CN115250977B - Efficient culture method of daphnia strain for water quality purification - Google Patents

Efficient culture method of daphnia strain for water quality purification Download PDF

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CN115250977B
CN115250977B CN202210842769.2A CN202210842769A CN115250977B CN 115250977 B CN115250977 B CN 115250977B CN 202210842769 A CN202210842769 A CN 202210842769A CN 115250977 B CN115250977 B CN 115250977B
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daphnia
strain
water
pond
algae
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CN115250977A (en
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徐后涛
唐旭东
郑小燕
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Shanghai Aquatic Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/20—Culture of aquatic animals of zooplankton, e.g. water fleas or Rotatoria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management

Abstract

A high-efficiency culture method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification provides a screening, domesticating, high-yield culture and high-efficiency collection method of the large-scale cladocera combined daphnia strain with good ingestion effect on algae. The daphnia strain is a large branch angle combination consisting of daphnia magna and Long Xian daphnia magna. The combination can not only keep good ingestion effect of the large-scale cladocera on algae, but also overcome the defect that only a single daphnia magna cannot resist high temperature. The daphnia strain culture collection system comprises a daphnia strain collection net cage, an impeller aeration oxygenator, an LED searchlight, an induction feeding system and the like. The algae-filtering daphnia cultivation and collection system has the advantages of low cultivation cost, high utilization rate and large cultivation scale, and the eutrophic lake repaired by adopting the classical biological manipulation theory provides sufficient zooplankton germplasm resources.

Description

Efficient culture method of daphnia strain for water quality purification
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-efficiency cultivation method of daphnia strain for water quality purification, and belongs to the technical field of natural water quality purification.
Background
Along with the continuous expansion of human production and life, the pollution of natural water bodies has become a serious environmental problem facing the current world; algae bloom caused by water eutrophication is a common problem in water environment treatment.
Feeding phytoplankton is the theoretical basis of classical biological manipulation to control algal bloom, zooplankton is one of the key factors of biological manipulation, and macroplankton is the most important and most likely selected object. A great deal of research shows that the large branch angles have higher filter feeding rate for phytoplankton, and can control the algal bloom in the eutrophic water body to a certain extent. In addition, the large horn has high protein content (40% -60% of dry weight), contains important amino acids necessary for fish nutrition, contains rich vitamins and calcium, and is also an excellent live bait for fish, shrimp and crab.
The daphnia strain is a large-scale branch angle combination consisting of daphnia magna and Long Xian daphnia magna, and the combination can not only keep good feeding effect of the large-scale branch angle on algae, but also overcome the defect that only a single daphnia magna cannot resist high temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: the screening, domesticating, high-yield cultivation and efficient collection method of the large-scale cladocera combined daphnia strain with good ingestion effect on algae is provided, and sufficient daphnia strain can be provided for controlling eutrophic river and lake algae.
The efficient cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification comprises the following steps: the algae cultivation pool comprises a cultivation pool 1, an aeration oxygenator 3 and an algae-filtering daphnia collecting device 2 which are arranged in the cultivation pool, wherein the area of the cultivation pool 1 is more than 6 mu, the average water depth is 80-100cm, and a water source which can be supplemented through a water inlet pipe 7 at any time is arranged; meanwhile, floating leaf plants 4 distributed according to a certain plant spacing are planted in the pond, and a drain pipe 5 with the inner diameter of 50cm is arranged at the edge of the cultivation pond; a hydrophilic platform 6 for collecting the daphnia strain is arranged at intervals of 50m around the inside of the culture pond 1 and matched with the daphnia strain collecting device, the top of the hydrophilic platform 6 is lower than the normal water level by 0.3m, the width is 1m, the length is 6-8m, and the hydrophilic platform is deep into the center of the pond; and a plurality of bamboo poles are evenly cut on the periphery of each hydrophilic platform 6, the distance between the bamboo poles and the hydrophilic platform is about 2m, the distance between the bamboo poles is 8-10m, and the bamboo poles are 1m higher than the water surface.
The cultivation method of the daphnia strain comprises the following steps:
1. screening, domesticating and amplifying strain sources of daphnia
A) Screening the daphnia strain:
selecting and purifying samples collected from the field by adopting a manual method, and picking out daphnia magna and Long Xian daphnia magna one by using a suction tube and an dissecting needle under a microscope, wherein the selection quantity of each variety is not less than 100;
b) Expanding culture in a laboratory:
preliminary expanding cultivation is carried out by using glass cups, the selected daphnia strain is placed in 1L glass cups filled with aerated tap water, 20 daphnia strain are placed in each glass cup, yeast powder is used for feeding every day, the temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and dissolved oxygen is not lower than 6.8mg/L;
c) Expanding culture and domestication by a glass jar:
transferring the daphnia magna to 1×1x0.5m when the density in glass is 500-600, and culturing chlorella with a chlorella quantity of not less than 1×10 7 Further performing expansion culture and domestication in a glass jar with a volume/L, wherein the water temperature and the dissolved oxygen are controlled to be consistent with those of glass culture; and chlorella and scenedesmus are added in time in the culture process, so that the color of the water body is always kept green.
