper end is fixedly connected with material storing box (17), and nutrient solution is filled in the material storing box (17), described It is communicated on material storing box (17) outlet tube (19), is equipped with solenoid valve (18) on the outlet tube (19), the plate that feeds intake (16) Lower end is fixedly connected with several equally distributed diversion pipes (20), and the outlet tube (19) passes through several tubules and diversion pipe (20) Connection.
The system 2. a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating according to claim 1 is grown cultured pearls, it is characterised in that: the hanging culture net Case (6) includes cabinet (601) and a pair of of chamber door (602), and the chamber door (602) passes through the first elastic hinge (603) and cabinet (601) upper end is hinged, and a pair of chamber door (602) one end close to each other is fixedly connected to bar magnet (22), described to feed intake Plate (16) inner end is equipped with the first electromagnet (21), and first electromagnet (21) is identical as the magnetism of bar magnet (22), institute It states cabinet (601) interior bottom end and is fixedly connected with several equally distributed culturing net boxes (23), culturing net box (23) upper end is opened It is carved with batching hole, the batching hole inner end wall is hinged with round square (24) by the second elastic hinge, the diversion pipe (20) With batching hole clearance fit.
The system 3. a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating according to claim 1 is grown cultured pearls, it is characterised in that: the nutrient solution Including content than the slow-release nutrient capsule and pure water for 1:5-10, the slow-release nutrient capsule includes capsule coating (27) and seeks It fats up material (28), the nutritious fertilizer (28) is filled in capsule coating (27), and the slow-release nutrient capsule and pure water should be Mixing in 3min before feeding intake.
The system 4. a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating according to claim 3 is grown cultured pearls, it is characterised in that: the capsule packet Clothing (27) has using being made with a thickness of the semi-permeable membrane of 0.05-0.1mm, on the semi-permeable membrane by laser technology cutting several uniform The sustained release micropore of distribution, the slow-release nutrient capsule are the sphere that diameter is 10-20mm, the mesh of the culturing net box (23) Aperture is 5-10mm, and the mesh aperture of culturing net box (23) is smaller than the diameter of slow-release nutrient capsule always.
The system 5. a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating according to claim 3 is grown cultured pearls, it is characterised in that: the nutrition fertilizer Material (28) is the rotted pig manure that parts by weight are 80-90 parts, 3-5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 parts of phosphoric acid Diammonium, 2-4 parts of magnesium chloride, 1-5 parts of ferric sulfate, the mixture of 10-20 parts of water hyacinth powder.
The system 6. a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating according to claim 1 is grown cultured pearls, it is characterised in that: the hanging culture net A pair of flexible magnetic sucking tube (25) is equipped on the upside of case (6), described flexibility magnetic sucking tube (25) both ends are fixed on pond of growing cultured pearls (1) inner end wall, A pair of flexible magnetic sucking tube (25) is located remotely from each other one end and is fixedly connected to the soft net (26) of control, and the soft net (26) of control is interior It is placed with water hyacinth, pond of growing cultured pearls (1) the left and right ends bank, which is dug, has absorption to cheat, and is equipped with the second electricity in the absorption hole Magnet (29).
The system 7. a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating according to claim 6 is grown cultured pearls, it is characterised in that: the flexibility magnetic Suction pipe (25) includes elastic hose, and magnetite is filled in the elastic hose.
The system 8. a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating according to claim 1 is grown cultured pearls, it is characterised in that: the pond of growing cultured pearls (1) aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in, launches reddish black stone, zincblende block and manganite block, and raises together and have filter-feeding fish or miscellaneous Feeding fish.
The system 9. a kind of ecology for pearl cultivating according to claim 1 is grown cultured pearls, it is characterised in that: the pond of growing cultured pearls (1) constent temperature heater and aerator are also equipped in.
10. a kind of -9 any ecologies for pearl cultivating are grown cultured pearls the application method of system according to claim 1, special Sign is: the application method the following steps are included:

S1, cultivation pretreatment: digging pond of growing cultured pearls (1), water purifying tank (2) and cesspool (3), 15-20 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, row Dry ponding, with lime disinfection, fills fresh water, the depth of water after shelving solarization 3-5 days after removing periphery water plant and ridge side drought grass 1.5-2.5m, fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, and aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in pond of growing cultured pearls (1), launches reddish black stone, sudden strain of a muscle Zinc ore block and manganite block, and mixed breeding has filter-feeding fish or ominivore-fish；

S2, choose healthy freshwater mussel kind: the selection 2-3 monthly age is implanted with the healthy pearl culturing clam of pearl core, hangs according to the density of 800-1200/mu It supports in pond of growing cultured pearls (1)；

S3, aquaculture management: it in the annual 4-9 month, periodically feeds intake into pond of growing cultured pearls (1) according to the standard of the 2-3 times/moon, other Month periodically feeds intake into pond of growing cultured pearls (1) according to the standard of the 1-2 times/moon, while keeping water temperature at 15 DEG C -25 DEG C, and pH is protected It holds in 7-8, COD value 5-25mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.1-2mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration is 5mg/L or more；

S4, water quality replacement: the frequency of water quality replacement is specially to open the first suction pump (4) and the second suction pump every 20-25 days (5) once, each water circulation 2-3 days, flow velocity is preferably slowly gentle, guarantees that the depth of water is 1.5-2.5m in aquaculture pond；

S5, inspection take pearl: rotten grass, residual bait are salvaged in inspection sooner or later in time, and whether maturation conforms to the pearl that inspection pearl culturing clam is cultivated It asks, if maturation meets the requirements, pearl is collected in pearl culturing clam body by operation；If prematurity is undesirable, step is returned Rapid S3.