D) Medium-scale expansion culture of the daphnia strain in a cement pond
1) Constructing a culture pond with the specification of 4 multiplied by 8 multiplied by 1m, thoroughly sterilizing the culture pond by using sodium hypochlorite disinfectant with the concentration not lower than 20ppm before the introduction of the daphnia strain, culturing chlorella after the sterilization is finished, and installing an aeration system in each cement pond;
2) Introducing alga-filtering daphnia
Introducing the flea insects cultured in the glass jar into cement ponds, wherein the introduction density of each cement pond is not less than 20000;
3) Performing domestication culture of the daphnia strain:
controlling the temperature of the cement pool to 18-25 ℃, domesticating and feeding the chlorella in the cement pool by using a microalgae liquid after the chlorella is basically ingested by the filtered algae, wherein the microalgae liquid contains mixed algae liquid consisting of chlorella, scenedesmus, chlorella, microcystis, chlorella, linear algae, diamond algae and navicular algae with the diameter of less than 50um, and the adding amount of the mixed algae liquid is 0.8-1m per day 3 A pool; during the culture process, photosynthetic bacteria and spirulina powder are put in once in 1 week; feeding spirulina powder by 25 g/pond and photosynthetic bacteria by 5 l/pond;
2. high-yield cultivation of daphnia strain
1. Early preparation of culture pond
The preparation of the culture pond in the early stage comprises the steps of installing an aeration device and planting water lily, wherein the bottom microporous aeration is adopted to increase the dissolved oxygen of the water body, and the planting density of the water lily is 50m 2 Constructing a shielding environment for the daphnia strain; the area of a single culture pond is generally not less than 1m of water depth of 6 mu;
a hydrophilic platform 6 is arranged at intervals of 50m in the periphery of the culture pond, the top of the hydrophilic platform is lower than the normal water level by 0.3m, the width is 1m, the length is 6-8m, and the hydrophilic platform penetrates into the center of the pond for collecting the daphnia strain; uniformly cutting a plurality of bamboo poles on the periphery of each hydrophilic platform, wherein the distance between the bamboo poles is 2m according to the hydrophilic platform, the distance between the bamboo poles is 8-10m, and the bamboo poles are 1m higher than the water surface;
2. sterilizing and cleaning the culture pond
I.e. 25g/m when the water in the pond is added to a water depth of 90cm 3 Standard bleach powder with calcium hypochlorite content no less than 35% sprayed with 2:1-3:1 of tea bran and quicklime, and using 20 kg/mu, and starting an aerator in the whole process of pond cleaning; after 72 hours, controlling insects and larvae in the water body of the culture pond by using imidacloprid;
3. fertilizer and water in cultivation pond
After the disinfection and impurity removal are completed for 3 days, the concentration of the water is 6mg/m 3 Sprinkling the fermented peanut bran supernatant in the pond body, and sprinkling a compound fertilizer prepared from fermented chicken manure, calcium superphosphate and urea according to a certain proportion according to the standard of 50-60 kg/mu; binding prepared peanut bran and straw stems on each bamboo pole around the hydrophilic platform, wherein the peanut bran is 10 kg/bag of 3 bags per mu, the straw stems are 10 kg/bag of 2 bags per mu, and fermenting and soaking in pond water; at the same time, after 7 days, according to 20-30ml/m 3 The amount of the microbial fertilizer is that mixed liquid prepared by photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and saccharomycetes is sprayed into liquid in a pond; introducing microalgae liquid seed source at an amount of 1000L/mu after 9 days, wherein the algae density in the microalgae liquid seed source is not less than 1×10 8 Aeration is started for 24 hours per liter;
4. inoculation of the alga-filtering daphnia in the pond
After the microalgae seed source is inoculated for 7 days, the daphnia strain is introduced into the cultivation pond from the cement pond, and the inoculation density is not less than 1 multiplied by 10 5 Each mu;
5. performing culture of algae-filtering daphnia
A) Performing water quality management and culture:
monitoring the pH value and the dissolved oxygen content of a water body in a cement pond every day, wherein the pH value is preferably controlled to be 6.5-7.5, and when the pH value of the water body is too high, adding a proper amount of fruit acid and lactic acid, and when the pH value is too low, adding a proper amount of quicklime; the aeration aerator is started up for 24 hours;
b) Timely injecting water into the pond, dressing organic fertilizer and harvesting floating leaf plants:
namely when the transparency of the pond is larger than 45cm, the pond should be sprayed in time according to the standard of 50-60 kg/muFermenting a compound fertilizer consisting of chicken manure, calcium superphosphate and urea, and topdressing; adding microalgae liquid according to the standard of 500L/mu in time; when the area of the single water lily plant exceeds 3m 2 When the method is needed, trimming and controlling the coverage area are needed in time; draining and supplementing water regularly, draining and supplementing water once every 20 days, wherein the water amount is 1/3-1/4 of the total water amount, and the supplementing water source is required to be filtered by a double-layer 120-mesh filter screen;
3. efficient collection of daphnia strain
When the density of the cladocera-type daphnia strain in the water body in the pond exceeds more than 300/L, the daphnia strain is harvested, and the specific harvesting method comprises the following steps of:
1) Arranging a daphnia algae collecting net cage around the hydrophilic platform, and installing an impeller aeration oxygenator at the position 0.5m in front of the opening position of the collecting net; the peripheral bamboo poles of the impeller aerator are provided with 300w LED searchlight, and the phototaxis of the daphnia strain is utilized for night acquisition;
2) Harvesting the alga strain in the pond: the LED searchlight is turned on at night, the impeller type aeration oxygenator 3 is turned on, so that the daphnia algae individuals in the water body can sequentially pass through the primary filter screen 2.5 and the secondary filter screen 2.4 arranged in the daphnia algae filtering collecting box along the water body propelled by the impeller type aeration oxygenator, and finally enter the daphnia algae final collecting net 2.2 outside the main filter box 2.1 of the daphnia algae filtering collecting box; and after one hour of aeration, taking down the daphnia algae, and finally collecting the net pipe 2.2, thereby obtaining the high-density daphnia algae.
Further, the algae-filtering daphnia collecting device 2 is composed of a main filter box 2.1 and an algae-filtering daphnia final collecting net pipe 2.2 arranged on the outer side of the main filter box 2.1, a primary filter screen 2.5 is arranged on a water diversion surface of the algae-filtering daphnia collecting device 2, a secondary filter screen 2.4 is arranged at a joint of the main filter box 2.1 and the algae-filtering daphnia final collecting net pipe 2.2, and an aeration oxygenator 3 is arranged right in front of the algae-filtering daphnia collecting device 2.
Further, the daphnia strain is daphnia magna and daphnia Long Xian daphnia magna.
Further, the micro-filtration algae liquid refers to unicellular algae or group algae with the diameter not more than 50um living in eutrophic water bodies, and comprises algae plants of diatom, green algae, chrysophyta, xanthoalgae and cyanobacteria.
Further, the daphnia strain can adopt the bottom mud which is propagated in a large quantity to the annual cladia, and after the diapause period of 3-7 days, the cladia dormant eggs in the bottom mud are used for indoor illumination at 20-25 ℃ and not lower than 1000lux, so that the daphnia strain suitable for artificial cultivation can be obtained.
Further, the floating leaf plant is water lily.
Further, the primary filter screen 2.5 used on the main filter box 2.1 consists of a primary filter screen with 10 meshes, a secondary filter screen consisting of a double-layer peripheral green screen with 30 meshes and a white collecting screen.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, duck manure, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the proportion of 1:1:3, and uniformly sprinkling the mixture according to the amount of 50-60 kg/mu after fully soaking the mixture in water.
Further, the upper sun shield 2.3 at the upper part of the main filter box 2.1 of the daphnia strain collecting device 2 is arranged above the water level of the culture pond, and the rotating impeller of the aeration oxygenator 3 should be partially exposed above the water level of the culture pond.
According to the technical scheme, the efficient culture method for the daphnia strain for purifying water quality has the following characteristics compared with the prior art:
1. the yield is high, and the average monthly yield can reach more than 90 kg/mu;
2. the cultured and domesticated daphnia strain can be directly used for controlling blue-green algae and diatom bloom in water environment ecological management;
3. the method for collecting the daphnia strain is simple, convenient, rapid and high in efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a layout of a system for cultivating and collecting daphnia strain for water purification;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the daphnia strain net cage;
fig. 3 is an exploded view of the daphnia strain cage.
In the figure:
1-a cultivation pond; 2-a daphnia algae filtering collecting box; 2.1-a main filter box;
2.2-the daphnia algae is finally collected to form a net pipe; 2.3-upper sunshading board; 2.4-a secondary filter screen;
2.5-a filter screen; 2.6-supporting feet;
3-an aeration oxygenator; 4-floating leaf plants; 5-a water outlet pipe; 6-hydrophilic platform;
7-water inlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated below in conjunction with the drawings of the description and examples of the invention are given.
According to the technical scheme, the efficient culture method for the daphnia strain for purifying water quality has the core originality that:
the method for screening, domesticating, high-yield cultivation and high-efficiency collection of the large-scale cladocera which has good ingestion effect on algae and consists of daphnia magna and Long Xian daphnia magna is provided; meanwhile, the daphnia strain culture and collection system for water quality purification is combined into an integrated system integrating efficient culture and collection; the combination can not only keep good ingestion effect of the large-scale cladocera on algae, but also overcome the defect that only a single daphnia magna cannot resist high temperature. The daphnia strain culture collection system comprises a daphnia strain collection net cage, an impeller aeration oxygenator, an LED searchlight, an induction feeding system and the like. The daphnia strain culture collection system has the advantages of low culture cost, high utilization rate, large culture scale, convenient management, convenient catching and the like, is beneficial to realizing industrial production, and can provide sufficient zooplankton germplasm resources for ecological restoration of eutrophic lakes. Not only can the cultivation efficiency of the daphnia strain be improved to the maximum extent, but also the collecting device is organically fused into the cultivation site; an ideal cultivation environment can be formed, and meanwhile, effective technical support is provided for the maximization of benefits.
The invention is further elucidated below in conjunction with the drawings of the description and examples of the invention are given.
The daphnia strain culture and collection system for water quality purification as shown in fig. 1 comprises a culture pond 1, an aeration oxygenator 4 and a daphnia strain collection device 2 which are arranged in the pond, wherein the area of the culture pond 1 is more than 6 mu, the water depth is 80-100cm, and a water source which can be replenished through a water inlet pipe 5 at any time is arranged; meanwhile, 3 floating leaf plants 4 with certain plant spacing distribution are planted in the pond, and a drain pipe 5 with the inner diameter of 50cm is arranged at the edge of the cultivation pond; a hydrophilic platform 6 for collecting the daphnia strain is arranged at intervals of 50m in the culture pond 1, and the top of the hydrophilic platform 6 is lower than the normal water level by 0.3m, has the width of 1m and the length of 6-8m and penetrates into the center of the pond; and a plurality of bamboo poles are evenly cut on the periphery of each hydrophilic platform 6, the distance between the bamboo poles and the hydrophilic platform is about 2m, the distance between the bamboo poles is 8-10m, and the bamboo poles are 1m higher than the water surface.
Fig. 2 and 3 show specific structural schematic diagrams of the daphnia strain collecting device 2 adopted in the invention.
The algae-filtering daphnia collecting device 2 consists of a main filter box 2.1 and an algae daphnia final collecting net pipe 2.2 arranged on the outer side of the main filter box 2.1, a primary filter screen 2.5 is arranged on a water diversion surface of the algae-filtering daphnia collecting device 2, a secondary filter screen 2.4 is arranged at a joint of the main filter box 2.1 and the algae final collecting net pipe 2.2, and an aeration oxygenator 3 is arranged right in front of the algae-filtering daphnia collecting device 2.
When the daphnia strain culture and collection system for water quality purification is constructed, the following principles and steps are required:
the cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification comprises the following steps:
1. screening, domesticating and amplifying strain sources of daphnia
A) Screening the daphnia strain:
selecting and purifying samples collected from the field by adopting a manual method, and picking out daphnia magna and Long Xian daphnia magna one by using a suction tube and an dissecting needle under a microscope, wherein the selection quantity of each variety is not less than 100;
b) Expanding culture in a laboratory:
preliminary expanding cultivation is carried out by using glass cups, the selected daphnia strain is placed in 1L glass cups filled with aerated tap water, 20 daphnia strain are placed in each glass cup, yeast powder is used for feeding every day, the temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and dissolved oxygen is not lower than 6.8mg/L;
c) Expanding culture and domestication by a glass jar:
transferring the daphnia magna to 1×1x0.5m when the density in glass is 500-600, and culturing chlorella with a chlorella quantity of not less than 1×10 7 Further performing expansion culture and domestication in a glass jar with a volume/L, wherein the water temperature and the dissolved oxygen are controlled to be consistent with those of glass culture; and chlorella and scenedesmus are added in time in the culture process, so that the color of the water body is always kept green.
D) Medium-scale expansion culture of the daphnia strain in a cement pond
1) Constructing a culture pond with the specification of 4 multiplied by 8 multiplied by 1m, thoroughly sterilizing the culture pond by using sodium hypochlorite disinfectant with the concentration not lower than 20ppm before the introduction of the daphnia strain, culturing chlorella after the sterilization is finished, and installing an aeration system in each cement pond;
2) Introducing the daphnia strain:
introducing the flea insects cultured in the glass jar into cement ponds, wherein the introduction density of each cement pond is not less than 20000;
3) Performing domestication culture of the daphnia strain:
controlling the temperature of the cement pool to 18-25 ℃, domesticating and feeding the chlorella in the cement pool by using a microalgae liquid after the chlorella is basically ingested by the filtered algae, wherein the microalgae liquid contains mixed algae liquid consisting of chlorella, scenedesmus, chlorella, microcystis, chlorella, linear algae, diamond algae and navicular algae with the diameter of less than 50um, and the adding amount of the mixed algae liquid is 0.8-1m per day 3 A pool; during the culture process, photosynthetic bacteria and spirulina powder are put in once in 1 week; the feeding amount of the spirulina powder is 25 g/pond, and the feeding amount of the photosynthetic bacteria is 5L/pond.
2. High-yield cultivation of daphnia strain
1. Early preparation of culture pond
The preparation of the culture pond in the early stage comprises the steps of installing an aeration device and planting water lily, wherein the bottom microporous aeration is adopted to increase the dissolved oxygen of the water body, and the planting density of the water lily is 50m 2 Constructing a shielding environment for the daphnia strain; the area of a single culture pond is generally not less than 1m of water depth of 6 mu;
2. sterilizing and cleaning the culture pond
I.e. 25g/m when the water in the pond is added to a water depth of 90cm 3 Standard bleach powder with calcium hypochlorite content no less than 35% sprayed with 2:1-3:1 of tea bran and quicklime, and using 20 kg/mu, and starting an aerator in the whole process of pond cleaning; after 72 hours, controlling insects and larvae in the water body of the culture pond by using imidacloprid;
3. fertilizer and water in cultivation pond
After the disinfection and impurity removal are completed for 3 days, the concentration of the water is 6mg/m 3 Sprinkling the fermented peanut bran supernatant in the pond body, and sprinkling a compound fertilizer prepared from fermented chicken manure, calcium superphosphate and urea according to a certain proportion according to the standard of 50-60 kg/mu; binding prepared peanut bran and straw stems on each bamboo pole around the hydrophilic platform, wherein the peanut bran is 10 kg/bag of 3 bags per mu, the straw stems are 10 kg/bag of 2 bags per mu, and fermenting and soaking in pond water; at the same time, after 7 days, according to 20-30ml/m 3 The amount of the microbial fertilizer is that mixed liquid prepared by photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and saccharomycetes is sprayed into liquid in a pond; introducing microalgae liquid seed source at an amount of 1000L/mu after 9 days, wherein the algae density in the microalgae liquid seed source is not less than 1×10 8 Aeration is started for 24 hours per liter;
4. inoculation of the alga-filtering daphnia in the pond
After the microalgae seed source is inoculated for 7 days, the daphnia strain is introduced into the cultivation pond from the cement pond, and the inoculation density is not less than 1 multiplied by 10 5 Each mu;
5. performing culture of algae-filtering daphnia
A) Performing water quality management and culture:
monitoring the pH value and the dissolved oxygen content of a water body in a cement pond every day, wherein the pH value is preferably controlled to be 6.5-7.5, and when the pH value of the water body is too high, adding a proper amount of fruit acid and lactic acid, and when the pH value is too low, adding a proper amount of quicklime; the aeration aerator is started up for 24 hours;
b) Timely injecting water into the pond, dressing organic fertilizer and harvesting floating leaf plants:
namely, when the transparency of the pond is larger than 45cm, the fermented chicken manure and the perphosphoric acid should be sprayed in time according to the standard of 50-60 kg/muA compound fertilizer consisting of calcium and urea is subjected to topdressing; adding microalgae liquid according to the standard of 500L/mu in time; when the area of the single water lily plant exceeds 3m 2 When the method is needed, trimming and controlling the coverage area are needed in time; draining and supplementing water regularly, draining and supplementing water once every 20 days, wherein the water amount is 1/3-1/4 of the total water amount, and the supplementing water source is required to be filtered by a double-layer 120-mesh filter screen;
3. the method for collecting the daphnia strain for water quality purification comprises the following steps:
when the density of the cladocera-type daphnia strain in the water body in the culture pond exceeds more than 300/L, the daphnia strain is harvested, and the specific harvesting method comprises the following steps of:
1) Arranging a daphnia algae collecting net cage around the hydrophilic platform, and installing an impeller aeration oxygenator at the position 0.5m in front of the opening position of the collecting net; the peripheral bamboo poles of the impeller aerator are provided with 300w LED searchlight, and the phototaxis of the daphnia strain is utilized for night acquisition;
2) Harvesting the alga strain in the cultivation pond: the LED searchlight is turned on at night, the impeller type aeration oxygenator 3 is turned on, so that the daphnia strain individuals in the water body can sequentially pass through the primary filter screen 2.5 and the secondary filter screen 2.4 arranged in the daphnia strain collecting box and finally enter the daphnia strain final collecting net 2.2 outside the daphnia strain collecting box main filter box 2.1 along the water body propelled by the impeller type aeration oxygenator; and after one hour of aeration, taking down the daphnia algae, and finally collecting the net pipe 2.2, thereby obtaining the high-density daphnia algae.
3) Inoculation of the alga-filtering daphnia in the pond
Screening freshwater branch angle type daphnia strain suitable for large-scale culture, and inoculating freshwater branch angle type daphnia strain into the water body of the culture pond according to the amount of not less than 500 g/mu inoculation density.
When the density of the branch angles in the water body in the pond exceeds 10-20/L, harvesting the adult branch angle type algae-filtering daphnia, wherein the specific harvesting method comprises the following steps:
1) Harvesting the alga-filtering daphnia in the pond
Opening an aeration oxygenator 4 to enable branch-angle individuals in the water body to sequentially pass through a primary filter screen 2.5 and a secondary filter screen 2.4 arranged in a daphnia filtering collecting box along the water body propelled by the impeller aeration oxygenator, and finally entering daphnia filtering collecting box main filter box 2.1 and finally collecting daphnia filtering net 2.2; after one hour of collection, the daphnia algae final collection net pipe 2.2 can be taken down to obtain the daphnia algae with extremely high purity;
2) Injecting water into the pond, dressing organic fertilizer and harvesting floating leaf plants:
namely, when the dissolved oxygen of water in the culture pond is lower than 2mg/L and the transparency of the pond is higher than 45cm, the organic fertilizer should be timely applied according to the standard of 50-60 kg/mu, and the micro-filtration algae liquid should be timely added according to the standard of 50L/mu; meanwhile, the density of the floating leaf plants is controlled at the right time; i.e. when the density of the floating leaf plant reaches 3 plants/40-60 m 2 Or the floating leaf area of the single floating leaf plant exceeds 3m 2 Trimming and controlling the coverage area in time when the area is needed;
3) And (3) performing the periodic water discharge and water replenishment in the pond, draining water and replenishing water once every 20-30 days, wherein the water replacement amount is 1/3-1/4 of the total water amount, and the water replenishing source is required to be filtered by a 20-mesh filter screen.
The daphnia strain is a combination of daphnia magna and daphnia longa.
The micro-filtration algae liquid refers to unicellular algae or group algae with the diameter not more than 50um living in eutrophic water, and comprises algae plants of diatom, green algae, chrysophyta, xanthophyta and cyanobacteria.
In practical application: the algae-filtering daphnia can adopt bottom mud which is propagated in a large quantity to the annual cladia, and after diapause period of 3-7 days, 20-25 ℃ and not lower than 1000lux illumination is given indoors by utilizing the cladia dormant eggs in the bottom mud, so that the algae-filtering daphnia suitable for artificial cultivation can be obtained.
The floating leaf plant is water lily.
The primary filter screen 2.5 used on the main filter box 2.1 consists of a primary filter screen below 10 meshes, a double-layer peripheral green screen above 30 meshes and a secondary filter screen consisting of a white collecting screen.
The additional fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, duck manure, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the proportion of 1:1:3, and uniformly spraying the mixture according to the amount of 50-60 kg/mu after fully soaking the mixture in water.
The sun shield at the upper part of the main filter box 2.1 of the daphnia strain collecting device 2 is arranged above the water level of the culture pond, and the rotating impeller of the aeration oxygenator 3 is also partially exposed above the water level of the culture pond.
The working principle of the daphnia strain collecting device 2 is as follows:
after the impeller aerator is opened, on one hand, the dissolved oxygen in the water body nearby is increased to about 8mg/L, and the water body nearby attracts the daphnia strain to gather nearby, in addition, along with the opening of the LED lamps on the plurality of bamboo poles around the hydrophilic platform 6 around the daphnia strain collecting device 2, a large amount of daphnia strain gathers around the aerator under the action of phototaxis. The water flow generated by the impeller aerator is guided, so that the algae-filtering daphnia passes through a primary filter screen under the guidance of LED light, some fallen leaves attached to the water body, floating submerged plants and large-scale water insects are blocked outside the net cage; the daphnia strain in the water gathers in the net cage, because the phototactic of daphnia strain and the guidance of rivers, most daphnia strain gets into the collection net through the secondary filter screen. Because the algae can be buffered in the net cage for a period of time, some dead algae-filtering daphnia floats and gathers and can not pass through secondary filtration, and other organisms (such as midge) passing through primary filtration are blocked in the net cage, only the algae-filtering daphnia with relatively strong activity reaches the collecting net under the guidance of external light and water flow; the collecting net is fixed on the pre-buried hook of the net cage through a retractable elastic hoop frame.
The practical use shows that: according to the daphnia strain culture and collection system for water quality purification provided by the scheme, the daphnia strain culture and collection system has the following using effects:
1. effectively solves the problem of large-scale cultivation and supply of the daphnia strain, has extremely strong practicability, the weekly yield far exceeds the prior disclosed technology, the wet weight monthly yield of the daphnia strain is about 90 kg/mu,
2. the process of collecting the daphnia strain is a standard assembly line, the method is simple and easy to operate, the automatic collection is carried out for about 1h each time, and the average wet weight is about 10 kg;
the practical use shows that:
compared with the prior art, the efficient cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification has the advantages of low cultivation cost, high water utilization rate, large cultivation scale and the like.
In addition, the cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple management, convenient fishing and the like, is beneficial to realizing industrial production and providing sufficient zooplankton germplasm resources for ecological restoration of eutrophic lakes. The density of the daphnia strain can reach 10-20 per liter in a culture period of 3-5 days, most individuals are long (most of the individuals reach more than 4 mm), the daphnia strain is light gray green, the activity is good, the nutritional value is high, the content of crude protein is up to 50.21%, and exceeds 30.93% of that of common natural propagation.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the basic embodiments of the present invention, and modifications, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art and which are not intended to be essential to the invention, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-efficiency cultivation method of daphnia strain for water quality purification is characterized in that: the culture method of the daphnia strain comprises the following steps: constructing a set of daphnia culture collection system comprising a culture pond (1), an aeration oxygenator (3) and a daphnia culture collection device (2) which are arranged in the culture pond, and a daphnia culture method for water quality purification; the area of the culture pond (1) is more than 6 mu, the average water depth is 80-100cm, and a water source which can be supplemented by a water inlet pipe (7) at any time is arranged; meanwhile, floating leaf plants (4) distributed according to a certain plant spacing are planted in the pond, and a drain pipe (5) with the inner diameter of 50cm is arranged at the edge of the cultivation pond; a hydrophilic platform (6) for collecting the daphnia strain is arranged at intervals of 50m in the culture pond (1) and matched with the daphnia strain collecting device, the top of the hydrophilic platform (6) is lower than the normal water level by 0.3m, the width is 1m, the length is 6-8m, and the hydrophilic platform is deep into the center of the pond; uniformly cutting a plurality of bamboo poles around each hydrophilic platform (6), wherein the distance between the bamboo poles and the hydrophilic platform is 2m, the distance between the bamboo poles is 8-10m, and the bamboo poles are 1m higher than the water surface;
the cultivation method of the daphnia strain comprises the following steps:
1. screening, domesticating and amplifying strain sources of daphnia
A) Screening the daphnia strain:
selecting and purifying samples collected from the field by adopting a manual method, and picking out daphnia magna and Long Xian daphnia magna one by using a suction tube and an dissecting needle under a microscope, wherein the selection quantity of each variety is not less than 100;
b) Expanding culture in a laboratory:
preliminary expanding cultivation is carried out by using glass cups, the selected daphnia strain is placed in 1L glass cups filled with aerated tap water, 20 daphnia strain are placed in each glass cup, yeast powder is used for feeding every day, the temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and dissolved oxygen is not lower than 6.8mg/L;
c) Expanding culture and domestication by a glass jar:
transferring the daphnia magna to 1×1x0.5m when the density in glass is 500-600, and culturing chlorella with a chlorella quantity of not less than 1×10 7 Further performing expansion culture and domestication in a glass jar with a volume/L, wherein the water temperature and the dissolved oxygen are controlled to be consistent with those of glass culture; the chlorella and scenedesmus are added in time in the culture process, so that the color of the water body is always kept green;
d) Performing medium-scale expansion culture of the daphnia strain in a cement pond:
1) Constructing a culture pond with the specification of 4 multiplied by 8 multiplied by 1m, thoroughly sterilizing the culture pond by using sodium hypochlorite disinfectant with the concentration not lower than 20ppm before the introduction of the daphnia strain, culturing chlorella after the sterilization is finished, and installing an aeration system in each cement pond;
2) Introducing the daphnia strain:
introducing the flea insects cultured in the glass jar into cement ponds, wherein the introduction density of each cement pond is not less than 20000;
3) Performing domestication culture of the daphnia strain:
controlling the temperature of the cement pool to 18-25 ℃, domesticating and feeding the chlorella in the cement pool by using a microalgae liquid after the chlorella is basically ingested by the filtered algae, wherein the microalgae liquid contains mixed algae liquid consisting of chlorella, scenedesmus, chlorella, microcystis, chlorella, linear algae, diamond algae and navicular algae with the diameter of less than 50um, and the adding amount of the mixed algae liquid is 0.8 per day-1m 3 A pool; during the culture process, photosynthetic bacteria and spirulina powder are put in once in 1 week; feeding spirulina powder by 25 g/pond and photosynthetic bacteria by 5 l/pond;
2. high-yield cultivation of daphnia strain
1. Early preparation of culture pond
The preparation of the culture pond in the early stage comprises the steps of installing an aeration device and planting water lily, wherein the bottom microporous aeration is adopted to increase the dissolved oxygen of the water body, and the planting density of the water lily is 50m 2 Constructing a shielding environment for the daphnia strain; the area of a single culture pond is not less than 6 mu of water depth of 1m;
2. sterilizing and cleaning the culture pond
I.e. 25g/m when the water in the pond is added to a water depth of 90cm 3 Standard bleach powder with calcium hypochlorite content no less than 35% sprayed with 2:1-3:1 of tea bran and quicklime, and using 20 kg/mu, and starting an aerator in the whole process of pond cleaning; after 72 hours, controlling insects and larvae in the water body of the culture pond by using imidacloprid;
3. fertilizer and water in cultivation pond
After the disinfection and impurity removal are completed for 3 days, the concentration of the water is 6mg/m 3 Sprinkling the fermented peanut bran supernatant in the pond body, and sprinkling a compound fertilizer prepared from fermented chicken manure, calcium superphosphate and urea according to a certain proportion according to the standard of 50-60 kg/mu; binding prepared peanut bran and straw stems on each bamboo pole around the hydrophilic platform, wherein the peanut bran is 10 kg/bag of 3 bags per mu, the straw stems are 10 kg/bag of 2 bags per mu, and fermenting and soaking in pond water; at the same time, after 7 days, according to 20-30ml/m 3 The amount of the microbial fertilizer is that mixed liquid prepared by photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and saccharomycetes is sprayed into liquid in a pond; introducing microalgae liquid seed source at an amount of 1000L/mu after 9 days, wherein the algae density in the microalgae liquid seed source is not less than 1×10 8 Aeration is started for 24 hours per liter;
4. inoculation of the alga-filtering daphnia in the pond
After the microalgae seed source is inoculated for 7 days, the daphnia strain is introduced into the cultivation pond from the cement pond, and the inoculation density is not less than 1 multiplied by 10 5 Each mu;
5. performing culture of algae-filtering daphnia
A) Performing water quality management and culture:
monitoring the pH value and the dissolved oxygen content of a water body in a cement pond every day, wherein the pH value is preferably controlled to be 6.5-7.5, and when the pH value of the water body is too high, adding a proper amount of fruit acid and lactic acid, and when the pH value is too low, adding a proper amount of quicklime; the aeration aerator is started up for 24 hours;
b) Timely injecting water into the pond, dressing organic fertilizer and harvesting floating leaf plants:
when the transparency of the pond is larger than 45cm, a compound fertilizer consisting of fermented chicken manure, calcium superphosphate and urea is sprayed in time according to the standard of 50-60 kg/mu for topdressing; adding microalgae liquid according to the standard of 500L/mu in time; when the area of the single water lily plant exceeds 3m 2 When the method is needed, trimming and controlling the coverage area are needed in time; and (3) draining and supplementing water regularly, draining and supplementing water once every 20 days, wherein the water quantity is 1/3-1/4 of the total water quantity, and the water supplementing water source is required to be filtered by a double-layer 120-mesh filter screen.
2. The method for efficient daphnia culture for water purification according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the algae-filtering daphnia collecting device (2) consists of a main filtering box (2.1) and an algae-collecting net pipe (2.2) arranged on the outer side of the main filtering box (2.1), a primary filtering net (2.5) is arranged on a water diversion surface of the algae-filtering daphnia collecting device (2), a secondary filtering net (2.4) is arranged at a joint of the main filtering box (2.1) and the algae-filtering daphnia collecting net pipe (2.2), and an aeration oxygenator (3) is arranged right in front of the algae-filtering daphnia collecting device (2).
3. The efficient cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification as claimed in claim 1,
the method is characterized in that: the method for collecting the daphnia strain for water quality purification comprises the following steps:
when the density of the cladocera-type daphnia strain in the water body in the culture pond exceeds more than 300/L, the daphnia strain is harvested, and the specific harvesting method comprises the following steps of:
1) Arranging a daphnia algae collecting net cage around the hydrophilic platform, and installing an impeller aeration oxygenator at the position 0.5m in front of the opening position of the collecting net; the peripheral bamboo poles of the impeller aerator are provided with 300w LED searchlight, and the phototaxis of the daphnia strain is utilized for night acquisition;
2) Harvesting the alga strain in the pond: the LED searchlight is turned on at night, the impeller type aeration oxygenator (3) is turned on to enable the daphnia algae individuals in the water body to sequentially pass through the primary filter screen (2.5) along the water body propelled by the impeller type aeration oxygenator, and the secondary filter screen (2.4) arranged in the daphnia algae filtering collecting box finally enters the daphnia algae collecting net pipe (2.2) outside the main filter box (2.1) of the daphnia algae filtering collecting box; and after one hour of aeration, taking down the daphnia algae and finally collecting the net pipe (2.2), thereby obtaining the high-density daphnia algae.
4. The efficient cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the daphnia strain is a freshwater branch angle type daphnia magna and daphnia longa.
5. The efficient cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microalgae liquid refers to unicellular algae or group algae with the diameter of not more than 50um living in eutrophic water, and comprises algae plants of diatom, green algae, chrysophyta, xanthophyta and cyanobacteria.
6. The efficient cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bottom mud after the mass propagation of the algae-filtering daphnia adopts the branch angle class, and after the diapause period of 3-7 days, the algae-filtering daphnia suitable for artificial cultivation can be obtained by indoor illumination at 20-25 ℃ and not lower than 1000 lux.
7. The efficient cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that: the floating leaf plant is water lily.
8. The efficient cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the primary filter screen (2.5) used on the main filter box (2.1) consists of a primary filter screen below 10 meshes, a secondary filter screen consisting of a double-layer peripheral green screen above 30 meshes and a white acquisition screen.
9. The efficient cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, duck manure, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the proportion of 1:1:3, and uniformly sprinkling the mixture according to the amount of 50-60 kg/mu after fully soaking the mixture in water.
10. The efficient cultivation method of the daphnia strain for water quality purification as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sun shield (2.3) at the upper part of the main filter tank (2.1) of the alga-filtering and daphnia collecting device (2) is arranged above the horizontal plane of the culture pond, and the rotary impeller part of the aeration oxygenator (3) is exposed above the horizontal plane of the culture pond.
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